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Conhecimento de graduandos em enfermagem e enfermeiros sobre o programa de gerenciamento de antimicrobianos (PGA): construção e validação de instrumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Simões, Lilian Isabel
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9710019972212048
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-8439
Antimicrobials (ATM), a class of medicines that save countless lives, over the years have started to be used on a large scale and often in an indiscriminate and unnecessary way, contributing to microbial resistance (MR) and becoming a serious health problem. global health. One of the strategies developed to combat MR was the creation of the Antimicrobial Management Program (PGA), emphasizing the improvement of control mechanisms for the use of ATM. The inclusion of nurses in a clear, articulated way and with well-defined functions is still incipient in the PGA, pointing to more specific training and training needs on the subject for these professionals. The production of measurement instruments that collaborate with this process is essential. Objective: Develop and validate an instrument to measure the knowledge of nursing students and nurses about the PGA. Method: Methodological study with a quantitative approach. The instrument was developed based on international consensus guidelines, organized into four domains: infection prevention and control; diagnosis of infection and use of antimicrobials; clinical practice of nurses and person-centered care and interprofessional practice on the topic.Content validation was carried out by twelve expert judges who analyzed the instrument for clarity and relevance, using a 4-point Likert scale. Items with a content validity index ≥ 0.80 were considered valid. To evaluate each domain, an agreement rate above 80% was considered adequate. After this stage, the pre-test was carried out with 31 nursing students and nurses. Results: The initial instrument contained 31 questions and upon validation by judges, 12 items underwent wording changes, one item was added (domain 1), one item was unified (domain 2) and two items were deleted (domain 3 and 4). In the pre-test, seven items were rewritten in order to facilitate understanding and not be a confusing factor. The final instrument consisted of 30 dichotomous questions. Conclusion: The tool developed was validated and is available for use in different health care scenarios, being able to measure knowledge prior to and subsequent to educational interventions, being highly effective for use in training students and updating nurses on the topic. Keywords: Surveys and questionnaires; antimicrobial management; nurses and nurses; nursing students; infection control; validation study
Discursos de docentes do Ciclo II: currículo oficial da secretaria da educação do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Gomes, Anderson Severiano
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Luiz, Maria Cecília
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4585911694992127
In 2017, the city of São Paulo updated – in a process of curricular reorientation – the City Curriculum, based on the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). The questions that drive this investigation are related to the questions: how do teachers in a multidimensional city like São Paulo, in disparate and complex territories, develop, or even recognize the Curriculum (which already has ready and established didactic material, with goals, evaluations, etc.)? Does this official curriculum meet teachers' expectations? What are your views on the changes implemented in the City Curriculum? Thus, the object of this study is related to the discourses of teachers, and the objective of this qualitative research is to analyze, under the Foucauldian perspective, how the discourses of teachers of Elementary School Final Years in the city of São Paulo, act on the official curriculum by implementing in 2017.As a methodological procedure, we intend to carry out an investigation of an exploratory nature, using methodological instruments such as: closed questionnaire - for an approximate universe of 100 teachers who work in the final years and from these results submit them to the IRaMuTeQ software (R Interface for Multidimensional Analysis of Texts and Questionnaires) with the purpose of starting a mapping of the statements and feeding the focal points of discussions; focus group with six teachers at each meeting (three meetings for each focus group); and, a focus group with semi-structured interviews with technicians from the Municipal Department of Education (SME/SP).The set of official discourses and teachers' discourse becomes curricular content and a logical aspect, and this junction builds the curriculum in public schools. As a result of this study, it is expected to know better the official curriculum implementing from 2017 the City of São Paulo; to go through the Foucaultian field on discourse analysis; identify if there is parrhesia and this we will identify as a gambiarra not in the pejorative sense linked to the term, but as innovation from the action of the teachers in performing their "courage in speaking truth", as their cunning and also if they announce forms of creation, resistance and otherness of teachers in the face of this curriculum, understanding the existing power relations, from their historical conception, to their effectiveness in practice, in the various territories of the city.
