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Participação da rafe bulbar na regulação da temperatura corporal em ave precoce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-30) Silva, Caroline Cristina; Bícego, Kênia Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6987381269659614
Numerous evidences in rodents indicate that caudal brain regions, such as the raphe, are involved in the activation of production effectors (tremor-dependent and tremor-independent thermogenesis) and conservation (peripheral vasoconstriction) of thermal energy. On the other hand, in birds, which had an evolutionary trajectory for acquiring endothermy totally separate from mammals, this scenario of neural regulation of body temperature is not clear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the participation of medullary raphe in the activation of thermoeffectors of cold (thermogenesis and peripheral vasoconstriction) and heat (dry and evaporative heat loss) in chicks in the first week of post-hatch life. For this, body temperature, oxygen consumption (thermogenic index), pulmonary ventilation (thermal tachypnea to heat or hyperpnea to cold) and dry heat loss index (from skin temperature) were measured in animals with inhibition and activation of rafe and subjected to cold (26°C), heat (36°C) or neutral environment (31°C). Inhibitions and activations were performed with local microinjection of GABA and NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists. And the results indicated the existence of glutamatergic and GABAergic excitatory influences on the medullary raphe of chicks modulating thermogenesis, and glutamatergic stimulation preventing tachypnea, without having any role in the defense responses to heat. Since the raphe is the main serotonergic region of the brain, the participation of serotonergic neurons in this region in the thermoeffector responses of chicks exposed to cold and heat was also verified. However, analysis of the activation of chick medullary raphe neurons showed that they are activated in the cold (increased expression of c-Fos) and are involved in thermogenesis, but do not appear to be those that synthesize serotonin, since a low percentage of neurons serotonergics expressed c-Fos and there was no effect of serotonergic neuron-specific injury on thermoeffector activity. In addition to serotonergic neurons, the medullary raphe of chicks was also shown to have GABAergic neurons, and the lesion of these neurons affected Tc, O2 consumption, and influenced the ventilatory pattern under cold and thermoneutral conditions. Thus, the results indicate that, unlike in mammals, the modulation of thermogenic and ventilatory responses to cold by medullary raphe in chicken chicks does not involve serotonergic neurons. Among other phenotypes of neurons possibly involved in this neural modulation, we evidence a role for GABAergic raphe neurons. Such results open a new perspective related to the neural regulation of body temperature in endothermic vertebrates.
“Mulher serve pra tudo...”?: O feminino nas vozes de mulheres de diferentes gerações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-30) Gaudenci, Anna Giulia Coppe; Silva, Vanda Aparecida da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9920701759600807; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9583151837567400
This work aims to understand the dynamics of interpersonal relationships experienced by women and other people from different family nuclei, and, thus, bring their views on their bodies and the female, from the transmission of knowledge between generations. It is intended to understand how the construction of gender identities from the family nuclei takes place, considering “gender” as a social and historical construction and of education for the female as a learning process. From this, the intention is to bring elements about the different origins and different traditions and cultures that women translate through memories. It is concluded from the research that the perceptible cultural changes from one generation to the other point to the possibility of establishing more democratic and egalitarian relationships between women. Therefore, the method used was the collection of oral reports, through semi-structured interviews, with 10 women belonging to three different family groups and from different generations: granddaughters, daughters, grandparents and great-grandparents.
