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Monitoramento estatístico aplicado à ciência dos dados: uma abordagem para validação contínua de modelos preditivos classificatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Bueno, Carlos Renato; Oprime, Pedro Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3580541754508326
Predictive models are those that apply to data of observable variables, called independent, inferring on the behavior of another variable, observable or not, called dependent. A particular case, and widely used, are the binary classificatory models, in which the dependent variable can receive two values: Yes or no (positive/negative, success/failure). The present thesis demonstrates that operational environments increasingly digitized allow more complex applications of these classification models. Add to this the need to increase business competitiveness, through the search for information that reduces costs or increases the profitability of companies: it is the “Perfect Storm”, which increases the importance, scope, financial impacts, and horizon time of use of these models. This phenomenon occurs both within the industry with Big Data Analytics (BDA), and in other sectors, with the development of Data Science (DS). However, the boundary conditions, or existing operational conditions, when creating the model, can undergo significant variations, due to technical problems in the generation, capture, flow of information, or even in the relationships between the variables studied, which can reduce the quality of the forecast. of the created model. The literature review showed that several researchers claim that it is important to periodically check the performance of hits and misses of these models, however, there is a lack of more specific criteria and methods that define the checking frequency and sample sizes suitable for this monitoring. To fill this gap, the concepts of Project Science Research were used to integrate the concepts of Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM) with the methods of elaboration of models applied in the field of DS. In the construction of this integration, Phases I and II of the SPM were related to a structured process of data analysis and model generation, creating an approach for its continuous validation. This was validated using analytical and simulation techniques applied to the Cohen's Kappa index, resulting in prescriptive criteria for its use, supported by comparisons based on the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) and the index from Youden. Control charts, based on Kappa, were found to perform well for sample amounts of m=5 and sample sizes of n=500, provided the Pe value is less than 0.8. The simulations also showed that for monitoring through Kappa fewer samples are needed than for the other studied indices.
Extensões H-cleft distinguidas por H-identidades polinomiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Oliveira Junior, Abel Gomes de; Schützer, Waldeck; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8638200922501477; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9426745921249950
Our main object of study is the well-known question asking whether the set of polynomials identities distinguishes PI-algebras up to isomorphism. Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and H a non-semisimple monomial Hopf algebra. We prove that H-Galois objects over k are determined up to H-comodule algebra isomorphism by their polynomial H-identities. Afterwards we show that if H_N^q is a Taft algebra over a finite commutative unital ring R and N is an invertible element in R, then the H_N^q-cleft extensions over R are determined up to H_N^q-comodule R-algebra isomorphism by their polynomial H_N^q-identities.
Priorização de áreas para alocação de Reserva Legal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Coutinho Neto, Reginaldo Santos; Valente, Roberta Averna de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3287852300495011
The Legal Reserve (LR) is defined by the Native Vegetation Protection Law (NVPL) as a portion of a rural property whose function is to ensure the economic and sustainable use of natural resources, contributing to the conservation and rehabilitation of ecological processes and biodiversity conservation. Rural properties or possessions that are irregular because they have a deficit of LR may comply with the law, as long as they commit to restoration measures inside the property or compensate outside, to the extent established by law. To support the decision making of the allocation of LR, the Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE) methods appear, which have been efficiently used for forest restoration processes. Considering the criteria suggested by the NVPL and other indicators of environmental fragility, the main objective of this work was to elaborate a zoning of priority areas for the allocation of LR of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, inserted in the Alto Paranapanema watershed, having as limit rural properties declared in the Rural Environmental Registry. We observed results of different importance for each biome since the reality of each is different due to behavior of variables in each scenario. Areas classified as Very Low, Low and Moderate for LR allocation are the majority (76.7% for Cerrado and 61.8% for Atlantic Forest) and have little area covered by native vegetation (12.37% in Cerrado and 10,59% in the Atlantic Forest), with a predominance of agriculture and pasture cover. The areas classified as High and Very High priority have greater coverage of native vegetation (24.15% in the Cerrado and 34.1% in the Atlantic Forest) and that comply with the criteria guided by the NVPL. The MCE proved to be efficient even without the weighting of the criteria, allowing prioritizing areas for LR allocation within the watershed. This study can facilitate the population's choice for the placement of LR compensations and may also facilitate the public perception of the importance of compensating LR locally.