Influência da adição de tensoativos em redes de sílica para adsorção de corantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Buzato, Gabriel Vinicius
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Souza, Adriano Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671885302437668
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1667637380565889
Synthetic dyes, normally used industrially, when discarded incorrectly can cause damage to the environment and human life, inhibiting the passage of light in water bodies and hindering the photosynthesis of plants and algae in the aquatic environment. There are several studies with materials capable of adsorbing these harmful compounds, such as carbon nanotubes, but few with silica xerogels modified with surfactants. The adsorption capacity of silica xerogels against methyl orange and crystal violet dyes and the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants incorporated into the xerogels in the adsorption process were evaluated here. To identify the bonds present in the materials, absorption spectroscopy was used in the infrared region with Fourier transform. For analysis of the pore diameter distribution, the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method was used through Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor dye adsorption. The adsorptions of the dyes indicated a better fit to the pseudo-second order kinetic model with a determination coefficient greater than 0.90. The experimental data fit better to the nonlinear model of Langmuir with a qmax value of 25.8 mg g-1 for the adsorption of crystal violet by the SDS-modified silica xerogel and 25.54 mg g-1 for the adsorption of methyl orange by the CTAB-modified silica xerogel. It was important to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of silica xerogels, as these are low-cost materials and could be used to remove toxic compounds from industrial effluents.
Nomeação em crianças pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Aniceto, Gabriela
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1200796633285284
The gap left by Skinner's lack of analysis of listener behavior in 1957 led researchers to study listener behavior, its development and its role in verbal behavior. Considering the role of listener as a requirement for the acquisition and maintenance of speaker behavior, it seems essential to study listener behavior as a condition to explain verbal behavior. Therefore, this thesis was divided into two studies. Study 1 was a conceptual work whose objectives were i) to map and characterize the Theory of Naming, analyzing its developments in relation to its conceptual and empirical aspects and its theoretical and empirical limitations and ii) to present and discuss the advances brought in the Theory of Development of Verbal Behavior, in relation to the Theory of Naming. Study 2 was a case study of a 27-month-old child at risk for language development according to the Denver II Developmental Screening Test. The participant was exposed to a teaching procedure structured in MEI with the objective of verifying the emission of the echoing behavior and of selecting for the emergence of naming, relating the child's performance in the teaching procedure with the data collected by the Denver II Test. It is concluded that future studies can use verbal landmarks and their prerequisites to identify the behaviors installed in the children's repertoire and, thus, from this point onwards to the proposition of child development programs that aim at the teaching/emergence of naming. . In addition, future empirical studies can verify the behaviors of imitation and generalized imitation before exposing children to the structured teaching procedure in MEI, so that the operants in rotation are in accordance with the skills already identified and to be taught for emergence of appointment.
Ecologia ecossistêmica de florestas tropicais: aplicações na restauração e proteção florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Maure, Lucas Andrigo
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Hasui, Erica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0180729641204176
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Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221
Forest protection and restoration have been singled out as major solutions to stem the biggest environmental crises of our time: the loss of biodiversity and climate change. However, deciding which sites are appropriate and priority for protection and restoration is not an easy task. Thus, this thesis proposes an ecosystem approach to substantiate such decisions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In the first chapter, we tested the effect of environmental predictors on the resilience and stability of early second-growth forests. Thus, we predict the spatial distribution of both ecosystem parameters to locate areas with ecosystem potential for forest restoration. In the second chapter, we test the effect of environmental predictors on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution, we aim to find priority areas for forest protection and management with a focus on conservation of large numbers of species and carbon density. In the third chapter, we test the effect of climate on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution based on current and future climate, we locate areas of gain and loss of forest stability as a result of climate change. While areas of gain have great potential, areas of loss of stability are a priority for forest protection and restoration aiming at the future conservation of species and carbon stocks. The results of this thesis shed light on decisions related to conservation of species and carbon stocks through an ecosystem view of their habitats.
