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Avaliação do processo de produção de colorante natural vermelho pelo fungo endofítico Talaromyces minnesotensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-29) Sousa, Marina Del Bianco; Baptista Neto, Álvaro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3135081161167616; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7057387874580669
The growing incentive and awareness regarding the consumption and use of more sustainable proposals, biocolorants from filamentous fungi are presented as a promising alternative to synthetic colorants. These biocompounds are less harmful to living beings and the environment, presenting greater stability and biotechnological potential compared to other natural sources. In this context, this thesis aimed to characterize the red biocolorant synthesized by the endophytic fungus Talaromyces minnesotensis, as well as to evaluate the biocolorant production process in shaken flasks and in conventional bioreactors, aiming the improvement of the bioprocess. Initially, the endophytic fungus T. minnesotensis was phenotypically characterized by assays carried out in different solid media. Then, its potential for biocolorant production was verified through submerged cultures in shaken flasks. The synthesized biocolorant was characterized by means of fluorescence, cytotoxicity (MTT and MIC), stability, and applicability assays. The characterization and application tests showed that the biocolorant has activity against human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) at concentrations above 5.0 g L-1, while for pathogenic bacteria and yeasts the concentration must be higher than 50.0 g L-1. In addition, the bioproduct showed high stability at neutral pH values (6 to 8) and at low temperatures (10 to 20°C). Expressive coloring potential of the red biocolorant produced in different matrices such as detergent, gelatin, enamel, paint, and fabrics, was also verified, which indicates the feasibility of a more in-depth study of the bioprocess to improve and increase its production. Thus, a factorial design (22 +3PC) was performed, aiming to evaluate the influence of three combinations of impellers of different geometries under different conditions of agitation frequency (400-800 rpm) and specific air supply flow rate (0, 5-1.5 vvm) on the production of biocolorant in a conventional bioreactor. The results were analyzed based on the Global Desirability (DG) in terms of the main response variables of performance, production, and productivity of biocolorant. It was shown that the configuration composed of two elephant ear impellers (EEDP-EEUP) operated at 600 rpm and 1.0 vvm was the most favorable to the bioprocess, obtaining a production of 45.30 AU. By correlations assessment, it was verified that the hydrodynamic properties tended to present greater relevance to the performance of the bioprocess compared to the oxygen transfer properties. In order to evaluate the performance of the bioprocess on a larger scale, an exploratory study was carried out to scale up the bioprocess from 4 to 10 L bioreactor, in which a satisfactory result was obtained by reaching an equal production for both scales. Finally, in order to improve the production of biocolorant, the use of the fed-batch mode in shaken flasks and in a conventional bioreactor was evaluated. The production in these assays reached expressive results for both scales: a maximum production of the order of 86.0 AU in shaken flasks, and maximum production ranged from 80 to 238% in relation to the conventional batch for bioreactors. Regarding this last, the increase of production depended on the feeding conditions (FCSF), reaching a maximum production of approximately 153.0 AU in the most favorable condition at a feeding flow rate of 0.01 L h-1 (F) and a substrate concentration of 60 gS L-1 (CSF). These results proved the fact the bioprocess production of colorant by the endophytic fungus T. minnesotensis has a high potential for future studies aiming for its implementation at pilot and industrial scales.
