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Funcionalização de 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazóis e síntese de seleno- e tioésteres por meio de reações de acoplamento carbonilativo empregando monóxido de carbono gerado ex situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-06)
Albuquerque, Danilo Yano de
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Schwab, Ricardo Samuel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6935890756504964
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6845648360120456
The use of pressurized carbon monoxide (CO) gas cylinders can lead to serious risks during their handling. Hence, the demand for safer carbonylation methods has been gradually increasing with the use of different techniques or CO-realeasing molecules. In the first chapter, we report a simple and direct palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles backbone for the incorporation of an amide functional group by employing an alternative source of carbon monoxide generated ex situ by dehydration of formic acid in sulfuric acid (Morgan’s reaction). The reaction was performed in a two-chamber system (COware) providing the synthesis of 26 compounds with yields up to 98% by using different primary amines and 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles. The methodology developed exhibited a series of advantages, such as simplicity, short reaction time, high yields, the use of dimethyl carbonate as a sustainable solvent, and the use of efficient alternative source of carbon monoxide, avoiding pressurized cylinder. The chapter 2 is focused on the development of a new catalytic protocol for the synthesis of seleno- and thioesters from a palladium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reaction between aryl iodides and nucleophilic selenium and sulfur sources, which were obtained by in situ reductive cleavage of diorganoyl dichalcogenides with the assistance of zinc metal. This approach exhibited good functional group tolerance, allowing the synthesis of 30 compounds with yields up to 97%. Interestingly, aryl iodides carrying electron-withdrawing groups showed slower reactivity than those with electron-donating counterparts, affording the products with lower yields. For these cases, it was necessary to increase the amount of carbon monoxide to improve the reaction yield. The important features of this methodology include mild reaction conditions, the use of efficient alternative source of carbon monoxide, avoiding pressurized cylinder, and avoids the use of selenols and thiols, which are difficult-to-handle, easily oxidized, and have the unpleasant odor.
Avaliação de políticas de gestão da manutenção baseadas na mitigação de riscos considerando critérios de disponibilidade e produtividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-06)
Alonso, Samanta de Lima
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Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3808887493000428
Production systems were transformed by the advances of the Industrial Revolutions. In order to keep up with technological progress and achieve desired productivity levels, maintenance management has become a key factor for organizations. Since every production system is prone to failures in its equipment, directly impacting the reduction of manufacturing capacity, it is necessary to properly use maintenance policies to keep a system in good operating condition. In this sense, it is understood that the greater the availability of equipment, the greater the productivity of the system. Thus, the present work aims to incorporate risk mitigation applied together with the modeling and simulation of discrete events as tools to support decision-making for maintenance policies that lead to increased availability and manufacturing productivity. For this, an industrial system prone to machine failures and belongs to the public administration was analyzed. In the case studied, the proposed scenarios considered that the inclusion of preventive maintenance policies with a bimonthly or quarterly frequency projects both an increase in the Mean Time Between Failures of corrective maintenance and a reduction of the Mean Time to Repair of preventive maintenance due to the anticipation of administrative procedures previously planned. The workstations submitted to such proposals were Workstation A, Workstation B and Workstation E, defined according to the risk matrix resulting from the relationship between the Annual Frequency of Failures and the Impact of Machine Unavailability. In the case of productivity, there was a gain of 10.4% in parts of the simulated products and a gain of 6.2% in subsets. In the case of availability, there was a gain of 50% in availability in Workstation A, 62% in availability in Workstation B and 41% in availability in Workstation E. Therefore, this research fills a gap in the literature by applying the modeling and simulation of discrete events in a risk analysis approach associated with maintenance management. In this way, it was possible to develop a ranking of workstations priorities and types of failure to be included in preventive maintenance policy proposals, resulting in availability and productivity gains for the studied production system.
