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Automação residencial utilizando Raspberry Pi para auxílio a pessoas com deficiência motora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22)
Passini, Bruno Paiva
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Barcellos, Robson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
This work presents a system that was developed to allow people with motor difficulties to remotely control the operation of devices that act on the well-being of the environment. Commands are entered into the system via a cellphone that communicates with a single- board computer, the Raspberry Pi, which receives user commands to turn it on or off. A temperature and humidity sensor are used to control the operating range of a heater and humidifier when turned on.
Estudo da implementação do Lean Construction com apoio do BIM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22)
Fermiano, Lana Maria Aragão
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Bueno, Cristiane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6622005776721164
The Civil Construction Industry is characterized as a sector with a complex production flow. The diversity of stages, even in small projects, produces a large informational input that, based on the current model for organizing and managing project information - based on 2D - has the potential to generate divergences, omissions, duplications or project doubts that reflect in production stages. Besides the lack of integration and communication of the current structure that can drive delays, additional costs and production errors throughout the life cycle of a construction project. Therefore, Lean Construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have the potential to solve some of the most recurrent problems in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation (AECO) industry. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the main Lean Construction tools that contribute to the conduct of construction processes and can be catalyzed through the BIM methodology. To this end, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted in order to collect the main concepts and conclusions already existent on the proposed theme and a Case Study was analyzed in the execution phase of the Last Planner System (LPS) and prefabricated systems, and such implementations converge with the Lean Construction principles. From the RSL, it was possible to conclude that BIM can act as a Lean catalyst methodology due to its collaboration, coordination, facilitated communication, 3D visualisation and 4D simulation functionalities, improving the processes conduction and the product result. In this context, a BIM implementation proposal was carried out with the objective of catalyzing Lean Construction in the Case Study.
Avoiding overfiting: new algorithms to improve generalisation in convolutional neural networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22)
Santos, Claudio Filipi Gonçalves dos
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Papa, João Paulo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3056931143168619
Deep Learning has achieved state-of-the-art results in several domains, such as image processing, natural language processing, and audio processing. To accomplish such results, it uses neural networks with several processing layers along with a massive amount of labeled information. One particular family of Deep Learning is the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which works using convolutional layers derived from the digital signal processing area, being very helpfull to detect relevant features in unstructured data, such as audio and pictures. One way to improve results on CNN is to use regularization algorithms, which aim to make the training process harder but generate models that generalize better for inference when use in applications. The present work contributes in the area of regularization methods for CNNs, proposing more methods for using in different image processing tasks. This thesis presents a collection of works developed by the author during the research period, which were published or submited until present time, presenting: (i) a survey, listing recent regularization works and highlighting the solutions and problems of the area; (ii) a neuron droping method to use in the tensors generated during CNNs training; (iii) a variation of the mentioned method, changing the droping rules, targeting different features of the tensor; and (iv) a label regularization algorithm used in different image processing problems.
A Festa de Santos Reis como resistência da cultura caipira no bairro rural dos Camargos em Juquitiba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22)
Marcelino, Denise de Camargo
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7381414457704564
With a focus on understanding the resistance of caipira culture, a case study was conducted in the Camargos neighborhood, in the municipality of Juquitiba-SP, registering the population’s way of life and especially the performing in the Three Kings’ Day celebration. The municipality has a socio-spatial formation that is historically connected to the formation of rural neighborhoods with the development of caipira culture in the 19th century. Along with urban expansion, caipira societies have undergone transformations regarding their working, leisure, and inhabiting dynamics. However, some changes have happened in a slow and fragmented way, considering that the municipality is still mostly rural, being requested as a spring protection area with decisive environmental importance. Our goal was thus to identify aspects of change and permanence essentially based on caipira sociability. For that, literature on this study area was used, as well as quantitative population and urban infrastructure data to measure the challenges found in these rural areas. Using a qualitative perspective, we adopted the oral history technique to get to know the reality experienced by the inhabitants of the Camargos neighborhood, grasping their memory and experience. Due to its environmental potential and to being part of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, it was possible to register a dynamic of growth in the occupation by summer country houses. Within this complexity, the municipality of Juquitiba is also part of the Ribeira Valley and faces the tendency of emigration due to the low offer of infrastructure in the areas of health, housing, education, and quality of life, while the leisure use of these places grows. Contradictorily, this dynamic can offer employment alternatives for the population, ensuring their permanence in rural neighborhoods. The passage from a subsistence economy to the service sector has kept a way of life that is connected to the land, with flexible time and relative autonomy regarding the religious practices of popular Catholicism. The structure found in family and neighborly-based neighborhoods, in its turn, gives rise to a dense network of communitarian relationships, be it at work or in religious manifestations. Just as it was common in previous decades, it is possible to find elements of the caipira culture reframed and adapted to a new context. Due to the time-space fragmentation, different temporalities coexist in the same space, being expressed at work, in habitation, in the way of dealing with the environment and with the social life. Among the materializations of this way of live, we registered the Three Kings’ Day celebration, which, with its symbolism, reinforces neighborly bonds and affirms the territoriality of the neighborhood life, alluding to the church, the family, and the property, seeking the permanence of its celebration goers for the following years. The celebration outlines the desires of the group, which not only wishes to reach grace through the divine, but to reestablish their contact with collectivity and to reproduce the community spaces of peasant life. Devout celebration goers transport the desires of being, standing, and producing a space, seeking permanence and the symbolic appropriation of their territory.
