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Política de Educação Especial em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19 (2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24) Alves, Suelen Priscila Ferreira; Orlando, Rosimeire Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5173339231276121
During 2020, with the recommendations of social isolation, Emergency Remote Teaching was accepted as a possibility for the continuity of the school year. In this direction, the Federal Government, Ministry of Education and the National Council of Education and Private Institutions released documents to guide and provide educational guidelines for this period. Focusing on Special Education policies in Brazil, this research has the general objective of analyzing Special Education policies in Brazil in the face of changes justified by the COVID-19 (2020) pandemic. And specific objectives: a. To analyze the social, political and economic context of Brazil in times of the COVID-19 pandemic; B. Characterize the proposed changes to special education in the investigated period; C. Expose the arguments for formulating consensus presented by groups that dispute Special Education policies in Brazil. Given this reality, the main question of this research is: what are the proposed changes to the Special Education policy, justified by the validity of the COVID-19 pandemic? This research supported by Dialectic Historical Materialism has document analysis as its methodological procedure. Data collection was carried out on the website of the Ministries of Education, National Council of Education, Todos Pela Educação and Instituto Rodrigo Mendes. The official documents were saved in folders and the drill down was described in a Word document. The Iramuteq software was used to support data processing. A discourse analysis was carried out through the category of Integral State from Antonio Gramsci. The following documents were analyzed: Opinion CNE/CP nº 5/2020; Opinion CNE/CP No. 11/2020; Opinion CNE/CP No. 15/2020; Opinion CNE/CP No. 16/2020; Decree No. 10,502; Protocols on inclusive education during the COVID-19 pandemic: an overflight through 23 countries and international organizations; Technical note: the return to face-to-face classes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; Technical note: distance learning in basic education in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis point to the expansion of the possibilities of privatization of Special Education, expansion of Distance Education, involvement of private hegemony devices and companies in the formulation of policies, proposal for training teachers for socio-emotional skills and hybrid teaching, proposal for reduced education activities and far from a perspective of humanization, expansion of school inequality and exclusion of students with disabilities. The results showed that the policies proposed for Special Education in this period of 2020, this pandemic, do not innovate in relation to what was already proposed, however, it deepens historical relationships in the area such as the privatization and segregation of students served by this policy. Conditions that point to the need to fight for public schools.
Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ibiúna/SP: gestão democrática em perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24) Giordano, Daniele Xavier Ferreira; Lima, Paulo Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790089961770068
The objective of the research was to analyze the process of democratic management in the Municipal Council of Ibiúna/SP from the perspective of its councilors regarding decentralization, autonomy and participation in decision-making. The methodological approach was guided by a qualitative approach of an exploratory nature and organized by documental and field research. We used the bibliographic survey on the subject in the context of the State of Knowledge among articles and books printed from the following open access platforms: a) bank of theses and dissertations of the Higher Education Personnel Coordination (CAPES); b) CAPES periodicals; c) Annals of Education Policies and Management in Brazil whose theme was the Municipal Education Councils of the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba; and d) Open access journals relevant to the topic. In the field of documentary research, the analysis of federal, state and municipal legislation was carried out, and as for the Municipal Council of Education of Ibiúna/SP, the internal regulations and minutes of the meetings of the Municipal Council of Education of Ibiúna-SP were analyzed, whose period cut was from 2015-2019, as it is a five-year period from the implementation of the Municipal Education Plan (2015-2025). For the purpose of data collection, the following documents were used: 1. Characterization script of the respondent, which addressed issues relevant to the personal data of the interviewees, as well as their training and representation in the CME-Ibiúna/SP; 2. Preliminary survey script for CME-Ibiúna/SP, which contextualized specific information about the body in question, such as its organization and functioning; 3. Semi-structured script of interviews directed to the councilors of the CME-Ibiúna/SP, in number of three, whose selection criteria were councilors who worked in the last five years and who followed the construction of the Municipal Education Plan of that municipality. To analyze the minutes of meetings and speech of the interviewees, the content analysis of Bardin (2011) was used. The research in its entirety made it possible to infer that, although the CME-Ibiúna/SP is active and its members show care, commitment and proactivity in relation to meeting the local educational demand, democratic management is still in its infancy and the benchmarks of quality in education, decentralization, autonomy and participation need more dialogue.
Equações diferenciais estocásticas e as estratégias de hedging no mercado de opções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24) Souza, Matheus de Oliveira; Ferreira, Ricardo Felipe; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2355076087945221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3018901874811436
The Stochastic Differential Equation models (SDEs) assume an important role in finances. The major part of these models try to help the investors with the risk management of the financial activities and they use SDEs for describing the evaluation of certain variables such as the price and the volatility of assets. In this sense, one of our goals for this dissertation is to study how the financial market works, with special attention to option price and hedging strategies. The second goal is to show the mathematical modeling process with SDEs and, then, explore the models as Black - Scholes - Merton and it version with many assets. Finally, we conclude by presenting applications in real data and some possibilities to extend the option price models.