Autonomia docente na perspectiva do Currículo Paulista: limites e possibilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-06)
Boni, Izabel Carolina Carriel
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8915-9952
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7483326475599558
Education has been working by the same mercantile logic for years, which seeks to homogenize the students, disregarding their wishes, experiences and culture. Therefore, in this work it was questioned how autonomous educators can be in their formation, so they can deviate from this path. Likewise, this work also aimed to question the State’s role in educator’s autonomy, reflecting about how public teaching materials can contribute to decreasing teaching autonomy, since it is the State’s role to produce, provide and verify if its materials are being applied. For this reason, it was made an analysis of the Currículo Paulista, a material that is used throughout the state network of the State of São Paulo, to understand its objectives and how it intends to achieve them. For this, it was developed a documental analysis based on the qualitative research method, using three parameters based on Freire's conceptions of education: epistemological protagonism; methodological freedom and authorship of the didactic material itself. Thus, it was possible to highlight how Currículo Paulista fulfills its role of maintaining the neoliberal ideology, which has shaped the state of São Paulo for years, aiming to form people ready for the job market, already docile and resigned to social injustices.
Propriedades ópticas e magneto-ópticas de monocamadas de dicalcogenetos de metais de transição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Soares Covre, Felipe
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Matos, Christiano José Santiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6843256597783676
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
Bidimensional (2D) materials are systems of great interest both from the fundamental physical point of view and for possible applications in electronics, optoelectronics and spintronics. In this thesis, the optical properties of monolayers of transition metal dicalcogenetes (TMD) grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and exfoliated were investigated. In particular, we conducted a systematic study of the optical properties of tungsten disulfide (WS2) of large area (of the order of some cm), grown by van der Waals epitaxy on a CVD system. We investigated the optical properties of these samples using macro-photoluminescence and micro-photoluminescence techniques at low temperatures. We observed that the optical emission of these samples is quite unstable in time and that this optical instability depends on the temperature and power of the laser. This effect was associated with photo-induced doping. In addition, we observed thin peaks in the region of lower energy that are promising candidates for the generation of single photons. In general, the results obtained help to gain a greater understanding of the effects of photo-doping dynamics on these systems, which is important for future applications of TMD-based devices. We also investigated biaxial stress effects on a monolayer of molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/h-BN prepared by mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer technique. The sample studied has a region with a bubble of the order of 15 micrometers producing a mechanical biaxial tension of up to 1.3% in that region. We investigated the effects of tension using several experimental techniques, such as PL, magneto-PL and second harmonic generation (HGS). The results obtained showed the presence of a non-uniform tension in the sample, as well as a displacement to red in the PL peaks of the exciton and trion, when compared with the region without tension in the sample. A decrease of the trion binding energy and an increase in the g-factor of the trion and exciton in the bubble region were also observed. The results obtained are consistent with calculations of first principles performed in these systems. The results obtained present valuable information on stress effects in the properties of excitons and trions in MoSe2 monolayer and are interesting for the development of devices with controlled mechanical tension based on TMDs.
Fenomenismo no Quarto Paralogismo da Crítica da Razão Pura de I. Kant: a leitura berkeleyana do idealismo transcendental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Garcia, Ernane São João
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Baioni, José Eduardo Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8150590189872500
The philosophies of Kant and Berkeley aim to refute skepticism and, for this purpose, they defend the thesis according to which the objects of our knowledge are, respectively, “representations” or “ideas”. In general, this thesis is classified in the literature as “phenomenism”. Such similarity between the position of both philosophers has led many critics to see the position of Immanuel Kant in the Fourth Paralogism of the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), a passage in which the philosopher intends to refute the “empirical idealism”, as being identical to that of the philosopher George Berkeley in the Principles (1710) and the Dialogues (1713). This reading, defended, among others, by Norman Kemp Smith, Colin M. Turbayne and James Van Cleve, conflicts with two assertions by Kant: that his transcendental idealism is “the opposite” of Berkeley's and that the Fourth Paralogism differs from the Refutation of Idealism of the second edition of the first Critique only in the way of proving. Against this Berkeleyan reading of the Fourth Paralogism, we argue that Kant's position in this passage is fundamentally different from Berkeley's. To prove our thesis, we try to determine the nature of Berkeleyan phenomenism, which was determined as an ontological phenomenism, and then to verify if Kantian phenomenism is identical to that. This was possible by the application of the distinction, presented by Kant in the Fourth Paralogism, according to which objects can be considered in two senses, the empirical and the transcendental, to the Kantian notion of “representation”, which allowed us to determine whether the Kantian concept of “representation” is or is not equivalent to the Berkeleyan concept of “idea”. As a result, we show that the Kantian conception of “representation” is radically new in the light of the philosophical tradition and that Kant's phenomenalism is an epistemic phenomenalism, being, therefore, radically different from Berkeley's ontological phenomenalism, which allows us to resolve the two problems outlined.