Análise funcional do gene que codifica xiluloquinase em Xanthomonas citri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-23)
Antão, Solange Cristina
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Alexandrino, André Vessoni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2594277065273566
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Novo-Mansur, Maria Teresa Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198926223396748
Citrus canker causes a decrease in the productivity and quality of citrus fruits due to the lack of efficient control and eradication measures and is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp citri (XAC). In proteomics studies previously carried out by our research group, the involvement of xylose metabolism, a carbohydrate present in the plant wall, in the bacterial infection process was bserved, demonstrating that studies with XAC may have biotechnological importance for the use of plant biomass. The objective of this work was to characterize the XAC xylulokinase (XK) gene, one of the enzymes belonging to this metabolic pathway, responsible for the phosphorylation of D-xylulose [produced from xylose by xylose isomerase enzyme (XI)] to D-xylulose-5-phosphate, then allowing xylose to be metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway. There are two ORFS present in the XAC genome annotated as coding for XK (XAC1775 or xylB1 and XAC4244 or xylB2), and the alignment of the two amino acid sequences revealed only 26% similarity between them. These two genes annotated as coding for XK were used in the construction of an IPTG-inducible heterologous expression system to evaluate their predicted activities. The expression of the xylB2 gene returned an insoluble protein, and studies with xylB1 continued. Enzyme activity studies demonstrated that xylB1 encodes a functional xylulose kinase enzyme, and kinetic studies revealed the value of the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) to be 0.7947 ± 0,4032 mM and the value of Vmax to be 0,01217 ± 0,001130 µMol of xylulose.min-1.mg of protein-1. In a Pull-Down assay to investigate possible XK interacting proteins, the results indicated absence or undetectable concentrations of proteins from the total cell extract that interact with XK of XAC. An attempt was also made to obtain a mutant strain deleted in the xylB1 gene, based on a double homologous recombination methodology, with the construction of the suicide vector (pNPTS138_ xylB1) with the in tandem cloning of fragments 1 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream to the xylB1 gene. So far, a heterogeneous colony was obtained, possibly containing the wild and the mutant strains (mutant to be named XAC∆1775), which is in the process of isolation of the mutant for further characterization against the wild strain regarding its pathogenicity. Given the importance of xylose metabolism within the current economic-strategic context of using plant biomass, this work aims to add knowledge about this metabolic pathway in XAC and is a pioneer in the molecular characterization of the xylulokinase (XK) gene in the genus Xanthomonas.
Repercussões da violência de gênero: um estudo com base nas histórias de mulheres que buscaram ajuda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-23)
Menzani, Rosana Maria
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Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5780408703746760
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8499701296637241
Several studies show that the many different situations of violence are considered a serious public health issue. Among the violence types that exist, the one against women, understood as gender-based violence, is considered a universal problem, regardless of the country's culture, level of education, religion, socioeconomic status or level of development. In this sense, this study focused on gender violence, based on the narratives of the women interviewed, seeking to understand the stories and experiences of women in situations of violence, and paying special attention to the role of the care network that assists women in situations of violence. This is a qualitative and exploratory study, carried out through interviews with women who have experienced domestic violence, all of whom are treated at a Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance (CREAS) in a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo (SP). The results show that women suffered all types of violence, ranging from humiliation to deprivation of freedom and food, verbal, psychological and physical aggression, among others; not counting on family and community support to deal with the situation and showing insecurity to trust the professionals and services of the care network that answers to women in situations of violence. In conclusion, it is necessary to discuss and think collectively about more effective actions and strategies to provide attention, prevention and recovery of gender violence victims, based on a network that, in fact, is supportive and assists women throughout their journey seeking help.