Os intelectuais públicos negros e o processo de democratização da política brasileira (1985-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10)
Weber, Patrícia Amorim
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Medeiros, Priscila Martins de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7940270138195017
This research aims to analyze the role of black public intellectuals in the process of democratization in Brazil. In more specific terms, we will seek to respond to the following objectives: a) map and analyze the main political positions of black brazilian intellectuals in the debates on three political moments: National Constituent Assembly; law 10,639/2003 and affirmative actions for higher education; b) based on these positions, analyze what were the meanings of democracy conferred by them; c) analyze the meaning and consequences of the institutionalization of the racial relations agenda for the country's democratization process; d) analyze the public role of these intellectuals in the light of contemporary conceptions of black intellectuality. In methodological terms, we used Content Analysis to interpret the data collected through bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews. In addition, we rely on theoretical contributions from Cultural and Post-Colonial Studies. Briefly, the profile of the black public intellectual can be defined as one who argues that there is an intrinsic relationship between theory and politics. From this assumption, they engage politically in public spaces with the aim of fighting for the full insertion of black people in the democratic system, guaranteeing their basic rights as citizens. We could notice that the contribution of these intellectuals to the Brazilian democratization process took place, in general, in two aspects: 1) the first concerns political intervention in public spaces, by participating in and organizing demonstrations and/or being part of government positions; or even by occupying universities, creating research groups and strengthening public policies of racial equality within these spaces; 2) the second concerns the construction of an awareness of the role of blacks in Brazilian social formation. In this second point, by proposing another epistemological and ontological perspective, these intellectuals expanded the meaning of democracy. In this interpretation, the collective becomes an intrinsic value to democratic thinking and social movements become primary actors in the construction and maintenance of a substantially egalitarian society. Here, culture and aesthetics, in addition to socioeconomic issues, are seen as important political tools, therefore, becoming necessary when dealing with civil rights. In their methodologies, these intellectuals go beyond national borders, bringing a diasporic perspective to the analysis. Thus, they provide us with another sociological interpretation of Brazil, having as one of the central elements the criticism of the racialization process and the inequalities resulting from it. Thus, in general, they defend the proposition of a democracy that does not face difference in a hierarchical way.
Nonparametric pragmatic hypothesis testing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-13)
Lassance, Rodrigo Ferrari Lucas
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Stern, Rafael Bassi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7846211197320014
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0144182126656286
In statistical testing, a pragmatic hypothesis is an extension of a precise one, taking cases on the vicinity of the null as being equally worthy of appraisal. Unlike standard procedures, pragmatic hypotheses allow the user to evaluate more relevant assumptions and, at the same time, provide strategies to tackle Big Data responsibly, avoiding common drawbacks. However, up until now, these procedures have been applied only when a parametric family is assumed for the data. In this master’s thesis, we explore pragmatic hypotheses in a nonparametric setting, which drastically reduces the number of presuppositions and provides more realistic scenarios. By expanding the theory in Coscrato et al. (2019) to a nonparametric context, we delimit the different types of precise hypotheses of interest and the respective challenges each of them presents. Then, we derive two kinds of tests for nonparametric pragmatic hypotheses: one that adheres to standard procedures and one that is agnostic (which accepts, rejects or remains undecided on a given hypothesis), both obeying the property of monotonicity. Lastly, we use the Pólya tree process for building tests in a multitude of applications, showing how sample size, confidence/credible levels and the threshold of a pragmatic hypothesis impact the decision of the test.
Comunicação e Ciência da informação: corresponsabilidades em torno da decolonialidade informacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Souza, Franceline Patricia de
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7870849300044792
It was found as a research problem to be investigated the need to understand, in a more systematic way, how studies on decoloniality are being presented and developed in the context of Communication, as an area of knowledge. More specifically, we tried to identify how much research in Communication is considering the issues that involve the claims of decoloniality in the development of their practices. From this place of Communication, the aim was to develop approaches to Information Science studies, which concern the studies that the area develops in Marketing aimed at information products and services. The transversal objective that was intended to be reached was to identify elements that allowed to discuss how elements of decolonization of advertising, developed in the scope of Communication, could be considered by Information Science, when developing actions and Marketing of its informational products and services. Thus, in an interdisciplinary perspective, the objective was to present, as an result of research, a set of reflections, with a communicative and decolonial basis, for informational studies and practices, especially those that concern informational marketing actions. For this, the method used was composed of a set of exploratory actions, which were supported by bibliographic and documentary research. And the argumentative construction of the research was based on a narrative review of the literature, since it was not their objective to present an art state on the subjects discussed, but yes, to list studies that would make possible an argumentative and propositional construction to the field of Information Science, based on Communication.
