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A formação de licenciandos e licenciandas em Química no contexto da Internet das Coisas: possibilidades e desafios emancipatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa
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Zuin, Vânia Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3858289473837461
This research dialogues with the possibilities and challenges of teacher training in Chemistry for the construction of fairer and sustainable realities, mainly, based on the comprehension of the current time in its coming into being. For this purpose, it was carried out a case study analyzing the formative experiences provided by the disciplines Introduction to Green Chemistry and Information and Communication Technologies applied to Chemistry Education – offered in the Chemistry Teacher Training course at Federal University of São Carlos as a result of curricular reformulations. Using Textual Discourse Analysis, the students' self-evaluations and the didactic sequences elaborated by them were examined, which brought up categories that represented the senses attributed to educative praxes and in which way they were (re) constructed by undergraduates. The capture of the new emerging elements resulted in the construction of four metatexts, in which it was added, when pertinent, phrases collected either from our analysis material or our class observation registers, aiming to approach the completeness of what was manifested. Based on the interfaces between STSE scientific education and Critical Theory, the disciplines fostered systemic and interdisciplinary thought, the examination and questioning of socioscientific controversies, as well as other experiences and perspectives on the teachers’ professionalization. The elaboration of the undergraduates’ proposals aimed at the active participation of the Elementary School students founded on cooperative dynamics and the representation of different voices. However, some developments evinced duality between the apprehended theory and the materialized praxis in the school space, but the process was fundamental for the undergraduates to perceive themselves as teachers, provoke, reconstruct and move on. The undergraduates' commitment and dedication to the activities were observable – except for the texts reading low engagement – which might be a reflection of the relations in digital culture. The results have also revealed the students’ need to “digitize” their experiences and actions, using digital tools in the activities without theoretical and methodological worries. That fetishization was discussed and questioned in different formative moments, including works elaborated by the undergraduates – underpinned by definite spaces and time – and, as a result, it extracted tools from the emancipatory potentialities. These research perspectives foster the comprehension of teacher training in Chemistry in the light of STSE critical scientific education. The horizons emerging from this research point to the need of looking at professionalization based on the distance between theory and praxis, with local problems and possible solutions.
Simulação física da ZTA de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex 2101 e 2404 em sistema Gleeble®: evolução microestrutural e resistência à corrosão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Kugelmeier, Cristie Luis
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4297380243023526
In this study, physical simulations of welding thermal cycles were performed to evaluate the microstructural evolution and corrosion resistance of the heat-affected zones (ZTAs) of lean duplex stainless steels (LDSSs) 2101 and 2404 using the Gleeble® thermomechanical system. The simulations were performed under two conditions: i) peak temperature of 1350 °C, dwell time of 3 seconds, cooling rates of 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10 °C/s up to 800 °C and subsequent cooling to room temperature; and ii) peak temperature of 1050 °C, dwell time of 120 seconds and cooling rates of 5 and 1 °C/s with cooling to room temperature. The results obtained show that the cooling rates of 200 to 10 °C/s caused microstructural changes with the formation of different austenite morphologies, while for the rates of 5 and 1 °C/s the microstructures were composed of ferrite and austenite phases. The cooling rates of 200 and 100 °C/s were the conditions where both materials showed the highest presence of Cr nitrides and carbides. Although the precipitation of deleterious phases occurred, the degree of Cr depletion remained below 1%, except for the 200 °C/s cooling rate of LDSS 2404. For LDSS 2101, the resistance to pitting corrosion was lower, with a narrow passive range, while LDSS 2404 showed resistance to pitting corrosion with a passive range greater than 1000 mVAg/AgCl. The results obtained for both materials showed that the precipitation of Cr nitrides and carbides did not cause significant changes in the localized corrosion behavior.
