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Congresso Paulista de Educação Infantil - COPEDI: contribuições à formação de professoras/es de Educação Infantil (1998-2022)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-30)
Araujo, Bruna Paes Junqueira
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Santos, Maria Walburga dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-5800
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473808920463753
The objective of this research was to investigate to what extent the editions of the São Paulo Congress of Early Childhood Education (COPEDI), by bringing current themes in the theory-practice relationship, constitute a training space for early childhood education professionals. It is understood that teacher training, whether initial or continuing, should not be limited to the formal/university space, which, although it is essential, ends up not being enough, since teaching in early childhood education requires a broad and diversified training. In this sense, in addition to the individual dimension, teacher training demands interaction and collectivity, because it is through the interactions between daily practices and knowledge that training is constituted. For Nóvoa (1986, 2013, 2017), teacher training as training for a profession takes place in the crossing of different institutions. And precisely because it is understood that theoretical activity and "isolated" practice do not lead to the transformation of reality, COPEDI is taken as the object of study, a broad and plural space of recognized importance in the national scenario in the area of Early Childhood Education, which brings together teachers, researchers, specialists, students and other subjects interested in debates, research and propositions in relation to childhood. children and their rights and Early Childhood Education. Among the theoretical frameworks, we highlight some authors who served as a basis for the dialogue between teacher training, public policies, early childhood education, education forums and COPEDI: NÓVOA; KRAMER; MORUZZI; ROSENBERG; FARIA and PALHARES; MAUDONNET; SERRAO AND NASCIMENTO; TOMAZZETTI; SANTOS and MELLO. The qualitative research was organized in two complementary stages: a) bibliographic research that aimed to deepen and analyze the accumulated scientific knowledge on the theme of early childhood education teacher training and public policies, in addition to mapping the data around COPEDI and teacher training in the period from 1998 to 2019; b) documentary research, which focused on documents derived from COPEDIs, such as: Annals, programming notebooks, books, and other sources such as websites/online pages of each edition. For the analysis and discussion of the data, publications from the FPEI and MIEIB were taken as a parameter. From the materials studied, some categories of analysis were created. Thus, in the course of the research it was possible to notice the importance and recognition by researchers, students, teachers, of MIEIB, FPEI and COPEDI for the field of early childhood education. The themes of COPEDI are in line with what has been presented in the meetings of WG07 of ANPEd. Broadly speaking. In general terms, it is concluded that although COPEDI is not directly responsible for the training of teachers of early childhood education, it brings contributions to the training of these professionals to the extent that the community fosters debates from the academic sphere, the legal field and the daily practices of early childhood education, in addition to dialoguing with people and institutions directly responsible for initial and continuing education. The survey and analysis of the themes indicate that they arise from pressing situations in each historical, political and social context. Influenced, therefore, by demands brought about by changes in public policies regarding the organization and structuring of early childhood education. On the other hand, COPEDI still has the challenge of expanding the participation of basic education teachers. Keywords: Teacher education. São Paulo Congress of Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education. Public policy.