Avaliação do processo de implantação de auditoria interna governamental no DAAE de Araraquara - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Mattar, Gustavo Rodrigues
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2367786829608486
In the public sector Internal Control System (ICS), the internal audit function can assist in achieving organizational objectives and and in support of the External Control. The Governmental Internal Audit - AIG is the focal object of this research, whose results are now reported. GIA presents itself as an innovation in the Brazilian public sector after the publication of normative instructions nº 3 and 8 of the Brazilian Ministry of Transparency, Inspection and Comptroller-General of the Union – CGU, both from 2017, which approve the Technical Reference for GIA Activity of the Federal Executive Branch – FEB, and the Implementation Guide for the Professional Practice of GIA within the Brazilian FEB, becoming regulatory frameworks on GIA's role in public governance. This dissertation sought to adapt and create a methodology for the federal standards application in AIG activities of the SCI, exercised by the Department of Water Supply & Sanitation (DWSS) Controllership, municipal autarchy responsible for the basic sanitation of the city of Araraquara/SP. The action research, of qualitative nature, had the descriptive-exploratory double purpose, for describing the GIA implementing process, through two instruments: an operational procedure and a professional booklet, and for investigating, on an exploratory basis, the difficulties and advances observed, before and after, the implementation of a risk-based audit program in DWSS. Data collection was done through participant observation, in the GIA implementing process in the autarchy between 2018 and 2022. Aiming a data sources triangulating of the studied phenomenon, a documentary research was carried out on the sentences issued by the Sao Paulo State Court of Accounts (COA-SP) on the DWSS accounts between 2010 and 2020. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique of the external auditors written opinions, focusing on the excerpts that report the COA-SP findings, being both the qualifications (possible unqualifications) and the recommendations. As a result some categories of difficulties overcome and advances obtained after the GIA activity start, from 2018, were identified: increase in the resolution of COA-SP audit finding monitored and resolved by the autarchy; reduction in the number of COA-SP finding; ICS reporting improvements; greater use of ICS recommendations by COA-SP and autarchy´s management. The two technical products, which offer a practical model proposal for the GIA carrying out, points walkthrough instructions for the GIA tools use, from planning to the evaluation report issue. They can possibly be adapted and reproduced in other municipal sanitation bodies, in accordance with the CGU standards. They can possibly be adapted and reproduced in other municipal sanitation bodies, in accordance with the CGU standards. The research points to the progress into the relations between Internal Control and External Control, and the gradual strengthening of the DWSS-Araraquara accountability.
Indústria cinematográfica brasileira contemporânea: um estudo do campo, redes e suas relações organizacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Taño, Debora Regina
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Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
In recent years, film production in Brazil has grown considerably. This growth has been analyzed from different perspectives, but it is still not understood in its specificities, activities, processes and actions of the actors involved. Our proposal in this thesis is to look at the Brazilian film industry from the organizations that compose it, for their logic, relationships and practices that enable its functioning. To this end, field theories and analysis of social networks are used as a basis for the work, in order to assist in the formation, analysis and understanding of the dynamics between companies involved in cinematographic activities. At first, Brazilian cinema approaches organizational studies, questioning the industry models valued in the field. Then, through secondary data from the National Film Agency (Ancine), the networks of interactions between production companies, audio and image post-production studios, as well as producers and distributors, between 1995 and 2019, with the aim of understanding the consolidation of the constituent fields of the macro-field of the national film industry. Finally, in order to deepen the understanding of the relationships between the companies, a survey was carried out with the producing companies regarding their internal training, forms of contract and criteria for forming partnerships. With such primary information, it was possible to identify the film production in the country as organized by projects, with the hiring of professionals from specialized activities and orchestrated by small companies, the production companies. The combination of the parts of the present work allows, therefore, an overview of the fields, through the networks of relationships between companies that point out characteristics of contemporary Brazilian cinematographic production. These characteristics are analyzed and presented in relation to their social and economic context, valuing the links between the actors involved, which are, therefore, the central element of the study and operation of the industry.