“Onde a ação se une com a ideia": as batalhas de Rap em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-08)
Lima, Engel Rodrigues de
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Medeiros, Priscila Martins de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2423145587850530
In this research, I analyze sociologically the Battles of Rap and the Slams in São Carlos- SP city, with the objective of identify the social representation, narratives, tensions, contradiction and possible linguistic and symbolic negotiation that are constructed and communicated in the environment of the events. The research is based on dialogues with 5 interlocutors- Stevan, Arlequina, Curinga, Peninha e THC das Ruas- that, through the experience reports, signify and give meaning to the cultural occupation of public spaces in the city. In addition to the interview (or talk) the analysis is also based on photographs, videos, reports and music letters related to the field of research. It is worth pointing out that cultural practices of Battles of Rap and Slams are characterized in a special way by disputes, especially in verses, and are consecrated by their respective particularities in producing culture in the contemporary. That said, I search specifically: a) identify how the Battle of Raps, that occured in the São Carlos-SP city, are constructed as popular youth culture, above all on the periphery and, at the same time, as a counterculture; b) understand the construction of cultural identity in these movements, take into account their gender, sexuality, race and class cleavages; c) analyze how the public space, specially the city squares, are understood and negotiated through the structures of feeling of these movements. From a theoretical point of view, I especially use the contributions of Cultural and Post- Colonial Studies. In general lines, the research demonstrates, through the experience reports of these subjects, the plurality of cultural forms that emerge in the Diaspora, able of articulate the creative agency of individuals and movements that speak of struggle, resistance, emancipation and, at the same time, disputes strategic positions in the cultural hegemony of the city. In this sense, this movement (re)places the agency bringing the past and writing another reading of the past in the present, pointing to a future that is not programmatic or metatheoretical, but concerned with solving everyday battles. Therefore, the research, by placing the experience and black creative agency at the center of the analysis, reveals with power, the ways of thinking about black cultures, cultural identity and belonging in the Diaspora.
Controle de vibrações induzidas pelo vento por alteração do padrão superficial em uma viga cantilever
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Paladini, Andre Luis Aguiar
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Franco, Vitor Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4590258470207467
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4939459137809627
In the present work, the study of an aeroelastic problem referring to cantilever beams with surface notches exposed to wind is presented, as well as a design of a control system whose purpose is to maintain a desired vibration level for one of the beams, by the action of a bulkhead in exposing its carved surface, given the variation in wind speed. For this purpose, 17 types of surface were proposed and compared, through an analysis of structural dynamics via experimental impact tests and theoretical models validated by their tests, in order to determine the purely structural influence related to the presence of each type of notch on the surface. Next, the beams were subjected to an experiment in which an aerodynamic excitation was provided by a centrifugal fan capable of controlling the wind speed. Thus, the vibration for each beam was measured and compared in terms of their RMS values associated with the vibration signal power, as well as the power distributions along the frequency band. In this way, the beam with superficial notches with the highest RMS value was selected and subjected to a new test, which had a bulkhead that gradually covered a portion of its surface, in fixed distance steps. In this experiment, the same analyzes regarding the power and its RMS values were performed, however, by varying the bulkhead positions and the wind speed. A function that correlates the RMS values with the wind speed and the instantaneous position of the bulkhead was obtained from the interpolation of the results in order to contribute to the control system plant model, which also relied on the results of the analysis of structural dynamics. With the plant model determined, a control system was designed based on two PID controllers in cascade, with a loop to control the position of the actuation system, referring to the position of the bulkhead, and another, to control the vibration levels, given an RMS value. The results for the control system were simulated computationally, with the help of MatLab® and Simulink®, and responses were obtained that stabilized themselves around the reference value, given the variation in wind speed. It was concluded that, by obtaining theoretical and experimental information about the proposed aeroelastic problem, it was possible to carry out an application of the studied concepts by the design of a control system capable to stabilize the vibration levels of a cantilever beam.
Métodos de detecção de mudança de uso e cobertura do solo para monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Germano, Aline Delfino
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5739783500252918
Forest monitoring is currently indispensable for environmental planning. Through it, it is possible to detect and spatialize changes in land use and cover, becoming a tool for decision-making. In this context, the general objective of the study was to evaluate change detection methods (DM), which support the identification of changes in land use and cover in agricultural landscapes. The study was carried out in the Sarapuí river basin (SP, Brazil), using images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites, in four different years. Three DM methods were evaluated, being them by normalized vegetation index (DMNDVI), by direct image difference (DMDID) and by change vector analysis (AVM), with and without radiometric and atmospheric corrections. Subsequently, a supervised classification of objects was performed and the respective DM thresholds were obtained. It was verified, using the Z test, that the methods differ statistically, except when the methods with and without correction are compared. Therefore, to define the most appropriate method, the methods were qualified by false positives and false negatives, and the DMNDVI presented better results. With the delimited areas of change, the intersection with the current use and land cover and with the priority areas for forest conservation in the study area was carried out. It was found that in the last thirty years, 22% of the total area of the basin suffered, at some point, changes in its use and soil cover, and in about 6.14% of its total area there was an increase in vegetation and in 15.97% loss of this coverage. In general, it is concluded that the DMNDVI method presents better results, helping in the decision-making process to identify areas for the payment of environmental services, that is, indicating areas where there was a gain in vegetation
Bayesian inference for term structure models
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Martins, Thomas Correa e Silva
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Diniz, Márcio Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8948404469003829
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Montoril, Michel Helcias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9993502064983663
We explore recent advances in Bayesian methods in order to estimate the Vasicek, CIR and dynamic Nelson-Siegel (DNS) models for term structure of interest rates. The models are specified as state space time series. The main goal of this work is assessing and comparing the forecasting abilities of each model with respect to the observed data via mean absolute error. When estimated with synthetic simulated datasets, the models are able to successfully recover the latent vectors. As for the forecasting abilities, the multifactor models generally deliver the best predictions. The relevance of this work lies in integrating novel computational techniques for Bayesian inference with canonical models from the field of financial economics. Several aspects of both fields are discussed throughout the text.