Caracterização de microalgas e cianobactérias: abordagens ecofisiológica e biotecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-29) Silva, Jaqueline Carmo da; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7039615915524889
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms, generally fast-growing, with simple nutritional requirements and physiological plasticity. They produce biomolecules in great variety and many with high added value. Compared to the number of known species, few are commercially used and described in relation to their biochemical composition. This research aimed to investigate the physiology of microalgae with a biotechnological approach. We started the study by investigating 12 strains, including organisms from the Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, and Chlorophyta groups, and a strain chosen to be subjected to biochemical manipulation. CO2 fixation was quantified to associate microalgae productivity with the reduction of important greenhouse gas. Algae were grown in a high-performance cylindrical photobioreactor (PBR) with internal lighting in batch mode under controlled conditions. As a physiological response, growth, and photosynthesis parameters (PhytoPAM), biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids total, fatty acid composition, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids), and antioxidant potential were evaluated. We complement the study with an analysis of the biomass by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed that Desmodesmus spinosus had the highest yield of algal biomass (2.4 g L-1), in addition to presenting high levels of chlorophyll a, and total carotenoids, as well as Monoraphidium indicum. As for the fatty acid composition, Nannochloropsis gaditana stood out in the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, Kirchneriella aperta stood out in the parameters: antioxidant activity (69%), protein and carbohydrate content, photosynthetic rates (~0.80), and a higher rate of CO2 fixation. FTIR showed that the species with the highest lipid content were in Chlorophyta N. gaditana, K. aperta, M. indicum, Chlorolobion guanense, and Ankistrodesmus densus. TG showed 3 stages of thermal decomposition for all species. The microalgae K. aperta was selected for the study of biochemical manipulation. In it, the alga was exposed to different colors of light and copper concentration, alone and in combination. We showed that copper and isolated light colors resulted in higher concentrations of biomolecules compared to the combined factors and the control. Finally, a large-scale test (250 L) using the microalgae Chlorella fusca was carried out in a raceway reactor maintained in an oven. Developed in Spain, this study showed that real-time monitoring of photosynthesis showed rETR values twice as high compared to spot analysis performed in the laboratory. In addition, the microalgae C. fusca showed high concentrations of photoprotective compounds. The present results provide relevant information on the physiology, photosynthesis, and biochemical characterization of different microalgae and highlight potential species for further investigation with the aim of commercial applications.
Por uma linguística (mais) popular: a construção do gênero neutro como dissidência linguística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-29) Gomes, Robert Moura Sena; Costa, Julia Lourenço; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5592296124389416; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9254411974668615
With the effervescence of social movements, the understanding that a language is also a place where the identity of a collectivity is anchored has made it also an object of struggle. With the advent and intensification of the use of the internet, and markedly of online social networks, new forms of organization of socially underprivileged groups (indigenous community, women, blacks, LGBTQIAPN+, and people with disabilities, for example) have become more evident. Regarding the use of gender-neutral as a form of recognition and representation of the LGBTQIAPN+ community in social spaces, including the language itself, it was found that there is linguistic dissidence - a concept proposed in this dissertation - as a possibility of subversion, in this case, of the linguistic system. As a consequence, several linguists and popular linguists have also positioned themselves in a plural and diverse way about the discursive procedures that act in the relationship or not between the grammatical category of gender and gender identities. The analyzed texts were written by professional linguists (scientific knowledge) and by non-linguists (popular knowledge) starting from the hypothesis, which was approached and proven, that it is in the continuum between the scientific and the popular that there are disagreements and agreements, both concerning the validation of the knowledge of popular linguists, as concerning the proposals raised for the (re)formulation of the linguistic aspect as a marker of gender in the Portuguese language of Brazil. To this end, we are guided by the studies developed by Folk/Popular Linguistics (ALBURY, 2017; MURILLO, 2008; PAVEAU, 2007; 2018; 2021; PRESTON, 1993; 1994), which proposes that the knowledge of non-linguists is important and must be observed and integrated into scientific studies, as well as in the proposals of Discourse Analysis (FOUCAULT, 2014).
