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Derrubando cercas e dialogando saberes: desafios para uma extensão universitária transformadora em assentamentos rurais no sudeste da Amazônia Paraense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25)
Silva, Leandro Ferreira da
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Santos, Maria Cristina dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3168041714940378
In line with the objectives and purposes for which they were created, it is in the genesis and in the attributions given to the Federal Institutes “to develop extension activities according to the principles and purposes of Vocational and Technological Education (EPT), in articulation with the world of labor and social segments, and with an emphasis on the production, development and dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge” (BRASIL, 2008). In this sense, by establishing the articulations of the EPT through academic and technological knowledge and the surrounding community, the University Extension is understood as spaces for the production of knowledge and the dialogue of systematized knowledge between the academic and the popular that result in the democratization of the knowledge. In this perspective, the starting hypothesis considers the fact that the IFPA - Campus Rural de Marabá (CRMB) is located within a settlement area and both are symbols of the achievements of the struggle and effective action of social and union movements in the countryside for the right to land. and the EPT, resulting in a public education institution based on the concept of rural education, agroecology and pedagogical alternation. Therefore, these characteristics changed the logic of making the University Extension, making it more transformative. In this research, the question is: Have university extension practices for agrarian reform settlers in the southeast of Pará Amazon in the EPT experiences in the IFPA-CRMB field have been marketing, assistentialist and/or transformative? In order to answer this question, the objective of this thesis is to understand the extensionist practices affirmed to the settlers in the EPT field experiences, taking as a case the IFPA-CRMB and the Agrarian Reform Settlements. For this, the research combines four distinct and interconnected studies. The first study describes the struggle for land and the constitution of rural settlements in southeastern Pará and the presence of the IFPA-CRMB within this territory; second, it seeks to discuss the conceptions and foundations of the EPT through the analysis of the work and education category, which give us support to discuss the ideas that were being established and the factors that influenced and legitimized the conceptions of the EPT in the face of the interests of the ruling class and the training the workforce in the stages of Brazilian capitalist development; The third seeks to base itself on legal and theoretical frameworks that deal with the concepts and conceptions of University Extension and its identity, as well as its constitution over time and its relationship with teaching and research and the place it occupies today in EPT ; and the fourth presents the University Extension at EPT at IFPA-CRMB through its projects, narratives and experiences. As part of this stage, a study was carried out of five extension projects carried out with the Agrarian Reform settlers with a focus on the dialogue of knowledge. For the scope of the research, the investigation took the perspective of historical-dialectical materialism, and used as a methodological route: bibliometrics, document analysis, semi-structured remote interview and virtual questionnaire. The results achieved allow us to conclude that the university extension carried out in the Settlements, despite the limitations found, can play a significant and transformative role in these territories in order to overcome inequalities. Studies show that university extension, when constituted from the constant interaction between the IFPA-CRMB, social movements, settlers and all democratic forces in society, can gain contours that transcend a welfare and/or marketing extensionist conception.
Nanocellulose removes the need for chemical crosslinking in tannin-based rigid foams and enhances their strength and fire retardancy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25)
Missio, André Luiz
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Otoni, Caio Gomide
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Zhao, Bin
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Beaumont, Marco
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Khakalo, Alexey
Thermal insulation and fire protection are two of the most critical features affecting energy efficiency and safety in built environments. Together with the associated environmental footprint, there is a strong need to consider new insulation materials. Tannin rigid foams have been proposed as viable and sustainable alternatives to expanded polyurethanes, traditionally used in building enveloping. Tannin foams structure result from polymerization with furfuryl alcohol via self-expanding. We further introduce cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as a reinforcing agent that eliminates the need for chemical crosslinking during foam formation. CNF forms highly entangled and interconnected nanonetworks, at solid fractions as low as 0.1 wt %, enabling the formation of foams that are ca. 30% stronger and ca. 25% lighter compared to those produced with formaldehyde, currently known as one of the best performers in chemically coupling tannin and furfuryl alcohol. Compared to the those chemically crosslinked, our CNF-reinforced tannin foams display higher thermal degradation temperature (peak shifted upward, by 30–50 °C) and fire resistance (40% decrease in mass loss). Furthermore, we demonstrate partially hydrophobized CNF to tailor the foam microstructure and derived physical–mechanical properties. In sum, green and sustainable foams, stronger, lighter, and more resistant to fire are demonstrated compared to those produced by formaldehyde crosslinking.