Gestão democrática participativa: uma análise sobre os saberes dos diretores escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-09)
Silva, Rita de Cássia Rosa da
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7073133148661446
La discusión sobre la gestión escolar, en la actualidad, ha sido realizada por diferentes académicos, con el foco en la democratización y autonomía escolar, así como en lograr una educación de calidad para sus estudiantes. A partir de esta premisa, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los saberes de los directores de escuela en relación a la gestión democrática y participativa. Para ello, se analizó la participación de directores de escuela que participaron en el curso de formación para directores mentores de 10 estados brasileños, realizado en alianza entre la Universidad Federal de São Carlos y la Secretaría de Educación Básica del Ministerio de Educación. La base teórica se basa en el conocimiento de los directores de escuela, en la perspectiva de la teoría de la Relación con el Conocimiento de Bernard Charlot (2000). La metodología utilizada fue la investigación cualitativa con enfoque exploratorio, a partir del análisis de las actividades reflexivas realizadas por estos directores de escuela, en el recorte de una de las salas temáticas del curso, basado en la metodología de investigación de Charlot. Se concluyó que los directores encuestados tenían dificultad para llevar definiciones y acciones sobre el colegiado de la escuela, y sus declaraciones eran contradictorias, eligiendo el colegiado ya sea como un "brazo derecho", a veces como un espacio burocrático de acciones que "nadie quiere participar" . Estas contradicciones revelan que el director se encuentra ante la necesidad de trabajar con órganos colegiados y no sabe cómo hacerlo. Estos no entienden efectivamente lo que sería el colegiado, cuáles serían sus funciones, sus roles dentro de la escuela. Con la necesidad de aprender de la posición social objetiva de ser director, los órganos colegiados se han convertido en un tema que amerita una mirada específica para comprender su funcionamiento, y con eso, el director tiene la posibilidad de presentar su posición social subjetiva, porque es desde su posición en el rol de director que la participación de la comunidad en la toma de decisiones de la escuela puede ser efectiva o mantenerse sólo como una presencia física. Es desde la posición social subjetiva del director de la escuela que su gestión se vuelve democrática, rompiendo con un autoritarismo aún presente en su identificación o perpetuando este autoritarismo. Por el contrario, como se ha hecho, significa tener una participación que dificulta la efectividad de la gestión democrática participativa, ya que los sujetos forman parte del colegiado, pero no son participantes activos, produciéndose así efectos negativos por la pasividad de los mismos. del grupo, y trayendo limitaciones a las tomas, decisiones y resoluciones ante los desafíos y dificultades escolares.