Desenvolvimento de vidro cristal de nióbio guiado por inteligência artificial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Souza, Maurício Lima; Santos, Gisele Guimarães dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0761705816463042; Zanotto, Edgar Dutra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1221235483356841
Utensils containing lead have been used for centuries, but the need to reduce exposure to this metal has encouraged the search for lead-free materials. Artificial neural networks (ANN) were used in this work as a tool in the development of new crystal glasses containing niobium instead of lead. Fixing certain parameters, such as refractive index, nd (≥ 1.55), glass transition temperature, Tg (≤ 570 °C), Abbe number, d (≤ 47), and the amount of the network-forming oxide SiO2 (≥ 60 mol%), tens of possible compositions were obtained. The most viable (eight, in total) were selected for synthesis and characterization. The glasses were prepared by melting the reagent mixtures (~ 1500 °C), and the refractive indices, glass transition temperature, chemical durability, and microhardness Vickers were estimated and compared to the values of a commercial lead-free crystal glass. The d values were only predicted established by the ANN. The values of nd and Tg predicted by the ANN were satisfactorily consistent with the experimental values measured. Among the prepared glasses, five presented values to nd similar or superior to the commercial sample and four of these presented Tg’s values just slightly higher than the commercial sample. All these glasses had a high degree of transparency and absence of color, with refractive indices between 1.558 and 1.634, glass transition temperature between 522 and 650 °C, and predicted Abbe number values between 40.9 and 54.4, low chemical solubility, and microhardness equivalent to the commercial sample.
Adolescentes usuários de substâncias psicoativas: desafios vivenciados em internações psiquiátricas e as possibilidades de cuidado no CAPSad
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Pereira, Natalia Alonso; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5180802289083121
The literature has shown that the adherence of adolescents users of Psychoactive Substances (PAS) is still a challenge, and alerts us to the need to consider the specific aspects of this period. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of adolescents who use PAS about their experiences in psychiatric hospitalizations and follow-ups received in the Centers for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and Drugs (CPSCad) as well as identify the challenges and benefits experienced in these occasions. This is an exploratory and qualitative study. Four adolescentes, linked to two CPSCad from two cities in the interior of São Paulo state, who had a history of psychiatric hospitalization and who answered a semi-structured interview, participated in the study. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by the Content Analysis method. These adolescents started using drugs early, have experiences of "heavy" drugs uses and come from social vulnerability contexts. The hospitalization were involuntary, and aspects such as family distancing, feeling of confinement, situations of lack of security and as well as the absence of diversified approaches in daily life were considered the greatest challenges experienced in them. It was identified that the understanding that they would have served their sentence through this isolation, detoxification, the recognition of the need for help and the damages associated with the consumption of PAS were the main contributions of psychiatric hospitalizations. Regarding the treatment offered by CPSCad, there was greater acceptance when compared to hospitalizations. The difficulty of abstinence, and displeasure with some activities and with the approaches during the care attendance were the greatest challenges experienced in the service, as for their contributions, they consider it and acquisition of socioemotional skills. It is argued that hospitalization remains strongly characterized as punishment, isolation and control, and that only referrals, both for hospitalization and for post discharge, are configured as communication between the care devices where the study was conducted. Regarding CPSCad, the need for review and expansion of care actions in the territory is pointed out, in a network and articulated with the demands of adolescents and their families, prioritizing the protagonism of adolescents in the process of their care.
Wearables para a monitorização contínua da saúde cardiorrespiratória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Frade, Maria Cecília Moraes; Beltrame, Thomas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6097087590703304
Background: The cardiovascular health (CH) or aerobic power can be represented by maximal the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) measured during the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). However, despite the extensive clinical relevance of CH evaluation, the CPET could be interrupted before obtaining the true VO2max due to many different reasons such as the lack of motivation, in addition, it is performed only occasionally and involving the use of medical equipment that are not available to the general population and in realistic settings. Thus, this thesis is composed of 3 studies, as shown below: Study 1- Aim: To verify if supra maximum exercise testing (SMET) is reliable to confirm the VO2max achieved during the CPET, in addition to using different equipment to investigate the integrated physiological responses during peak CPET and SMET. Methods: 74 volunteers of both sexes were evaluated, aged between 19 and 72 years, and with different levels of maximum aerobic power. They performed the CPET with incremental protocol followed by SMET with constant load at 110% of the peak workload of the CPET, both tests were performed on a cycle ergometer and interrupted by maximum volitional fatigue. During both tests the metabolic and ventilatory variables were collected, by the metabolic system, in addition, the cardiovascular variables were measured, by an electrocardiography and photoplethysmography system. Results: There is no significant difference between VO2max in CPET