Análise da adoção de tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 por pequenas e médias empresas do setor de usinagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Baio Junior, Antonio Arnaldo
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Carrer, Marcelo José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5256052044490554
New information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as internet of things, wireless network sensors, mobile internet, big data, cloud computing, embedded systems, additive manufacturing and autonomous robots have been adopted by companies from different industries. This movement is treated in the literature as a fourth technological revolution, also known as “Industry 4.0”. Despite the economic, social and environmental potential benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies, the level of adoption by small and medium-sized Brazilian companies still appears to be low. This work aimed to analyze the level of adoption and compare characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of Industry 4.0 technologies. Primary data for the year 2021 were collected through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 30 small and medium-sized companies in the metallurgical sector, which operate with machining processes, in the state of São Paulo. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics measures, statistical tests to compare means/frequency and an econometric regression model. The 4.0 technologies adopted by the sample companies were: Cloud Computing (10 companies), Horizontal and Vertical Integration Systems (5 companies), Big Data (4 companies) and Industrial Internet of Things (4 companies). The comparative analysis between the characteristics of adopters and non-adopters showed that: (1) adopters have, much more frequently, employees with ICT skills and also more frequently hire ICT consulting services; (2) the use of ERP and MRP systems is much higher among companies adopting Industry 4.0 technologies; (3) adopters participate more frequently in cooperation programs with Universities, Science and Technology Institutes or Technological Research and Development Promotion Agencies; (4) companies that adopt 4.0 technologies have a greater perception of relative advantage and compatibility of these technologies. The results of the estimated econometric model corroborate the importance of the availability of skilled labor in ICTs, the prior adoption of other management technologies and the perception of compatibility of 4.0 technologies to determine the intensity in use of these technologies by the companies in the sample. The study results are consistent with the empirical literature review and with the theoretical TOE model.
Saberes de diretores sobre as dimensões da administração escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-07)
Silva, Caroline Miranda Palmieri da
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2328230255840992
This study aimed to analyze the relationship with Knowledge, according to Bernard Charlot, of school directors according to the school administration model of Benno Sander (2007), with the economic, pedagogical, political and cultural dimensions. Data were collected in 2021, through two instruments: a closed questionnaire, in a stratified sample, composed of 2882 Brazilian directors and a focus group with five mentor directors (representing the five regions of Brazil) who participated in the Mentoring Improvement Course of School Directors offered by the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). There was an intertwining between the relationship with the Knowledge of the five directors and the dimensions of Sander (2007), especially, the Knowing how to do and the relational Knowledge. The directors respond to the extent of what they experience and to analyze the relationship of a subject with Knowledge is to understand the epistemic, social and identity relationships of this being immersed in the learning process, and these dimensions are not fragmented in this process. Future studies are indicated in order to closely monitor the management of these directors in different regions of Brazil, mainly due to the diversity of Brazilian schools. It is concluded that, in Brazil, public policies need to promote democratic management, instituting forms of entry into management positions through democratic means, both in secretariats and in institutions, since it is essential that these directors can be legitimate representatives in the fight for a quality education, in addition to having more spaces in which debates take place in municipal, state and federal instances, in which more democratic and legitimate discussions are held, with the intention of thinking about a different school from the one we have today.
