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Estudo da implementação do Lean Construction com apoio do BIM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22) Fermiano, Lana Maria Aragão; Bueno, Cristiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2049901634471620; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6622005776721164
The Civil Construction Industry is characterized as a sector with a complex production flow. The diversity of stages, even in small projects, produces a large informational input that, based on the current model for organizing and managing project information - based on 2D - has the potential to generate divergences, omissions, duplications or project doubts that reflect in production stages. Besides the lack of integration and communication of the current structure that can drive delays, additional costs and production errors throughout the life cycle of a construction project. Therefore, Lean Construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have the potential to solve some of the most recurrent problems in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation (AECO) industry. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the main Lean Construction tools that contribute to the conduct of construction processes and can be catalyzed through the BIM methodology. To this end, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted in order to collect the main concepts and conclusions already existent on the proposed theme and a Case Study was analyzed in the execution phase of the Last Planner System (LPS) and prefabricated systems, and such implementations converge with the Lean Construction principles. From the RSL, it was possible to conclude that BIM can act as a Lean catalyst methodology due to its collaboration, coordination, facilitated communication, 3D visualisation and 4D simulation functionalities, improving the processes conduction and the product result. In this context, a BIM implementation proposal was carried out with the objective of catalyzing Lean Construction in the Case Study.
Avoiding overfiting: new algorithms to improve generalisation in convolutional neural networks
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22) Santos, Claudio Filipi Gonçalves dos; Papa, João Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3056931143168619
Deep Learning has achieved state-of-the-art results in several domains, such as image processing, natural language processing, and audio processing. To accomplish such results, it uses neural networks with several processing layers along with a massive amount of labeled information. One particular family of Deep Learning is the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which works using convolutional layers derived from the digital signal processing area, being very helpfull to detect relevant features in unstructured data, such as audio and pictures. One way to improve results on CNN is to use regularization algorithms, which aim to make the training process harder but generate models that generalize better for inference when use in applications. The present work contributes in the area of regularization methods for CNNs, proposing more methods for using in different image processing tasks. This thesis presents a collection of works developed by the author during the research period, which were published or submited until present time, presenting: (i) a survey, listing recent regularization works and highlighting the solutions and problems of the area; (ii) a neuron droping method to use in the tensors generated during CNNs training; (iii) a variation of the mentioned method, changing the droping rules, targeting different features of the tensor; and (iv) a label regularization algorithm used in different image processing problems.
Automação residencial utilizando Raspberry Pi para auxílio a pessoas com deficiência motora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22) Passini, Bruno Paiva; Barcellos, Robson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
This work presents a system that was developed to allow people with motor difficulties to remotely control the operation of devices that act on the well-being of the environment. Commands are entered into the system via a cellphone that communicates with a single- board computer, the Raspberry Pi, which receives user commands to turn it on or off. A temperature and humidity sensor are used to control the operating range of a heater and humidifier when turned on.
A Festa de Santos Reis como resistência da cultura caipira no bairro rural dos Camargos em Juquitiba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-22) Marcelino, Denise de Camargo; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7381414457704564
With a focus on understanding the resistance of caipira culture, a case study was conducted in the Camargos neighborhood, in the municipality of Juquitiba-SP, registering the population’s way of life and especially the performing in the Three Kings’ Day celebration. The municipality has a socio-spatial formation that is historically connected to the formation of rural neighborhoods with the development of caipira culture in the 19th century. Along with urban expansion, caipira societies have undergone transformations regarding their working, leisure, and inhabiting dynamics. However, some changes have happened in a slow and fragmented way, considering that the municipality is still mostly rural, being requested as a spring protection area with decisive environmental importance. Our goal was thus to identify aspects of change and permanence essentially based on caipira sociability. For that, literature on this study area was used, as well as quantitative population and urban infrastructure data to measure the challenges found in these rural areas. Using a qualitative perspective, we adopted the oral history technique to get to know the reality experienced by the inhabitants of the Camargos neighborhood, grasping their memory and experience. Due to its environmental potential and to being part of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, it was possible to register a dynamic of growth in the occupation by summer country houses. Within this complexity, the municipality of Juquitiba is also part of the Ribeira Valley and faces the tendency of emigration due to the low offer of infrastructure in the areas of health, housing, education, and quality of life, while the leisure use of these places grows. Contradictorily, this dynamic can offer employment alternatives for the population, ensuring their permanence in rural neighborhoods. The passage from a subsistence economy to the service sector has kept a way of life that is connected to the land, with flexible time and relative autonomy regarding the religious practices of popular Catholicism. The structure found in family and neighborly-based neighborhoods, in its turn, gives rise to a dense network of communitarian relationships, be it at work or in religious manifestations. Just as it was common in previous decades, it is possible to find elements of the caipira culture reframed and adapted to a new context. Due to the time-space fragmentation, different temporalities coexist in the same space, being expressed at work, in habitation, in the way of dealing with the environment and with the social life. Among the materializations of this way of live, we registered the Three Kings’ Day celebration, which, with its symbolism, reinforces neighborly bonds and affirms the territoriality of the neighborhood life, alluding to the church, the family, and the property, seeking the permanence of its celebration goers for the following years. The celebration outlines the desires of the group, which not only wishes to reach grace through the divine, but to reestablish their contact with collectivity and to reproduce the community spaces of peasant life. Devout celebration goers transport the desires of being, standing, and producing a space, seeking permanence and the symbolic appropriation of their territory.