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O trabalho do professor de Sala de Recursos e o ensino não presencial no Brasil (2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31) Lima, Alyne Cristine Domene Martins de; Orlando, Rosimeire Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2548737733711413
This study proposes to identify and analyze how the work of the teacher in the resource room happened, observing the limits and possibilities in the context of the physical distancing in the year of 2020, when, due to the COVID-19, infectious disease that spread through different continents in a very short amount of time, and following the general orientations of the Opinion 05/2020, it was assured to the target students of the Special Education the non-presential teaching. This way, the study was guided by the question: how was the resource room teacher's work organized and applied during the non-presential teaching in the year 2020? Seeking to answer the research problem, it was developed with the general objective: identify and analyze the organization and the teacher's work functioning in the resource room in the basic education of the Brazilian public system in the year of 2020. Also, as specific objectives: a) identify and analyze official national documents and external directions that guided the non-presential teaching in this year; b) characterize the proposals for the work of the resource room in the non-presential teaching; c) point and analyze the proposal of non-presential teaching, in the year 2020, in the teachers' pedagogical practice in the resource room. The present research, of qualitative character, is characterized as a descriptive study. The data collection happened from an online questionnaire with open and closed questions. From the participation of 55 resource room teachers who acted in the non-presential teaching in 2020, it was possible to identify three axes of analysis. 1) planning and digital resources – formation for the non-presential teaching; 2) the contact with the students: the family participation; 3) the resource room teacher's work articulation along with the common teaching teachers and school management. The results of this study showed that the shortage of resources, the lack of internet access and formation to use these resources, on the teachers’ side and also on the students’ families’ side, could be characterized as disadvantage factors for the resource room teacher's work development. The results also highlighted that the articulation with the families (support) and the common teaching teachers highly contributed to the resource room teacher's work durin the emergency teaching model.
Análise do desempenho de máscaras na retenção de nanopartículas de acordo com as normas técnicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31) Pereira, Tayanna Cristina Passos; Lima, Bruno de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8754392911364716; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194466219284215
In early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a disease known as COVID-19 that caused a worldwide pandemic. As a result, there was an increase in the demand for PPE (masks, aprons, gown, etc.) in the hospital environment. With the growing alarming numbers of infected around the world, WHO recommended that the population also wear masks for their protection, increasing the consumption of this PPE, leading to a shortage of masks in the world market. Within this context, the understanding of the difference between the types of masks and the standards that exist on the characterization of these is very important. Thus, the present work objectives to study the current standards (American, European and Brazilian) and propose improvements in the characterizations of filtering materials. Therefore, this work consists of seeking innovation in the development of protocols to characterize masks. Eight masks were tested, six surgical masks and two respirators, to assess the best way to characterize them. The tests were: determination of permeability, fiber diameter through SEM images, particle filtration efficiency and pressure drop (breathability). These last two tests are carried out using the current standards as a basis. Some changes were made to evaluate the interference in the tests. The combination of filtration efficiency and breathability is very important for the quality of the mask. The permeability tests were consistent with the pressure drop tests, since the mask that obtained the highest permeability was the one with the lowest pressure drop. The results obtained by all surgical masks did not accomplish desired results by the standards, in any test condition. Only the respirators presented results close to what is stipulated by the standard (95%) at the lowest surface speed tested (6,51 cm/s). The standards do not use the correct conditions for the tests, since tests should be performed at speeds that simulate human respiratory activity. An example of this is the fact that the current Brazilian Standard and the American Standard allow a wide range in face velocity (0,5 to 25 cm/s) that do not represent any human activity, since the speed of a sneeze can vary between 20 and 50 m/s, that is, at least 100 times higher than the maximum limit proposed by the standard. The breathing of a person at rest is around 6 L/min. Thus, an ideal flow rate for performing the tests would be flows close to this value. In this work, tests were performed, following the standards, using the flow rate of 7 L/min and the masks did not present good performance, with the best result being close to 56% efficiency in the collection of particles of 100 nm. This low performance can be related to the size of the particles that the tests were carried out, because surgical masks are recommended for use against droplet-transmitted pathogens and respirators (PFF) are indicated for diseases transmitted by aerosols. And since the test was performed for 100 nm particles (aerosols) the surgical masks performed poorly. In general, this work made it possible to evaluate parameters that directly interfere with the results of the tests that are proposed by the technical standards for surgical masks. Concluding that the tests must be reviewed and define better parameters (concentration of aerosol particles, particle size, test flow rate, test area or surface velocity) and define the equipment that must be used according to the counting and classification efficiency of the particles.
Serviços ecossistêmicos de um agroecossistema gerido por uma comunidade de matriz africana: o exemplo Ylê Axé de Yansã
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31) Fernandes, Emmanuélly Maria de Souza; Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de; Sebastiani, Renata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716; Sais, Adriana Cavalieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6412905392717570
Candomblé, the Afro-Brazilian religion, has in Nature its main form of expression; it is the basis of the material, spiritual and religious existence of traditional African-based communities. Thus, in this work, the object of study was the ability to provide ecosystem services of a rural property managed by the Ylê Axé de Yansã community, whose management values harmonious coexistence, conservation and rational use of natural resources. The management of agroecosystems, in its complexity, involves aspects that relate to the natural and social spheres, which influences the provision of ecosystem services. In this sense, the traditions of traditional African-based communities can bring new possibilities for the handling of agroecosystems and the consequent offer of provision, support, regulation and cultural services. In the complex context of Candomblé, where the unity of the human being in the natural environment prevails, plants have an important symbolic value, therefore, in addition to presenting an essential ritualistic role, they help in the characterization of the sacred that promotes the maintenance of their traditions and customs. Chapter 1 assesses the sustainability and ability to provide ecosystem services of the subsystems of a plot managed by traditional African-based community, guardians of Nature, preserve natural resources, value biodiversity, which increases the multiplicity of services offered in each system. And in chapter 2 an ethnobotanical survey was carried out, where the floristic structure of Ylê was discussed, relating the plant diversity used in a wide variety of rites, being this diversity the result of an intense and continuous process of preservation by the community.
The rainbow business (does not) wants you: um estudo sobre políticas organizacionais de inclusão de trabalhadores LGBTs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31) Juliani, Rafael Paulino; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6883107639714357
Notwithstanding the psychosocial exclusion practices of LGBT workers (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders) from the world of work, verified to the present day, there is a counter-hegemonic movement of inclusion, through few, but significant, actions from international organizations, public authorities and even by the private sector. Despite the prejudices and violations experienced at work by LGBT people, this is still represented by them as a tool and means to overcome some barriers and assert themselves as social subjects. Faced with the paradox of pain and delight of being "LGBTWorkers" and at the same time there is also a growing and even active search for workers who do not fit the heteronormative standards to compose the staff of large organizations, there is a need to better understand the existence (or not) of correspondences between the values of the management system, expressed by the business discourse, and the organizational practices of the referred companies. This research aimed to evaluate how, in fact, the inclusion policies for LGBT workers, practiced by an organization that, avowedly, positions itself as inclusive and diverse are implemented. I adopted a qualitative method and carried out a case study, through direct observations, semi-structured interviews and survey of official documents. The information obtained from the field was analyzed through triangulation and made it possible to verify that the company studied, in fact, did not have diversity policies concretely implemented. It carried out few and punctual awareness actions to minimize tensions between LGBT workers and other workers, however, without setting real inclusion goals, mainly, for transgender people. a Corporate Social Hypocrisy, in the form of Rainbow Washing.