O direito à moradia como cumprimento da função social da propriedade pública: um estudo de caso do Programa Minha Morada de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25)
Cunha, Camila Marques Paes da
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2226367541711810
The right to housing has been discussed more widely in Brazil since the 1980s, when popular movements for the right to live in a dignified manner emerged. As a result, debates on urban property and its social function also gain space in the urban policy scenario. When observing the country's housing deficit, it is clear that this discussion is still current. With the approval of the City Statute in 2001, new tools appear for the organization of urban territory and enable the production of housing of social interest. In this sense, this work addresses issues of the right to the city, mainly in the context of the Federal Constitution of 1988, discusses the social function of the city and property, especially that of public urban property, and argues that the government can provide housing of social interest as a way of fulfilling the social function of the urban voids of public property. From the case study of the Minha Morada Program, a local initiative of the municipality of Araraquara-SP, it analyzes the program that allocates empty urban areas of public property to a program of urbanized lots, in view of the insufficiency federal housing policies and the inadequacy of the social profile of the population that makes up most of the deficit. The results demonstrate that by allocating areas well served by infrastructure and public facilities for a housing policy that serves the most socioeconomically vulnerable population, the program seeks to fulfill the social function of public urban property, promoting decent housing within the local context, meeting the specificities of the city's housing deficit.
Avaliação da aprendizagem, formação docente e atuação profissional: uma análise desse processo na perspectiva de professores da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25)
Natal, Isabella
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9780002643811861
This study has as perspective the promotion of data that contribute to the improvement of the evaluation practices, as well as to a review in the approaches of the evaluation theme in the teacher education courses. Our goal is to analyze the understanding of teachers about the assessment of learning approached in the process of initial training and the consequences of the discipline of Educational Assessment in their professional performance. In this sense, the research contemplates as specific objectives the necessity to: investigate what teachers understand by evaluation, what they defend and what they propose; identify the evaluation practices mentioned by teachers in the teaching-learning process; punctuate the limits and the reaches of the evaluation practices pointed out by teachers in their professional performance. The research is based on the epistemology of practice as a theoretical strand and on authors such as: Tardif (2000, 2012), Nóvoa (1992, 2017, 2019) and Gauthier et al (1998), to discuss the knowledge that underlies both the training and the professional performance of teachers; in addition to Freitas (1995, 2009), Hoffmann (1995, 2005, 2008), Luckesi (1995, 2000 e 2011), Vasconcellos (2006) and Villas Boas (2011), who deal with learning evaluation and its implications in Basic Education. Based on a qualitative approach, Bogdan and Biklen (1994), Lüdke and André (1986) and Gil (2008), and an exploratory-descriptive study (SELLTIZ et al, 1965), the analysis was developed with the completion of questionnaires applied to teachers mostly working in the public education system, graduates of the undergraduate courses of a higher education institution, an Autarchy under private law in the city of Avaré, São Paulo, who attended the subject Educational Assessment, offered by the institution. The analyzed data were organized into four category of analysis: 1) identity profile of professional training; 2) evaluation of learning, curriculum and initial training; 3) evaluation of learning and professional knowledge; 4) evaluation of learning and pedagogical practices. The results point to a probable contribution of the discipline of Educational Assessment in the initial training and possible reflexes on the professional performance, promoting the appropriation of concepts incorporated into the teachers' speeches, from a diagnostic, formative and procedural perspective, collaborating with the diversity of processes and allowing a more reflective and investigative posture focused on student learning.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de filtros de poliacrilonitrila incorporados com nanopartículas e surfactantes para aplicação biocida na filtração de ar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25)
Silva, Edilton Nunes da
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Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-6329
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9372099776618325
Suspended particulate matter in the air represents a significant health risk, potentially leading to severe respiratory diseases. Bioaerosols, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, are also part of this particulate matter and can be inhaled, causing illnesses such as influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19. Electrospun filters are particularly effective for capturing these particulates due to their high surface area. Additionally, these filters can be enhanced by incorporating nanoparticles and surfactants into their fibers, which improves their filtration efficiency and imparts biocidal properties. This study focuses on developing a filtration medium using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) combined with compounds that provide biocidal characteristics and assessing how these compounds affect filtration performance. The compounds investigated include zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and surfactants like cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Electrospinning was employed to produce nanofibers at the nanometer scale. In the initial phase, electrospinning parameters were optimized using only ZnO. Nanofibers made from PAN at varying concentrations (8%, 9%, and 10% w/w) were combined with ZnO nanoparticles at different levels (5%, 10%, and 15%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure fiber diameters, and a 2³ factorial design was applied to determine the optimal conditions for PAN and ZnO concentrations and voltage to produce nanofibers with the smallest diameters, enhancing filtration efficiency. In the subsequent phase, the optimized conditions were used to produce nanofibers containing 15% ZnO nanoparticles and surfactants (CTAB, CPC, and SDS) at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. Characterization of the solutions was conducted for viscosity and conductivity, and the resulting filters were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, and contact angle measurements. The bactericidal and virucidal activities of the filters were also assessed. The findings revealed that the filtering media had nanofiber diameters ranging from 431 to 712 nm, with filtration efficiencies reaching up to 99.80% and a pressure drop of 170 Pa. Furthermore, filters containing surfactants showed bactericidal effects greater than 99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and virucidal effects exceeding 99% against SARS-CoV-2.
