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Discursos de docentes do Ciclo II: currículo oficial da secretaria da educação do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10) Gomes, Anderson Severiano; Luiz, Maria Cecília; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4585911694992127
In 2017, the city of São Paulo updated – in a process of curricular reorientation – the City Curriculum, based on the National Common Curriculum Base (BNCC). The questions that drive this investigation are related to the questions: how do teachers in a multidimensional city like São Paulo, in disparate and complex territories, develop, or even recognize the Curriculum (which already has ready and established didactic material, with goals, evaluations, etc.)? Does this official curriculum meet teachers' expectations? What are your views on the changes implemented in the City Curriculum? Thus, the object of this study is related to the discourses of teachers, and the objective of this qualitative research is to analyze, under the Foucauldian perspective, how the discourses of teachers of Elementary School Final Years in the city of São Paulo, act on the official curriculum by implementing in 2017.As a methodological procedure, we intend to carry out an investigation of an exploratory nature, using methodological instruments such as: closed questionnaire - for an approximate universe of 100 teachers who work in the final years and from these results submit them to the IRaMuTeQ software (R Interface for Multidimensional Analysis of Texts and Questionnaires) with the purpose of starting a mapping of the statements and feeding the focal points of discussions; focus group with six teachers at each meeting (three meetings for each focus group); and, a focus group with semi-structured interviews with technicians from the Municipal Department of Education (SME/SP).The set of official discourses and teachers' discourse becomes curricular content and a logical aspect, and this junction builds the curriculum in public schools. As a result of this study, it is expected to know better the official curriculum implementing from 2017 the City of São Paulo; to go through the Foucaultian field on discourse analysis; identify if there is parrhesia and this we will identify as a gambiarra not in the pejorative sense linked to the term, but as innovation from the action of the teachers in performing their "courage in speaking truth", as their cunning and also if they announce forms of creation, resistance and otherness of teachers in the face of this curriculum, understanding the existing power relations, from their historical conception, to their effectiveness in practice, in the various territories of the city.
Influência da adição de tensoativos em redes de sílica para adsorção de corantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10) Buzato, Gabriel Vinicius; Souza, Adriano Lopes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671885302437668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1667637380565889
Synthetic dyes, normally used industrially, when discarded incorrectly can cause damage to the environment and human life, inhibiting the passage of light in water bodies and hindering the photosynthesis of plants and algae in the aquatic environment. There are several studies with materials capable of adsorbing these harmful compounds, such as carbon nanotubes, but few with silica xerogels modified with surfactants. The adsorption capacity of silica xerogels against methyl orange and crystal violet dyes and the effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants incorporated into the xerogels in the adsorption process were evaluated here. To identify the bonds present in the materials, absorption spectroscopy was used in the infrared region with Fourier transform. For analysis of the pore diameter distribution, the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method was used through Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor dye adsorption. The adsorptions of the dyes indicated a better fit to the pseudo-second order kinetic model with a determination coefficient greater than 0.90. The experimental data fit better to the nonlinear model of Langmuir with a qmax value of 25.8 mg g-1 for the adsorption of crystal violet by the SDS-modified silica xerogel and 25.54 mg g-1 for the adsorption of methyl orange by the CTAB-modified silica xerogel. It was important to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of silica xerogels, as these are low-cost materials and could be used to remove toxic compounds from industrial effluents.
Ecologia ecossistêmica de florestas tropicais: aplicações na restauração e proteção florestal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10) Maure, Lucas Andrigo; Hasui, Erica; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0180729641204176; Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543094930527221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1114421448032412
Forest protection and restoration have been singled out as major solutions to stem the biggest environmental crises of our time: the loss of biodiversity and climate change. However, deciding which sites are appropriate and priority for protection and restoration is not an easy task. Thus, this thesis proposes an ecosystem approach to substantiate such decisions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In the first chapter, we tested the effect of environmental predictors on the resilience and stability of early second-growth forests. Thus, we predict the spatial distribution of both ecosystem parameters to locate areas with ecosystem potential for forest restoration. In the second chapter, we test the effect of environmental predictors on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution, we aim to find priority areas for forest protection and management with a focus on conservation of large numbers of species and carbon density. In the third chapter, we test the effect of climate on the stability of old-growth forests. By predicting their distribution based on current and future climate, we locate areas of gain and loss of forest stability as a result of climate change. While areas of gain have great potential, areas of loss of stability are a priority for forest protection and restoration aiming at the future conservation of species and carbon stocks. The results of this thesis shed light on decisions related to conservation of species and carbon stocks through an ecosystem view of their habitats.