Design of new immobilized lipases for biotransformations in aqueous and organic media
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-30)
Guimarães, José Renato
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Lafuente, Roberto Fernández
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9814026415075608
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
A review of the literature covering research on the immobilization of lipases on hydrophobic supports was performed using systematic mapping (MS) concepts. The MS approach enabled the identification of gaps that led to the development of this thesis. The mineralization of lipases immobilized with metal phosphate was the main focus of the study. This strategy is an alternative to solve the nanoflowers fragility while maintaining some of the mineralization benefits. When mineralization is performed on previously immobilized enzymes, the researcher can select the support based on its mechanical resistance, avoiding the difficulties derived from the management of the small and fragile nanoflowers. Moreover, the mineralization of immobilized enzyme couples the positive effects of enzyme mineralization during nanoflowers production with the benefits of enzyme immobilization in preexisting solids. Several lipases were immobilized on octyl agarose beads via interfacial activation and modified with diverse metal phosphates. It was found that the effects of the metal phosphate modification were clearer and more positive using highly loaded biocatalyst, suggesting that enzyme crowding could facilitate some of the positive effects of enzyme mineralization. The effects depended on the nature of both enzyme and metallic phosphate. The incubation with only sodium phosphate or only metal chloride, as well as the immobilization on previously modified supports which produced significantly reduced effects. The immobilized enzyme mineralization cannot produce a tridimensional nanoflower, as the enzymes will be located on a flat planar surface, but the results suggest that the positive effects of the building of nanoflowers may be, at least partially, achieved using this solid-phase strategy. However, we cannot talk of nanoflowers, as these tridimensional structures will never be achieved. The study was later extended to the use of diverse commercial biocatalysts and Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) immobilized on Purolite@ C18. The modifications greatly altered enzyme specificity, increasing the activity versus some substrates while decreasing the activity versus other substrates. Enantiospecificity was also drastically altered after these modifications. Regarding the enzyme stability, no significant positive effects were found; in fact, a decrease in enzyme stability was usually detected. The influence of the immobilization protocol on the effects of mineralization was investigated. The stability, activity and specificity of the biocatalysts were very different, both the differently blocked vinyl sulfone biocatalysts (VS-biocatalysts) and the glutaraldehyde biocatalysts prepared at different pH. The activity, specificity and stability effects of the mineralization strongly depended on the enzyme and on the immobilization protocol. For the same enzyme, a mineralization protocol could be negative, positive or present no effect depending on the enzyme immobilization procedure and substrate. These results highlight the great potential of mineralization of immobilized enzymes to improve their properties, as well as the great interactions that immobilization protocol and mineralization can exhibit. The combination of both methodologies greatly increases the possibilities to find a biocatalyst that can be suitable for a specific process. The mineralization of chemically or physically modified immobilized lipases is also a potent tool to improve enzyme features. The changes caused by chemical modifications with glutaraldehyde, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or ethylenediamine and carbodiimide, or physical coating with ionic polymers, such as polyethylenimine and dextran sulfate have, in most cases, negative effects with some substrates and positive with other ones. Furthermore, the same mineralization could present different effects on the enzyme activity, specificity or stability, depending on the previous modification performed on the enzyme, showing that these previous enzyme modifications alter the effects of the mineralization on enzyme features. In this way, the combination of chemical or physical modifications of enzymes before their mineralization increases the range of modification of features that the immobilized enzyme can experienced, enabling to enlarge the biocatalyst library. Eversa@ Transform immobilized on Purolite@ C18 was successfully applied in the esterification of purified fatty acids of the hydrolysis of degummed soybean oil for the synthesis of octyl esters. Furthermore, aiming at the application of biocatalysts in organic reactions, TLL was immobilized on Purolite@ C18 aminated and activated with vinyl sulfone. The use of different blocking agents as reaction end point (using ethylene-diamine, aspartic acid, glycine, and cysteine) greatly altered the biocatalyst functional features (activity, specificity, or stability). Furthermore, the differently blocked VS-biocatalysts showed different performances in the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters. In general, they showed better affinity for the transesterification of polyunsaturated oils.
Towards a multi-dimensional framework to put UX into action in software startups
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-30)
Choma, Joelma
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Zaina, Luciana
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Sharp, Helen
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Barroca, Leonor
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Souza, Cleidson de
Infância, pandemia e luto: ampliação da rede de apoio afetiva e social de crianças por intermédio de uma intervenção psicossocial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-30)
Sanches, Amanda Moro
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Veloso, Milene Maria Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6105598873866312
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-8968
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Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes
This study aimed to assess the effects of a psychosocial intervention in expanding the perceived social support network of children who lost one or more loved ones as a result of the contamination by COVID-19. This is a quasi-experimental study, based on the mixed-methods approach and with a cross-sectional design. Eighteen children participated, aged between 8-11 years old (M = 10; SD = 0.82), randomly divided into Experimental Group (GEx) and Control Group (CG). The intervention took place over eight sessions and was conducted in the context of a public school. The Five Fields Map (FFM) was employed for data collection and the data obtained in the pre-test (T1) and post-test (T2) measures were evaluated through descriptive analysis and through the robust t test for truncated mean and dependent samples. The findings showed that the intervention was able to increase the perception of social support received in the Friends field, as well as increase the frequency of people mentioned in Level 1 of the FFM. In addition, the averages showed that the effect size in favor of GEx compared to CG was of moderate magnitude in the dimensions Family (δt = 0.4; p = 0.26), Institution (δt = 0.53; p = 0.07), Friends (δt = 0.41; p = 0.07), Community (δt =0.33; p = 0.45) and Total (δt =0.64; p = 0.11). The limitations of the investigation are discussed, as well as future studies are indicated, especially in relation to psychosocial intervention programs aimed at children who experience losses in disaster contexts.