O teleatendimento nas atividades de ensino de terapia ocupacional em disfunção física do adulto durante a pandemia de COVID-19: percepções dos alunos de um projeto de extensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-23)
Guimarães, Ludmila Boaventura
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Martim, Heloisa
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Paiva, Gisele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385641297899352
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3839445810877018
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the confirmation of numerous cases and deaths in a short time worldwide. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the new coronavirus a pandemic and from there, an effort by countries began to try to contain the spread of the virus. Of the measures taken, social isolation was the most effective, so far, being adopted both in Brazil and in other countries. Through social isolation, there was a change in people's behavior and habits, when they had to study and work at home by digital means. Federal Universities, in view of the scenario caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, established the suspension of face-to-face classes, as well as extension projects. In this way, teaching activities underwent changes in remote formats, as well as community service through extension and research projects. The objective of this study was to understand the perceptions of students from an Occupational Therapy undergraduate course at a Federal University in Telehealth in a University Extension Project. Based on this pandemic scenario and the adjustments for telehealth, the expected results in this research sought to understand what was the impact of this form of service for the formation of the student, what were the difficulties faced by them and to map their implications within the formation of undergraduates in the Occupational Therapy Course. The results that were found after data analysis were the following categories and thematic units respectively: Changes in Learning Processes (Challenges and development of new skills, Adaptation to remote care, Changes in student routine and Development of clinical reasoning); Differences in Health Care (Flexibility of strategies, Participation and bonding, Physical and social distancing, Understanding of everyday life and Use of technologies); Call center: how do I understand this strategy? (Continuity of Care), Social Isolation and Difficulties in the Teaching Activity (Use of technologies and digital tools, Bonding, Routine and Search for knowledge); Teaching Strategies (Learning Development); Guidance Material, (Contributions in the learning process, Use of Materials Produced); and, finally, Strategies and Difficulties in Telehealth (Strategies and Difficulties, Adequate Space, Technologies and Digital Tools, and Distance). Teaching and care underwent changes in their processes that generated great potential despite the challenges faced. Dealing with internet access problems, inadequate work and study space, new ways of evaluating and studying were just a part of what was built, but everything is opposed to the exchanges generated, the development of learning and the pro-activity of the students, as well as as the continuity of care provided to users with the flexibility of intervention strategies.
Dialética da impossibilidade social (ou a dialética do sonho e do impedimento): um estudo sobre João Antônio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-23)
Lopes, Leandro de Oliveira
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685606169755410
In this study we investigate João Antônio's literature from a specific interpretation of the essay “Dialética da malandragem”, by Antonio Candido. We suggest that if, in addition to a division between poles, in which obedience to laws and customs is considered as a line that separates order and disorder, dialectics can also understand a social logic that divides the country into hierarchical classes among themselves, it will be possible to notice in his texts the literary representation of a system that naturalizes violence and impossibilities, in the mold of a country project that wants to be advantageous for the few and adverse for the many. What we are indicating - which also involves the notes of the "Dialética da marginalidade" - is a conception that starts from the point of view of João Antônio's own characters to try to understand how this specific logic of inequalities affects the texts of the author, who was notable precisely for the interpretation of the Brazilian popular classes. It is as a synthesis of this literary analysis and its probable correspondence with the concrete life of the country that we name the model as the dialectic of social impossibility. It is a proposal that begins with Candido's analytical method and is structured on the perspective of these characters to identify the mechanisms that try to define their place in the world, which meticulously seems to intend to bequeath them violence, impossibility, and abandonment. In view of this, in this study we focus on the known fictional texts by João Antônio, prioritizing those in which the popular classes are markedly addressed and in which the author privileges the figure of the malandro and his contacts with small bandits. Thus, our corpus of analysis is composed of eight short stories from the book Contos reunidos, which brings together all the author's fictional production. Our hypothesis suggests a new debate regarding the work of João Antônio, indicating that it should be seen as the literary representation of the functioning of the social structure organization that affects concrete life of people and classes in the country.