Conhecimento de graduandos em enfermagem e enfermeiros sobre o programa de gerenciamento de antimicrobianos (PGA): construção e validação de instrumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Simões, Lilian Isabel
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9710019972212048
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-8439
Antimicrobials (ATM), a class of medicines that save countless lives, over the years have started to be used on a large scale and often in an indiscriminate and unnecessary way, contributing to microbial resistance (MR) and becoming a serious health problem. global health. One of the strategies developed to combat MR was the creation of the Antimicrobial Management Program (PGA), emphasizing the improvement of control mechanisms for the use of ATM. The inclusion of nurses in a clear, articulated way and with well-defined functions is still incipient in the PGA, pointing to more specific training and training needs on the subject for these professionals. The production of measurement instruments that collaborate with this process is essential. Objective: Develop and validate an instrument to measure the knowledge of nursing students and nurses about the PGA. Method: Methodological study with a quantitative approach. The instrument was developed based on international consensus guidelines, organized into four domains: infection prevention and control; diagnosis of infection and use of antimicrobials; clinical practice of nurses and person-centered care and interprofessional practice on the topic.Content validation was carried out by twelve expert judges who analyzed the instrument for clarity and relevance, using a 4-point Likert scale. Items with a content validity index ≥ 0.80 were considered valid. To evaluate each domain, an agreement rate above 80% was considered adequate. After this stage, the pre-test was carried out with 31 nursing students and nurses. Results: The initial instrument contained 31 questions and upon validation by judges, 12 items underwent wording changes, one item was added (domain 1), one item was unified (domain 2) and two items were deleted (domain 3 and 4). In the pre-test, seven items were rewritten in order to facilitate understanding and not be a confusing factor. The final instrument consisted of 30 dichotomous questions. Conclusion: The tool developed was validated and is available for use in different health care scenarios, being able to measure knowledge prior to and subsequent to educational interventions, being highly effective for use in training students and updating nurses on the topic. Keywords: Surveys and questionnaires; antimicrobial management; nurses and nurses; nursing students; infection control; validation study
Discursos de docentes do Ciclo II: currículo oficial da secretaria da educação do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Gomes, Anderson Severiano
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4585911694992127
In 2017, the city of São Paulo updated – in a process of curricular reorientation – the City Curriculum, based on the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). The questions that drive this investigation are related to the questions: how do teachers in a multidimensional city like São Paulo, in disparate and complex territories, develop, or even recognize the Curriculum (which already has ready and established didactic material, with goals, evaluations, etc.)? Does this official curriculum meet teachers' expectations? What are your views on the changes implemented in the City Curriculum? Thus, the object of this study is related to the discourses of teachers, and the objective of this qualitative research is to analyze, under the Foucauldian perspective, how the discourses of teachers of Elementary School Final Years in the city of São Paulo, act on the official curriculum by implementing in 2017.As a methodological procedure, we intend to carry out an investigation of an exploratory nature, using methodological instruments such as: closed questionnaire - for an approximate universe of 100 teachers who work in the final years and from these results submit them to the IRaMuTeQ software (R Interface for Multidimensional Analysis of Texts and Questionnaires) with the purpose of starting a mapping of the statements and feeding the focal points of discussions; focus group with six teachers at each meeting (three meetings for each focus group); and, a focus group with semi-structured interviews with technicians from the Municipal Department of Education (SME/SP).The set of official discourses and teachers' discourse becomes curricular content and a logical aspect, and this junction builds the curriculum in public schools. As a result of this study, it is expected to know better the official curriculum implementing from 2017 the City of São Paulo; to go through the Foucaultian field on discourse analysis; identify if there is parrhesia and this we will identify as a gambiarra not in the pejorative sense linked to the term, but as innovation from the action of the teachers in performing their "courage in speaking truth", as their cunning and also if they announce forms of creation, resistance and otherness of teachers in the face of this curriculum, understanding the existing power relations, from their historical conception, to their effectiveness in practice, in the various territories of the city.
Influência da adição de tensoativos em redes de sílica para adsorção de corantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Buzato, Gabriel Vinicius
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Souza, Adriano Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671885302437668
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1667637380565889
Synthetic dyes, normally used industrially, when discarded incorrectly can cause damage to the environment and human life, inhibiting the passage of light in water bodies and hindering the photosynthesis of plants and algae in the aquatic environment. There are several studies with materials capable of adsorbing these harmful compounds, such as carbon nanotubes, but few with silica xerogels modified with surfactants. The adsorption capacity of silica xerogels against methyl orange and crystal violet dyes and the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants incorporated into the xerogels in the adsorption process were evaluated here. To identify the bonds present in the materials, absorption spectroscopy was used in the infrared region with Fourier transform. For analysis of the pore diameter distribution, the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method was used through Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor dye adsorption. The adsorptions of the dyes indicated a better fit to the pseudo-second order kinetic model with a determination coefficient greater than 0.90. The experimental data fit better to the nonlinear model of Langmuir with a qmax value of 25.8 mg g-1 for the adsorption of crystal violet by the SDS-modified silica xerogel and 25.54 mg g-1 for the adsorption of methyl orange by the CTAB-modified silica xerogel. It was important to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of silica xerogels, as these are low-cost materials and could be used to remove toxic compounds from industrial effluents.
