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O trabalho do professor de Sala de Recursos e o ensino não presencial no Brasil (2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31)
Lima, Alyne Cristine Domene Martins de
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2548737733711413
This study proposes to identify and analyze how the work of the teacher in the resource room happened, observing the limits and possibilities in the context of the physical distancing in the year of 2020, when, due to the COVID-19, infectious disease that spread through different continents in a very short amount of time, and following the general orientations of the Opinion 05/2020, it was assured to the target students of the Special Education the non-presential teaching. This way, the study was guided by the question: how was the resource room teacher's work organized and applied during the non-presential teaching in the year 2020? Seeking to answer the research problem, it was developed with the general objective: identify and analyze the organization and the teacher's work functioning in the resource room in the basic education of the Brazilian public system in the year of 2020. Also, as specific objectives: a) identify and analyze official national documents and external directions that guided the non-presential teaching in this year; b) characterize the proposals for the work of the resource room in the non-presential teaching; c) point and analyze the proposal of non-presential teaching, in the year 2020, in the teachers' pedagogical practice in the resource room. The present research, of qualitative character, is characterized as a descriptive study. The data collection happened from an online questionnaire with open and closed questions. From the participation of 55 resource room teachers who acted in the non-presential teaching in 2020, it was possible to identify three axes of analysis. 1) planning and digital resources – formation for the non-presential teaching; 2) the contact with the students: the family participation; 3) the resource room teacher's work articulation along with the common teaching teachers and school management. The results of this study showed that the shortage of resources, the lack of internet access and formation to use these resources, on the teachers’ side and also on the students’ families’ side, could be characterized as disadvantage factors for the resource room teacher's work development. The results also highlighted that the articulation with the families (support) and the common teaching teachers highly contributed to the resource room teacher's work durin the emergency teaching model.
The rainbow business (does not) wants you: um estudo sobre políticas organizacionais de inclusão de trabalhadores LGBTs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31)
Juliani, Rafael Paulino
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6883107639714357
Notwithstanding the psychosocial exclusion practices of LGBT workers (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders) from the world of work, verified to the present day, there is a counter-hegemonic movement of inclusion, through few, but significant, actions from international organizations, public authorities and even by the private sector. Despite the prejudices and violations experienced at work by LGBT people, this is still represented by them as a tool and means to overcome some barriers and assert themselves as social subjects. Faced with the paradox of pain and delight of being "LGBTWorkers" and at the same time there is also a growing and even active search for workers who do not fit the heteronormative standards to compose the staff of large organizations, there is a need to better understand the existence (or not) of correspondences between the values of the management system, expressed by the business discourse, and the organizational practices of the referred companies. This research aimed to evaluate how, in fact, the inclusion policies for LGBT workers, practiced by an organization that, avowedly, positions itself as inclusive and diverse are implemented. I adopted a qualitative method and carried out a case study, through direct observations, semi-structured interviews and survey of official documents. The information obtained from the field was analyzed through triangulation and made it possible to verify that the company studied, in fact, did not have diversity policies concretely implemented. It carried out few and punctual awareness actions to minimize tensions between LGBT workers and other workers, however, without setting real inclusion goals, mainly, for transgender people. a Corporate Social Hypocrisy, in the form of Rainbow Washing.
Serviços ecossistêmicos de um agroecossistema gerido por uma comunidade de matriz africana: o exemplo Ylê Axé de Yansã
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31)
Fernandes, Emmanuélly Maria de Souza
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Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de
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Sebastiani, Renata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716
Candomblé, the Afro-Brazilian religion, has in Nature its main form of expression; it is the basis of the material, spiritual and religious existence of traditional African-based communities. Thus, in this work, the object of study was the ability to provide ecosystem services of a rural property managed by the Ylê Axé de Yansã community, whose management values harmonious coexistence, conservation and rational use of natural resources. The management of agroecosystems, in its complexity, involves aspects that relate to the natural and social spheres, which influences the provision of ecosystem services. In this sense, the traditions of traditional African-based communities can bring new possibilities for the handling of agroecosystems and the consequent offer of provision, support, regulation and cultural services. In the complex context of Candomblé, where the unity of the human being in the natural environment prevails, plants have an important symbolic value, therefore, in addition to presenting an essential ritualistic role, they help in the characterization of the sacred that promotes the maintenance of their traditions and customs. Chapter 1 assesses the sustainability and ability to provide ecosystem services of the subsystems of a plot managed by traditional African-based community, guardians of Nature, preserve natural resources, value biodiversity, which increases the multiplicity of services offered in each system. And in chapter 2 an ethnobotanical survey was carried out, where the floristic structure of Ylê was discussed, relating the plant diversity used in a wide variety of rites, being this diversity the result of an intense and continuous process of preservation by the community.