Poder econômico e extraeconômico do agro latifundiário no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24)
Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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Cunha, Sebastião Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
A questão agrária brasileira é marcada pela subordinação da agricultura à lógica do capital, com sua tendência à concentração da propriedade da terra e dos meios de produção. Nas décadas mais recentes, a hegemonia do agronegócio no rural brasileiro alterou padrões anteriores de acumulação de capital, todavia, nossa hipótese é que o poder econômico e extraeconômico do agro latifundiário no país é um elemento estrutural e estruturante da (e na) questão agrária brasileira, notadamente pelas imbricações que se estabelecem, pacífica ou coercitivamente, entre economia e política. Dito isso, o objetivo desse artigo é evidenciar que, mesmo passível de alterações na aparência, o agro latifundiário brasileiro mantém, dialeticamente sua essência no processo de acumulação ampliada de capital, por meio de sua capacidade – legal ou não – de apropriação privada e concentrada da terra e de fundos públicos. Configura-se assim, como buscamos demonstrar ao longo do trabalho, uma dinâmica que, mesmo apresentada como síntese da modernidade, se sustenta pela força econômica, política e coercitiva que a propriedade da terra confere a uma determinada fração da classe dominante.
Equações diferenciais estocásticas e as estratégias de hedging no mercado de opções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24)
Souza, Matheus de Oliveira
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Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3018901874811436
The Stochastic Differential Equation models (SDEs) assume an important role in finances. The major part of these models try to help the investors with the risk management of the financial activities and they use SDEs for describing the evaluation of certain variables such as the price and the volatility of assets. In this sense, one of our goals for this dissertation is to study how the financial market works, with special attention to option price and hedging strategies. The second goal is to show the mathematical modeling process with SDEs and, then, explore the models as Black - Scholes - Merton and it version with many assets. Finally, we conclude by presenting applications in real data and some possibilities to extend the option price models.
Modeling survival data based on a reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24)
Mota, Alex Leal
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
In this work, we propose different statistical modeling for survival data based on a reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution. Initially, we present this distribution and study its mathematical properties, maximum likelihood estimation, and numerical simulations. Then, we propose a novel frailty model by using the reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution for modeling unobserved heterogeneity in univariate survival data. The frailty is introduced multiplicatively on the baseline hazard function. We obtain unconditional survival and hazard functions through the Laplace transform function of the frailty distribution. We assume hazard functions of the Weibull and Gompertz distributions as the baseline hazard functions and use the maximum likelihood method for estimating the resulting model parameters. Simulation studies are further performed to verify the behavior of maximum likelihood estimators under different proportions of right-censoring and to assess the performance of the likelihood ratio test to detect unobserved heterogeneity in different sample sizes. Also, we propose a frailty long-term model where the frailties are described by reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution. An advantage of the proposed model is to jointly model the heterogeneity among patients by their frailties and the presence of a cured fraction of them. We assume that the unknown number of competing causes that can influence the survival time follows a negative binomial distribution and that the time for the $k$-th competing cause to produce the event of interest follows the reparameterized weighted Lindley frailty model with Weibull baseline distribution. Some special cases of the model are presented. The cure fraction is modeled by using the logit link function. Again, we use the maximum likelihood method under random right-censoring to estimate the proposed model parameters. Further, we present a Monte Carlo simulation study to verify the maximum likelihood estimators' behavior assuming different sample sizes and censoring proportions. Finally, we extend the non-proportional generalized time-dependent logistic regression model by incorporating reparameterized weighted Lindley frailties. This proposed modeling has several important characteristics, such as non-proportional hazards, identifies the presence of long-term survivors without the addition of new parameters, captures the unobserved heterogeneity, allows the intersection of survival curves, and allows decreasing or unimodal hazard function. Again, parameter estimation is performed using the maximum likelihood method. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the asymptotic properties of the estimators as well as some properties of the model. The potentiality of all the proposed models is analyzed by employing real datasets and model comparisons are performed.