Requisitos para contratação de profissionais de apoio escolar nos sistemas estaduais de educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Piovezan, Camila Carlini Bonilha
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Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8857276539069863
In the schooling scenario of students Target Public of Special Education (PAEE) there are several actors: special education teacher, regular classroom teacher, management team, health professionals and also professionals who support the student PAEE. One of these is described in the Brazilian Inclusion Law - LBI as a school support professional (PAE), whose responsibilities involve the student's food, hygiene and locomotion activities. The legislation provides for the entry of this professional in the school and the demand for it has been growing, particularly after the growth of enrollments of PAEE students in common schools and the approval of LBI. This law guaranteed a legal provision for this type of support and defined the role of these professionals, favoring their hiring, since the education systems are regulating this profession in guiding documents based on the law. In view of this, the following guiding question arises: Through the legal provision (LBI), of the profession of the support professional being recent, how are the systems regulating the hiring of PAEs? The general objective of the study was based on describing and analyzing how the education networks are regulating the hiring of school support professionals, considering the regulated attributions, positions, functions and working conditions. This research took place through the method of document analysis. Data collection was carried out in two stages: the first stage was the search for the websites of the Departments of Education and/or Special Education to investigate whether they mentioned support professionals. The document survey stage aimed to verify the available material on the subject. The next step of the research was to find the State Education Plans (PEE) of the states and the Federal District (PDE) and to see if they mentioned support professionals. Data analysis took place in two stages: the first, the selection and organization of the material and, in the second, the categorization of the data that were divided into two axes: PEE (Term, State and Nomenclature used) and Selective Processes (Forms of hiring, Nomenclature, Contractual regime, Required Training, Salary and other benefits, working hours and assigned functions - Assignments for the position and Requirements). The initial hypothesis was that there would be few laws covering support professionals, as well as their attributions, forms of hiring and level of education, which could give them incipient visibility. However, the results indicate that the laws are not uniform, as they name these professionals in different ways, even though their attributions are similar. They showed the urgency of discussion regarding the selection criteria of these professionals in consensus with the studies highlighted in the research. The selection of PAEs must be thought of urgently and carefully, resulting in other factors, a better performance and quality of the services provided. The present study met the proposed objectives regarding the understanding of working conditions, hiring regimes and the functions assigned to these professionals, assuming, therefore, the role of triggering new investigations on the subject. It is concluded that the inexistence of a specific law that contemplates the PAEs has culminated in deregulation, and there may be cheapening and precariousness of its workforce. For further studies, it is proposed to deepen public policies, involving support networks and emphasizing the role of PAEs in the context of Special Education
Torcidas organizadas entre futebol e carnaval: uma etnografia sobre a materialização do torcer e do sambar nos Gaviões da Fiel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Souza Junior, Roberto
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4580496853520625
The present ethnographic research, which focuses on the cheering and samba inside of a cheer- school: the Gaviões da Fiel (GDF), aims to observe specifically the relationship between people and materials. From the emphasis on the dynamics of fans and/or sambistas, which are crossed by the material life of the organization, we tried to discuss cheering and sambering as sensorial vocations mediated by things inserted in the practices of sociability. The participant observation, up close and from the inside, sought to escape from the official discourses of harmony and cohesion between the two popular projects, carnival and bleachers, to thus dive into the fissures of this ordinary sociality permeated by conflicts, tensions, and negotiations, especially in the relationship with the materials in the cheer-school. Through the ethnographic example of the protagonism of things that also build people in the GDF, we speculated about possible updates in the ways of cheering and/or samba, both from this schismogenic experimentation between fans and school, and from the material life at the core of the daily experiences in the agremiation.
Colonos, cocaleros, comunidad negra: identidades campesinas en el Magdalena Medio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Quijano Mejia, Claudia Milena
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Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4309414661125075
La presente tesis se centra en la comprensión de los procesos de movilización y construcción de las identidades campesinas, en la región del Magdalena Medio Colombia. La investigación partió de los planteamientos teóricos sobre identidad de Stuart Hall (1996, 2019) y configuración social de Norbert Elias (2001, 2016); metodológicamente hizo uso de técnicas cualitativas como entrevistas a profundidad, observaciones de campo y análisis documental de las noticias de un periódico de circulación nacional. Para el trabajo de campo la unidad de análisis fue la vereda, es decir, la menor unidad político administrativa en la que se organiza el sector rural de Colombia; para el análisis documental se tomó la región del Magdalena Medio/ Sur de Bolívar y los campesinos como criterios de búsqueda y selección de las noticias a ser analizadas. La investigación intenta dar una mirada multidimensional a la construcción de la identidad de los pobladores rurales, dialogando con diversas cuestiones que emergen cotidianamente en el mundo campesino: tierra, organización campesina, conflictos, relación con el Estado, violencia, ilegalidad/legalidad, entre otros. Entre los resultados se destaca que los procesos de construcción y movilización de la identidad campesina en la región están anclados a la experiencia histórica compartida por grupos de hombres y mujeres alrededor de la vida cotidiana en la vereda y de la interacción con otros actores, que los configura como grupo y que – según las particularidades de esa experiencia – los impulsa a identificarse con las categorías campesino, colono, cocalero o comunidad negra. Esas experiencias se han ido construyendo desde los procesos de colonización de tierras impulsados por la construcción del ferrocarril, la industria del petróleo, la minería