Nomeação em crianças pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Aniceto, Gabriela
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1200796633285284
The gap left by Skinner's lack of analysis of listener behavior in 1957 led researchers to study listener behavior, its development and its role in verbal behavior. Considering the role of listener as a requirement for the acquisition and maintenance of speaker behavior, it seems essential to study listener behavior as a condition to explain verbal behavior. Therefore, this thesis was divided into two studies. Study 1 was a conceptual work whose objectives were i) to map and characterize the Theory of Naming, analyzing its developments in relation to its conceptual and empirical aspects and its theoretical and empirical limitations and ii) to present and discuss the advances brought in the Theory of Development of Verbal Behavior, in relation to the Theory of Naming. Study 2 was a case study of a 27-month-old child at risk for language development according to the Denver II Developmental Screening Test. The participant was exposed to a teaching procedure structured in MEI with the objective of verifying the emission of the echoing behavior and of selecting for the emergence of naming, relating the child's performance in the teaching procedure with the data collected by the Denver II Test. It is concluded that future studies can use verbal landmarks and their prerequisites to identify the behaviors installed in the children's repertoire and, thus, from this point onwards to the proposition of child development programs that aim at the teaching/emergence of naming. . In addition, future empirical studies can verify the behaviors of imitation and generalized imitation before exposing children to the structured teaching procedure in MEI, so that the operants in rotation are in accordance with the skills already identified and to be taught for emergence of appointment.
Ecologia ecossistêmica de florestas tropicais: aplicações na restauração e proteção florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Maure, Lucas Andrigo
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Hasui, Erica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0180729641204176
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Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221
Forest protection and restoration have been singled out as major solutions to stem the biggest environmental crises of our time: the loss of biodiversity and climate change. However, deciding which sites are appropriate and priority for protection and restoration is not an easy task. Thus, this thesis proposes an ecosystem approach to substantiate such decisions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In the first chapter, we tested the effect of environmental predictors on the resilience and stability of early second-growth forests. Thus, we predict the spatial distribution of both ecosystem parameters to locate areas with ecosystem potential for forest restoration. In the second chapter, we test the effect of environmental predictors on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution, we aim to find priority areas for forest protection and management with a focus on conservation of large numbers of species and carbon density. In the third chapter, we test the effect of climate on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution based on current and future climate, we locate areas of gain and loss of forest stability as a result of climate change. While areas of gain have great potential, areas of loss of stability are a priority for forest protection and restoration aiming at the future conservation of species and carbon stocks. The results of this thesis shed light on decisions related to conservation of species and carbon stocks through an ecosystem view of their habitats.
Os intelectuais públicos negros e o processo de democratização da política brasileira (1985-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Weber, Patrícia Amorim
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Medeiros, Priscila Martins de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7940270138195017
This research aims to analyze the role of black public intellectuals in the process of democratization in Brazil. In more specific terms, we will seek to respond to the following objectives: a) map and analyze the main political positions of black brazilian intellectuals in the debates on three political moments: National Constituent Assembly; law 10,639/2003 and affirmative actions for higher education; b) based on these positions, analyze what were the meanings of democracy conferred by them; c) analyze the meaning and consequences of the institutionalization of the racial relations agenda for the country's democratization process; d) analyze the public role of these intellectuals in the light of contemporary conceptions of black intellectuality. In methodological terms, we used Content Analysis to interpret the data collected through bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews. In addition, we rely on theoretical contributions from Cultural and Post-Colonial Studies. Briefly, the profile of the black public intellectual can be defined as one who argues that there is an intrinsic relationship between theory and politics. From this assumption, they engage politically in public spaces with the aim of fighting for the full insertion of black people in the democratic system, guaranteeing their basic rights as citizens. We could notice that the contribution of these intellectuals to the Brazilian democratization process took place, in general, in two aspects: 1) the first concerns political intervention in public spaces, by participating in and organizing demonstrations and/or being part of government positions; or even by occupying universities, creating research groups and strengthening public policies of racial equality within these spaces; 2) the second concerns the construction of an awareness of the role of blacks in Brazilian social formation. In this second point, by proposing another epistemological and ontological perspective, these intellectuals expanded the meaning of democracy. In this interpretation, the collective becomes an intrinsic value to democratic thinking and social movements become primary actors in the construction and maintenance of a substantially egalitarian society. Here, culture and aesthetics, in addition to socioeconomic issues, are seen as important political tools, therefore, becoming necessary when dealing with civil rights. In their methodologies, these intellectuals go beyond national borders, bringing a diasporic perspective to the analysis. Thus, they provide us with another sociological interpretation of Brazil, having as one of the central elements the criticism of the racialization process and the inequalities resulting from it. Thus, in general, they defend the proposition of a democracy that does not face difference in a hierarchical way.