and SMET. While there were statically significant differences between the metabolic, ventilatory, and cardiovascular variables during the peak of CPET and SMET. Conclusion: The SMET at 110% of CPET workload should be reliable to confirm true VO2max reached during CPET, in just one day, with different integrated responses of metabolic, ventilatory, and cardiovascular variables. Study 2- Aim: To evaluate the prediction of CH using artificial intelligence (AI) methods from data obtained by wearable technologies, in addition to using an explainable method of AI to investigate how CH can be estimated from the longitudinal signals acquired by wearables during activities of daily living (ADLs). Methods: 43 volunteers of both sexes were evaluated, aged between 19 and 72 years, and with different levels of aerobic power. The first stage consisted of the evaluation of the CH by CPET with incremental protocol. The second stage was performed in non-supervised environments to collect the longitudinal data (for 7 days) with a smart shirt with three embedded sensors. Finally, the last stage was the training of AI algorithms to predict the CH in addition to the use of an explanatory method. Results: There is a positive, strong and statistically significant correlation between the VO2max measured during CPET and that predicted by AI techniques. The most important inputs were age, heart rate, hip acceleration, weight and height (considering the Hemodynamic and Anthropometric domains) used to predict VO2max, using the explainable models. Conclusion: The VO2max can be predicted by wearable technologies associated with AI, by a support vector machine. Explanatory models were used to extract clinical insights from these predictions. Study 3- Aim: To verify the correlation between the biological and accelerometry variables from a wearable system during different intensities and the CH, in addition, to verifying the differences in biological responses in front of the different intensities of ADLs. Methods: 43 volunteers of both sexes, aged between 19 and 72 years, and with different levels of aerobic power The stages 1 and 2 were conducted as the same as described before in Study 2. Finally, the last stage was the stratification of three free ADLs intensities: low, moderate, and vigorous. Results: Biological and accelerometry data during unsupervised vigorous-intensity ADLs correlated with CH. There are statistically significant differences between the intensities for these variables. Conclusion: The biological and environmental data from a wearable system is related to CH during unsupervised vigorous-intensity ADLs. General Conclusions: Therefore, it was possible to confirm the true CH in a single laboratory visit by an SMET at 110% of the CPET workload. Furthermore, it was possible to predict the CH using two AI models and with an explanatory method. In addition, the CH was correlated with vigorous-intensity ADLs. All these findings were performed in a population with a broad spectrum of maximum aerobic power (VO2max).
A igualdade de gênero na ciência brasileira: um estudo da ocupação feminina nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Região Sudeste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Rocha, Etiene Siqueira; Pedro, Wilson José Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1846482205412825
Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Studies encompass feminist epistemology that is dedicated to the debate on the impact of gender relations in the production of scientific knowledge mainly. In this sense, the main purpose of this study was to trace female participation in S&T, through a study at the Institutos Federais Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IF) in the Southeast region of the country from 2008 to 2020. It bases the discussion on the need for (re)existence of public policies for gender equality in S&T outlined since 2004. The specific purposes are to characterize the women who make up the teaching and administrative staff at the IF; to map the participation of women in the administrative and academic management of the IF; to observe the female representation in the research groups and scientific journals of the IF; analyze the academic production of professors holding the IF; to verify the performance of the academic community of the IF from the perspective of gender issues; and looking at female aging in IF, paying attention to factors that may be decisive for their permanence in these spaces. For that, a documental analysis of primary and secondary information sources of public character produced by the Federal Government was carried out, as well as a bibliometric analysis of the academic production of the professors who are professors of the IF. The study pointed out that, throughout the analyzed period, women in the IF were mainly white young women and the increase observed in the number of women present in the IF are still underrepresented in some scientific areas and have made little progress. in positions of greater prominence and academic success. It was also possible to observe that they are a minority in the editorial bodies of journals, with the female participation in scientific committees being less unequal. The professors' academic production indicated a preference for proceeding as well as for the collaborative work that was established with both IF colleagues and external researchers with emphasis on Southeast Region institutions. As for the research groups led by women, it was possible to verify that the figure of the 2nd leader was composed of women, as well as the composition of the groups was equal. It was possible to identify numerous actions focused on the debate of asymmetries in S&T and on the promotion of gender equality in the Southeast Region, with emphasis on the number of activities at the IFSP and IFRJ. However, the IFSULMG, despite the wide academic production, did not present activities focused on gender issues in S&T. The proposed study contributed to the area by bringing light to the participation of women who help in the formation and teaching of S&T in the country. That said, it can be considered that the incorporation of a gender perspective is essential for a change in the S&T paradigm, making scientific and technological knowledge free from gender bias and androcentrism.