Análise do desempenho de máscaras na retenção de nanopartículas de acordo com as normas técnicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-05-31)
Pereira, Tayanna Cristina Passos
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Lima, Bruno de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8754392911364716
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
In early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a disease known as COVID-19 that caused a worldwide pandemic. As a result, there was an increase in the demand for PPE (masks, aprons, gown, etc.) in the hospital environment. With the growing alarming numbers of infected around the world, WHO recommended that the population also wear masks for their protection, increasing the consumption of this PPE, leading to a shortage of masks in the world market. Within this context, the understanding of the difference between the types of masks and the standards that exist on the characterization of these is very important. Thus, the present work objectives to study the current standards (American, European and Brazilian) and propose improvements in the characterizations of filtering materials. Therefore, this work consists of seeking innovation in the development of protocols to characterize masks. Eight masks were tested, six surgical masks and two respirators, to assess the best way to characterize them. The tests were: determination of permeability, fiber diameter through SEM images, particle filtration efficiency and pressure drop (breathability). These last two tests are carried out using the current standards as a basis. Some changes were made to evaluate the interference in the tests. The combination of filtration efficiency and breathability is very important for the quality of the mask. The permeability tests were consistent with the pressure drop tests, since the mask that obtained the highest permeability was the one with the lowest pressure drop. The results obtained by all surgical masks did not accomplish desired results by the standards, in any test condition. Only the respirators presented results close to what is stipulated by the standard (95%) at the lowest surface speed tested (6,51 cm/s). The standards do not use the correct conditions for the tests, since tests should be performed at speeds that simulate human respiratory activity. An example of this is the fact that the current Brazilian Standard and the American Standard allow a wide range in face velocity (0,5 to 25 cm/s) that do not represent any human activity, since the speed of a sneeze can vary between 20 and 50 m/s, that is, at least 100 times higher than the maximum limit proposed by the standard. The breathing of a person at rest is around 6 L/min. Thus, an ideal flow rate for performing the tests would be flows close to this value. In this work, tests were performed, following the standards, using the flow rate of 7 L/min and the masks did not present good performance, with the best result being close to 56% efficiency in the collection of particles of 100 nm. This low performance can be related to the size of the particles that the tests were carried out, because surgical masks are recommended for use against droplet-transmitted pathogens and respirators (PFF) are indicated for diseases transmitted by aerosols. And since the test was performed for 100 nm particles (aerosols) the surgical masks performed poorly. In general, this work made it possible to evaluate parameters that directly interfere with the results of the tests that are proposed by the technical standards for surgical masks. Concluding that the tests must be reviewed and define better parameters (concentration of aerosol particles, particle size, test flow rate, test area or surface velocity) and define the equipment that must be used according to the counting and classification efficiency of the particles.