Nonparametric pragmatic hypothesis testing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-13)
Lassance, Rodrigo Ferrari Lucas
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Stern, Rafael Bassi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7846211197320014
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0144182126656286
In statistical testing, a pragmatic hypothesis is an extension of a precise one, taking cases on the vicinity of the null as being equally worthy of appraisal. Unlike standard procedures, pragmatic hypotheses allow the user to evaluate more relevant assumptions and, at the same time, provide strategies to tackle Big Data responsibly, avoiding common drawbacks. However, up until now, these procedures have been applied only when a parametric family is assumed for the data. In this master’s thesis, we explore pragmatic hypotheses in a nonparametric setting, which drastically reduces the number of presuppositions and provides more realistic scenarios. By expanding the theory in Coscrato et al. (2019) to a nonparametric context, we delimit the different types of precise hypotheses of interest and the respective challenges each of them presents. Then, we derive two kinds of tests for nonparametric pragmatic hypotheses: one that adheres to standard procedures and one that is agnostic (which accepts, rejects or remains undecided on a given hypothesis), both obeying the property of monotonicity. Lastly, we use the Pólya tree process for building tests in a multitude of applications, showing how sample size, confidence/credible levels and the threshold of a pragmatic hypothesis impact the decision of the test.
Comunicação e Ciência da informação: corresponsabilidades em torno da decolonialidade informacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Souza, Franceline Patricia de
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7870849300044792
It was found as a research problem to be investigated the need to understand, in a more systematic way, how studies on decoloniality are being presented and developed in the context of Communication, as an area of knowledge. More specifically, we tried to identify how much research in Communication is considering the issues that involve the claims of decoloniality in the development of their practices. From this place of Communication, the aim was to develop approaches to Information Science studies, which concern the studies that the area develops in Marketing aimed at information products and services. The transversal objective that was intended to be reached was to identify elements that allowed to discuss how elements of decolonization of advertising, developed in the scope of Communication, could be considered by Information Science, when developing actions and Marketing of its informational products and services. Thus, in an interdisciplinary perspective, the objective was to present, as an result of research, a set of reflections, with a communicative and decolonial basis, for informational studies and practices, especially those that concern informational marketing actions. For this, the method used was composed of a set of exploratory actions, which were supported by bibliographic and documentary research. And the argumentative construction of the research was based on a narrative review of the literature, since it was not their objective to present an art state on the subjects discussed, but yes, to list studies that would make possible an argumentative and propositional construction to the field of Information Science, based on Communication.
Avaliação do processo de implantação de auditoria interna governamental no DAAE de Araraquara - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Mattar, Gustavo Rodrigues
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2367786829608486
In the public sector Internal Control System (ICS), the internal audit function can assist in achieving organizational objectives and and in support of the External Control. The Governmental Internal Audit - AIG is the focal object of this research, whose results are now reported. GIA presents itself as an innovation in the Brazilian public sector after the publication of normative instructions nº 3 and 8 of the Brazilian Ministry of Transparency, Inspection and Comptroller-General of the Union – CGU, both from 2017, which approve the Technical Reference for GIA Activity of the Federal Executive Branch – FEB, and the Implementation Guide for the Professional Practice of GIA within the Brazilian FEB, becoming regulatory frameworks on GIA's role in public governance. This dissertation sought to adapt and create a methodology for the federal standards application in AIG activities of the SCI, exercised by the Department of Water Supply & Sanitation (DWSS) Controllership, municipal autarchy responsible for the basic sanitation of the city of Araraquara/SP. The action research, of qualitative nature, had the descriptive-exploratory double purpose, for describing the GIA implementing process, through two instruments: an operational procedure and a professional booklet, and for investigating, on an exploratory basis, the difficulties and advances observed, before and after, the implementation of a risk-based audit program in DWSS. Data collection was done through participant observation, in the GIA implementing process in the autarchy between 2018 and 2022. Aiming a data sources triangulating of the studied phenomenon, a documentary research was carried out on the sentences issued by the Sao Paulo State Court of Accounts (COA-SP) on the DWSS accounts between 2010 and 2020. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique of the external auditors written opinions, focusing on the excerpts that report the COA-SP findings, being both the qualifications (possible unqualifications) and the recommendations. As a result some categories of difficulties overcome and advances obtained after the GIA activity start, from 2018, were identified: increase in the resolution of COA-SP audit finding monitored and resolved by the autarchy; reduction in the number of COA-SP finding; ICS reporting improvements; greater use of ICS recommendations by COA-SP and autarchy´s management. The two technical products, which offer a practical model proposal for the GIA carrying out, points walkthrough instructions for the GIA tools use, from planning to the evaluation report issue. They can possibly be adapted and reproduced in other municipal sanitation bodies, in accordance with the CGU standards. They can possibly be adapted and reproduced in other municipal sanitation bodies, in accordance with the CGU standards. The research points to the progress into the relations between Internal Control and External Control, and the gradual strengthening of the DWSS-Araraquara accountability.