Benefícios e propriedades tecnológicas em alimentos enriquecidos com farinha de batata yacon
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-30)
Barabba, Giovanna Guimarães
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Kato Junior, Edison Tutomu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2870505840656417
One of the most important aspects in controlling, preventing, and treatment for several diseases is food. Because of that, the interest in functional food has been increasing steadily to promote health in general. Functional food is those that when part of a diet, besides the basic nutrition functions, present physiological and metabolic function benefits to the organism, contributing towards health, life quality and disease prevention. Health research utilizing yacon and its derivatives stand out for their prebiotic potential, antioxidant activity, immune system improvements and decrease on blood glucose. Due to the nutritional and functional benefits that the yacon potato presents, its flour has been developed and used as an ingredient. The use of yacon and its derivatives in developing new food products is promising, since its functional properties are being researched and confirmed scientifically over time. It is possible to make yacon into flour, and with it, develop new products such as: breads, cakes, frozen yogurt, tilapia fishburger and others. The main objective of this study is to compile the necessary information for analysis and comparison of the use of yacon potato flour in formulations and its benefits for human health based on theoretical foundations, resulting in a literature review.
Development of integrated strategies using non-recombinant yeast for 2G ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-31)
Sandri, Juliana Passamani
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Milessi Esteves, Thais Suzane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7000002745065879
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
The viability of second-generation (2G) ethanol production still requires overcoming some bottlenecks, such as the underutilization of the hemicellulosic fraction of biomass and process improvements to reach higher productivity and economic viability. In this sense, the present project aimed to study and develop strategies for efficient 2G ethanol production, taking full advantage of biomass sugars and using non-recombinant yeasts and commercial enzymes, besides evaluating processes integration for first (1G) and 2G ethanol production. Simultaneous Isomerization and Fermentation (SIF) studies were carried out with commercial yeasts (S. cerevisiae Itaiquara and FT858L) and enzymes (xylose isomerases IGI-HF and Sweetzyme IT extra). Both enzymes were adequate to operate under SIF conditions (pH 5.2, 35 °C), whilst the baker’s yeast Itaiquara had better performance in fermenting xylulose. Mass transfer limitations in the SIF were circumvented by designing and operating the denominated “enzyme-multiple-packed bed reactor” (EMPBR), consisting of several tubes for enzyme load (53 IU/mL), which enabled its recycling in a process that resulted in ethanol productivities of about 0.87 getOH/L/h in xylose synthetic medium. The EMPBR was also applied for Simultaneous (Saccharification) Isomerization and Co-Fermentation (SICF/SSICF). The best strategy for hexoses and pentoses co-fermentation was evaluated in a defined medium mimicking industrial hydrolysate, with 12% of the total ethanol produced coming from xylose. Then, EMPBR performance was evaluated in industrial media, consisting of hemicellulosic hydrolysates mixed with pretreated solids (2G) or molasses (1G), supplemented with the commercial enzyme preparation Cellic®CTec2, under the concepts of 1G/2G process integration and whole sugarcane bagasse use. Hydrothermal hydrolysate fermented in a sequential strategy with molasses resulted in 76% of xylose conversion and 46 g/L of ethanol titer. Co-cultures with the yeasts K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae, aiming at improvements in the co-fermentation of hexoses and pentoses, were carried out in 24 deep-well plates, which allowed the screening of different culture conditions. A promising xylose conversion (83%) was achieved compared to monoculture (52%, K. marxianus), in hemicellulosic hydrolysate medium supplemented with nutrients (35 °C, 150 rpm, Vmedium: 2/5 of deep-well volume, CXi: 5 g/L). Further studies of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of the entire fraction of pretreated sugarcane bagasse were conducted on a small scale, reaching 37.5% cellulose conversion with 20% (w/v) of solids after 72 h at 35 °C. Scaleup of the process was carried out in a bioreactor designed for high solid load (HSL) processes. Solid feeding strategies were evaluated, achieving 64 and 75% cellulose conversion with 22.5% solids (w/v) after 72 h at 35 and 50 °C, respectively. Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-Fermentation (SSCF) with 15% solids were conducted with co-culture under the optimal conditions found in the 24-well plate study, resulting in 98% glucose and 52% xylose conversions, respectively, in 72 h, ethanol yield of 0.23 getOH/gS and productivity of 0.28 getOH/L/h. However, cell viability loss was observed during the HSL bioreactor operation, requiring modifications in the culture strategy. Overall, a great advance in the 2G processes using non-recombinant yeasts and commercial enzymes was achieved, as well as promising results for integrating the 1G/2G ethanol production processes.
