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O direito à moradia como cumprimento da função social da propriedade pública: um estudo de caso do Programa Minha Morada de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25) Cunha, Camila Marques Paes da; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2226367541711810
The right to housing has been discussed more widely in Brazil since the 1980s, when popular movements for the right to live in a dignified manner emerged. As a result, debates on urban property and its social function also gain space in the urban policy scenario. When observing the country's housing deficit, it is clear that this discussion is still current. With the approval of the City Statute in 2001, new tools appear for the organization of urban territory and enable the production of housing of social interest. In this sense, this work addresses issues of the right to the city, mainly in the context of the Federal Constitution of 1988, discusses the social function of the city and property, especially that of public urban property, and argues that the government can provide housing of social interest as a way of fulfilling the social function of the urban voids of public property. From the case study of the Minha Morada Program, a local initiative of the municipality of Araraquara-SP, it analyzes the program that allocates empty urban areas of public property to a program of urbanized lots, in view of the insufficiency federal housing policies and the inadequacy of the social profile of the population that makes up most of the deficit. The results demonstrate that by allocating areas well served by infrastructure and public facilities for a housing policy that serves the most socioeconomically vulnerable population, the program seeks to fulfill the social function of public urban property, promoting decent housing within the local context, meeting the specificities of the city's housing deficit.
Nanocellulose removes the need for chemical crosslinking in tannin-based rigid foams and enhances their strength and fire retardancy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25) Missio, André Luiz; Otoni, Caio Gomide; Zhao, Bin; Beaumont, Marco; Khakalo, Alexey; Kämäräinen, Tero; Silva, Silvia Helena Fuentes da; Mattos, Bruno Dufau; Rojas, Orlando José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9403804691367376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6923877786371495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8821138660917770
Thermal insulation and fire protection are two of the most critical features affecting energy efficiency and safety in built environments. Together with the associated environmental footprint, there is a strong need to consider new insulation materials. Tannin rigid foams have been proposed as viable and sustainable alternatives to expanded polyurethanes, traditionally used in building enveloping. Tannin foams structure result from polymerization with furfuryl alcohol via self-expanding. We further introduce cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as a reinforcing agent that eliminates the need for chemical crosslinking during foam formation. CNF forms highly entangled and interconnected nanonetworks, at solid fractions as low as 0.1 wt %, enabling the formation of foams that are ca. 30% stronger and ca. 25% lighter compared to those produced with formaldehyde, currently known as one of the best performers in chemically coupling tannin and furfuryl alcohol. Compared to the those chemically crosslinked, our CNF-reinforced tannin foams display higher thermal degradation temperature (peak shifted upward, by 30–50 °C) and fire resistance (40% decrease in mass loss). Furthermore, we demonstrate partially hydrophobized CNF to tailor the foam microstructure and derived physical–mechanical properties. In sum, green and sustainable foams, stronger, lighter, and more resistant to fire are demonstrated compared to those produced by formaldehyde crosslinking.
Avaliação da aprendizagem, formação docente e atuação profissional: uma análise desse processo na perspectiva de professores da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25) Natal, Isabella; Onofre, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9780002643811861
This study has as perspective the promotion of data that contribute to the improvement of the evaluation practices, as well as to a review in the approaches of the evaluation theme in the teacher education courses. Our goal is to analyze the understanding of teachers about the assessment of learning approached in the process of initial training and the consequences of the discipline of Educational Assessment in their professional performance. In this sense, the research contemplates as specific objectives the necessity to: investigate what teachers understand by evaluation, what they defend and what they propose; identify the evaluation practices mentioned by teachers in the teaching-learning process; punctuate the limits and the reaches of the evaluation practices pointed out by teachers in their professional performance. The research is based on the epistemology of practice as a theoretical strand and on authors such as: Tardif (2000, 2012), Nóvoa (1992, 2017, 2019) and Gauthier et al (1998), to discuss the knowledge that underlies both the training and the professional performance of teachers; in addition to Freitas (1995, 2009), Hoffmann (1995, 2005, 2008), Luckesi (1995, 2000 e 2011), Vasconcellos (2006) and Villas Boas (2011), who deal with learning evaluation and its implications in Basic Education. Based on a qualitative approach, Bogdan and Biklen (1994), Lüdke and André (1986) and Gil (2008), and an exploratory-descriptive study (SELLTIZ et al, 1965), the analysis was developed with the completion of questionnaires applied to teachers mostly working in the public education system, graduates of the undergraduate courses of a higher education institution, an Autarchy under private law in the city of Avaré, São Paulo, who attended the subject Educational Assessment, offered by the institution. The analyzed data were organized into four category of analysis: 1) identity profile of professional training; 2) evaluation of learning, curriculum and initial training; 3) evaluation of learning and professional knowledge; 4) evaluation of learning and pedagogical practices. The results point to a probable contribution of the discipline of Educational Assessment in the initial training and possible reflexes on the professional performance, promoting the appropriation of concepts incorporated into the teachers' speeches, from a diagnostic, formative and procedural perspective, collaborating with the diversity of processes and allowing a more reflective and investigative posture focused on student learning.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de filtros de poliacrilonitrila incorporados com nanopartículas e surfactantes para aplicação biocida na filtração de ar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25) Silva, Edilton Nunes da; Béttega, Vádila Giovana Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-6329; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9372099776618325; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8565-4147