A produção de Habitação Social em Indaiatuba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-26)
Santos, Ingrid Rosa dos
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Franca, Gilberto Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1300570082394129
This work aims to analyze, in Indaiatuba, a medium-sized city in the interior of the State of São Paulo, the relationship between the implementation of projects dedicated to social housing, from the first projects in the 1970's to the most recent, produced by the Program Minha Casa Minha Vida until 2020, and the consequences arising from these projects in the urban environment. It seeks to assess the role that legislation – federal and municipal – played in these cases, and how urban fragmentation impacted the formation and configuration of these spaces.
Processo de dobramento a frio de chapas finas metálicas: análises por elementos finitos, experimentos e uma proposta para a compensação do retorno elástico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-26)
Silva, Jonatan Augusto da
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Evangelista, Sérgio Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1610397432103491
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0508632882582892
Mechanical forming operations are developed in several applications in industrial environments and are divided into some different operations, including cutting, bending, forging. Among the various processes, the bending operation, although quite simple, presents a phenomenon that appears when the load is relieved, and this phenomenon is known as springback. The springback, which is also known as elastic material return, causes the material to partially return to its initial state that it presented before the bending process, which is a problem of great relevance in the industrial environment, which provides a gap research in order to minimize its impacts. The goal of this work is to propose alternatives to predict the elastic behavior of aluminum sheets when undergoing the bending process, suggesting possible changes during the process, such as the application of forces and adjustments to tools and molds. The applied methodology consists of experimentally studying the behavior of the springback during the application of folds in aluminum plates and comparing its results using numerical simulation resources with finite elements applying the Abaqus® software for the modeling and simulation of the process. A metallographic analysis must be performed before and another after the test to present the study of the microstructural variation in line with the springback behavior. Through the analysis of these, it is expected to be possible to propose significant changes in the process so that the negative effects of the emergence of springback are minimized, thus elaborating extended variations for a range of fold operations using the same materials. It was possible to conclude that the compensation proposal presented satisfactory results in the numerical and experimental analyzes using the solution proposed in the course of the work, which al inserting changes in the geometry of the matrices provided bending results close to the expected values.
O efeito Zeno no controle da evolução adiabática de um sistema quântico a partir de medidas não-seletivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-26)
Calvello, Victor dos Santos
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Santos, Alan Costa dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1255357818067868
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Viilas-Boas, Celso Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5700887540085418
The objective of the present work is to improve the performance of a Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) in a 3-level system by applying successive non-selective measurements throughout the evolution (exploiting the properties of the quantum Zeno effect), so that a given quantum state is protected as the total time of evolution is decreased. This is a problem of great interest because it may take part in very important quantum techonologies such as the charging of quantum batteries and the optimization of Adiabatic Quantum Computing (AQC) processes. Through computer simulations it's been verified that it is possible to significantly reduce the total time of the population transfer via dark-state without taking the system off the adiabatic regime.