Política de educação especial no Brasil, Moçambique e Portugal: ações governamentais entre 2008 e 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-01)
Vinente, Samuel
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Galvani, Márcia Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6866106661255961
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-746X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9897424792722413
Brazil, Mozambique and Portugal are part of the Community of Portuguese speaking Countries (CPLP). They have several general cooperation agreements that involve their educational systems and seek to ensure the educational right and the universalization of education. It is in this context that the present thesis had as its general objective to analyze the programs and government actions in Special Education implemented in Brazil, from 2008 to 2022. The thesis was structured in two studies. The first study aimed to analyze the concepts of Special Education, adopted in the official documents and describe the target audience served by the programs and government actions of these countries. The second study aimed to identify educational programs and government actions implemented for people with disabilities in Brazil and analyze the actions of the Ministry of Education for the implementation of government programs in Special Education. The two described studies were conducted through a qualitative approach, anchored in the documentary research technique. As instruments, in Studies one and two, a Documentary Analysis Protocol was used in Special Education Policies and in the second study, a semi-structured interview script, applied to two representatives of the Ministry of Education. Data from Study one were compiled, described and analyzed based on the Comparative Politics. The data from study two were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by judges, using Thematic Analysis (TA). According to Study One, the results indicated different organizational forms of pedagogical work in Special Education, cultural and political specificities of the different countries. It was possible to verify that the terminologies adopted in the official documents are similar, and the policies, programs and actions were built during this period from the international guidelines of multilateral organizations. The Study is a progressive period that culminated in the reflection of Special Education policies, programs and activities. Such programs and actions began to legally define a type of public to be served, different services and spaces for offering Specialized Educational Assistance. In recent years, after sudden political-economic reforms, Special Education policies began to more explicitly the logic of the market and capital in defining their guidelines and principles. These effects culminated in the publication and subsequent suspension of the legal effects of the National Policy on Special Education: Equitable, Inclusive and Lifelong Learning.
O uso da internet como ferramenta educativa para a conservação da fauna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-01)
Gomes, Thayllon Orzechowsky
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São Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9117924758130265
The social medias have gained more and more prominence and importance in the academic environment, being used as a primary source of data or in scientific communication, environmental education (EE), and citizen science initiatives. However, the range and real impact of these initiatives on the public are still unknown. To verify the potential of social networks as a tool for wildlife conservation, an analysis of conservationist profiles present on Facebook and Instagram was carried out. We evaluated their engagement metrics, characterized a sample of their audience and identified the impact of their posts. The data were obtained through active data mining and the application of a structured questionnaire. 201 people who follow the conservationist profiles answered the characterization questionnaire. We found that a very specific portion of the Brazilian population follows the profiles, this portion being composed of young, white, female people with a high level of education. We also observed that more than half of the public sample has a direct relationship with environmental areas. When evaluating the engagement metrics of the profiles, we observed that they have low interaction with the public when compared to the total number of followers. In addition, we observed that video posts had great potential to reach more people. In the present study, almost all the participants (97%; N = 194) stated that the publications made by the conservationist profiles were already responsible for new knowledge or for changing their perception of biodiversity. The data presented here corroborate the importance that social media have in today's society and demonstrate that they can be an important ally for the conservation of biodiversity, but the reach of posts to a very limited audience is a problem to be overcome.
Satã-Griô: relatos dos caminhos e encruzilhadas na vida de um corpo negro-resistência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-02)
Rodrigues, Fernanda Brito
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Souza, Geraldo Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7163911454636820
The present research has as general objective to analyze the ways of survival and work of the subject João Francisco dos Santos, the Madame Satã during his life. Through documentary and bibliographic research, it is possible to seek the voice of Satan in the first person, so that he can tell us about his paths, supported by his interviews and his autobiography. From this path, the research questions arise: “How can a subject like João, black, ex-enslaved, living in the then federal capital, build his survival through work?” and “What possibilities can there be for a black, illiterate and marginalized body to tell their own story?”, from which arises the hypothesis of Satã-Griô, the teller of his own story. Satã, at the crossroads of life in the face of structural racism, gains space within his human condition in the search for dignity, and becomes a rogue, cook and artist. From the observation, deep and sensitive listening of this subject, we can see who the subject João was, and in what his story speaks to our history as a nation.