Suspended particulate matter in the air represents a significant health risk, potentially leading to severe respiratory diseases. Bioaerosols, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi, are also part of this particulate matter and can be inhaled, causing illnesses such as influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19. Electrospun filters are particularly effective for capturing these particulates due to their high surface area. Additionally, these filters can be enhanced by incorporating nanoparticles and surfactants into their fibers, which improves their filtration efficiency and imparts biocidal properties. This study focuses on developing a filtration medium using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) combined with compounds that provide biocidal characteristics and assessing how these compounds affect filtration performance. The compounds investigated include zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and surfactants like cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Electrospinning was employed to produce nanofibers at the nanometer scale. In the initial phase, electrospinning parameters were optimized using only ZnO. Nanofibers made from PAN at varying concentrations (8%, 9%, and 10% w/w) were combined with ZnO nanoparticles at different levels (5%, 10%, and 15%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure fiber diameters, and a 2³ factorial design was applied to determine the optimal conditions for PAN and ZnO concentrations and voltage to produce nanofibers with the smallest diameters, enhancing filtration efficiency. In the subsequent phase, the optimized conditions were used to produce nanofibers containing 15% ZnO nanoparticles and surfactants (CTAB, CPC, and SDS) at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. Characterization of the solutions was conducted for viscosity and conductivity, and the resulting filters were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, and contact angle measurements. The bactericidal and virucidal activities of the filters were also assessed. The findings revealed that the filtering media had nanofiber diameters ranging from 431 to 712 nm, with filtration efficiencies reaching up to 99.80% and a pressure drop of 170 Pa. Furthermore, filters containing surfactants showed bactericidal effects greater than 99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and virucidal effects exceeding 99% against SARS-CoV-2.
Derrubando cercas e dialogando saberes: desafios para uma extensão universitária transformadora em assentamentos rurais no sudeste da Amazônia Paraense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-07-25) Silva, Leandro Ferreira da; Santos, Maria Cristina dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1095065753077001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3168041714940378
In line with the objectives and purposes for which they were created, it is in the genesis and in the attributions given to the Federal Institutes “to develop extension activities according to the principles and purposes of Vocational and Technological Education (EPT), in articulation with the world of labor and social segments, and with an emphasis on the production, development and dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge” (BRASIL, 2008). In this sense, by establishing the articulations of the EPT through academic and technological knowledge and the surrounding community, the University Extension is understood as spaces for the production of knowledge and the dialogue of systematized knowledge between the academic and the popular that result in the democratization of the knowledge. In this perspective, the starting hypothesis considers the fact that the IFPA - Campus Rural de Marabá (CRMB) is located within a settlement area and both are symbols of the achievements of the struggle and effective action of social and union movements in the countryside for the right to land. and the EPT, resulting in a public education institution based on the concept of rural education, agroecology and pedagogical alternation. Therefore, these characteristics changed the logic of making the University Extension, making it more transformative. In this research, the question is: Have university extension practices for agrarian reform settlers in the southeast of Pará Amazon in the EPT experiences in the IFPA-CRMB field have been marketing, assistentialist and/or transformative? In order to answer this question, the objective of this thesis is to understand the extensionist practices affirmed to the settlers in the EPT field experiences, taking as a case the IFPA-CRMB and the Agrarian Reform Settlements. For this, the research combines four distinct and interconnected studies. The first study describes the struggle for land and the constitution of rural settlements in southeastern Pará and the presence of the IFPA-CRMB within this territory; second, it seeks to discuss the conceptions and foundations of the EPT through the analysis of the work and education category, which give us support to discuss the ideas that were being established and the factors that influenced and legitimized the conceptions of the EPT in the face of the interests of the ruling class and the training the workforce in the stages of Brazilian capitalist development; The third seeks to base itself on legal and theoretical frameworks that deal with the concepts and conceptions of University Extension and its identity, as well as its constitution over time and its relationship with teaching and research and the place it occupies today in EPT ; and the fourth presents the University Extension at EPT at IFPA-CRMB through its projects, narratives and experiences. As part of this stage, a study was carried out of five extension projects carried out with the Agrarian Reform settlers with a focus on the dialogue of knowledge. For the scope of the research, the investigation took the perspective of historical-dialectical materialism, and used as a methodological route: bibliometrics, document analysis, semi-structured remote interview and virtual questionnaire. The results achieved allow us to conclude that the university extension carried out in the Settlements, despite the limitations found, can play a significant and transformative role in these territories in order to overcome inequalities. Studies show that university extension, when constituted from the constant interaction between the IFPA-CRMB, social movements, settlers and all democratic forces in society, can gain contours that transcend a welfare and/or marketing extensionist conception.