A formação de licenciandos e licenciandas em Química no contexto da Internet das Coisas: possibilidades e desafios emancipatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa
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Zuin, Vânia Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3858289473837461
This research dialogues with the possibilities and challenges of teacher training in Chemistry for the construction of fairer and sustainable realities, mainly, based on the comprehension of the current time in its coming into being. For this purpose, it was carried out a case study analyzing the formative experiences provided by the disciplines Introduction to Green Chemistry and Information and Communication Technologies applied to Chemistry Education – offered in the Chemistry Teacher Training course at Federal University of São Carlos as a result of curricular reformulations. Using Textual Discourse Analysis, the students' self-evaluations and the didactic sequences elaborated by them were examined, which brought up categories that represented the senses attributed to educative praxes and in which way they were (re) constructed by undergraduates. The capture of the new emerging elements resulted in the construction of four metatexts, in which it was added, when pertinent, phrases collected either from our analysis material or our class observation registers, aiming to approach the completeness of what was manifested. Based on the interfaces between STSE scientific education and Critical Theory, the disciplines fostered systemic and interdisciplinary thought, the examination and questioning of socioscientific controversies, as well as other experiences and perspectives on the teachers’ professionalization. The elaboration of the undergraduates’ proposals aimed at the active participation of the Elementary School students founded on cooperative dynamics and the representation of different voices. However, some developments evinced duality between the apprehended theory and the materialized praxis in the school space, but the process was fundamental for the undergraduates to perceive themselves as teachers, provoke, reconstruct and move on. The undergraduates' commitment and dedication to the activities were observable – except for the texts reading low engagement – which might be a reflection of the relations in digital culture. The results have also revealed the students’ need to “digitize” their experiences and actions, using digital tools in the activities without theoretical and methodological worries. That fetishization was discussed and questioned in different formative moments, including works elaborated by the undergraduates – underpinned by definite spaces and time – and, as a result, it extracted tools from the emancipatory potentialities. These research perspectives foster the comprehension of teacher training in Chemistry in the light of STSE critical scientific education. The horizons emerging from this research point to the need of looking at professionalization based on the distance between theory and praxis, with local problems and possible solutions.
Simulação física da ZTA de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex 2101 e 2404 em sistema Gleeble®: evolução microestrutural e resistência à corrosão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Kugelmeier, Cristie Luis
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4297380243023526
In this study, physical simulations of welding thermal cycles were performed to evaluate the microstructural evolution and corrosion resistance of the heat-affected zones (ZTAs) of lean duplex stainless steels (LDSSs) 2101 and 2404 using the Gleeble® thermomechanical system. The simulations were performed under two conditions: i) peak temperature of 1350 °C, dwell time of 3 seconds, cooling rates of 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10 °C/s up to 800 °C and subsequent cooling to room temperature; and ii) peak temperature of 1050 °C, dwell time of 120 seconds and cooling rates of 5 and 1 °C/s with cooling to room temperature. The results obtained show that the cooling rates of 200 to 10 °C/s caused microstructural changes with the formation of different austenite morphologies, while for the rates of 5 and 1 °C/s the microstructures were composed of ferrite and austenite phases. The cooling rates of 200 and 100 °C/s were the conditions where both materials showed the highest presence of Cr nitrides and carbides. Although the precipitation of deleterious phases occurred, the degree of Cr depletion remained below 1%, except for the 200 °C/s cooling rate of LDSS 2404. For LDSS 2101, the resistance to pitting corrosion was lower, with a narrow passive range, while LDSS 2404 showed resistance to pitting corrosion with a passive range greater than 1000 mVAg/AgCl. The results obtained for both materials showed that the precipitation of Cr nitrides and carbides did not cause significant changes in the localized corrosion behavior.
“Onde a ação se une com a ideia": as batalhas de Rap em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Lima, Engel Rodrigues de
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Medeiros, Priscila Martins de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2423145587850530
In this research, I analyze sociologically the Battles of Rap and the Slams in São Carlos- SP city, with the objective of identify the social representation, narratives, tensions, contradiction and possible linguistic and symbolic negotiation that are constructed and communicated in the environment of the events. The research is based on dialogues with 5 interlocutors- Stevan, Arlequina, Curinga, Peninha e THC das Ruas- that, through the experience reports, signify and give meaning to the cultural occupation of public spaces in the city. In addition to the interview (or talk) the analysis is also based on photographs, videos, reports and music letters related to the field of research. It is worth pointing out that cultural practices of Battles of Rap and Slams are characterized in a special way by disputes, especially in verses, and are consecrated by their respective particularities in producing culture in the contemporary. That said, I search specifically: a) identify how the Battle of Raps, that occured in the São Carlos-SP city, are constructed as popular youth culture, above all on the periphery and, at the same time, as a counterculture; b) understand the construction of cultural identity in these movements, take into account their gender, sexuality, race and class cleavages; c) analyze how the public space, specially the city squares, are understood and negotiated through the structures of feeling of these movements. From a theoretical point of view, I especially use the contributions of Cultural and Post- Colonial Studies. In general lines, the research demonstrates, through the experience reports of these subjects, the plurality of cultural forms that emerge in the Diaspora, able of articulate the creative agency of individuals and movements that speak of struggle, resistance, emancipation and, at the same time, disputes strategic positions in the cultural hegemony of the city. In this sense, this movement (re)places the agency bringing the past and writing another reading of the past in the present, pointing to a future that is not programmatic or metatheoretical, but concerned with solving everyday battles. Therefore, the research, by placing the experience and black creative agency at the center of the analysis, reveals with power, the ways of thinking about black cultures, cultural identity and belonging in the Diaspora.