Influência da gestão de casos em um programa de prevenção de quedas para idosos nas variáveis funcionais: estudo clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-30) Alberto, Silsam Napolitano; Ansai, Juliana Hotta; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1028110691131464; Gramani-Say, Karina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735164229967719
Advances in technological, economic and health conditions have increased the life expectancy of human beings. Currently, the number of older adults is approximately 1 billion worldwide according to the World Health Organization. One of the major concerns of the older population is the falls risk. In Brazil, the prevalence of falls in 2017 ranged from 10% to 35% in older people living in urban areas. Falls generate high expenses for public and private health systems; have harmful consequences for the physical and mental health of the older adults, such as fractures, injuries, injuries, psychological consequences, such as fear of falling again, loss of confidence and social isolation, in addition to institutionalization, increase in emergency room visits and long-term hospitalizations. Case management seeks to identify the problems and conditions that can change for the older adults individually in order to meet the needs found, this model of care associated with the health care plan is able to offer physical, psychological and social assistance that goes beyond the traditional models of health care. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the influence of case management applied to a fall prevention program in order to reduce the risk of new episodes of falls in the older adults. The dissertation was divided into two studies. Study 1 “A Case Management Program at Home to Reduce Fall Risk in Older Fallers: a Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol (Magic Study)”. Objectives: to describe the protocol used in a single-center, parallel-group (Intervention Group and Control Group) and single-blind (evaluators) randomized clinical trial involving a case management-based fall prevention program for older adults who had suffered 2 or more falls in the last 12 years. months. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults will be volunteers and will perform an initial assessment by video call and will be randomly allocated into one of 2 groups: intervention group or control group, volunteers from the intervention group will be invited to participate in the 16-week intervention with physical activity and management risk factors for falls at home by telephone and video calls, the volunteers in the control group will maintain their usual routine, after 16 weeks all will be reassessed by video call. Results: To date, 52 older adults have been recruited for the study. Study 2 “Influence of case management in a fall prevention program for the older people on functional variables: Randomized Clinical Study”. Objectives: To assess the effects of a case management-based fall prevention program on postural balance, functional capacity, presence and sites of pain, falls risk, and risk for osteoporotic fractures over the next 10 years in community-dwelling older adults who suffered 2 or more falls in the last 12 months. Methods: Sixty-two community-dwelling older adults volunteers underwent an initial assessment by video call, after which they were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups: intervention group or control group, volunteers from the intervention group were invited to participate in the 16-week intervention with physical activity and management of risk factors for falls at home by telephone and video calls, the volunteers in the control group maintained their usual routine, after 16 weeks all were reassessed by video call. The evaluators were blinded to the randomization and allocation of volunteers in the groups. Results: There were significant differences after the intervention in the improvement of functional capacity and balance evaluated by the Up and Go Test in the Control group. There were no other significant differences in balance, functional capacity and lower limb strength and in the presence of pain among the volunteers. Conclusion: The association of case management in a program for the prevention of falls in older adults fallers in the community did not present significant results in the functional variables, but it was important for the characterization of pain and fracture probability for the next 10 years in this population.
Lean UX Research: um framework para pesquisa em design construtivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-30) Ferreira, Vinícius Afonso Raimundo; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9434475545998260
Constructive Design Research (CDR) aims to produce design knowledge through experimentation and debate within the academic community about the process of designing and evaluating an artifact. However, many studies in this area neglect important details when reporting the methodology and procedures used, as well as the context and justifications for the decisions made in both design and evaluation, negatively affecting the contribution of these studies in a theoretical and practical sense. This neglect is due to the lack of structure, clarity, and objectivity of the documentation. In this context, this Ph.D. thesis proposes a framework called Lean UX Research, composed of a process model associated with a set of guidelines that help the production of scientific knowledge through more focused design research with an artifact and a more concise and structured CDR. This framework extends the Lean UX methodology, an iterative process of creating, validating, and reflecting on prototypes to find a solution to complex problems based on agile methods. Thus, the model and guidelines allow researchers to situate themselves in the CDR, selecting the most appropriate methods and tools at each stage. The formalization of this framework involved a broad literature review of design processes and design research, and agile methods applied in design and documentation to be grounded in the theory and state of the art of existing practices. To evaluate the framework, an inspection by experts was carried out, which resulted in its refinement, establishing a methodological framework that supports design and research equally, while avoiding unnecessary documentation. Thus, as a product of better documentation of the design research process, it is possible to build and refine theories, methods, and tools. Furthermore, the adoption of research programs in this framework will allow research to progress in a more linear way, consolidating Design as a discipline and a research practice.