Indústria cinematográfica brasileira contemporânea: um estudo do campo, redes e suas relações organizacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Taño, Debora Regina
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
In recent years, film production in Brazil has grown considerably. This growth has been analyzed from different perspectives, but it is still not understood in its specificities, activities, processes and actions of the actors involved. Our proposal in this thesis is to look at the Brazilian film industry from the organizations that compose it, for their logic, relationships and practices that enable its functioning. To this end, field theories and analysis of social networks are used as a basis for the work, in order to assist in the formation, analysis and understanding of the dynamics between companies involved in cinematographic activities. At first, Brazilian cinema approaches organizational studies, questioning the industry models valued in the field. Then, through secondary data from the National Film Agency (Ancine), the networks of interactions between production companies, audio and image post-production studios, as well as producers and distributors, between 1995 and 2019, with the aim of understanding the consolidation of the constituent fields of the macro-field of the national film industry. Finally, in order to deepen the understanding of the relationships between the companies, a survey was carried out with the producing companies regarding their internal training, forms of contract and criteria for forming partnerships. With such primary information, it was possible to identify the film production in the country as organized by projects, with the hiring of professionals from specialized activities and orchestrated by small companies, the production companies. The combination of the parts of the present work allows, therefore, an overview of the fields, through the networks of relationships between companies that point out characteristics of contemporary Brazilian cinematographic production. These characteristics are analyzed and presented in relation to their social and economic context, valuing the links between the actors involved, which are, therefore, the central element of the study and operation of the industry.
Requisitos para contratação de profissionais de apoio escolar nos sistemas estaduais de educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Piovezan, Camila Carlini Bonilha
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Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8857276539069863
In the schooling scenario of students Target Public of Special Education (PAEE) there are several actors: special education teacher, regular classroom teacher, management team, health professionals and also professionals who support the student PAEE. One of these is described in the Brazilian Inclusion Law - LBI as a school support professional (PAE), whose responsibilities involve the student's food, hygiene and locomotion activities. The legislation provides for the entry of this professional in the school and the demand for it has been growing, particularly after the growth of enrollments of PAEE students in common schools and the approval of LBI. This law guaranteed a legal provision for this type of support and defined the role of these professionals, favoring their hiring, since the education systems are regulating this profession in guiding documents based on the law. In view of this, the following guiding question arises: Through the legal provision (LBI), of the profession of the support professional being recent, how are the systems regulating the hiring of PAEs? The general objective of the study was based on describing and analyzing how the education networks are regulating the hiring of school support professionals, considering the regulated attributions, positions, functions and working conditions. This research took place through the method of document analysis. Data collection was carried out in two stages: the first stage was the search for the websites of the Departments of Education and/or Special Education to investigate whether they mentioned support professionals. The document survey stage aimed to verify the available material on the subject. The next step of the research was to find the State Education Plans (PEE) of the states and the Federal District (PDE) and to see if they mentioned support professionals. Data analysis took place in two stages: the first, the selection and organization of the material and, in the second, the categorization of the data that were divided into two axes: PEE (Term, State and Nomenclature used) and Selective Processes (Forms of hiring, Nomenclature, Contractual regime, Required Training, Salary and other benefits, working hours and assigned functions - Assignments for the position and Requirements). The initial hypothesis was that there would be few laws covering support professionals, as well as their attributions, forms of hiring and level of education, which could give them incipient visibility. However, the results indicate that the laws are not uniform, as they name these professionals in different ways, even though their attributions are similar. They showed the urgency of discussion regarding the selection criteria of these professionals in consensus with the studies highlighted in the research. The selection of PAEs must be thought of urgently and carefully, resulting in other factors, a better performance and quality of the services provided. The present study met the proposed objectives regarding the understanding of working conditions, hiring regimes and the functions assigned to these professionals, assuming, therefore, the role of triggering new investigations on the subject. It is concluded that the inexistence of a specific law that contemplates the PAEs has culminated in deregulation, and there may be cheapening and precariousness of its workforce. For further studies, it is proposed to deepen public policies, involving support networks and emphasizing the role of PAEs in the context of Special Education
Torcidas organizadas entre futebol e carnaval: uma etnografia sobre a materialização do torcer e do sambar nos Gaviões da Fiel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Souza Junior, Roberto
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4580496853520625
The present ethnographic research, which focuses on the cheering and samba inside of a cheer- school: the Gaviões da Fiel (GDF), aims to observe specifically the relationship between people and materials. From the emphasis on the dynamics of fans and/or sambistas, which are crossed by the material life of the organization, we tried to discuss cheering and sambering as sensorial vocations mediated by things inserted in the practices of sociability. The participant observation, up close and from the inside, sought to escape from the official discourses of harmony and cohesion between the two popular projects, carnival and bleachers, to thus dive into the fissures of this ordinary sociality permeated by conflicts, tensions, and negotiations, especially in the relationship with the materials in the cheer-school. Through the ethnographic example of the protagonism of things that also build people in the GDF, we speculated about possible updates in the ways of cheering and/or samba, both from this schismogenic experimentation between fans and school, and from the material life at the core of the daily experiences in the agremiation.