Synthesis of isoamyl esters from soybean oil deodorizer distillate by enzymatic catalysis for biolubricant applications
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-26)
Silva, Rafael de Araujo
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3644040952695236
Lubricants are among the many products whose manufacture is highly dependent on nonrenewable fossil resources, with high levels of production and a vast marketplace, so they are the focus of many environmental laws around the word. Currently, this market includes some biobased products, known as biolubricants, although they represent a very small fraction of this sector and have certain limitations. Studies concerning the development of new products, raw materials, and processes are essential for the expansion and commercial success of biolubricants. Therefore, the aim of this work was: evaluating the production of biolubricant base stocks such as fatty acid isoamyl esters (FAIEs) from soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) as a fatty acids source, together with isoamyl alcohol (a byproduct from bioethanol fermentation and the main constituent of fusel oil), catalyzed by free Eversa Transform 2.0 lipase and Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL) immobilized by the hybrid nanoflower (hNF) method. Experimental design and response surface methodology were applied to define the parameters for PFL immobilization using hNFs (hNF-PFL), viz. protein concentration, metal concentration and immobilization pH, and for FAIEs production, viz. SODD/isoamyl alcohol molar ratio, reaction temperature, the enzyme mass and secant salt mass (for the reactions with hNF-PFL). Studies of the incubation step of the synthesis using hNF-PFL enabled the incubation time to be reduced from 72 h (static immobilization medium at 25 °C) to just 20 min using ultrasound, without losses of immobilization yield (IY) or immobilized activity (IA). The optimized IY and IA values for hNF-PFL were 54 and 64 TBU%, respectively. The hNF-PFL showed high operational stability, maintaining practically the same reaction yield (RY) values during 8 cycles, over a total of 192 h. At the 10th cycle (total of 240 h), the material presented relative RY of 80%, compared to the earlier cycles. In the production of FAIEs using ETL 2.0 with molecular sieve (for moisture control) at 39 and 9 wt.% (molecular sieve mass / SODD mass), RY values of 50 and 70 wt.% were achieved, respectively. When hNF-PFL was employed in the FAIEs synthesis, RY of 64 wt.% was obtained, without the use of a moisture control agent. Products of partial conversion of SODD into FAIEs, catalyzed by ETL 2.0, with RY of 44 and 55 wt.%, and catalyzed by hNF-PFL, with RY of 56 and 57 wt.%, presented physicochemical characteristics similar to those of commercial biolubricant base stocks. Therefore, this doctoral thesis has the potential to contribute economically to the lubricant market through an environmentally friendly enzymatic process for the synthesis of a base stock from by-products of the national industry.
Educação no campo e luta de classes: um estudo sobre a produção acadêmica do GEPEC no período de 2010 a 2020 e sua atuação na formação inicial e continuada de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-26)
Santos, Patric Oberdan dos
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6140553652939628
Historically education aimed at the working class has not been a priority in Brazil. The expansion of the offer of Elementary Education only began to receive some attention from the national political class from the 1930s onwards, due to the need to train a workforce to boost the economic development project established by the government of Getúlio Vargas, guided by the binomial “urbanization-industrialization”. The universalization of Basic Education (Child Education, Elementary School and High School) is still a challenge to be effectively faced. Higher Education, in turn, has become an almost exclusive privilege of the ruling class, systematically denied to the working class, especially to peasants. In the perspective of undertaking the research, we defined as a first objective to verify the importance of scientific production and the contribution of the Group of Studies and Research in Education in the Field of the Federal University of São Carlos (GEPEC/UFSCar) for the development and improvement of public education, in especially that of the countryside; and as a specific objective to analyze the relationship between Marxian/Marxist theoretical foundations on education for rural populations and Historical-Critical Pedagogy (PHC). The methodology chosen for the development of the investigation had two fronts. The first consisted of a bibliographic approach, where we searched for the productions developed by GEPEC. The second methodology included a documental research, we sought to locate official documents that allowed us to understand the historical context of the creation of the Group. We conclude that GEPEC constitutes an important space for discussion about the realities that characterize life and work in the countryside through analyses, interpretations and reflections on education for rural populations, as well as for the knowledge and recognition of the importance of action and the role of social movements in the struggle and defense of agrarian reform and education.