"Natural que seja assim": uma proposta de rede construcional das construções semi-insubordinadas do português brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-03)
Coimbra, Eder Cavalcanti
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Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4836554376319495
Semi-insubordinate constructions (SIC) are reported by Van Linden and Van de Velde (2014) as constructions formed by an initial constituent followed by a noun clause introduced by the connective ‘that’. The initial constituent acts at the level of a matrix clause and expresses an attitudinal assessment of the speaker about the propositional content of the noun clause. This dissertation presents a characterization of the forms and meanings of Brazilian Portuguese semi-insubordinate constructions (BP-SIC) and a proposal for a constructional network of these constructions, based on the analysis of corpus data. Supported by the theoretical assumptions of the Construction Grammar that constructions are conventionalized pairings of form and meaning and that syntactic structures carry meaning themselves, the present analysis seeks to confirm the hypothesis that the BP-SIC belong to a hierarchical network of semi-insubordination and share the abstract form of a schematic syntactic construction, [[X] [que] [finite noun clause]], as well as its evaluative meaning. The [X] component represents the construction’s matrix, an open slot to be filled with an evaluative adjective, noun, adverb or interjection. The connective que has its position fixed and introduces the other open slot of the clause, to be filled by any finite noun clause, carrying the evaluated content. Data collection was carried out in the Web/Dialects set of the Corpus do Português (DAVIES, 2016), a written, synchronic, morphologically annotated corpus, composed of texts from 21st century internet pages, whose portion of the Brazilian variety contains more than half a billion words. The constructions were located in the corpus via search expressions with tags of adjectives, nouns and adverbs in the initial position of the sentence (matrix position), followed by the word que. The attested combinations of form and meaning were tabled, giving rise to the groupings of the constructional network (sub-schemes). 175 types of BP-SIC were verified, counting on their different adjectival, adverbial, noun or (secondary) interjective matrices, with emphasis on adjectivals (117). Most of the matrices express non-modal evaluation, with some mirative uses and emphatic negations. Among the modal evaluation matrices, epistemic, deontic and evidential meanings are expressed.
Desenvolvimento de ferramenta para simulação de dispositivos de drenagem urbana sustentável utilizando eventos de chuva característicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-03)
Gonçalves, Luan Serafim Mendes
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560706054333801
Brazilian cities often suffer from floods, landslides and erosion caused by surface runoff. In order to mitigate these problems, sustainable urban drainage techniques incorporate infiltration, evapotranspiration and surface runoff retention strategies in order to mimic the pre-urbanization hydrological cycle. Therefore, the simulation of the operation of drainage techniques promotes a better understanding of the behavior of these structures, which can reflect in more efficient projects and better acceptance by the community. In this way, this work adapts, evaluates and applies the Characteristic Rain Events (CRE) methodology for selecting historical rainfall events that are statistically relevant for carrying out hydrological simulations of drainage systems. For this purpose, a computational tool capable of selecting rain events and calculating the hydrological balance of the most used sustainable drainage techniques in Brazil was developed using VBA language. Thus, through the simulation of some scenarios, using infiltration wells, infiltration trenches, rain barrels and vegetative swales it was observed that the results obtained with the proposed tool were similar to those obtained with the SWMM model and that the ECC through the application of PBIAS, NSE and RSR performance ratings.
Representação política de mulheres na Câmara Federal: processo representativo, instituições e populismo de direita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-03)
Castro, Leonardo Aires de
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Sousa Braga, Maria do Socorro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7840982484537748
Using the theoretical perspective of Feminist Institutionalism, in which institutions are structured in masculine values that creates barriers for women political representation, we aimed to study women representation in the Brazilian Federal Chamber from 2003 to 2019, analyzing political representation as an institutional process that responds to numerous incentives. We ask if the women’s presence in this institution implicates the descriptive representation and if the electoral victory of populist governments impacts the legislative production on gender issues. Our argument articulates that women’s representation is not linear, so their presence in the political arena does not necessarily translate into substantive politics and, in circumstances of right-wing populist leaders and values rises, gender agendas may be captured. Throughout the thesis we built a theoretical overview and used a mixed methodology to investigate the process of women representation in Brazil and the impact of populist governments on gender issues agenda, using comparative research between Brazil and the United States of America. We indicate that women representation in Brazil finds it difficult to be carried out at the hands of elected deputies because of institutional obstacles, given the low number of women in this arena and the structures that prevent and constrain the effectiveness of their actions. On the other hand, right-wing populist governments had a positive impact on the number of women elected, but not necessarily on the production of gender issues agenda by parliament, depending on the institutional arrangement, since in Brazil there was a negative impact and in the United States a positive impact.