Controle de vibrações induzidas pelo vento por alteração do padrão superficial em uma viga cantilever
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Paladini, Andre Luis Aguiar
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Franco, Vitor Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4590258470207467
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4939459137809627
In the present work, the study of an aeroelastic problem referring to cantilever beams with surface notches exposed to wind is presented, as well as a design of a control system whose purpose is to maintain a desired vibration level for one of the beams, by the action of a bulkhead in exposing its carved surface, given the variation in wind speed. For this purpose, 17 types of surface were proposed and compared, through an analysis of structural dynamics via experimental impact tests and theoretical models validated by their tests, in order to determine the purely structural influence related to the presence of each type of notch on the surface. Next, the beams were subjected to an experiment in which an aerodynamic excitation was provided by a centrifugal fan capable of controlling the wind speed. Thus, the vibration for each beam was measured and compared in terms of their RMS values associated with the vibration signal power, as well as the power distributions along the frequency band. In this way, the beam with superficial notches with the highest RMS value was selected and subjected to a new test, which had a bulkhead that gradually covered a portion of its surface, in fixed distance steps. In this experiment, the same analyzes regarding the power and its RMS values were performed, however, by varying the bulkhead positions and the wind speed. A function that correlates the RMS values with the wind speed and the instantaneous position of the bulkhead was obtained from the interpolation of the results in order to contribute to the control system plant model, which also relied on the results of the analysis of structural dynamics. With the plant model determined, a control system was designed based on two PID controllers in cascade, with a loop to control the position of the actuation system, referring to the position of the bulkhead, and another, to control the vibration levels, given an RMS value. The results for the control system were simulated computationally, with the help of MatLab® and Simulink®, and responses were obtained that stabilized themselves around the reference value, given the variation in wind speed. It was concluded that, by obtaining theoretical and experimental information about the proposed aeroelastic problem, it was possible to carry out an application of the studied concepts by the design of a control system capable to stabilize the vibration levels of a cantilever beam.
Métodos de detecção de mudança de uso e cobertura do solo para monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Germano, Aline Delfino
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5739783500252918
Forest monitoring is currently indispensable for environmental planning. Through it, it is possible to detect and spatialize changes in land use and cover, becoming a tool for decision-making. In this context, the general objective of the study was to evaluate change detection methods (DM), which support the identification of changes in land use and cover in agricultural landscapes. The study was carried out in the Sarapuí river basin (SP, Brazil), using images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites, in four different years. Three DM methods were evaluated, being them by normalized vegetation index (DMNDVI), by direct image difference (DMDID) and by change vector analysis (AVM), with and without radiometric and atmospheric corrections. Subsequently, a supervised classification of objects was performed and the respective DM thresholds were obtained. It was verified, using the Z test, that the methods differ statistically, except when the methods with and without correction are compared. Therefore, to define the most appropriate method, the methods were qualified by false positives and false negatives, and the DMNDVI presented better results. With the delimited areas of change, the intersection with the current use and land cover and with the priority areas for forest conservation in the study area was carried out. It was found that in the last thirty years, 22% of the total area of the basin suffered, at some point, changes in its use and soil cover, and in about 6.14% of its total area there was an increase in vegetation and in 15.97% loss of this coverage. In general, it is concluded that the DMNDVI method presents better results, helping in the decision-making process to identify areas for the payment of environmental services, that is, indicating areas where there was a gain in vegetation
Bayesian inference for term structure models
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Martins, Thomas Correa e Silva
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Diniz, Márcio Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8948404469003829
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Montoril, Michel Helcias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9993502064983663
We explore recent advances in Bayesian methods in order to estimate the Vasicek, CIR and dynamic Nelson-Siegel (DNS) models for term structure of interest rates. The models are specified as state space time series. The main goal of this work is assessing and comparing the forecasting abilities of each model with respect to the observed data via mean absolute error. When estimated with synthetic simulated datasets, the models are able to successfully recover the latent vectors. As for the forecasting abilities, the multifactor models generally deliver the best predictions. The relevance of this work lies in integrating novel computational techniques for Bayesian inference with canonical models from the field of financial economics. Several aspects of both fields are discussed throughout the text.