Análise ambiental do relevo e dos recursos hídricos da Bacia do Sorocabuçu, Ibiúna/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-27)
Tamataya, Jocasta Harue
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Arruda, Emerson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3143605303159599
In this work we tried to approach how the land uses for development of economic activities and housing in rural areas can change the environmental dynamics in relation to the geomorphology, in an analysis integrating relief and water resources. Considerations were also made about the Sorocabuçu Basin is floodplain sector, which is within the urban perimeter. The basin is located predominantly in the rural area of municipality of Ibiúna-SP, which is a Sorocaba River tributary, contributing to supply the Itupararanga Reservoir. Thus, the study area is configured in a sub-basin of Sorocaba/Médio Tietê Basin. It supplies water to the municipalities of Ibiúna, Votorantim, Sorocaba and Mairinque. In addition, it is an economically important area for the municipality, due to the intense development of temporary agricultural crops, which is the main economic activity in the municipality. With respect to the methodological procedures, stages of analysis about relief, hydrography and environmental impacts were carried out, through the elaboration of thematic maps, interpretation of satellite images and field observations. During the research, the characterization of relief and drainage were carried out; four distinct geomorphological compartments were identified; analysis of chemical and physical parameters of main courses of the Sorocabuçu River; in addition to the identification of responsible elements for alterations in relief, as well as the water flow and quality.
Brexit e soberania: estudo sobre a reterritorialização em uma perspectiva geopolítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-27)
Nascimento, Vinícius Ricardo do
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Franca, Gilberto Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
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Lana, Rita de Cássia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
This dissertation aimed to analyze the multidimensional (HAESBAERT, 2003) and polymorphic (BRENNER, 2018) process of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union through Brexit, initiated in 2016 and consolidated in 2020 after years of negotiations. The focus was on the legal-political dimension of the territory (material and symbolic) through the reterritorialization of British sovereignty to the detriment of the supranational deterritorialization of the European regional bloc. Furthermore, the culturalist and economic dimensions of Brexit were also addressed as related axes. A geopolitical scenario of contradictions and conflicts, dualities and dichotomies: the Leave campaign and the Remain campaign, British autonomy and insular identity versus the heteronomy of institutions, nationalism against supranationality, local versus global.
Processo de estampagem incremental do alumínio QQ-A-250/5 (2024-T3): análises por elementos finitos e experimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-27)
Marim, Tony Emerson
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Evangelista, Sérgio Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1610397432103491
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2215850363897403
The single point incremental forming method performed without die support is suitable for small batch and prototype product manufacturing due to the lower cost involved in its tooling acquisition, simplicity and flexibility of implementation. This concept makes the process viable for diverse applications in the medical, aerospace, and automotive industries, when largescale production of a product is not the priority but rather the individual analysis of a part or prototype construction and the manufacture of customized products. For frequent applications in industry the lack of some process information such as referential parameters of vertical displacements in the z-axis and velocity of displacements in the x and y axes makes it limited, they do not guarantee the appropriate guidelines that can ensure the use of incremental stamping on an industrial scale, which avoids wasting machine time and material resources in case of failure. To meet this need, the finite element method was used to perform the numerical analyses as an aid for a perception of the process particularities, applied in experiments that used a 0.4 mm thick plate of aluminum QQ-A-250/5 (2024-T3) as raw material and manufactured tooling composed of clamping brackets and dedicated tools, parameters were established based on limit diagrams that ensured the execution of manufacturing by incremental stamping of products with a good quality in surface finish. Using the computational model created and the information obtained regarding the final thickness of the material and its deformations after the conformation and after the simulations, parameters were obtained that inform the possibility of performing the operation. In the experiments performed, there was a guarantee of finalizing the depth determined when the tool with a 3 mm tip radius was used in three cases studied, being them with displacement in the z axis of 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. In the parts made with displacement in the z axis of 0.5 mm there was the appearance of rupture, which caused the interruption of the operation. In the cases where the tool with tip radius of 6 mm was used, all parts presented rupture, which compromised the performance of the operations. The use of the parameters that enabled the parts to reach the proposed depth, demonstrated by means of the failure prevention method applications in other profiles. All the data gathered were used to construct a method for analysis in the prediction of structural failures that may occur during the process, and by this method it was possible to predict the realization or not of the specific cases presented.