Política de Educação Especial em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19 (2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24)
Alves, Suelen Priscila Ferreira
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Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5173339231276121
During 2020, with the recommendations of social isolation, Emergency Remote Teaching was accepted as a possibility for the continuity of the school year. In this direction, the Federal Government, Ministry of Education and the National Council of Education and Private Institutions released documents to guide and provide educational guidelines for this period. Focusing on Special Education policies in Brazil, this research has the general objective of analyzing Special Education policies in Brazil in the face of changes justified by the COVID-19 (2020) pandemic. And specific objectives: a. To analyze the social, political and economic context of Brazil in times of the COVID-19 pandemic; B. Characterize the proposed changes to special education in the investigated period; C. Expose the arguments for formulating consensus presented by groups that dispute Special Education policies in Brazil. Given this reality, the main question of this research is: what are the proposed changes to the Special Education policy, justified by the validity of the COVID-19 pandemic? This research supported by Dialectic Historical Materialism has document analysis as its methodological procedure. Data collection was carried out on the website of the Ministries of Education, National Council of Education, Todos Pela Educação and Instituto Rodrigo Mendes. The official documents were saved in folders and the drill down was described in a Word document. The Iramuteq software was used to support data processing. A discourse analysis was carried out through the category of Integral State from Antonio Gramsci. The following documents were analyzed: Opinion CNE/CP nº 5/2020; Opinion CNE/CP No. 11/2020; Opinion CNE/CP No. 15/2020; Opinion CNE/CP No. 16/2020; Decree No. 10,502; Protocols on inclusive education during the COVID-19 pandemic: an overflight through 23 countries and international organizations; Technical note: the return to face-to-face classes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; Technical note: distance learning in basic education in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis point to the expansion of the possibilities of privatization of Special Education, expansion of Distance Education, involvement of private hegemony devices and companies in the formulation of policies, proposal for training teachers for socio-emotional skills and hybrid teaching, proposal for reduced education activities and far from a perspective of humanization, expansion of school inequality and exclusion of students with disabilities. The results showed that the policies proposed for Special Education in this period of 2020, this pandemic, do not innovate in relation to what was already proposed, however, it deepens historical relationships in the area such as the privatization and segregation of students served by this policy. Conditions that point to the need to fight for public schools.
Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ibiúna/SP: gestão democrática em perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24)
Giordano, Daniele Xavier Ferreira
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Lima, Paulo Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790089961770068
The objective of the research was to analyze the process of democratic management in the Municipal Council of Ibiúna/SP from the perspective of its councilors regarding decentralization, autonomy and participation in decision-making. The methodological approach was guided by a qualitative approach of an exploratory nature and organized by documental and field research. We used the bibliographic survey on the subject in the context of the State of Knowledge among articles and books printed from the following open access platforms: a) bank of theses and dissertations of the Higher Education Personnel Coordination (CAPES); b) CAPES periodicals; c) Annals of Education Policies and Management in Brazil whose theme was the Municipal Education Councils of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba; and d) Open access journals relevant to the topic. In the field of documentary research, the analysis of federal, state and municipal legislation was carried out, and as for the Municipal Council of Education of Ibiúna/SP, the internal regulations and minutes of the meetings of the Municipal Council of Education of Ibiúna-SP were analyzed, whose period cut was from 2015-2019, as it is a five-year period from the implementation of the Municipal Education Plan (2015-2025). For the purpose of data collection, the following documents were used: 1. Characterization script of the respondent, which addressed issues relevant to the personal data of the interviewees, as well as their training and representation in the CME-Ibiúna/SP; 2. Preliminary survey script for CME-Ibiúna/SP, which contextualized specific information about the body in question, such as its organization and functioning; 3. Semi-structured script of interviews directed to the councilors of the CME-Ibiúna/SP, in number of three, whose selection criteria were councilors who worked in the last five years and who followed the construction of the Municipal Education Plan of that municipality. To analyze the minutes of meetings and speech of the interviewees, the content analysis of Bardin (2011) was used. The research in its entirety made it possible to infer that, although the CME-Ibiúna/SP is active and its members show care, commitment and proactivity in relation to meeting the local educational demand, democratic management is still in its infancy and the benchmarks of quality in education, decentralization, autonomy and participation need more dialogue.