Planejamento e programação da produção em um ambiente job shop com pedidos sob encomenda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-03)
Souza, Rafael Querino de
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Toso, Eli Angela Vitor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6663631731115739
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9095908703384575
Production planning and scheduling of machined-to-order parts in a job shop involves lot sizing and scheduling decisions. In this environment, there are several machines capable to execute various operations. Several ordered operations are required to transform raw material into each product and there is a possibility to produce a large number of products, which implies on machine setup and, consequently, reducing the available operational time. This study attempts to develop a model to assist in making decisions like lot sizing, allocation of operations in each machine for each lot and operations sequencing in each machine in an integrated approach in a flexible job shop environment that makes to order. The main contributions are the development and validation of mathematical model that represents the problem. Besides that, the review of production planning and scheduling models in job shop environment and the description of the problem in the case of machinery and equipment industry. Three formulations that integrate the decisions are analyzed and the one that achieves the optimal solution in the shortest time using CPLEX algorithm was chosen. Results indicate that the chosen model presents a feasible production plan and can be further applied in the machining sector. In a dynamic production environment, it might be necessary to update the production planning frequently, therefore a relax-and-fix algorithm is used to find an initial solution, which is further improved by a fix-and-optimize algorithm.
Funcionalização de 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazóis e síntese de seleno- e tioésteres por meio de reações de acoplamento carbonilativo empregando monóxido de carbono gerado ex situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-06)
Albuquerque, Danilo Yano de
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Schwab, Ricardo Samuel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6845648360120456
The use of pressurized carbon monoxide (CO) gas cylinders can lead to serious risks during their handling. Hence, the demand for safer carbonylation methods has been gradually increasing with the use of different techniques or CO-realeasing molecules. In the first chapter, we report a simple and direct palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles backbone for the incorporation of an amide functional group by employing an alternative source of carbon monoxide generated ex situ by dehydration of formic acid in sulfuric acid (Morgan’s reaction). The reaction was performed in a two-chamber system (COware) providing the synthesis of 26 compounds with yields up to 98% by using different primary amines and 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles. The methodology developed exhibited a series of advantages, such as simplicity, short reaction time, high yields, the use of dimethyl carbonate as a sustainable solvent, and the use of efficient alternative source of carbon monoxide, avoiding pressurized cylinder. The chapter 2 is focused on the development of a new catalytic protocol for the synthesis of seleno- and thioesters from a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reaction between aryl iodides and nucleophilic selenium and sulfur sources, which were obtained by in situ reductive cleavage of diorganoyl dichalcogenides with the assistance of zinc metal. This approach exhibited good functional group tolerance, allowing the synthesis of 30 compounds with yields up to 97%. Interestingly, aryl iodides carrying electron-withdrawing groups showed slower reactivity than those with electron-donating counterparts, affording the products with lower yields. For these cases, it was necessary to increase the amount of carbon monoxide to improve the reaction yield. The important features of this methodology include mild reaction conditions, the use of efficient alternative source of carbon monoxide, avoiding pressurized cylinder, and avoids the use of selenols and thiols, which are difficult-to-handle, easily oxidized, and have the unpleasant odor.
Avaliação de políticas de gestão da manutenção baseadas na mitigação de riscos considerando critérios de disponibilidade e produtividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-06)
Alonso, Samanta de Lima
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Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3808887493000428
Production systems were transformed by the advances of the Industrial Revolutions. In order to keep up with technological progress and achieve desired productivity levels, maintenance management has become a key factor for organizations. Since every production system is prone to failures in its equipment, directly impacting the reduction of manufacturing capacity, it is necessary to properly use maintenance policies to keep a system in good operating condition. In this sense, it is understood that the greater the availability of equipment, the greater the productivity of the system. Thus, the present work aims to incorporate risk mitigation applied together with the modeling and simulation of discrete events as tools to support decision-making for maintenance policies that lead to increased availability and manufacturing productivity. For this, an industrial system prone to machine failures and belongs to the public administration was analyzed. In the case studied, the proposed scenarios considered that the inclusion of preventive maintenance policies with a bimonthly or quarterly frequency projects both an increase in the Mean Time Between Failures of corrective maintenance and a reduction of the Mean Time to Repair of preventive maintenance due to the anticipation of administrative procedures previously planned. The workstations submitted to such proposals were Workstation A, Workstation B and Workstation E, defined according to the risk matrix resulting from the relationship between the Annual Frequency of Failures and the Impact of Machine Unavailability. In the case of productivity, there was a gain of 10.4% in parts of the simulated products and a gain of 6.2% in subsets. In the case of availability, there was a gain of 50% in availability in Workstation A, 62% in availability in Workstation B and 41% in availability in Workstation E. Therefore, this research fills a gap in the literature by applying the modeling and simulation of discrete events in a risk analysis approach associated with maintenance management. In this way, it was possible to develop a ranking of workstations priorities and types of failure to be included in preventive maintenance policy proposals, resulting in availability and productivity gains for the studied production system.