de oro, el cultivo de hoja de coca, la explotación maderera, la violencia política o la búsqueda de tierra para vivir. Las identidades movilizadas por el sector campesino se construyen en la relación con diversos actores, principalmente el Estado y sus instituciones; es ante el Estado que el campesinado reclama reconocimiento como sujeto de derechos y ante quien disputa los límites y contenidos de las diferentes categorías de identificación. Las identidades se construyen en el juego de interacciones cotidianas al interior de la familia y la vereda alrededor de la tierra, el trabajo y la organización comunitaria; la construcción de las identidades campesinas no se da al margen de las jerarquías, relaciones de género y generacionales, los usos y conflictos por la tierra, la socialización de valores al interior de las familias, el trabajo de la agricultura familiar y la organización comunitaria. Las Juntas de Acción Comunal (JAC) y los Consejos Comunitarios son espacios que permiten que los campesinos de la región interlocuten con la administración municipal y con diversas entidades estatales a nivel departamental y nacional, también posibilitan el engranaje de la vereda y sus habitantes con las organizaciones campesinas regionales y nacionales y participar en las movilizaciones sociales en torno a la tierra, la política agraria, la sustitución integral de cultivos de coca, el reconocimiento de la minería artesanal, los derechos humanos, entre otras demandas de los campesinos de la región. Estos procesos de construcción y movilización de identidades se han dado en un contexto marcado por la violencia desplegada por guerrillas, paramilitares y el mismo Estado. Finalmente, debe resaltarse el carácter relacional, flexible y estratégico de las identidades, así como las posibilidades que ofrece su movilización para el acceso a derechos por parte del campesinado.
Cinzas de caldeira de biomassa: caracterização, diagnóstico e alternativa para aplicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-14)
Belini, Gabriela Bertoni
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Hadade, Ana Larissa Santiago Hansted
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1271664272109828
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
Among renewable energies, biomass will play a key role in the coming years. The possibility of using residues as solid biofuels allows industries to dispose of materials that were previously discarded, with economic and environmental gains. The formation of slag, incrustation and corrosion in boilers, caused by biomass ash used as raw material for combustion, can interfere in the reduction of its efficiency and, consequently, in the choice of material to be burned. Closing the production cycle, one of the final destinations of the ash can be as a soil improver. The objective of this work was to characterize the biomasses used in a steam generating industry, as well as to analyze the resulting ashes and apply them as an improver to the substrate for germination of redneck cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds. Among the biomasses, the ash content ranged from 0.65 to 14.44% for teak wood waste and rice husk, respectively. The eucalyptus husk and rice husk presented the lowest HHV. The thermogravimetric analysis showed some uniformity, with initial temperatures around 305 °C and final temperatures of 600 °C. The analysis of the ash made by the EDS showed a greater presence of calcium, potassium and silicon, chlorine and titanium were also identified in some biomasses. For the ash, it can be seen that there is still a fixed carbon remnant in some of the ash collected, reaching levels of approximately 60%. This may indicate incomplete combustion of the biomass in the boiler. The ashes showed HHV values between 1.95 MJ.kg-1 and 29.63 MJ.kg-1. The components most present in fly ash were calcium, potassium, magnesium, silicon, iron and aluminum, in addition to the presence of chlorine, whereas in the bottom ash they had a higher composition of silicon, potassium and calcium. For cucumber seedlings, the ash positively influenced the size of the seedlings and also the concentration, mainly, of macronutrients. The presence of ash resulted in a more alkaline substrate.
Plano de carreira do magistério público municipal: o desenvolvimento profissional docente na Prefeitura Municipal de Piracicaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-15)
Campos, Renan Romero de
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Carvalho, Angela Maria Carneiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3860073481051842
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-4518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7031600769445204
The work proposes to understand how the Career Plan for the Public Magisterium in the Municipality of Piracicaba is being established. This is an instrument of the Human Resources Administration, foreseen by the Brazilian educational legislation for teaching categories, especially for Basic Education. The objective is to understand the specificities of the elaboration of a Career Plan for Public Teaching in the Municipality of Piracicaba, through the analysis of the compatibility of incentives for professional development, in a career, with the organizational objectives of the City Hall. The study focuses on a literature review on the topic of strategic management of people in the public sector, the study of positions and careers, and also the concept of teacher professional development. The Systematic Bibliographic Review focused on career planning in public education was used to map the field of study. As qualitative and quantitative descriptive research strategies, data triangulation is built around 1) Participant Observation, through the political-institutional context of the Municipality of Piracicaba and the Municipal Department of Education aligned with the researcher's experience as a natural member of the Network Municipal Education; 2) Documentary Analysis that breaks down Complementary Law Projects nº 11/2004 and nº 17/2017, which deal with the legislative matter object of this study, in Piracicaba, and were both rejected and archived; and 3) the application of a Survey, through a questionnaire proposed to the target audience of Piracicaban teachers, whose results show an average profile of municipal teachers. From the triangulation of data between Participant Observation, Document Analysis and Survey it led to the conclusion that the City Hall offered career plans consistent with the professional development of teachers, valuing career progression based on academic title, length of service, functional performance and continuing education courses for professional improvement and qualification. The plans, however, have yet to be approved and implemented. The City Hall's objectives, in this sense, consist of complying with current educational legislation, consolidating the structure of the Municipal Education Network and valuing teaching professionals. At the end, possibilities for future studies are proposed related to the teacher's participation in the elaboration of these plans, the legal forecast of career plans for other servants of Basic Education, and the possibilities of access to school management positions.
