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Matriz de riscos nos contratos de concessões rodoviárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-25) Santos, Alexandre Silva; Albuquerque, Andrei Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9667573506903226; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1648325944980197
The public service of national infrastructure, from the mid-1990s, began to be provided jointly to the private sector through contracts through the bidding law. From 1995 onwards, with the enactment of the concession law, the State sought private partners to carry out these services, assuming all the risk of the enterprise and public works within a certain period. The objective of this research is to identify and compare the allocation of contractual risks in a risk matrix in the Federal and Paulista Highway Concessions from 2009 to 2020. This research investigated 16 concession contracts, 8 federal and 8 state, corresponding to the period from 2009 to 2020. 2020, with textual analysis of risk allocations between the Grantor and Concessionaire, in order to describe relationships of differences and similarities between contracts. During these periods, the dimensions of the highways, contracted values, economics and political aspects of the federal and state governments were disregarded. Contracts were consulted by the portals of the federal and state transport regulatory agencies, and the contractual clauses were listed in the construction of a risk matrix that was paired and compared by reading and analyzing the convergences and divergences regarding the normative isomorphic aspect and based on the differentiation of the highways in the State of São Paulo due to the quality of its highways, which is among the 10 best in the country. The results found are a convergence of 57% of the contractual clauses, with occasional divergences in the amount of 19% in federal contracts with exclusive clauses; and 17% in the states. It was observed that the contracts seek a trend in relation to contracts in São Paulo, but some aspects diverge in relation to the quality of services. The contribution of this research lies in the practical application of the concepts of the new public governance such as: networking, new actors, accountability, accountability, transparency and accountability. More specifically, the risk matrix as a management tool can contribute to the effective use of resources, mapping contractual risks. This research highlights the convergences in the observation of risks of contracts drawn up by the federation and the State of São Paulo, allowing other entities of the federation to evaluate them in similar contracts.
CuOx-RHO aplicados para conversão de metano em metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-25) Silva, Amanda Ferreira Santos da; Dulnee, Siriwan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1526348317210690; Bueno, José Maria Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0290612067635975
The direct oxidation of methane (CH4) into higher value-added products, such as methanol, has recently gained tremendous interest. The challenge is an over-oxidation of methanol to CO2 and water due to the difficulty in activating methane through C-H bond breaking. Thus, this research attempted to develop an active Cu-exchange RHO catalyst for a selective methane oxidation-to-methanol reaction. In this study, the RHO zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment using two different methods with and without an organic template (18-crown-6) compound for zeolite. By using the organic template, it is found that the crystalline Na,Cs-RHO were obtained after 2-day synthesis. The crystallinity of Na,CsRHO increases with synthesis time. In contrast, without an organic template, the crystalline Na,Cs-RHO was formed only after 8-d synthesis. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and nitrogen physisorption, and were catalytically activity tested at several conditions. Among all Na,Cs-RHO samples prepared in this work, our preliminary results showed that a high crystallinity of Na.Cs-RHO synthesized for 8 days is suitable for preparing Cu-exchanged RHO. However, the highest methanol yield obtained from Cu,Na,Cs-RHO-8d is only about 16 μmol of CH3OH/g of catalyst. This could be possibly due to the presence of strong-interacted Cs ions in RHO’s pore leading to a limitation of active Cu species formed. This work further attempted to eliminate Cs and Na by ion exchanging with NH4+ ions prior to Cu ion exchanging, while the phase transformation of zeolite was observed. Still, more investigations must be carried out to develop the highly active Cu-exchanged RHO.
Integração entre a robótica educacional e a abordagem steam: identificação da área de oportunidade e desenvolvimento de protótipos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-25) Castelli Fernandes, Nidia Mara Melchiades; Zanon, Dulcimeire Aparecida Volante; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811225448261362; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1017577953300633
It is totally necessary to introduce Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) as a didactic resource in classrooms to face the challenges of Society nowadays. One of the technologies that has been used is Educational Robotics (ER) which, because of its characteristics, includes motivating didactic-pedagogical conditions and provides active learning. ER involves building, programming and manipulating robotic platforms. Its potential can be increased when associated to STEAM, based on investigative projects that starts from real problems and contextualized and interdisciplinary contents, where students propose a viable solution prototype. In this case, the following research question was established: How to identify areas of opportunity or themes that aim to integrate ER and the STEAM, in order to support the development of prototypes by students from Integrated Technical Education to High School? The identification of the areas and opportunities that can become the main theme for the study of the STEAM project, based on the competences developed in a curriculum, consisted in three stages: survey of the themes; classification of themes; achievement of Opportunity Areas (topics to be worked on the STEAM project) from Connection Maps. Were identified twelve Opportunity Areas, among which was chosen one of them, entitled Social Responsibility and Sustainability. After the selection, there was the development of the STEAM projects, by the students of a 1st grade of the Informatic to internet-Etim, course of an Etec in the interior of São Paulo State, belonging to the Paula Souza Center (CPS), containing five moments: 1st) Guiding question connected to a real problem; 2nd) Understanding the problem. What do we know about this subject? And, what do not we know? Polling; 3rd) Motivational texts and lectures for discussion and recording of ideas considered important by the groups; 4th) Product: development of a prototype as a proposal to solve the problem using the ER; 5th) Socialization and evaluation of prototypes. The analyzes indicate that there were advances in the knowledge learned by the students, as well as their intellectual (creativity, curiosity, reasoning, argumentation, decision-making, problem solving) and social (interaction, communication, collaboration and active listening) development.