Autonomia docente na perspectiva do Currículo Paulista: limites e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-06)
Boni, Izabel Carolina Carriel
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-9952
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7483326475599558
Education has been working by the same mercantile logic for years, which seeks to homogenize the students, disregarding their wishes, experiences and culture. Therefore, in this work it was questioned how autonomous educators can be in their formation, so they can deviate from this path. Likewise, this work also aimed to question the State’s role in educator’s autonomy, reflecting about how public teaching materials can contribute to decreasing teaching autonomy, since it is the State’s role to produce, provide and verify if its materials are being applied. For this reason, it was made an analysis of the Currículo Paulista, a material that is used throughout the state network of the State of São Paulo, to understand its objectives and how it intends to achieve them. For this, it was developed a documental analysis based on the qualitative research method, using three parameters based on Freire's conceptions of education: epistemological protagonism; methodological freedom and authorship of the didactic material itself. Thus, it was possible to highlight how Currículo Paulista fulfills its role of maintaining the neoliberal ideology, which has shaped the state of São Paulo for years, aiming to form people ready for the job market, already docile and resigned to social injustices.
Propriedades ópticas e magneto-ópticas de monocamadas de dicalcogenetos de metais de transição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Soares Covre, Felipe
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Matos, Christiano José Santiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6843256597783676
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
Bidimensional (2D) materials are systems of great interest both from the fundamental physical point of view and for possible applications in electronics, optoelectronics and spintronics. In this thesis, the optical properties of monolayers of transition metal dicalcogenetes (TMD) grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and exfoliated were investigated. In particular, we conducted a systematic study of the optical properties of tungsten disulfide (WS2) of large area (of the order of some cm), grown by van der Waals epitaxy on a CVD system. We investigated the optical properties of these samples using macro-photoluminescence and micro-photoluminescence techniques at low temperatures. We observed that the optical emission of these samples is quite unstable in time and that this optical instability depends on the temperature and power of the laser. This effect was associated with photo-induced doping. In addition, we observed thin peaks in the region of lower energy that are promising candidates for the generation of single photons. In general, the results obtained help to gain a greater understanding of the effects of photo-doping dynamics on these systems, which is important for future applications of TMD-based devices. We also investigated biaxial stress effects on a monolayer of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/h-BN prepared by mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer technique. The sample studied has a region with a bubble of the order of 15 micrometers producing a mechanical biaxial tension of up to 1.3% in that region. We investigated the effects of tension using several experimental techniques, such as PL, magneto-PL and second harmonic generation (HGS). The results obtained showed the presence of a non-uniform tension in the sample, as well as a displacement to red in the PL peaks of the exciton and trion, when compared with the region without tension in the sample. A decrease of the trion binding energy and an increase in the g-factor of the trion and exciton in the bubble region were also observed. The results obtained are consistent with calculations of first principles performed in these systems. The results obtained present valuable information on stress effects in the properties of excitons and trions in MoSe2 monolayer and are interesting for the development of devices with controlled mechanical tension based on TMDs.
