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Políticas públicas para a primeira infância em Sorocaba (SP): limites e possibilidades das articulações feitas pelo Conselho Municipal de Educação (CMESO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-22) Moreira, Danieli Casare da Silva; Sant'Anna, Izabella Mendes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6541971471902800
This study aims to investigate the performance of the Municipal Education Council of Soro-caba (CMESO) in relation to public policies for Early Childhood Education regarding educational management processes within the Municipal Education System (SME). For that, initially, a contextualization about the genesis of the municipal education councils is exposed, as well as the constitution, trajectory and dynamics of functioning of the CMESO. Priority was also given to understanding what were the proposals for public policies for early childhood guided by the collegiate and their impacts at this stage of teaching. This research was methodologically based on the qualitative approach and documental analysis of minutes, opinions and deliberations of the CMESO in the time frame from 2018 to 2020. As a result, several topics addressed by this Council in relation to Early Childhood Education and its referrals were identified. , namely: discontinuity of Public Policy action projects and programs that culminated in CMESO Deliberation 02/2018; prohibition of the adoption of apostille for Education in the Municipality enacted by CMESO Resolution 06/2018; adult/child proportionality for early childhood education with CMESO Resolution 03/2018; as well as pedagogical proposals and definitions of actions by the municipality for early childhood education in the pandemic. In this sense, it is understood that the potential of the CMESO encompasses: the regulation and organization of the Education System, the establishment of guidelines for its planning, execution and evaluation. The Councils also play a fundamental role in the democratic management of the Teaching System and are committed to building social quality education. The challenges encountered involve the articulation and mediation of the demands of education by the local civil society together with the managers of the municipal public power. It is argued that the CMESO is a body attentive to the reality of the municipality and that fulfills its fundamental role in the democratic management of the Education System, based on the commitment to build quality education for all, aiming to guarantee equality and equity.
Limites e potencialidades da relação entre poder público municipal e cooperativas de catadores(as) de materiais recicláveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-22) Alves, Murilo Mendes; Zanin, Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9685965969782429; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8439365466768364
Recyclable-waste collectors cooperatives are organized and established in various regions of the country as an alternative to the misfortunes brought by unemployment and precarious work, which lead part of the population to seek different forms of subsistence in the economy. The main objective of this research is to identify favorable or unfavorable aspects in relation to the support of the municipal government with the cooperatives of solid waste pickers, which perform the selective collection service in four cities of the State of São Paulo. Thus, the research problem involves the lack of support offered to recycling cooperatives by the municipal government, and it is related to the absence of municipal public policies capable of promoting the socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers and maintain or consolidate existing experiences, a problem that causes negative effects on workers, such as: weakening of the cooperative; precariousness at work and discontinuity of the selective collection service. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, a qualitative descriptive approach was used and the study was carried out in four cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo that are part of the same geographic region and have solidarity economy cooperatives formed in the early 2000s . An extensive bibliographic review was carried out and the information was collected through documents, official websites and complemented by a questionnaire with closed questions directed to municipal public managers and to representatives of the cooperatives. Among the results, regarding the relationship between public authorities and recyclable-waste collectors cooperatives, factors that can promote the strengthening or weakening of collectors cooperatives were evidenced. Municipal legislations were identified with the potential to offer better conditions and overcome the scenario of exploitation and precariousness of the work of collectors, but which are not fully implemented. It was concluded that the hiring of recyclable-waste collectors cooperatives is a fundamental factor to strengthen their activities, but it is also necessary that the public power is properly structured to offer support to the collectors, aiming at the inclusion of more people in the recycling production chain, so that it is also possible to promote the principles of solidarity economy with these workers. Support from the government brings greater security for cooperatives to develop their work and can contribute to greater longevity and sustainability of these enterprises. In this sense, the results of the work indicate that with the support of the public power through the formal contracting of cooperatives and the implementation of government actions that generate effective benefits to the work of the collectors, the cooperatives are able to provide their services appropriately, as well as effecting the inclusion of more workers in the recycling production chain, generating benefits in the economic, environmental and social dimensions.
Mimese, ressentimento do guerreiro e formação: manifestações contra a universidade pública brasileira em redes sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-22) Souza, Edson Guilherme de; Gomes, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8565977424230178
During the last few years, in Brazil, it has been possible to witness the ascension of manifestations that precede the totalitarianism. Attacks to academic institutions, which also represent attacks to Education and critical thinking, have intensified and disseminated in this period. These manifestations can be visualized mainly on social networks. Besides the direct hostility towards the institutions, a pseudo-rationality of paranoid traces has taken shape, which tries to raise false judgements to the status of knowledge while driving the hatred to predetermined targets. Questioning about the motivations to support these ideas, this research seeks to move the knowledge from the Critical Theory of Society in an attempt to unveil the subjective mechanisms of such phenomena. The work proposes to discuss concepts that relate to education and formation and to the manifestations of hatred and contempt towards educational institutions: the Frankfurtian concepts of mimesis and resentment of the warrior. It also conducts an historical analysis of recent changes in Brazilian universities, in terms of economical transformations that submitted them to politics of adjustments to capitalist society. As a next step, it searches to perform a content analysis of the object, in the form of publications that express de contempt for the Brazilian universities, the Education and the knowledge.
