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A alfabetização científica na educação brasileira: desafios e perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29) Mendes, Clayton Silva; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-3527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4693755166466635
The Science, Technology and Innovation are recognized as key factors in the economic and social development of nations and are part of the economic agenda of many countries. Deepening knowledge about Science, Technology and Society is an interdisciplinary objective shared by different areas of knowledge. Training for the practice of science and for technological innovation is complex, insofar as it cannot be considered independently of the situation of basic education in Brazil, that is, of primary and secondary education. Linked to the school space, science and technology have provided numerous transformations in society. Scientific Initiation is the space where a young person's first contacts with research take place. In this sense, the research proposed here intends to identify the advantages and challenges of scientific literacy in basic education. Through five articles, it was possible to describe the types of research, funding, grants and the importance of scientific education for the training of future researchers.
Modelagem matemática e simulação computacional aplicadas ao estudo de processos de co-digestão anaeróbia de glicerol e/ou melaço
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29) Ferreira, Carolina Machado; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7005262002323073
Policies worldwide are increasingly incentivizing and pressuring countries to use renewable sources of energy. Brazil was a pioneer in the production of bioethanol and is one of the main producers of biodiesel. Due to the expanding production of biodiesel in Brazil, large quantities of crude glycerol are generated as a byproduct, while the high cost of its purification means that it is discarded by small and medium sized producers. Given the environmental impacts of such disposal, as well as the energy potential of glycerol (since it is carbon-rich), an attractive application of crude glycerol is in the generation of biomethane by means of anaerobic co-digestion, involving the decomposition of the organic matter in two or more substrates by bacteria and archaea, in the absence of oxygen. Co-digestion enables balancing of the availabilities of nutrients, so that biogas production is optimized. Like glycerol, sugarcane molasses has widespread availability, as a byproduct of sugar crystallization, and contains nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and other elements at concentrations that enable it to be considered as a complementary substrate for use in co-digestion processes. Computational simulations using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic offer a way to rapidly predict the production of biogas in different scenarios. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of these artificial intelligence techniques in the production of biomethane from the anaerobic co-digestion of glycerol and sugarcane molasses. Firstly, experimental data reported in the literature were used, where mixtures had a composition of distillery water in the range from 95 to 100%, and a concentration of glycerol and sugarcane molasses from 0 to 5%. A reactor model was implemented using Scilab, with Monod kinetics involving two substrates and an intermediate (M2SI model), in order to generate a database for subsequent fitting and evaluation of neural and fuzzy models. The neural network package of Matlab was used, with evaluation of the effect of the number of neurons in the networks and the distribution of data used for the training, validation, and testing sets. The Matlab package includes the multilayer perceptron artificial neural network framework and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm (for training). Fuzzy modeling was applied using the Takagi-Sugeno approach available in the ANFIS package of Matlab. A Gaussian membership function and a hybrid algorithm were used for the training. The biomethane production results simulated by M2SI showed very satisfactory predictions for 8 scenarios, which were used in neural network modeling, firstly employing a “generic” network applicable to all 8 scenarios. A very good fit was obtained (R² > 0.99). The minimum quantity of neurons in the hidden layer was 14, with a small error between the intended output value and the output variable simulated by the neural network. Excellent performance was also observed for specific artificial neural networks (one for each condition). The kinetic parameters of the M2SI model for the 8 different conditions were also mapped using an artificial neural network, as a function of the organic material composition. In this case, due to the relatively low volume of data, test data were not allocated, with 90% and 10% being used for training and validation, respectively. A fit with R² > 0.99 was obtained using 25 neurons. In the case of the fuzzy logic, RMSE of 18.88 mL of methane was obtained with 216 rules, which was a value lower than 0.5% of the order of magnitude of the accumulated methane. It could be concluded from the results that fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks offer excellent ability to predict methane production, as well as to parameterize the M2SI kinetic model (using neural networks).
Por uma leitura crítica da categoria consciência na obra “Educação como prática da liberdade” de Paulo Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29) Batalha, Douglas; Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6371141638709150
The aim of this work is to present, discuss and critically position itself regarding the category consciência in the work “Educação como prática da liberdade” (1967) by Paulo Freire (1921– 1997). For that, a qualitative approach will be used with emphasis, through bibliographic and documental survey, as well as complementary bibliography. The text will be guided by the guiding question: why does understanding the category consciência require a critical reading of the work “Educação como prática da liberdade” and, consequently, of freirean thought? The results obtained, in addition to the writing of this monograph, indicated that the critical resumption of the work studied is important and, in particular, the category consciência, since the observance of the conditions of writing and circulation of the book in its particular time and historical space , in addition to the arrangement itself and internal and intrinsic relationships to the text, better allow the scope and relationship in perspective of this with the development of freirean thought.