Propriedades mecânicas e eletroquímicas do aço inoxidável AISI 410 goivado com eletrodo de grafita e soldado por arco submerso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-31)
Figueiredo, Elvio
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-3694
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
In petrochemical industries, the electric arc gouging process with a graphite electrode is widely used for removing defective welds in carbon steel. It is a fast and simple process compared to grinding, and more economical than plasma gouging. However, for stainless steels, there is limited information in the literature regarding the amount of carbon deposited in stainless steel during gouging, and the risks of intergranular corrosion and loss of mechanical properties. No studies were found addressing the effect of gouging followed by submerged arc welding on ferritic stainless steels. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the metallurgical changes and their consequences on the mechanical and electrochemical properties resulting from gouging followed by submerged arc welding with AWS-ER 410 electrode, in AISI 410 stainless steel. The plates, before and after re-welding, were subjected to tensile and impact tests (Charpy). The degree of sensitization of the welded joint was evaluated through the double loop potentiokinetic reactivation technique (DL-EPR) according to ISO 12732, and the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion was tested according to ASTM A763, practice W. The study showed that gouging, even with appropriat parameters, can lead to sensitization. The intergranular corrosion susceptibility test showed the presence of pits in all samples. The potentiokinetic reactivation test showed a high degree of sensitization, above 5%, in samples subjected to gouging and those welded by submerged arc. Submerged arc welding on AISI 410 reduced toughness and increased the degree of sensitization. Therefore, the use of AISI 410 stainless steel subjected to gouging with a graphite electrode and welded by submerged arc is not recommended for use in the petrochemical industry.
Isolamento e caracterização de bactérias rizosféricas de cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica) e seus efeitos na promoção de crescimento nas culturas da soja e do algodão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-31)
Nadalini, Marilia Thomé
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
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Dalio, Ronaldo José Durigan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5725118850483397
Brazil occupies a prominent position in the global agricultural scenario, being the world's largest producer of soy, the main crop of Brazilian agribusiness, and the world's fourth largest producer of cotton. However, the presence of acidic and low fertility soils, combined with the quest to increase productivity, make Brazil the largest consumer of fertilizers, which increases production costs and generates environmental impacts. In this context, the use of microorganisms that promote plant growth is an important ally in agriculture, helping to mobilize and transport nutrients to the plant and also to tolerate biotic and abiotic factors. This work aims to verify the existence of bacteria that promote plant growth among isolates from the rhizosphere of cagaiteira (Eugenia dysenterica), a specie native of the savannah, found in regions with acidic soils and poor in nutrients, already used for bioprospecting microorganisms of biotechnological interest. The isolates that showed fast growth were submitted to an in vitro test to verify their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2), solubilize phosphate and potassium, and produce siderophores and biofilm. Based on in vitro analyses, bacteria 02, 04 and 06 were selected for tests in a greenhouse on soy and cotton crops. The biometric parameters height, aerial fresh mass, aerial dry mass, root dry mass, number and mass of pods for soy plants were evaluated at the end of the in vivo experiment. Isolate 02 promoted an increase of 35.63% in the root dry mass of cotton plants, while those inoculated with isolate 06 obtained an increase of 32.73%. Soy plants inoculated with bacteria 02 and 04 showed an increase of 13.33% and 11.67%, respectively, in the number of pods. The other evaluated parameters did not show statistically significant difference between treatments. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the interaction between plant and microorganisms varies according to the plant species and, furthermore, that the positive effects observed may be correlated to the ability of these microorganisms to fix N2, to solubilize phosphate and potassium and to produce biofilm and siderophores.