Fenomenismo no Quarto Paralogismo da Crítica da Razão Pura de I. Kant: a leitura berkeleyana do idealismo transcendental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Garcia, Ernane São João
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8150590189872500
The philosophies of Kant and Berkeley aim to refute skepticism and, for this purpose, they defend the thesis according to which the objects of our knowledge are, respectively, “representations” or “ideas”. In general, this thesis is classified in the literature as “phenomenism”. Such similarity between the position of both philosophers has led many critics to see the position of Immanuel Kant in the Fourth Paralogism of the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), a passage in which the philosopher intends to refute the “empirical idealism”, as being identical to that of the philosopher George Berkeley in the Principles (1710) and the Dialogues (1713). This reading, defended, among others, by Norman Kemp Smith, Colin M. Turbayne and James Van Cleve, conflicts with two assertions by Kant: that his transcendental idealism is “the opposite” of Berkeley's and that the Fourth Paralogism differs from the Refutation of Idealism of the second edition of the first Critique only in the way of proving. Against this Berkeleyan reading of the Fourth Paralogism, we argue that Kant's position in this passage is fundamentally different from Berkeley's. To prove our thesis, we try to determine the nature of Berkeleyan phenomenism, which was determined as an ontological phenomenism, and then to verify if Kantian phenomenism is identical to that. This was possible by the application of the distinction, presented by Kant in the Fourth Paralogism, according to which objects can be considered in two senses, the empirical and the transcendental, to the Kantian notion of “representation”, which allowed us to determine whether the Kantian concept of “representation” is or is not equivalent to the Berkeleyan concept of “idea”. As a result, we show that the Kantian conception of “representation” is radically new in the light of the philosophical tradition and that Kant's phenomenalism is an epistemic phenomenalism, being, therefore, radically different from Berkeley's ontological phenomenalism, which allows us to resolve the two problems outlined.
Análise da adoção de tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 por pequenas e médias empresas do setor de usinagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Baio Junior, Antonio Arnaldo
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Carrer, Marcelo José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5256052044490554
New information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as internet of things, wireless network sensors, mobile internet, big data, cloud computing, embedded systems, additive manufacturing and autonomous robots have been adopted by companies from different industries. This movement is treated in the literature as a fourth technological revolution, also known as “Industry 4.0”. Despite the economic, social and environmental potential benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies, the level of adoption by small and medium-sized Brazilian companies still appears to be low. This work aimed to analyze the level of adoption and compare characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of Industry 4.0 technologies. Primary data for the year 2021 were collected through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 30 small and medium-sized companies in the metallurgical sector, which operate with machining processes, in the state of São Paulo. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics measures, statistical tests to compare means/frequency and an econometric regression model. The 4.0 technologies adopted by the sample companies were: Cloud Computing (10 companies), Horizontal and Vertical Integration Systems (5 companies), Big Data (4 companies) and Industrial Internet of Things (4 companies). The comparative analysis between the characteristics of adopters and non-adopters showed that: (1) adopters have, much more frequently, employees with ICT skills and also more frequently hire ICT consulting services; (2) the use of ERP and MRP systems is much higher among companies adopting Industry 4.0 technologies; (3) adopters participate more frequently in cooperation programs with Universities, Science and Technology Institutes or Technological Research and Development Promotion Agencies; (4) companies that adopt 4.0 technologies have a greater perception of relative advantage and compatibility of these technologies. The results of the estimated econometric model corroborate the importance of the availability of skilled labor in ICTs, the prior adoption of other management technologies and the perception of compatibility of 4.0 technologies to determine the intensity in use of these technologies by the companies in the sample. The study results are consistent with the empirical literature review and with the theoretical TOE model.
Saberes de diretores sobre as dimensões da administração escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Silva, Caroline Miranda Palmieri da
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2328230255840992
This study aimed to analyze the relationship with Knowledge, according to Bernard Charlot, of school directors according to the school administration model of Benno Sander (2007), with the economic, pedagogical, political and cultural dimensions. Data were collected in 2021, through two instruments: a closed questionnaire, in a stratified sample, composed of 2882 Brazilian directors and a focus group with five mentor directors (representing the five regions of Brazil) who participated in the Mentoring Improvement Course of School Directors offered by the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). There was an intertwining between the relationship with the Knowledge of the five directors and the dimensions of Sander (2007), especially, the Knowing how to do and the relational Knowledge. The directors respond to the extent of what they experience and to analyze the relationship of a subject with Knowledge is to understand the epistemic, social and identity relationships of this being immersed in the learning process, and these dimensions are not fragmented in this process. Future studies are indicated in order to closely monitor the management of these directors in different regions of Brazil, mainly due to the diversity of Brazilian schools. It is concluded that, in Brazil, public policies need to promote democratic management, instituting forms of entry into management positions through democratic means, both in secretariats and in institutions, since it is essential that these directors can be legitimate representatives in the fight for a quality education, in addition to having more spaces in which debates take place in municipal, state and federal instances, in which more democratic and legitimate discussions are held, with the intention of thinking about a different school from the one we have today.