Gestão democrática participativa: uma análise sobre os saberes dos diretores escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Silva, Rita de Cássia Rosa da
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7073133148661446
La discusión sobre la gestión escolar, en la actualidad, ha sido realizada por diferentes académicos, con el foco en la democratización y autonomía escolar, así como en lograr una educación de calidad para sus estudiantes. A partir de esta premisa, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los saberes de los directores de escuela en relación a la gestión democrática y participativa. Para ello, se analizó la participación de directores de escuela que participaron en el curso de formación para directores mentores de 10 estados brasileños, realizado en alianza entre la Universidad Federal de São Carlos y la Secretaría de Educación Básica del Ministerio de Educación. La base teórica se basa en el conocimiento de los directores de escuela, en la perspectiva de la teoría de la Relación con el Conocimiento de Bernard Charlot (2000). La metodología utilizada fue la investigación cualitativa con enfoque exploratorio, a partir del análisis de las actividades reflexivas realizadas por estos directores de escuela, en el recorte de una de las salas temáticas del curso, basado en la metodología de investigación de Charlot. Se concluyó que los directores encuestados tenían dificultad para llevar definiciones y acciones sobre el colegiado de la escuela, y sus declaraciones eran contradictorias, eligiendo el colegiado ya sea como un "brazo derecho", a veces como un espacio burocrático de acciones que "nadie quiere participar" . Estas contradicciones revelan que el director se encuentra ante la necesidad de trabajar con órganos colegiados y no sabe cómo hacerlo. Estos no entienden efectivamente lo que sería el colegiado, cuáles serían sus funciones, sus roles dentro de la escuela. Con la necesidad de aprender de la posición social objetiva de ser director, los órganos colegiados se han convertido en un tema que amerita una mirada específica para comprender su funcionamiento, y con eso, el director tiene la posibilidad de presentar su posición social subjetiva, porque es desde su posición en el rol de director que la participación de la comunidad en la toma de decisiones de la escuela puede ser efectiva o mantenerse sólo como una presencia física. Es desde la posición social subjetiva del director de la escuela que su gestión se vuelve democrática, rompiendo con un autoritarismo aún presente en su identificación o perpetuando este autoritarismo. Por el contrario, como se ha hecho, significa tener una participación que dificulta la efectividad de la gestión democrática participativa, ya que los sujetos forman parte del colegiado, pero no son participantes activos, produciéndose así efectos negativos por la pasividad de los mismos. del grupo, y trayendo limitaciones a las tomas, decisiones y resoluciones ante los desafíos y dificultades escolares.
Conhecimento de graduandos em enfermagem e enfermeiros sobre o programa de gerenciamento de antimicrobianos (PGA): construção e validação de instrumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Simões, Lilian Isabel
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9710019972212048
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-8439
Antimicrobials (ATM), a class of medicines that save countless lives, over the years have started to be used on a large scale and often in an indiscriminate and unnecessary way, contributing to microbial resistance (MR) and becoming a serious health problem. global health. One of the strategies developed to combat MR was the creation of the Antimicrobial Management Program (PGA), emphasizing the improvement of control mechanisms for the use of ATM. The inclusion of nurses in a clear, articulated way and with well-defined functions is still incipient in the PGA, pointing to more specific training and training needs on the subject for these professionals. The production of measurement instruments that collaborate with this process is essential. Objective: Develop and validate an instrument to measure the knowledge of nursing students and nurses about the PGA. Method: Methodological study with a quantitative approach. The instrument was developed based on international consensus guidelines, organized into four domains: infection prevention and control; diagnosis of infection and use of antimicrobials; clinical practice of nurses and person-centered care and interprofessional practice on the topic.Content validation was carried out by twelve expert judges who analyzed the instrument for clarity and relevance, using a 4-point Likert scale. Items with a content validity index ≥ 0.80 were considered valid. To evaluate each domain, an agreement rate above 80% was considered adequate. After this stage, the pre-test was carried out with 31 nursing students and nurses. Results: The initial instrument contained 31 questions and upon validation by judges, 12 items underwent wording changes, one item was added (domain 1), one item was unified (domain 2) and two items were deleted (domain 3 and 4). In the pre-test, seven items were rewritten in order to facilitate understanding and not be a confusing factor. The final instrument consisted of 30 dichotomous questions. Conclusion: The tool developed was validated and is available for use in different health care scenarios, being able to measure knowledge prior to and subsequent to educational interventions, being highly effective for use in training students and updating nurses on the topic. Keywords: Surveys and questionnaires; antimicrobial management; nurses and nurses; nursing students; infection control; validation study