“Aprendendo a ser diretora de escola sendo": um olhar para as aprendizagens de diretoras iniciantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-27)
Lima, Carla Valeria Farias
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Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4442226155220081
The present dissertation focuses on the learning characteristics of beginning school principals. The 5 professionals participating in the research were approved in the public contest of tests and titles at the State Department of Education of São Paulo-SEDUC, in the year of 2018. The research question of the study was: How is the learning of beginning school principals characterized? This is an exploratory study, of a qualitative nature, based on the analysis of the prose (ANDRÉ 1983, 2018). The theoretical contributions of the research were: the context of school administration; the public school as a place of work, of learning through teaching, struggles and contradictions; characteristics of the beginning in the position, knowledge and permanent learning. The professional characteristics of the work of school administration in contemporary times, the trends for the training of principals and the challenges of work in the face of social demands in favor of an education that meets more emancipatory and democratic practices were analyzed. By means of interviews, empirical data related to the first years in the position were collected, which made it possible to glimpse situations of survival/hardships and discovery/delights, according to early career aspects (HUBERMAN, 2013) in three work domains (administrative, pedagogical and political), to raise aspects and specificities of the initial phase of the principals' work, such as the subjectivity of their practices, their difficulties, coping with everyday situations and overcoming difficulties, in a process of permanent training, revealing factors present in the school routine that impact on the learning process of the position, sometimes favoring, sometimes hindering the work of directors: routine activities; the unpredictability of situations; peer support; conflicts and challenges arising from interpersonal relationships; bureaucratic activities and the challenge of pedagogical work aiming at quality education. We conclude that there are numerous difficulties that mark this initial phase of the work of school principals, similarly to teachers, principals also start working in difficult schools, bureaucratic activities and relationships are the most challenging aspects and overcoming difficulties makes with them to remain in the position, leading them to learn how to be principals.
Vidas negras e o livro didático: as Ciências da Natureza que estudam (qual) vida?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-27)
Jardim, Fabiola de Carvalho
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Monteiro, Rosana Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2567706339313166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5469220237478548
The present work has as its starting point our professional and personal experience, in which we recognize the complexity of the educational process. Each student has an ancestry, a culture, beliefs, religions or absence of faith, different ways of eating, relating, living, being, socializing, which should be present in school. One of the reasons why the different ways of being are not considered is the racism that affects the curriculum and teaching materials. Considering that the studies of the natural sciences are important for us to appropriate knowledge of intra and extra corporeal cycles and natural phenomena, but also to have real conditions to take care of ourselves, to interact with the environment in a healthy, sustainable way, preserving the right to all lives and citizenship for all, we wonder how the textbooks of Natural Sciences/Biology, since it is the science that studies all forms of life, has approached the different manifestations of life, recognizing its diversity and complexity. We have used a racial perspective to analyze three textbooks of Natural Sciences/Biology, used in public high schools in the State of São Paulo. We carried out a literature review on natural science/biology textbooks and the approach to the theme of race; we approach the notion of human race, in the biological, sociological perspective and its resignification by the black movement, as well as the science curriculum and the education of ethnic-racial relations. We rely on authors such as Verrangia (2009, 2010, 2020), Monteiro (2010), Monteiro e Pinheiro (2016), Krasilchik (1987, 2000, 2004) in relation to the teaching of science and the education of ethnic-racial relations; we turn to Maldonado-Torres (2007, 2018), Gomes (2012, 2019) and Gomes e Munanga (2006) on curriculum coloniality and, on being black and the construction of the other as non-being, to Mbembe (2014, 2017, 2018) and Carneiro (2005). With Domingos (2011, 2017), we brought human life from an African cosmovision. For the analysis of textbooks, we performed the description and recording of the observed facts, analysis and ordering (PRODANOV; FREITAS, 2013). Images were selected, by direct identification, of black human lives, human bodies or parts of them. The selection and analysis of the images of human lives present in the Textbooks of Natural Sciences/Biology, showed that only 18% of the images were of black human lives. We emphasize that in addition to the low representation, the images of black human lives were associated, for example, with the study of animals. An image of a black child with the face marked in half was used to exemplify animal symmetry. The analysis of the books revealed the permanence of racism, remnants of colonialism, the appreciation of white human life as a reference standard for human beings and humanity. We conclude that, by placing black human life in a place of invisibility, the analyzed books contribute to the maintenance of epistemic racism. We confirm that the raciality/biopower device acts through the gears of knowledge and power, which still operate as a legacy of colonialism, in the production and social reproduction of education/knowledge, as well as in subjectivities.