Corrosão de armaduras em meios aquosos e porosos de argamassas com agregados alternativos (ACBC e LETA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-15)
Rezende, Mariana de Almeida Motta
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5831585097579532
About 4% of the GDP of industrialized countries is destined to the maintenance of materials deteriorated by corrosion and the corrosion of reinforcements contributes to a significant portion of this percentage. Another problem in civil construction is the exacerbated use of natural resources, such as sand and gravel, used as aggregates for the production of concrete. Over time, these resources became scarce and the use of recycled aggregates became necessary. The author's research group has been working with eco-efficient waste for two decades, and this knowledge was combined with the general objective of this work, which was to evaluate the corrosion of reinforcement in cementitious composites with the incorporation of two residues separately: sugarcane bagasse ash sand (SBAS) and water treatment sludge (WTS), both used as fine aggregate in concrete pore solutions (CPS) and in cement composite samples. The innovation of this work lies in the use of the corrosion assessment technique in CPS for concrete with residues. For this, carbon steel samples were immersed in pore solutions of cementitious composites with SBAS and WTS in pure solutions and solutions contaminated with aggressive agents to the reinforcement (chlorides and carbonates). In an electrochemical cell, the monitoring of the open circuit potential, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the linear scanning polarization were carried out to verify the corrosion of the steel in the different solutions studied. In addition, the results obtained were compared to the results of similar evaluation on cementitious composites of the same traces of WTS and SBAS. Based on the analyzes carried out, it was possible to conclude that the incorporation of SBAS is beneficial in terms of corrosion resistance of reinforcements, and can be used as a fine aggregate to replace 30% by mass with natural sand in concrete for structural purposes in marine environments. However, 3% of LETA replacing natural sand in concrete caused the passivation film not to form properly on the reinforcement. Therefore, in this case, concrete with this WTS percentage cannot be recommended for structural purposes in a marine environment.
Análise termogravimétrica da biomassa e seus compostos (celulose, hemicelulose e lignina)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-17)
Carvalho, Natália Rodrigues de
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Nakashima, Gabriela Tami
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6568518277464223
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the renewable energies indicated in the replacement of fossil fuels for the production of bioenergy and mitigation of climate change, given its wide distribution and quantity, considering the different types of biomass and its residues. However, it is necessary to study the thermal behavior of biomass in order to achieve greater energy efficiency. A usual methodology to understand the thermal behavior of biomass is thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As lignocellulosic biomass has a complex and heterogeneous composition, in TGA the decomposition ranges of its compounds overlap at some points. Thus, thermogravimetric analysis of biomass-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compounds has been used; in order to elucidate the degradation ranges and parameters of each constituent separately and how they interfere in the thermal degradation of in natura biomass. The objective of this work was to thermally analyze the biomass of eucalyptus wood chips and sugarcane bagasse, as well as their compounds – cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; in order to understand more about the combustion and pyrolysis processes of biomass. Proximate analysis and chemical analysis of the biomasses were performed to obtain the components of the biomass and analyze in thermogravimetry. The materials analyzed were: microcrystalline cellulose, cotton, xylose, kraft and organosolv lignins, eucalyptus chips (in natura, without extractives, holocellulose, alphacellulose, lignin) and sugarcane bagasse (in natura, without extractives, holocellulose, alphacellulose, lignin). The xylose DTG curve showed two degradation peaks before 350 °C and stabilized the degradation near 400 °C, indicating less resistance to thermal degradation. The DTG curves for cotton, microcrystalline cellulose, alpha cellulose from eucalyptus chips and alpha cellulose from sugarcane bagasse showed a narrow degradation range and a sharp peak of maximum degradation around 300-400 °C. The DTG curves of lignins (kraft lignin, orgnosolv lignin, eucalyptus lignin and bagasse lignin) showed a less pronounced degradation, covering wide temperature ranges - between 270 and 560 °C, proving the stability and resistance of the material to thermal degradation. Sugarcane bagasse proved to be more thermally stable than eucalyptus. In general, for both eucalyptus and bagasse, the TG and DTG curves of in natura biomass, without extractives, holocellulose and alphacellulose were similar, but there was a gradual omission of the peak corresponding to the deflection temperature before the point of deflection. maximum decomposition (Tsh) and the narrowing of the base of the maximum degradation peak in the DTG curve, a behavior that is probably associated with the loss of secondary/extractive compounds and hemicellulose. To accurately plot the TG and DTG curves, as well as perform kinetic studies, it is recommended to use different heating rates.