Adolescência e divulgação não consensual de imagens íntimas: um estudo exploratório a partir de registros digitais de ocorrência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Luca, Lucas Azzis Ferreira de; Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-8575; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9544805511851927; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-7073
Sexting consists of sending intimate images to third parties and its practice has been adopted as a mean of expression of sexuality mediated by digital technological resources, including by adolescents. However, such conduct imply in some risks, mainly because the Non-Consensual Disclosure of Intimate Images (NCDII) of the people involved can occur, which can impact the individual's mental health and even lead to suicide. Based on these arguments, the aim of this study was to characterize, through the reported cases available in a police station, victims, suspects and complaints alluding to the non-consensual disclosure of intimate images of adolescents. The research was qualitative, documental, exploratory-descriptive and cross-sectional. A documentary analysis of digital reported was carried out in a Women's Defense Police Station (DDM), located in a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The period analyzed encompassed to the reported cases of a period of approximately 12 years and the fieldwork was carried out in seven complementary stages. Initially, 22734 records were analyzed and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 occurrences remained. In terms of the variables analyzed through the document, three dimensions were included: i) characteristics of the victim; ii) characteristics of the suspect; iii) characterization of the complaint. The findings showed that most victims were female adolescents, self-declared as white and, in most cases, were 13 or 14 years old when their intimate images were released. The alleged aggressors, in turn, were male in most of the documents analyzed, although occurrences were also identified in which the images had been shared by female friends of the adolescents. Attention was drawn to the fact that most of the documents did not present data that allow the identification of the alleged aggressors, which may imply in the difficulty of holding accountable for the violence committed. In addition, it was found that only one complaint was forwarded to the justice system, which suggests that cases of NCDII involving adolescents were not properly investigated. These findings are partially consistent with the international literature, but also pointed out to specificities of the Brazilian reality that deserve further investigation in the future.
Biofortificação agronômica de rúcula (Eruca sativa Miller.) com ferro em cultivo hidropônico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Ceccherini, Guilherme José; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192036018907086
Arugula is the second most cultivated leafy vegetable in the NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) hydroponic system, as it guarantees greater productivity, shorter cultivation cycle and greater efficiency in the use of water and fertilizers. Biofortification is a technique that aims to enrich the edible parts of agricultural products with micronutrients in the parts used for plant consumption. Biofortification, for example, with iron is a way to minimize anemia. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of iron doses on the biofortification of two arugula varieties in a hydroponic system, in the winter and summer period. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with a factorial of 4 doses of chelated iron (EDDHA) (T1=1.8; T2=3.6; T3=5.4 and T4=7.2 g 1000L-1 ) x 2 arugula cultivars (V1= Astro and V2= Roka), with four replications. Agronomic evaluations of plant diameter, number of leaves, plant height, root length, root and shoot fresh mass, root and shoot dry mass, productivity and iron accumulation in shoots and roots were carried out, in addition to instrumental analysis of leaf area, total chlorophyll index and colorimetric analysis. Only the fresh root mass was equal to the statistics performed. Iron accumulation in roots was considerably higher than in leaf tissue, about 10-20 times higher. Therefore, in the winter period, Astro at the dose of 3.6 mg 1,000L-1 and Roka, in the summer period of the treatment, 7.2 mg 1,000L-1 , were the ones that showed the highest translocation and accumulation of Fe in the edible part.
Ensino de topografias variadas do mando por informação “Quando?” em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-27) Brassolatti, Isabella Marino; Miguel, Caio F; Cortez, Mariéle Diniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8990262015182120; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-4618
Recent studies have been developing procedures for teaching complex verbal operants to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), such as mands for information. However, the literature evaluating procedures for the acquisition of the mand “When?”, which can be evoked by a variety of stimuli correlated with delayed access to reinforcers, is still scarce. The present study aimed to replicate and extend the study by Landa, Hansen and Shillingsburg (2017), using the same experimental task to teach children with autism the mand for information “When?”, including a new type of trial and teaching of specific topographies (names of items) varied from this type of mand. Three boys with autism participated in the study and were exposed to experimental trials in which, after issuing a mand for an item highly preferred by the participant (e.g. “Can I play with the tablet?”), access to the item was denied by the experimenter. (e.g., “Not now”), with the aim of creating motivation for issuing the mand based on the information in question. After going through the Baseline and Training conditions, the three participants learned the mand for information topographies taught in a few teaching sessions (from eight to eleven), which were issued only during the Establishment Operation Present (OEP) type trials, and not during the other types of control trials (Establishment Operation Absent – OEA and free access – AL, the latter being inserted only for two of the three participants). Two participants showed variability in the independent responses presented. However, for two participants, it was necessary to provide tips for issuing mands for itens, which significantly influenced the teaching of the skill.