Caracterização socioambiental do Assentamento Rural Horto Vergel (Mogi Mirim-SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-27)
Esporte, Sérgio Henrique de Campos
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Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9405961078398915
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
The general objective of this research is to characterize the environmental and social dynamics of the Vergel Rural Settlement. In order to reach this objective, we will also go through some specific objectives: to understand the historical and current aspects in relation to the process of occupation and permanence of the settlers; recognize the settlement's relations with the cities of Mogi Mirim and Itapira (country-city relationship) and highlight the main social and environmental themes that permeate the reality of the settlement. The methodological course of the research consisted of the following steps: survey of reports and news; fieldwork; interpretation of geographic information; and collecting testimonies from residents on issues surrounding the settlement. The results showed that what stands out throughout the history of the settlement is agricultural production, mainly subsistence, and the successive attempts to commercialize its products. On the other hand, non-agricultural productions appear as a complement to the income of the families who live there. In short, we consider the relevance of surveying and relating the elements referring to the environmental and cultural dynamics from the spatialization of elements and phenomena through the collection of quantitative and qualitative data that contribute to the planning of the territory from the apprehension of information by the community and by the public power, in the sense of subsidizing decision-making and alternatives for the management of the territory.
O impacto de contratos públicos na atuação de cooperativas de coleta seletiva: estudo de casos no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Correa, Anabella
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5304401998498073
The selective collection is important from the environmental, economic, and social perspectives. However, the autonomous agents, who informally work on this, have no aid, protection or visibility. Therefore, their grouping in associations or cooperatives is recommended. Some environmental regulations instituted in 2007, with the “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos” (Federal Law 12.305/2010) as a legal landmark, have encouraged the hiring of these cooperatives by the public authorities, recognizing their important role in the solid waste management chain. There is a consensus that the existence of a public contract is favorable for the empowerment of cooperatives, but it may not be enough. Thus, this research aims to assess the impact and consequences of the existence of contractual instruments between public entities and waste picker organizations. A comparative case study considered municipalities with the same population in the country of São Paulo state. In addition to quantitative surveys of collection, sale, and municipal coverage. The objective is to know the current scenario of each case, and also to propose suggestions for policies or actions that help to strengthen cooperatives or that can improve their performance. Therefore, a selection of municipalities with same population size in the state of São Paulo were selected for a comparative case study. It consisted of documentary research in addition to contracts surveys and analysis of economic, social, environmental and governance aspects of the cooperatives. The results indicate that contracts, when well-planned, are important for the success of both the cooperative and selective collection. The existence of a cooperation agreement is still better than the absence of any formalized partnership with the government. Unfortunately, it still does not recognize these collectors as service providers, as established by solid waste legislation. In addition to the signing of contracts, the importance of support networks, the establishment of a waste management fee and the increase in reverse logistics partnerships with manufacturers and traders is pointed out, applying shared responsibility to all links in the chain.
Os assírios no norte da Síria: questões territoriais em meio ao Estado Sírio e à diáspora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Holtz, Mateus Felipe
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Franca, Gilberto Cunha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341682768558822
The present work has the general objective of understanding the territoriality of the Assyrians, an ethnic-religious minority in northern Syria - region of the province of al-Hasakah and the Khabour River Valley, amidst the tensions caused by the overlap and territorial dispute between the Government Syria and the Northern Democratic Federation – government institution with a Kurdish majority. To achieve this goal, we proposed a scalar analysis of the social and political action of this Christian minority: a global level, discussing the mobilization of Assyrians in diaspora; a national/regional level, dealing with the insertion of the Assyrians in Syria and its relations with Damascus; a local level, manifested in the defense mechanisms of the territory by the Assyrians regarding the establishment of the Kurds in northern Syria. These three scales are mediated from the Syrian Civil War, when we relate the events involving the Assyrians at different levels of action to David's concepts of imperialism. Harvey, and of empire and multitude, treated by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt. The result of this research points to the existence of a diffuse Assyrian territoriality, while socially they are divided between rural and peasant communities and urban, peripheral and commercial circles. At the same time, politically, there is a diversity of political positions within Syria, with groups that recognize the Syrian State, sectors that support the Kurdish project and others that remain neutral in the dispute.