Borracha natural modificada com ácido hialurônico para aplicações em lesões cutâneas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-22) Miranda, Bruna Vanessa Quevedo; Rezende, Maira de Lourdes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2299690498863346; Duek, Eliana Aparecida de Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4147198882685212; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2240370763777663
Skin lesions are considered a public health problem, because in addition to compromising and impairing the quality of life of individuals, they can generate high costs for the health system. In this context, the search for biomaterials that can treat and recover damaged tissues is growing. Studies show that Natural Rubber (NR), extracted from Hevea brasiliensis rubber trees, is a biocompatible biopolymer that has properties that help in the tissue repair process. However, for biomedical applications, it has certain limitations related to the presence of allergenic proteins, hydrophobicity and unsaturated bonds, which limiting its application. In order to overcome these limitations and contribute to the development of new biomaterials, this study aims to deproteinize, epoxidize and graft NR with hyaluronic acid (HA), which is extremely widespread in the medical field due to its bioactive properties. The study also aimed to evaluate the behavior of the new material as a release system for active compounds. For this purpose, the release profile of dry chamomile flower extract (CHAM) was tested due to its therapeutic properties. Therefore, the 1st stage of this work investigated two different methodologies to obtain the proposed material, which were called 1st and 2nd route. Both materials were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which allowed us to observe signs of deproteinization and esterification grafting between the epoxidized NR and HA molecules. Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR) analysis corroborated the results obtained by FTIR. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermal analyzes showed that the grafted sample had a lower degradation rate and a higher glass transition temperature (Tg), indicating strong intermolecular interactions. In the 2nd stage, it was found by FTIR that the interaction between the grafted material and CHAM is merely physical. The TG showed that the incorporation of CAM to the modified material is capable of causing a decrease in its thermal stability. The DSC showed that the addition of CHAM can cause a slight increase in the flexibility of the material. Finally, the release profile showed that the grafted material is capable of acting in the CHAM release process, which makes the material promising to be applied in the future in the treatment of skin lesions.
As relações entre o desenho e o desenvolvimento da consciência na educação infantil à luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-22) Boriollo, Beatriz de Cássia; Mello, Maria Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7564543327972299
This is a theoretical research, based on Historical-Cultural Theory, to answer the question: what is the contribution of Historical-Cultural Theory for the comprehension of the relationship between the development processes of the drawing and the child’s consciousness in the children’s education? The aim was to identify the underpinnings of the Historical-Cultural Theory necessary to relate the development of the drawing and the child’s consciousness, as well as its possible implications in the teaching practice. Therefore, through the genetic-experimental method of Historical-Cultural Theory and based on theoretical-bibliographic research, we discussed the necessity of the teachers to maximize, intentionally, the development of children’s drawings, to provide the development of higher psychological functions. As specific goals, we seek: to conceptualize the underpinnings of the drawing in the Vygotskian theory and find fundamental issues (guidelines originated from reflective abstractions) to comprehend the development process of the drawing and the child’s consciousness, and its possible implications in the pedagogical practice; to discuss the teacher’s role as enhancer of the drawing’s development. As from the immersion in the historical reality of our research subject, we identified in the drawing categories and consciousness, the analysis guidelines of data in light of Historical-Cultural Theory. In other words, the school’s role in children’s education, aesthetic and artistic education; the possibilities a teacher in children’s education of creating meaningful contexts in his/her pedagogical practices, intentionally, to the development process of the drawing and the child’s consciousness; the relationship of the higher psychological function of the drawing with the other higher psychological functions; the possibilities of the drawing also taking other roles in the child’s development and the relationships between the drawing development and the child’s consciousness development in the children’s education. The results proved our thesis: the teacher’s intentionally planned action for an aesthetic and artistic education, guided to the development process of the higher psychological functions, meaningful to a child, can promote and maximize the movement between the drawing development and the child’s awareness raising process.
Práticas e percepções de agricultoras e agricultores sobre o manejo do capim-mombaça (Megathyrsus maximus) em sistemas agroflorestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-08-22) Xavier, Marcelo Gomes Barroca; Ramos Filho, Luiz Octavio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194484031523826; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5557668903368221
Anchored in the practices and knowledge of traditional peoples and communities, and in the dialogue of this knowledge with science, agroecology seeks to rescue and develop production practices based on ecological principles. The processes that consist of transforming a conventional system into sustainable production systems comprise the agroecological transition. Agroforestry systems (SAFs) are an important alternative for this transition. In SAFs, the local production of biomass for soil cover is primordial. Grasses, for their adaptability and productivity characteristics, have been used in SAFs, among them, the mombasa grass (Megathysus maximus Jaq.), being cultivated in strips and cut systematically. Through semi-structured interviews, the present study sought to understand and systematize the practices and perceptions of farmers regarding the management of mombaça in SAFs. The interviews were conducted with seven interlocutors, five men and two women, aged 31 to 60 years. The interlocutors comprise experiences from three different Brazilian states (São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná), as well as from the Federal District. The content of the interviews was organized in the following categories: 1) cutting point; 2) cutting height; and 3) mechanization aspects. Regarding the criteria used for cutting the grass, farmers mention aspects such as the "pre-flowering phase", "young grass" and "before it gets old". The height, "about 1 meter", as well as the availability of labor were also pointed out as factors that influence the cutting point of the grass. Regarding the cutting height, the interlocutors mentioned a preference for lower heights, from 5 to 15 cm, to promote greater tillering in regrowth. According to the interlocutors, machinery is a limiting factor. The machines mentioned were: backpack brush cutter, micro-tractor, tractor brush cutter, forage harvester, and ecological brush cutter. The interviews proved to be an important tool to identify the farmers' practices and perceptions, contributing to bring the voice and experience of those who are in practice to dialogue with the knowledge developed in the academic-scientific context.