Questionnaire on the mental health of Brazilian undergraduates of Biological Sciences
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-20)
São Pedro, Vinícius Avelar
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Trierveiler-Pereira, Larissa
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Baltazar, Juliano Marcon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9814339348129868
Lesões musculoesqueléticas, carga de treinamento e recuperação durante o treinamento básico militar da Academia da Força Aérea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-20)
Castro, Phelipe Henrique Cardoso de
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8080923988906596
As soon as they enter the military institutions, all individuals are obligatorily submitted to a rigorous period, called Basic Military Training (BMT). In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate and characterize musculoskeletal injuries, training load, recovery, creatine kinase (CK) concentration and skin temperature during the BMT of the Air Force Academy (AFA). This is a longitudinal study, carried out during the AFA TBM, lasting 37 days. To verify the musculoskeletal injuries that occurred during training, a daily survey of medical and physiotherapeutic records was carried out. After the military training instructions, the participants were evaluated through the subjective perception of exertion (SPE) and once a day, always before the first activity, they were asked about the current stage of recovery using the total quality of recovery scale (TQR). From the SPE, the total weekly training load (TWTL) and the monotony index were calculated. In the pre-BMT period and at the end of each week, CK concentrations and skin temperatures were measured. A total of 103 male soldiers were evaluated. During the BMT, 121 musculoskeletal injuries were recorded, which were suffered by 64.1% (n=66) of the military. The body region with the highest frequency of injuries were the lower limbs (75.2%). Of the participants who suffered at least one musculoskeletal injury, 42.4% (n=28) were excused from activities for at least one day. The TWTL of week 2, 20010.1±4010.1 (U.A), was the lowest when compared to the others (p<0.001). The weekly averages found for monotony were higher than 2.6±0.5. For TQR, the second week was the one with the worst recovery (11.5±1.6) (p<0.001). CK increased right at the beginning of training and remained throughout the BMT with values higher than the initial assessment. Bilateral asymmetries greater than 0.5º were found in several body regions, with the knee being the most affected region. A positive correlation was found between CK and the temperature of the biceps, pectorals and knees, but only in a few weeks. The findings of the present study indicate that the TBM had a high percentage of injuries, with the lower limbs being the most affected region. The weekly training loads were high, showed no progression and had high monotony. Recovery throughout the stage was not adequate. CK increased at the beginning of the stage and remained high. Skin temperature showed asymmetries, but these did not correlate with CK concentration.
Promoção e percepção de aplicação da sustentabilidade nas Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-20)
Matias, Érika Pena Bedin
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Faria, Luiz Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4366016311242047
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have occupied a distinctive role in society: they are predisposed to be at the forefront of social change and to deal with problems. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate how the theme of sustainability is dealt with and the application of in HEIs. To achieve this objective, the work proposed to explore how sustainability in HEIs was addressed in the literature, to evaluate the selected publications, to integrate the dimensions of sustainability to the purpose activity of HEIs and how sustainability is operationalized in Brazilian HEIs. As results and discussion, the published articles were identified, with relevance and comprehensiveness and the main types, methodologies, scales, dimensions and approaches were analyzed. In addition to proposing the integration of the dimensions of sustainability with the end-activity of Brazilian HEIs, by means of structural equation modeling. Finally, the evaluation of the application of sustainability demonstrated that although there are constant efforts by both public and private HEIs, sustainability still reaches low levels of application in most of them. Future work needs to conduct the assessment in a multinational context and better investigate the interaction between sustainability in public and private HEIs.