Abordagem de computação paralela para geração de bases de regras fuzzy em problemas de grande volume e de alta dimensionalidade dos dados usando algoritmos genéticos multiobjetivo de ordenação por não dominância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Santana, Maykon Rocha
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-7306
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9437028723564473
The development of Rule-Based Fuzzy Systems (FRBS) brings with it the need to address issues related to the desirable balance between the conflicting objectives of accuracy (measure related to the system's ability to describe a given problem) and complexity (measure related to interpretability of the FRBS according to the number of rules and rule antecedents). This situation also occurs when considering problems where the input data have large volume and high dimensionality. However, in these cases, a question arises: the number of rules is so large (thousands or even millions of rules) that the extraction of accurate and interpretable Fuzzy Rule Bases (FRB) through classical sequential algorithms becomes computationally very costly and often unfeasible. In this context, Parallel Computing appears as a means to, from a large set of rules, enable the extraction of FRB that are weighted between accuracy and complexity. Therefore, this work proposes a parallel computing approach to generate FRB from high-volume and high-dimensional rule sets. The idea is that, using parallel computing and Multiobjective Evolutionary Fuzzy Systems (MOEFS), it is possible to extract accurate and compact (less complex | more interpretable) FRB from a large set of rules. For the generation of MOEFS, the Multiobjective Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms NSGA-DO, MNSGA-DO and the classic NSGA-II were used. Each of these algorithms was tested to generate FRB from sets of Fuzzy rules obtained through the FCA-Based method. With the tests it was noticed that, with the use of AGMO NSGA-DO and MNSGA-DO, it was possible to achieve, in addition to the two main objectives, a better distribution of the solutions along the Pareto Frontier compared to the solutions obtained by the NSGA -II. The tests showed that, through the proposed approach, it was possible to extract accurate and compact BRFs from large sets of rules. Furthermore, tests were performed following a method based on the state-of-the-art FARC-HD approach. It was possible to perceive that the BRF obtained through the approach proposed here had, in general, greater accuracy in relation to the BRF extracted through the method based on the FARC-HD approach.
Práticas pedagógicas interculturais de docentes na Educação Básica e no Ensino Superior: análise da produção acadêmica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-28)
Barbosa, Ana Maria da Silva
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7807914975323849
The theme of this research is related to teachers' intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic and Higher Education, considering the problem involving the inequality present in schools - especially public ones - and the following need for the development of such practices. The question of the research is: how is the Brazilian academic production on interculturality configured in the pedagogical practices of teachers who work in both Basic and Higher Education? Thus, the general objective delimited is: to analyze the relations between interculturality and teaching in the pedagogical practices of Basic and Higher Education teachers, by carrying out a bibliographic survey of the Brazilian academic production available in journals in the educational field. The specific objectives established are: to investigate what has been published about the intercultural pedagogical practices of teachers in Basic Education and Higher Education; and to verify which contributions the analysis of intercultural pedagogical practices offers for the construction of new perspectives of work with intercultural education in the contexts of Basic and Higher Education. The theoretical framework is supported by humanizing education and interculturality theories. After collecting data from Brazilian journals in the field of Education, selected from pre-established descriptors, the corpus of the research analysis was composed of 8 articles considered "core" (about 33% of the selected articles), among them, only three dealt with intercultural pedagogical practices in Basic Education and five in Higher Education. The remaining 16 articles discussed: theoretical and conceptual approach on intercultural pedagogical practices; intercultural practices developed with artistic groups; and intercultural practices carried out in commercial relations between the indigenous community and the non-indigenous collective organization. It was verified that the initiatives with intercultural pedagogical practices present elements that can benefit and enhance the implementation of teaching practices that value cultural differences. In this aspect, the relationship between interculturality and teaching can be announced positively when relating to the presence and articulation of the contents domains, methodologies, and sensibility in the teaching practices addressed in the articles - theoretical categories which we used to accomplish the analyses. Regarding the contents, the respect for the students' knowledge was a constant; regarding the methodologies, we noticed that they were not based on "talking about", but always involved acting with the students from their realities and thinking about this action; as for the sensibility, it was analyzed that the articles did not offer subsidies to discuss the sensibility as to the principle that the teachers need to be committed with the learning of all students; it (sensibility) was always found in its relation with the contents and the methodologies. We also presented the contributions that the results provided regarding the reflection on teaching practices based on the valorization and dialogue between different cultures, indicating pedagogical possibilities concerning the relationship between interculturality and teaching.