Ritmo climático, a partir de aspectos da precipitação pluviométrica, na região metropolitana de Sorocaba, entre os anos de 2000 a 2015
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-01-31)
Sá, Ivan Vasconcelos de Almeida
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Silva, Edelci Nunes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7229161630393268
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2771113750760706
Study of the climate has evolved considerably throughout the years. In the climatic characterization of a locality, study the rhythm is important to know the dynamics on a certain scale, but also the interactions resulting from the movements that occur in the atmosphere.. The metropolitan region of Sorocaba was established in 2014, representing an intention of integration of some municipalities near Sorocaba. Later, in 2016, the municipality of Itapetininga was incorporated to this region The characterization of atmospheric phenomena can be realized by the Standard Years technique, wherever, from a given variable, the years are classified according to the similarities between these characteristics of atmospheric attributes, forming groups of years in common. With this characterization, it is possible to perform a rhythmic analysis of some periods within the selected interval. This work has as objective to establish the patterns and the spatio-temporal characteristics of rainfall in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba from the perspective of rhythmic analysis, between the years 2000 to 2015. For this purpose, we selected data from twenty pluviometers of DAEE present in the region, establishing the standard years. With this information, data from five weather stations were selected, being three from INMET and two from CIIAgro from January and July of 2009, 2013 and 2014. The use of Standard Deviation in relation to the mean to define the standard years in this area of study showed that there is a great diversity of characteristics to be watched in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba. Because of this, it is possible to observe that a certain year has characteristics of a rainy year in one location and another year in another location. In the rhythmic analyzes made in the Metropolitan Region of Sorocaba, it was possible to observe that each location presented different behaviors, even under the influence of the same atmospheric systems. Can contribute to it, factors such as altitude, vegetation, land use and the geographical location of the measurement site itself. These differentiations reinforce the transition aspect present in the RMS and show that it is important to know these characteristics in depth to properly understand the regional dynamics present.
Importância da mastofauna como ferramenta para conservação: estudo de caso do remanescente de Cerrado na UFSCar – campus São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Silva, Melissa Freitas da
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Fieker, Carolline Zatta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453761595730340
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Carmignotto, Ana Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315
Recently, discussions about the future of environmental conservation have received greater attention. Still, it is shocking to observe that, even though the increase of information currently available, biodiversity continues to suffer frequent anxieties. The Cerrado is considered one of the most impacted domains due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and the concern with the effects of human disturbances on biological communities is even more urgent for medium and large mammals, which need larger areas for their survival. Observing the movement and behavior of species in situ and comparing these data to the history of land use in the region, we can provide a consistent basis for planning future management actions that aim at the effective conservation of native vegetation remnants. The objective of this work was to inventory mammalian fauna found in the Cerrado remnant located at the UFSCar, Campus São Carlos, to discuss the use of this taxonomic group as a tool for conservation of this area, and to carry out scientific dissemination of the results here found. The use of camera traps and linear transects were chosen as the main survey methodology, in addition to the comparison with previous data available from literature for the studied and adjacent regions. Nine camera traps were evenly distributed in three phytophysiognomies: three in the “cerrado sensu stricto”, three in the “mata de galeria”, and three at an Eucalipto plantation. In this study, 30 species of medium and large mammals were recorded, including species poorly known or at some threaten category such as: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Sylvilagus minensis Chrysocyon brachyurus, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor, Mazama rufa and Dicotyles tajacu. M. tridactyla, Cabassous sp., Dasypus septemcinctus, P. concolor and L. pardalis, are new records for the area. Domestic animals and exotic invaders were also recorded, like “java-porcos”, highlighting the need to preserve the native species. The great diversity of mammals sampled in this work is the proof of the resilience of the Cerrado, in the sense that it can maintain viable populations of native species in the region, and serves as support for future projects to obtain higher legislative protection for this area and other native Cerrado vegetation remnants. A guidebook was developed for scientific dissemination of the data here obtained, and is available for public use.