A experiência do desenvolvedor no uso de quadros kanban em startups de software: recomendações de boas práticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29) Santos, Angelica Cunha; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4771025915754083
Software startups are organizations that usually have few human or financial resources, suffering from the time pressure exerted by the market. To face the difficulties and have the flexibility that the market requires, startups intend to adhere to agile software development practices. One of the tools to support agile practices frequently present in this type of organization is the kanban board. This board can be physical or virtual, its function is to display the workflow and status of tasks in a simple way, containing columns to represent the status and cards to represent the tasks, making its use well spread by software startups. Even though the kanban board is considered easy to use, some difficulties can be faced by software developers when using it, such as: problems in finding some information, difficulties in understanding the scope and lack of standard can affect the developer experience ,or DX, and consequently affect the performance and the work developed. From this, the general objective of this project was to carry out an investigation on the characteristics of virtual kanban from the perspective of startup professionals, seeking to understand how the characteristics of the virtual kanban board affect DX, and how this experience impacts the characteristics of startups .At the end, a guide called KanbanGuide4Startups, is proposed, consisting of recommendations to help software developers in startups to use the board. To execute this investigation, the DX framework was used, the characteristics that startups have, and the characteristics of the kanban board they need to have. Initially, a study was carried out in the literature to understand the main topics of this work. An exploratory study was conducted to identify how the virtual kanban board is used in software startups and how it affects the developer experience and software startups. For this, a qualitative analysis was performed on kanban boards and through interviews with developers. The results showed eight key aspects arising from the use of the virtual kanban board that impact the developer experience and the characteristics of startups. A study of the virtual kanban board tools was also conducted, where the objective was to understand how these tools are able to meet the requirements of good practices that the kanban board must have. KanbanGuide4Startups, was proposed considering the results of the eight key aspects found in the exploratory study and the study of tools. The guide was evaluated by four startup development professionals. The evaluation took place through interviews seeking to collect perceptions in relation to the recommendations. The results showed that in the perception of experts, the recommendations are viable for the startup context as long as there are no exaggerations when applying them.
Aprendizagem para resiliência socioecológica de comunidades rurais: sistema de indicadores a partir de uma escola do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29) Oliveira, Maria Paula Pires de; Valdanha Neto, Diógenes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8853958256665125; Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9925430852423901
Socioecological resilience is related to the ability of a socioecological system to adapt to disturbances, in order to transform itself and still maintain its structure and function. Learning for resilience can contribute to strengthening communities from a perspective that recognizes the complexity and interdependence of the elements which compose socio-ecological systems. The objective of this research was to understand the role of school practices of an educational institution in the socio-ecological resilience of rural communities and the participatory process of definition, validation, application, and analysis of indicators established for this purpose. The research was carried out with the Terra Nova State School (Terra Nova do Norte, MT), a rural high school with technical qualification in agroecology whose work proposal is the pedagogy of alternation. The methodological strategy addressed intervention research and integrated qualitative and quantitative perspectives. At the school, workshops were held for conceptual alignment, as well as dynamics and the application of questionnaires to define, validate and apply the indicators in a participatory manner. Part of this work integrated an extension project with a continuing education course offering to fifteen professionals from the school. The proposition of the system of indicators involved bibliographical research and selection, coding and categorization of the data collected with the school. Four dimensions and fourteen indicators were defined, validated (3S method of self-validation, scientific validation and social validation), applied to students, former students, families and school staff and analyzed and discussed together with students and members of the school’s professional team. Among the school's contributions to socio-ecological resilience, environmental governance and adaptive co-management, are adaptive capacity, dialogue, experimentation, connection between school and territory, landscape diversification, collectivity, strengthening social bonds, valuing ecosystems and self-organization. The research brings as a scientific contribution the reflection on the socioecological resilience of rural communities and the role of the rural school in this context, as well as the development of a management tool (indicators) that can help the continuous improvement of school practices.
Telessaúde com videomodelação no ensino da mãe para o ensino de tato para o filho com TEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2022-11-29) Tozadore, Michele Carnieto; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5320102985130348; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-2643
Parent-mediated training for children with autism can be done by telehealth and is a promising alternative, as treatments can expand to natural settings. The aim of this study was to verify possible contributions of a mother training program, by telehealth with video modeling, to teaching tact to her child with autism. For this, the mother participated in a remote program to teach tact to her 5-year-old son with autism. The program was developed in meetings by the Google meet platform with submission of videos intended for video modeling. The mother's performance was measured by the frequency of correct answers in the predicted behaviors for the organization of the environment, the application of a preference test, the tact training and the completion of the activity. Additionally, the child's frequency of correct answers in the emission of tact, response latency and face deviation were measured. The results indicate that there was an increase in the frequency of correct answers in the mother's behaviors when exposed to training and that the child emitted tact after the mother's training. It is inferred that interventions proposed by telehealth with video modeling can favor the performance of parents in teaching tact to their children with autism.