A formação de licenciandos e licenciandas em Química no contexto da Internet das Coisas: possibilidades e desafios emancipatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa
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Zuin, Vânia Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3858289473837461
This research dialogues with the possibilities and challenges of teacher training in Chemistry for the construction of fairer and sustainable realities, mainly, based on the comprehension of the current time in its coming into being. For this purpose, it was carried out a case study analyzing the formative experiences provided by the disciplines Introduction to Green Chemistry and Information and Communication Technologies applied to Chemistry Education – offered in the Chemistry Teacher Training course at Federal University of São Carlos as a result of curricular reformulations. Using Textual Discourse Analysis, the students' self-evaluations and the didactic sequences elaborated by them were examined, which brought up categories that represented the senses attributed to educative praxes and in which way they were (re) constructed by undergraduates. The capture of the new emerging elements resulted in the construction of four metatexts, in which it was added, when pertinent, phrases collected either from our analysis material or our class observation registers, aiming to approach the completeness of what was manifested. Based on the interfaces between STSE scientific education and Critical Theory, the disciplines fostered systemic and interdisciplinary thought, the examination and questioning of socioscientific controversies, as well as other experiences and perspectives on the teachers’ professionalization. The elaboration of the undergraduates’ proposals aimed at the active participation of the Elementary School students founded on cooperative dynamics and the representation of different voices. However, some developments evinced duality between the apprehended theory and the materialized praxis in the school space, but the process was fundamental for the undergraduates to perceive themselves as teachers, provoke, reconstruct and move on. The undergraduates' commitment and dedication to the activities were observable – except for the texts reading low engagement – which might be a reflection of the relations in digital culture. The results have also revealed the students’ need to “digitize” their experiences and actions, using digital tools in the activities without theoretical and methodological worries. That fetishization was discussed and questioned in different formative moments, including works elaborated by the undergraduates – underpinned by definite spaces and time – and, as a result, it extracted tools from the emancipatory potentialities. These research perspectives foster the comprehension of teacher training in Chemistry in the light of STSE critical scientific education. The horizons emerging from this research point to the need of looking at professionalization based on the distance between theory and praxis, with local problems and possible solutions.
Simulação física da ZTA de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex 2101 e 2404 em sistema Gleeble®: evolução microestrutural e resistência à corrosão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Kugelmeier, Cristie Luis
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4297380243023526
In this study, physical simulations of welding thermal cycles were performed to evaluate the microstructural evolution and corrosion resistance of the heat-affected zones (ZTAs) of lean duplex stainless steels (LDSSs) 2101 and 2404 using the Gleeble® thermomechanical system. The simulations were performed under two conditions: i) peak temperature of 1350 °C, dwell time of 3 seconds, cooling rates of 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10 °C/s up to 800 °C and subsequent cooling to room temperature; and ii) peak temperature of 1050 °C, dwell time of 120 seconds and cooling rates of 5 and 1 °C/s with cooling to room temperature. The results obtained show that the cooling rates of 200 to 10 °C/s caused microstructural changes with the formation of different austenite morphologies, while for the rates of 5 and 1 °C/s the microstructures were composed of ferrite and austenite phases. The cooling rates of 200 and 100 °C/s were the conditions where both materials showed the highest presence of Cr nitrides and carbides. Although the precipitation of deleterious phases occurred, the degree of Cr depletion remained below 1%, except for the 200 °C/s cooling rate of LDSS 2404. For LDSS 2101, the resistance to pitting corrosion was lower, with a narrow passive range, while LDSS 2404 showed resistance to pitting corrosion with a passive range greater than 1000 mVAg/AgCl. The results obtained for both materials showed that the precipitation of Cr nitrides and carbides did not cause significant changes in the localized corrosion behavior.