Colonos, cocaleros, comunidad negra: identidades campesinas en el Magdalena Medio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Quijano Mejia, Claudia Milena
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Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4309414661125075
La presente tesis se centra en la comprensión de los procesos de movilización y construcción de las identidades campesinas, en la región del Magdalena Medio Colombia. La investigación partió de los planteamientos teóricos sobre identidad de Stuart Hall (1996, 2019) y configuración social de Norbert Elias (2001, 2016); metodológicamente hizo uso de técnicas cualitativas como entrevistas a profundidad, observaciones de campo y análisis documental de las noticias de un periódico de circulación nacional. Para el trabajo de campo la unidad de análisis fue la vereda, es decir, la menor unidad político administrativa en la que se organiza el sector rural de Colombia; para el análisis documental se tomó la región del Magdalena Medio/ Sur de Bolívar y los campesinos como criterios de búsqueda y selección de las noticias a ser analizadas. La investigación intenta dar una mirada multidimensional a la construcción de la identidad de los pobladores rurales, dialogando con diversas cuestiones que emergen cotidianamente en el mundo campesino: tierra, organización campesina, conflictos, relación con el Estado, violencia, ilegalidad/legalidad, entre otros. Entre los resultados se destaca que los procesos de construcción y movilización de la identidad campesina en la región están anclados a la experiencia histórica compartida por grupos de hombres y mujeres alrededor de la vida cotidiana en la vereda y de la interacción con otros actores, que los configura como grupo y que – según las particularidades de esa experiencia – los impulsa a identificarse con las categorías campesino, colono, cocalero o comunidad negra. Esas experiencias se han ido construyendo desde los procesos de colonización de tierras impulsados por la construcción del ferrocarril, la industria del petróleo, la minería de oro, el cultivo de hoja de coca, la explotación maderera, la violencia política o la búsqueda de tierra para vivir. Las identidades movilizadas por el sector campesino se construyen en la relación con diversos actores, principalmente el Estado y sus instituciones; es ante el Estado que el campesinado reclama reconocimiento como sujeto de derechos y ante quien disputa los límites y contenidos de las diferentes categorías de identificación. Las identidades se construyen en el juego de interacciones cotidianas al interior de la familia y la vereda alrededor de la tierra, el trabajo y la organización comunitaria; la construcción de las identidades campesinas no se da al margen de las jerarquías, relaciones de género y generacionales, los usos y conflictos por la tierra, la socialización de valores al interior de las familias, el trabajo de la agricultura familiar y la organización comunitaria. Las Juntas de Acción Comunal (JAC) y los Consejos Comunitarios son espacios que permiten que los campesinos de la región interlocuten con la administración municipal y con diversas entidades estatales a nivel departamental y nacional, también posibilitan el engranaje de la vereda y sus habitantes con las organizaciones campesinas regionales y nacionales y participar en las movilizaciones sociales en torno a la tierra, la política agraria, la sustitución integral de cultivos de coca, el reconocimiento de la minería artesanal, los derechos humanos, entre otras demandas de los campesinos de la región. Estos procesos de construcción y movilización de identidades se han dado en un contexto marcado por la violencia desplegada por guerrillas, paramilitares y el mismo Estado. Finalmente, debe resaltarse el carácter relacional, flexible y estratégico de las identidades, así como las posibilidades que ofrece su movilización para el acceso a derechos por parte del campesinado.