Sexting e divulgação não consensual de imagens intimas na adolescência: inovações metodológicas e processos de resiliência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-30) Muniz, Haryadny Kamylla Macedo; Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9489980020335145
The expression sexting is used to denote activities that involve sending text messages, images and videos with sexual content and/or intimate images. Although the practice of sexting is a contemporary expression of sexuality and does not represent, a priori, a risk factor for the development of adolescents, there are risk factors associated with its practice. The exposure of intimate images in a non-consensual way appears as one that brings suffering to the lives of children, who are mostly women. As it is a dangerous phenomenon, images of intimate exhibition complexes with teenagers can be delivered. This occurs, between the difficulties of access for the victims and the possibility of re-victimization of the adolescents, which can be verified on the coerced with research teams. Based on these findings, this dissertation was organized into two articles. In Article 1, we study how adolescents are themes presented in a collection of com, especially in data studies that involve sensitive data, a research modality that involves the collection of adolescents in digital format. In important hypotheses, it is known that as video platforms, teenagers were allowed to share their stories in the way they felt most appropriate and convenient. Some of the teenagers were informed this time for the first time that they had addressed the matter publicly. The fact that teenagers have the opportunity to edit the videos is also relevant, as it allows them to reflect on the content they produce and share what they really want, exercising a leading role. Also, by recording the videos in spaces they choose and feel, they enable spontaneity and authenticity, the fundamental requirements in research. In Article 2, we sought to analyze protective factors and nearby resilience processes in adolescents who had images released in a non-consensual manner. For this, videos of teenagers residing in Brazil and the United States were selected who had their intimate images released without consent and who voluntarily published their reports on an online video platform. This was a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive case study, based on a multiple study. After defining the reports of teenagers presented on the YouTube platform, 15 videos were selected, 9 videos with reports of teenagers in the United States and 6 videos of residents in the United States and 6 videos of residents in Brazil. Data was analyzed using computer techniques. 3 topics were reported in Article 2, namely: (i) Interfaces between and protection; (ii) “This made me who I am”: Resilience Processes experienced by adolescents; (iii) ‘No face, no story’: Protagonism and Harm Reduction Recommendations. Both articles are released and disseminated for the scientific advancement produced in the area.
Capacidade resistente de vigas mistas parcialmente revestidas formadas por perfil celular e laje alveolar em piso de pequena altura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-30) Pereira Júnior, Sineval Esteves; Nardin, Silvana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5587716781980132; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8974099697366621
The slim floor systems are characterized by partially encased beam, usually asymmetrical steel profile, configuring a partially encased composite beam. This research aims to evaluate the structural behavior of partially encased composite beams with concrete hollow core slabs and steel cellular profile, under flexural condition. The main aspects evaluated were the flexural strength and failure modes. Numerical modeling of 46 partially encased composite beams under bending tests was developed in ABAQUS® software. Numerical models and procedures were validated from experimental tests of partially encased composite beams in slim floor systems published by several researchers. The main parameters evaluated were the diameter of the reinforcing bars, steel web and flange thicknesses, diameter and number of web openings in cellular profile, concrete topping thickness and the width of the slab. The numerical study revealed the contribution of reinforcing bar in the resistance of the steel-concrete shear connection and consequent increase of the bending resistance. The increase of the steel web and flanges thickness resulted in a significant increase in the strength capacity of the composite beam and reduced values of web thickness compromise the section capacity. The increase in the width of the slab and concrete topping thickness, the composite section presented increased strength and stiffness. Increasing the diameter of the web openings significantly reduced the stiffness and strength of the composite beam. In addition to the numerical program, an initial analytical model was developed to determine the bending moment. The results of the numerical analysis were compared with the equation proposed to determine the bending moment. The analytical model demonstrated coherence and satisfactory correlation with numerical results, and efficiency of the infill concrete in circular openings in the encased steel beam as a shear connector.