Geotecnologias aplicadas à avaliação de indicadores ambientais e de desigualdade social na cidade de São Carlos – SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24)
Camacho, Vitor Augusto Luizari
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Moschini, Luiz Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699544780403735
The rapid urban expansion of Brazilian cities has modified the natural landscape, altering the environmental conditions and generating social inequalities. The present research has as its starting point the relationship between social and environmental conditions in the urban space of São Carlos - SP, whose objective is to analyze the socio-environmental problems, such as floods, heat islands, deficiency of vegetation cover and irregular waste disposal and verify its relationships with patterns of social inequality. Using cartography and geotechnological tools, multiple indicators were mapped and synthesized into a social exclusion index. The theoretical methodological framework was the theory of urban space production, so the scale of work is the urban perimeter, where these processes are evidenced. To make the cartographies, techniques of digital image processing (DIP), remote sensing, and georeferencing of indicators and other bases were used in a geographic information system in the QGIS software. Through the cartographic products and spatial analysis it was possible to state that there is a spatial relationship between the inequality index and the environmental indicators. It was also possible to point out mitigation measures for the impacts caused by the problems in the urban space of São Carlos. From the results of this research, it is intended to demonstrate potential for replicability in other cities and scales, as well as to subsidize the formulation of public policies and environmental and urban planning, serving managers, decision-makers and social organizations.
A institucionalização de interesses organizados na agenda do Estado no Brasil e na Argentina em perspectiva comparada: o caso do futebol (1930-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-25)
Nascimento, Jefferson Ferreira do
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7094829662221404
The objective of this thesis was to verify how the process of political institutionalization of organized soccer interests in Brazil and Argentina took place, based on historical neo-institutionalism and the path dependence. For this, we carried out bibliographic and documentary analysis on the period 1930-2020 using the Comparative Process Tracing (CPT) method. The information was organized in critical junctures and focal points, and the analysis was carried out intra-cases and between-cases. For Brazil, we conducted semi-structured interviews with former deputy Silvio Torres and journalist Juca Kfouri. The limitations imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to contact Argentine politicians and journalists for interviews. The interviews allowed greater detail and comparison of the image produced by the research with the impressions of qualified observers of the analyzed phenomenon, but they do not support inferences and conclusions in isolation. We argue that an institutionalization process initiated before the party system raises the costs of breaking the trajectory, tending to institutional changes by layering. As a result, we identified that the set of football entities was configured as an informal political institution in both countries. The entry of organized football interests into the state agenda is related to the crisis of liberalism. However, there are specificities: the dispute between Brazilian soccer managers and the labor mobilization of the Argentine players provoked conflicts considered deleterious. The Argentine concentric arrangement potentiated the effects of the context of the Buenos Aires metropolitan region, bringing the influence of urban conflicts to soccer matters; the Brazilian polycentric arrangement shifted conflicts to intra-elite disputes. Thus, the entry of the State on the scene occurs at the same time, under different justifications and generated consequences that are still present today: the relative importance of championships and regional classics in Brazil; the mobilization capacity of Argentine players and the concentration of the main clubs in Buenos Aires and surroundings. Another distinctive point is the institutional design: Federalism institutes intergovernmental relations that, together with the party system's ability to channel demands, impact the way interests are organized and inserted into the political system. In Brazil, this resulted in strategies for acting in the Legislature in the post-redemocratization period – see the formation of the “bancada da bola”. In Argentina, interests depend on the participation of provincial leaders and action on the Federal Executive.
Impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 da gestão de resíduos recicláveis nos municípios de Belo Horizonte (MG), Curitiba (PR) e São Paulo (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-26)
Protásio, Júlia Ramos
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Ventura, Katia Sakihama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3936696960780426
The spread of Covid-19 has limited the maintenance and development of various activities in the world. The population's participation in segregation and recycling in the recyclable solid waste sector is essential to promote conscious consumption, environmental preservation and income for recyclable collectors, especially in times of crisis. However, with the pandemic, this sector was directly impacted by the total or partial suspension of its activities, or by the influence on the amount of materials received and marketed. The general objective was to identify the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the management of recyclable solid waste, between March 2020 and March 2022, in the municipalities of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), Curitiba (Paraná) and São Paulo ( State of Sao Paulo). The methodology used in this research consisted of a bibliographic and documentary review on the subject, selection of case study objects, identification and systematization of recommendations to assess the quality of recyclable waste management, and their application in case studies. Among the results, it was possible to identify 20 recommendations, organized in the management groups of Planning, Socio-educational Actions and Management. The evaluation of the observations, based on the Likert scale (1, 3, 5), totaled indicators with scores from 20 to 100. The cities of São Paulo and Belo Horizonte reached 92 points, and Curitiba with 82 points. In the Planning axis, the initiatives with the greatest variation between capitals were those directly related to recyclable waste pickers, with São Paulo meeting all the recommendations. In the Socio-Educational Actions group, the only initiative not attended by Curitiba and São Paulo was the cleaning of Recyclable Waste after collection by the collectors. In the Management group, it was noticed that the capitals met most of the initiatives. The main conclusions were: the lack of a tool to evaluate the management of RRS in pandemic events, the existence of 3 municipalities that can serve as an experience to direct public policies in this sense, and the need for other public administrators to pay attention to the new adaptations of management of essential services in a pandemic situation.