Os intelectuais públicos negros e o processo de democratização da política brasileira (1985-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10) Weber, Patrícia Amorim; Medeiros, Priscila Martins de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7940270138195017
This research aims to analyze the role of black public intellectuals in the process of democratization in Brazil. In more specific terms, we will seek to respond to the following objectives: a) map and analyze the main political positions of black brazilian intellectuals in the debates on three political moments: National Constituent Assembly; law 10,639/2003 and affirmative actions for higher education; b) based on these positions, analyze what were the meanings of democracy conferred by them; c) analyze the meaning and consequences of the institutionalization of the racial relations agenda for the country's democratization process; d) analyze the public role of these intellectuals in the light of contemporary conceptions of black intellectuality. In methodological terms, we used Content Analysis to interpret the data collected through bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews. In addition, we rely on theoretical contributions from Cultural and Post-Colonial Studies. Briefly, the profile of the black public intellectual can be defined as one who argues that there is an intrinsic relationship between theory and politics. From this assumption, they engage politically in public spaces with the aim of fighting for the full insertion of black people in the democratic system, guaranteeing their basic rights as citizens. We could notice that the contribution of these intellectuals to the Brazilian democratization process took place, in general, in two aspects: 1) the first concerns political intervention in public spaces, by participating in and organizing demonstrations and/or being part of government positions; or even by occupying universities, creating research groups and strengthening public policies of racial equality within these spaces; 2) the second concerns the construction of an awareness of the role of blacks in Brazilian social formation. In this second point, by proposing another epistemological and ontological perspective, these intellectuals expanded the meaning of democracy. In this interpretation, the collective becomes an intrinsic value to democratic thinking and social movements become primary actors in the construction and maintenance of a substantially egalitarian society. Here, culture and aesthetics, in addition to socioeconomic issues, are seen as important political tools, therefore, becoming necessary when dealing with civil rights. In their methodologies, these intellectuals go beyond national borders, bringing a diasporic perspective to the analysis. Thus, they provide us with another sociological interpretation of Brazil, having as one of the central elements the criticism of the racialization process and the inequalities resulting from it. Thus, in general, they defend the proposition of a democracy that does not face difference in a hierarchical way.
Conhecimento de graduandos em enfermagem e enfermeiros sobre o programa de gerenciamento de antimicrobianos (PGA): construção e validação de instrumento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10) Simões, Lilian Isabel; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9710019972212048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-8439
Antimicrobials (ATM), a class of medicines that save countless lives, over the years have started to be used on a large scale and often in an indiscriminate and unnecessary way, contributing to microbial resistance (MR) and becoming a serious health problem. global health. One of the strategies developed to combat MR was the creation of the Antimicrobial Management Program (PGA), emphasizing the improvement of control mechanisms for the use of ATM. The inclusion of nurses in a clear, articulated way and with well-defined functions is still incipient in the PGA, pointing to more specific training and training needs on the subject for these professionals. The production of measurement instruments that collaborate with this process is essential. Objective: Develop and validate an instrument to measure the knowledge of nursing students and nurses about the PGA. Method: Methodological study with a quantitative approach. The instrument was developed based on international consensus guidelines, organized into four domains: infection prevention and control; diagnosis of infection and use of antimicrobials; clinical practice of nurses and person-centered care and interprofessional practice on the topic.Content validation was carried out by twelve expert judges who analyzed the instrument for clarity and relevance, using a 4-point Likert scale. Items with a content validity index ≥ 0.80 were considered valid. To evaluate each domain, an agreement rate above 80% was considered adequate. After this stage, the pre-test was carried out with 31 nursing students and nurses. Results: The initial instrument contained 31 questions and upon validation by judges, 12 items underwent wording changes, one item was added (domain 1), one item was unified (domain 2) and two items were deleted (domain 3 and 4). In the pre-test, seven items were rewritten in order to facilitate understanding and not be a confusing factor. The final instrument consisted of 30 dichotomous questions. Conclusion: The tool developed was validated and is available for use in different health care scenarios, being able to measure knowledge prior to and subsequent to educational interventions, being highly effective for use in training students and updating nurses on the topic. Keywords: Surveys and questionnaires; antimicrobial management; nurses and nurses; nursing students; infection control; validation study
Nomeação em crianças pequenas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-10) Aniceto, Gabriela; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1200796633285284; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-9324
The gap left by Skinner's lack of analysis of listener behavior in 1957 led researchers to study listener behavior, its development and its role in verbal behavior. Considering the role of listener as a requirement for the acquisition and maintenance of speaker behavior, it seems essential to study listener behavior as a condition to explain verbal behavior. Therefore, this thesis was divided into two studies. Study 1 was a conceptual work whose objectives were i) to map and characterize the Theory of Naming, analyzing its developments in relation to its conceptual and empirical aspects and its theoretical and empirical limitations and ii) to present and discuss the advances brought in the Theory of Development of Verbal Behavior, in relation to the Theory of Naming. Study 2 was a case study of a 27-month-old child at risk for language development according to the Denver II Developmental Screening Test. The participant was exposed to a teaching procedure structured in MEI with the objective of verifying the emission of the echoing behavior and of selecting for the emergence of naming, relating the child's performance in the teaching procedure with the data collected by the Denver II Test. It is concluded that future studies can use verbal landmarks and their prerequisites to identify the behaviors installed in the children's repertoire and, thus, from this point onwards to the proposition of child development programs that aim at the teaching/emergence of naming. . In addition, future empirical studies can verify the behaviors of imitation and generalized imitation before exposing children to the structured teaching procedure in MEI, so that the operants in rotation are in accordance with the skills already identified and to be taught for emergence of appointment.