Discursos de docentes do Ciclo II: currículo oficial da secretaria da educação do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Gomes, Anderson Severiano
;
Luiz, Maria Cecília
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4585911694992127
In 2017, the city of São Paulo updated – in a process of curricular reorientation – the City Curriculum, based on the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). The questions that drive this investigation are related to the questions: how do teachers in a multidimensional city like São Paulo, in disparate and complex territories, develop, or even recognize the Curriculum (which already has ready and established didactic material, with goals, evaluations, etc.)? Does this official curriculum meet teachers' expectations? What are your views on the changes implemented in the City Curriculum? Thus, the object of this study is related to the discourses of teachers, and the objective of this qualitative research is to analyze, under the Foucauldian perspective, how the discourses of teachers of Elementary School Final Years in the city of São Paulo, act on the official curriculum by implementing in 2017.As a methodological procedure, we intend to carry out an investigation of an exploratory nature, using methodological instruments such as: closed questionnaire - for an approximate universe of 100 teachers who work in the final years and from these results submit them to the IRaMuTeQ software (R Interface for Multidimensional Analysis of Texts and Questionnaires) with the purpose of starting a mapping of the statements and feeding the focal points of discussions; focus group with six teachers at each meeting (three meetings for each focus group); and, a focus group with semi-structured interviews with technicians from the Municipal Department of Education (SME/SP).The set of official discourses and teachers' discourse becomes curricular content and a logical aspect, and this junction builds the curriculum in public schools. As a result of this study, it is expected to know better the official curriculum implementing from 2017 the City of São Paulo; to go through the Foucaultian field on discourse analysis; identify if there is parrhesia and this we will identify as a gambiarra not in the pejorative sense linked to the term, but as innovation from the action of the teachers in performing their "courage in speaking truth", as their cunning and also if they announce forms of creation, resistance and otherness of teachers in the face of this curriculum, understanding the existing power relations, from their historical conception, to their effectiveness in practice, in the various territories of the city.
Influência da adição de tensoativos em redes de sílica para adsorção de corantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Buzato, Gabriel Vinicius
;
Souza, Adriano Lopes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671885302437668
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1667637380565889
Synthetic dyes, normally used industrially, when discarded incorrectly can cause damage to the environment and human life, inhibiting the passage of light in water bodies and hindering the photosynthesis of plants and algae in the aquatic environment. There are several studies with materials capable of adsorbing these harmful compounds, such as carbon nanotubes, but few with silica xerogels modified with surfactants. The adsorption capacity of silica xerogels against methyl orange and crystal violet dyes and the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants incorporated into the xerogels in the adsorption process were evaluated here. To identify the bonds present in the materials, absorption spectroscopy was used in the infrared region with Fourier transform. For analysis of the pore diameter distribution, the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method was used through Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor dye adsorption. The adsorptions of the dyes indicated a better fit to the pseudo-second order kinetic model with a determination coefficient greater than 0.90. The experimental data fit better to the nonlinear model of Langmuir with a qmax value of 25.8 mg g-1 for the adsorption of crystal violet by the SDS-modified silica xerogel and 25.54 mg g-1 for the adsorption of methyl orange by the CTAB-modified silica xerogel. It was important to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of silica xerogels, as these are low-cost materials and could be used to remove toxic compounds from industrial effluents.