Geotecnologias aplicadas à avaliação de indicadores ambientais e de desigualdade social na cidade de São Carlos – SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24) Camacho, Vitor Augusto Luizari; Moschini, Luiz Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8699544780403735
The rapid urban expansion of Brazilian cities has modified the natural landscape, altering the environmental conditions and generating social inequalities. The present research has as its starting point the relationship between social and environmental conditions in the urban space of São Carlos - SP, whose objective is to analyze the socio-environmental problems, such as floods, heat islands, deficiency of vegetation cover and irregular waste disposal and verify its relationships with patterns of social inequality. Using cartography and geotechnological tools, multiple indicators were mapped and synthesized into a social exclusion index. The theoretical methodological framework was the theory of urban space production, so the scale of work is the urban perimeter, where these processes are evidenced. To make the cartographies, techniques of digital image processing (DIP), remote sensing, and georeferencing of indicators and other bases were used in a geographic information system in the QGIS software. Through the cartographic products and spatial analysis it was possible to state that there is a spatial relationship between the inequality index and the environmental indicators. It was also possible to point out mitigation measures for the impacts caused by the problems in the urban space of São Carlos. From the results of this research, it is intended to demonstrate potential for replicability in other cities and scales, as well as to subsidize the formulation of public policies and environmental and urban planning, serving managers, decision-makers and social organizations.
Poder econômico e extraeconômico do agro latifundiário no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24) Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite; Cunha, Sebastião Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4426061870016227
A questão agrária brasileira é marcada pela subordinação da agricultura à lógica do capital, com sua tendência à concentração da propriedade da terra e dos meios de produção. Nas décadas mais recentes, a hegemonia do agronegócio no rural brasileiro alterou padrões anteriores de acumulação de capital, todavia, nossa hipótese é que o poder econômico e extraeconômico do agro latifundiário no país é um elemento estrutural e estruturante da (e na) questão agrária brasileira, notadamente pelas imbricações que se estabelecem, pacífica ou coercitivamente, entre economia e política. Dito isso, o objetivo desse artigo é evidenciar que, mesmo passível de alterações na aparência, o agro latifundiário brasileiro mantém, dialeticamente sua essência no processo de acumulação ampliada de capital, por meio de sua capacidade – legal ou não – de apropriação privada e concentrada da terra e de fundos públicos. Configura-se assim, como buscamos demonstrar ao longo do trabalho, uma dinâmica que, mesmo apresentada como síntese da modernidade, se sustenta pela força econômica, política e coercitiva que a propriedade da terra confere a uma determinada fração da classe dominante.
Modeling survival data based on a reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-24) Mota, Alex Leal; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6433034495874590
In this work, we propose different statistical modeling for survival data based on a reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution. Initially, we present this distribution and study its mathematical properties, maximum likelihood estimation, and numerical simulations. Then, we propose a novel frailty model by using the reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution for modeling unobserved heterogeneity in univariate survival data. The frailty is introduced multiplicatively on the baseline hazard function. We obtain unconditional survival and hazard functions through the Laplace transform function of the frailty distribution. We assume hazard functions of the Weibull and Gompertz distributions as the baseline hazard functions and use the maximum likelihood method for estimating the resulting model parameters. Simulation studies are further performed to verify the behavior of maximum likelihood estimators under different proportions of right-censoring and to assess the performance of the likelihood ratio test to detect unobserved heterogeneity in different sample sizes. Also, we propose a frailty long-term model where the frailties are described by reparameterized weighted Lindley distribution. An advantage of the proposed model is to jointly model the heterogeneity among patients by their frailties and the presence of a cured fraction of them. We assume that the unknown number of competing causes that can influence the survival time follows a negative binomial distribution and that the time for the $k$-th competing cause to produce the event of interest follows the reparameterized weighted Lindley frailty model with Weibull baseline distribution. Some special cases of the model are presented. The cure fraction is modeled by using the logit link function. Again, we use the maximum likelihood method under random right-censoring to estimate the proposed model parameters. Further, we present a Monte Carlo simulation study to verify the maximum likelihood estimators' behavior assuming different sample sizes and censoring proportions. Finally, we extend the non-proportional generalized time-dependent logistic regression model by incorporating reparameterized weighted Lindley frailties. This proposed modeling has several important characteristics, such as non-proportional hazards, identifies the presence of long-term survivors without the addition of new parameters, captures the unobserved heterogeneity, allows the intersection of survival curves, and allows decreasing or unimodal hazard function. Again, parameter estimation is performed using the maximum likelihood method. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the asymptotic properties of the estimators as well as some properties of the model. The potentiality of all the proposed models is analyzed by employing real datasets and model comparisons are performed.