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A institucionalização de interesses organizados na agenda do Estado no Brasil e na Argentina em perspectiva comparada: o caso do futebol (1930-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-25) Nascimento, Jefferson Ferreira do; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7094829662221404
The objective of this thesis was to verify how the process of political institutionalization of organized soccer interests in Brazil and Argentina took place, based on historical neo-institutionalism and the path dependence. For this, we carried out bibliographic and documentary analysis on the period 1930-2020 using the Comparative Process Tracing (CPT) method. The information was organized in critical junctures and focal points, and the analysis was carried out intra-cases and between-cases. For Brazil, we conducted semi-structured interviews with former deputy Silvio Torres and journalist Juca Kfouri. The limitations imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to contact Argentine politicians and journalists for interviews. The interviews allowed greater detail and comparison of the image produced by the research with the impressions of qualified observers of the analyzed phenomenon, but they do not support inferences and conclusions in isolation. We argue that an institutionalization process initiated before the party system raises the costs of breaking the trajectory, tending to institutional changes by layering. As a result, we identified that the set of football entities was configured as an informal political institution in both countries. The entry of organized football interests into the state agenda is related to the crisis of liberalism. However, there are specificities: the dispute between Brazilian soccer managers and the labor mobilization of the Argentine players provoked conflicts considered deleterious. The Argentine concentric arrangement potentiated the effects of the context of the Buenos Aires metropolitan region, bringing the influence of urban conflicts to soccer matters; the Brazilian polycentric arrangement shifted conflicts to intra-elite disputes. Thus, the entry of the State on the scene occurs at the same time, under different justifications and generated consequences that are still present today: the relative importance of championships and regional classics in Brazil; the mobilization capacity of Argentine players and the concentration of the main clubs in Buenos Aires and surroundings. Another distinctive point is the institutional design: Federalism institutes intergovernmental relations that, together with the party system's ability to channel demands, impact the way interests are organized and inserted into the political system. In Brazil, this resulted in strategies for acting in the Legislature in the post-redemocratization period – see the formation of the “bancada da bola”. In Argentina, interests depend on the participation of provincial leaders and action on the Federal Executive.