Desenvolvimento de um protótipo para uso de dados não estruturados em sistema de medição de desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-29) Assandre, Junior Aparecido; Martins, Roberto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730; Oprime, Pedro Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1927212195836219
Given the potential that big data can bring to organizations with the use of the large amount of unstructured data generated quickly in different formats and sources, and the scarcity of empirical research to validate its impacts and opportunities for performance measurement systems (SMD). The main objective of this thesis was to develop an SMD prototype using deep learning and big data analytics (BDA) techniques for collecting, storing and analyzing unstructured data. Among the different formats of unstructured data, video images were used, due to their great availability. As a way to present the cognitive process of the design and construction of the SMD prototype in a functional state and thus create generalizable knowledge for this class of problem, the design science research (DSR) research method was used. During the prototype development process, it was possible to identify convergences between the MDS development phases and the phases to be followed to put a big data project into operation. The analysis of these convergences together with the learning acquired in the prototype development process, highlighted the most relevant points in this type of project. The research results indicated the importance of a support infrastructure for the use of unstructured data by the SMD and the even greater dependence on the area of information technology and computer science. The results also showed that, by providing the creation of performance measures and advanced analysis of unstructured data, previously unfeasible, BDA, deep learning and computer vision techniques positively influence the validity, reliability and timeliness of this resource, as well as its level. aggregation and costs. Thus, the main contribution of the thesis was to generate relevant, practical and prescriptive knowledge for the use of unstructured data from videos in SMDs, in order to contribute to their improvement and adaptation.
A intervenção da terapia ocupacional associada a estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua em pessoas com a síndrome dolorosa miofascial: efeitos na dor, qualidade de vida, desempenho e papéis ocupacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-29) Marchi, Letícia Zanetti; Andrade, Suellen Mary Marinho dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6437799927471735; Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1256085552810035
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a specific clinical condition of regional muscle pain, very often associated with the presence of one or more tender points, which in these circumstances are called trigger points. Many techniques and types of multimodal treatment have been used, showing good results. This study aims to investigate the effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with Occupational Therapy on the primary outcome pain. Therefore, a multiple case study with an experimental approach was adopted as a method. In which the participants were referred by neurologists and previously diagnosed. Participants were screened (Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Inventory instruments), initial assessment (Visual Analog Pain Scale and Body Map instruments, Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Occupational Role List and World Health Organization quality of life instrument - abbreviated), intervention (3 times a week, 30 minutes, 12 sessions) and final assessment. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, an Occupational Therapeutic Intervention (OT) group and an Occupational Therapy and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS+OT) group. The results show that all participants are female, most have pain in the cervical region or close to this area. It is also observed that the participants have difficulty in occupational performance in the items self-care and productivity. In the primary outcome pain in both the right and left hemibody, the target participants of the OT intervention only had better results, in the change of the pain level and also in the pain intensity. In the secondary outcome quality of life, all participants improved, but participants in the tDCS plus OT group had a better mean score when comparing pre- and post-intervention outcomes than participants in the OT only group. In the secondary outcome occupational performance, all participants improved their scores in both satisfaction and performance, but the participants who had a change in score of 2 points or more considered as clinically significant by the COPM instrument were: 1 participant in the tDCS group plus TO and 2 participants in the TO-only group. It can be concluded from the analysis of the results that both an intervention (tDCS plus OT) and another (only OT) were beneficial to their participants, but that in this scenario the OT only group had better scores in more predicted outcomes (pain and functional performance). In addition, the study could be carried out with a larger number of participants so that it is possible to generalize the results and validate the protocol built for the intervention of OT, as well as, perhaps, confirm that tDCS is an adjuvant and potentiating technique for the TO. The innovative character of the theme for the Occupational Therapy profession is highlighted, in relation to SDM and one of the interventions made - tDCS.
Crisis, end, or eclipse of reason? Max Horkheimer's Critical Theory contributions to an epistemology of eugenics
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-06-29) Roitberg, Guilherme Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241
This article investigates the epistemological foundations of Francis Galton's eugenics based on Max Horkheimer's Critical Theory. Grounded on a bibliographical research, we analyze the texts in which the English polymath structured the rationality of his science-religion, contrasting them with the theoretical-critical diagnosis of the crisis of reason. We conclude that Horkheimer’s argument denouncing the enlightened roots of eugenics, despite not having been explored in historiography, remains fundamental to the understanding of the eugenic scientific rationality, which we denominated eugenic reason.