Dopagem e formação de heterojunções como estratégias para o melhoramento da propriedade fotocatalítica de Ag3PO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-27)
Trench, Aline Barrios
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5844795823690460
In recent years, the growing technological and industrial activities in sectors such as pharmaceuticals and textiles have shown side effects on the environment and human health. Such effects are related to the generation of harmful waste and its inappropriate disposal to the environment, mainly aquatic, directly impacting human and animal health. Among several processes for the treatment of these residues, heterogeneous photocatalysis has been considered an effective method for this purpose. With this, the search for new materials and the improvement of the properties of photocatalysts have grown abruptly. Due to its intrinsic photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic compounds, silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) has been widely researched in order to improve its properties for the treatment of contaminated effluents. The formation of heterojunctions between semiconductors and also their doping have been shown to be efficient in improving the photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4 for the degradation of dyes and drugs. Thus, this study had as main objective the modification of Ag3PO4 through doping with tungsten (W) and separately, through the formation of heterojunction with silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4). In both works, the materials were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method and as main results, the doping of W in the Ag3PO4 structure caused the formation of disordered [AgO4], [PO4], and [WO4] clusters, which generate intermediate energy levels in the band gap region. These levels delay the electron-hole pair recombination process, resulting in an improvement in the photocatalytic performance of doped materials for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye, Cephalexin antibiotic, and Imidacloprid pesticide, under visible light irradiation. In addition, the presence of W in Ag3PO4 showed a 16-fold increase in bactericidal performance against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. For the formation of heterojunction, it was observed that the material containing 24 wt% of α-Ag2WO4 showed superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B dye compared to the separated materials. Based on the reduction potentials of the valence and conduction bands of α-Ag2WO4 and Ag3PO4, obtained experimentally by the Mulliken electronegativity method, a type I heterojunction charge transfer mechanism was proposed for these materials. In addition, the formation of metallic silver nanoparticles at the semiconductors interface was observed, acting as a bridge and increasing the transfer and separation of charges between the semiconductors. Thus, in this study it was possible to obtain photocatalyst materials and improve the photocatalytic properties of Ag3PO4 through doping with W and the formation of heterojunction with α-Ag2WO4.
A natureza e a criança: uma relação essencial para o desenvolvimento infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-27)
Vellozo, Letícia Munhoz
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Alves, Fernando Donizete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5663159381076383
This research addresses the theme of environments and natural elements as one of the structuring axes of educational practice in early childhood education and the teaching and learning process of children, and aims, through participant observation, to show how children appropriate these environments and elements in daily life and school practices. This research intends to answer the question: Understand which environments and natural elements are part of a kindergarten school in São Carlos and how they are explored by children and by the educational practice present in the school routine. In order to do so, it sought in theoretical references, contributions from authors who discuss the importance of nature in early childhood education, as well as Brazilian documents for this type of education that reinforce outdoor experiences, both references maintain that environments and natural elements are fundamental, among other things, for the development of creativity, imagination and ecological awareness. In addition, considering that the child's main activity is play, as well as its creative re-elaboration, being in natural environments and enjoying its elements expands the possibilities of play and creation, stimulating curiosity, inspiring new discoveries and developing different ways of thinking. So, this research with a qualitative approach sought, through participant observation, to collect data in an early childhood school in São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo, with children aged four and five. The insertions were for two hours a day for 18 days at different times of the school routine and the data were organized into observation journals and photographs. It is worth noting that the research took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, so there were some complications during the collection. The data were analyzed according to the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin (2016) and divided into three categories: Fauna and flora of the school environment, Elements of nature (water, earth, air and fire) and Natural elements (sticks, stones, seeds, leaves, etc.). However, when the school environment is thought collectively and allows the child to have contact with the external environment, it provides opportunities for experiences, challenges, curiosity, creativity and autonomy, in addition, this contact with nature allows the child to relate, be enchanted and become aware of caring for the Earth, awakening ecological awareness and the formation of more conscious and responsible adults.
Microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas da liga Al7SiMg contaminada com 2,8%Fe e processada por fusão seletiva a laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-28)
Pereira, Leandro Henrique
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
The solidification kinetics imposed by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) leads the microstructure of the manufactured metallic components to present intrinsic characteristics such as: microstructural and phase refinement, elements in solid solution and columnar grains. The columnar grains formation during solidification can lead to hot cracking, as occur in the majority aluminum alloys, except for hypoeutectic alloys Al-10Si-0.6Mg, and Al-7Si-0.7Mg (%wt), which are commercial alloys widely used in SLM processes. Iron contamination occurs on a large scale in aluminum alloys and causes the formation of undesirable intermetallic phases, restricting the processing of these alloys. Therefore, the aluminum alloy Al-7Si-0.7Mg (%wt) was used as feedstock in this study, which 2.8 %wt of Fe was added. It is widely known in the literature that Fe has low solubility limit in aluminum matrix, and its presence must be carefully controlled. Iron content higher than solubility limit in AlSi alloys contribute to the formation of AlSiFe intermetallics with platelet-like morphology, which are responsible for degradation of mechanical properties. The Al-7Si-0.7Mg-2.8Fe alloy was obtained by Conventional Casting (CC), and processed by gas atomization and SLM. This study showed that the SLM processes is able to mitigate the deleterious effects caused by Fe-rich intermetallics on the mechanical properties of the Al-7Si-0.7Mg-2.8Fe alloy. Providing microstructural refinement, and rounding of AlFeSi phases and silicon particles, and appreciable amount of Si and Mg in solid solution, the alloy processed by SLM achieved excellent mechanical properties compared to the conventional casting alloy, and equivalents compared to Al-7Si-0.7Mg alloys with commercial composition present in the literature without iron contamination. The study opens up the possibility of expanding the use of primary aluminum alloys that suffer iron contamination, representing a new high added-value recycling route.
Obtenção de poliploides in vivo e in vitro de Brassolaeliocattleya
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-28)
Vilcherrez Atoche, Joe Abdul
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Mondin, Mateus
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6229715042794538
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
Cattleya is one of the genera of tropical orchids with great importance for the flower market due to the size and color of its flowers. However, problems such as its long vegetative and juvenile period, as well as the short shelf life of its flowers, make it difficult for its commercial insertion, when compared to other orchid genera of greater commercial importance. The artificial induction of polyploids can result in the incorporation of agronomic and ornamental characteristics of interest in Cattleya hybrids, such as Brassolaeliocattleya. Colchicine is the most commonly used alkaloid to generate polyploidy in plants due to its antimitotic properties, but at the same time it produces phytotoxic effects on plant material, requiring specific studies for different plant genotypes. Thus, the present work aimed to develop an efficient protocol for the production of polyploid plants from the progeny of Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle "LC" having as factors the types of explants, concentrations and exposure times to colchicine. In addition, we also studied the effects of colchicine exposure on different types of explants in Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle "LC" progeny. Colchicine produced several effects on the in vitro development of seeds, protocorms and seedlings of the progeny of Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle “LC”, where the different responses of explants to the alkaloid depended on concentrations, exposure times and interactions between both factors. Seeds, protocorms and seedlings of the progeny of Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle “LC” resulted in a polyploidization efficiency of 3.21%; 13.46% and 22.08%, respectively, analyzed by flow cytometry. Regarding the frequencies of polyploidy in seeds, the treatments 6 h/0.08%, 18 h/0.04% and 18 h/0.06% had polyploidy frequencies of 13%, 25% and 25% respectively. For the protocorms, treatments 6 h/0.04% and 18 h/0.08% resulted in the highest frequencies of polyploids of 46% and 44%, respectively. For seedlings, treatments 6 h/0.04%, 12 h/0.04%, 24 h/0.02% and 24 h/0.08% generated frequencies equal to or greater than 50%. Chromosomal analysis estimates showed that Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty and Blc. Goldenzelle “LC” and the progeny of Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle "LC" had 70 chromosomes, while the progeny of Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle “LC” polyploidized had 140 chromosomes. According to the results, colchicine had effects on the in vitro development and growth of seeds, protocorms and seedlings of the progeny of Blc. Haw Yuan Beauty x Blc. Goldenzelle “LC” and allowed the production of polyploidized plants.