Nomeação em crianças pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Aniceto, Gabriela
;
Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1200796633285284
The gap left by Skinner's lack of analysis of listener behavior in 1957 led researchers to study listener behavior, its development and its role in verbal behavior. Considering the role of listener as a requirement for the acquisition and maintenance of speaker behavior, it seems essential to study listener behavior as a condition to explain verbal behavior. Therefore, this thesis was divided into two studies. Study 1 was a conceptual work whose objectives were i) to map and characterize the Theory of Naming, analyzing its developments in relation to its conceptual and empirical aspects and its theoretical and empirical limitations and ii) to present and discuss the advances brought in the Theory of Development of Verbal Behavior, in relation to the Theory of Naming. Study 2 was a case study of a 27-month-old child at risk for language development according to the Denver II Developmental Screening Test. The participant was exposed to a teaching procedure structured in MEI with the objective of verifying the emission of the echoing behavior and of selecting for the emergence of naming, relating the child's performance in the teaching procedure with the data collected by the Denver II Test. It is concluded that future studies can use verbal landmarks and their prerequisites to identify the behaviors installed in the children's repertoire and, thus, from this point onwards to the proposition of child development programs that aim at the teaching/emergence of naming. . In addition, future empirical studies can verify the behaviors of imitation and generalized imitation before exposing children to the structured teaching procedure in MEI, so that the operants in rotation are in accordance with the skills already identified and to be taught for emergence of appointment.
Ecologia ecossistêmica de florestas tropicais: aplicações na restauração e proteção florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Maure, Lucas Andrigo
;
Hasui, Erica
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0180729641204176
;
Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221
Forest protection and restoration have been singled out as major solutions to stem the biggest environmental crises of our time: the loss of biodiversity and climate change. However, deciding which sites are appropriate and priority for protection and restoration is not an easy task. Thus, this thesis proposes an ecosystem approach to substantiate such decisions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In the first chapter, we tested the effect of environmental predictors on the resilience and stability of early second-growth forests. Thus, we predict the spatial distribution of both ecosystem parameters to locate areas with ecosystem potential for forest restoration. In the second chapter, we test the effect of environmental predictors on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution, we aim to find priority areas for forest protection and management with a focus on conservation of large numbers of species and carbon density. In the third chapter, we test the effect of climate on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution based on current and future climate, we locate areas of gain and loss of forest stability as a result of climate change. While areas of gain have great potential, areas of loss of stability are a priority for forest protection and restoration aiming at the future conservation of species and carbon stocks. The results of this thesis shed light on decisions related to conservation of species and carbon stocks through an ecosystem view of their habitats.
Os intelectuais públicos negros e o processo de democratização da política brasileira (1985-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Weber, Patrícia Amorim
;
Medeiros, Priscila Martins de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7940270138195017
This research aims to analyze the role of black public intellectuals in the process of democratization in Brazil. In more specific terms, we will seek to respond to the following objectives: a) map and analyze the main political positions of black brazilian intellectuals in the debates on three political moments: National Constituent Assembly; law 10,639/2003 and affirmative actions for higher education; b) based on these positions, analyze what were the meanings of democracy conferred by them; c) analyze the meaning and consequences of the institutionalization of the racial relations agenda for the country's democratization process; d) analyze the public role of these intellectuals in the light of contemporary conceptions of black intellectuality. In methodological terms, we used Content Analysis to interpret the data collected through bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews. In addition, we rely on theoretical contributions from Cultural and Post-Colonial Studies. Briefly, the profile of the black public intellectual can be defined as one who argues that there is an intrinsic relationship between theory and politics. From this assumption, they engage politically in public spaces with the aim of fighting for the full insertion of black people in the democratic system, guaranteeing their basic rights as citizens. We could notice that the contribution of these intellectuals to the Brazilian democratization process took place, in general, in two aspects: 1) the first concerns political intervention in public spaces, by participating in and organizing demonstrations and/or being part of government positions; or even by occupying universities, creating research groups and strengthening public policies of racial equality within these spaces; 2) the second concerns the construction of an awareness of the role of blacks in Brazilian social formation. In this second point, by proposing another epistemological and ontological perspective, these intellectuals expanded the meaning of democracy. In this interpretation, the collective becomes an intrinsic value to democratic thinking and social movements become primary actors in the construction and maintenance of a substantially egalitarian society. Here, culture and aesthetics, in addition to socioeconomic issues, are seen as important political tools, therefore, becoming necessary when dealing with civil rights. In their methodologies, these intellectuals go beyond national borders, bringing a diasporic perspective to the analysis. Thus, they provide us with another sociological interpretation of Brazil, having as one of the central elements the criticism of the racialization process and the inequalities resulting from it. Thus, in general, they defend the proposition of a democracy that does not face difference in a hierarchical way.