A ordem: tempo analítico, homicídios e PCC no Triângulo Mineiro (1990-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Marques, Thalia
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026361290425859
Homicide rates have varied widely in Brazil, in time and space, over the past four decades (1990-2020). From the standpoint of their aggregate levels, these rates rise consistently until 2017 and then fall. Detained observations in individual states and regions, however, show rapid upward and downward variations on the same dates. This dissertation proposes an interpretation of this phenomenon. Studying the Triângulo Mineiro, I propose the idea of "analytical time" of factional expansion, the time of passage from one order of regulation of lethal violence to another, to understand these variations. To accomplish this, I present a multi-methodological study, because it deals with a complex, relational, and multi-causal phenomenon, as are homicides. It is quantitative concerning the compilation, production, and analysis of homicide rates, and qualitative in understanding the mechanisms involved in homicide cases, in three cities of the region: Uberlândia, Uberaba, and Cidade da Saúde. This methodological and analytical framework could, as hypothesized here, be used to think about homicide variations in a relational way, in the national context.
Fracionamento de lignina proveniente do processo kraft para obtenção de frações com diferentes massas molares e aplicação em materiais funcionais: espumas de carbono.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Rodrigues, Jéssica de Souza
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4368023496052703
This thesis has three main objectives: (i) To describe an efficient fractionation method for Kraft lignin (KL) to extract large amounts of low molecular weight lignin, which indicates the presence of a higher content of phenolic hydroxyl groups; (ii) Select KL fractions as a partial substitute for phenol in the synthesis of phenolic resins and correlate their structure-property; (iii) To describe an efficient route for the synthesis of carbon foams (CF) derived from KL fractions by thermal decomposition of a polyurethane (PU) sacrificial mold. The KL from Eucalyptus urograndis wood was refined by the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractionation process. The lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins were formulated replacing 25 and 50% of the phenol by fractionated lignin. The lignin used were KL, fraction of KL insoluble in EtOAc (LFIns) and fraction of KL soluble in EtOAc (LFSol). LFSol and LFIns fractions were analyzed for composition, functional group content and thermal properties. The structure-property correlation of the CF produced by the partial replacement of phenol by KL, and its fractions (LFSol and LFIns) was also analyzed. For this, the CF produced were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and electrochemical measurements. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) results indicated that lower molecular weight lignin fractions (LFSol) showed greater solubility in EtOAc. The total hydroxyl group content (by 31P NMR) of the LFSol fraction increased to 4.73 mmol.g-1 after fractionation. The phenolic resin based on LFSol-derived monomers showed adhesion resistance, glass transition temperature and thermal stability with values close to commercial phenolic resins. The better homogeneity of the LPF resin produced from LFSol, with 25% phenol replacement, resulted in adhesion properties similar to the control resin (2.58±0.13 and 2.38±0.23 MPa for the samples control and LFSol, respectively). On the other hand, FLSol can directly replace 15% of the commercial FF resin (corresponding to >30% phenol replacement) showing similar adhesive performance (4.71±0.22 and 4.56±0.43 MPa for the control and LFSol samples, respectively) compared to the commercial control and significantly superior to LFIns (3.38±0.20 MPa) and KL (3.59±0.23 MPa). The results indicated that the foam synthesized with LFSol had very similar properties to the control resin with 100% phenol. The potential of LFSol for application as an electrochemical sensor was also demonstrated, with good selectivity for the detection of hydroquinone in water.
Estudo da leitura do sinal de runout utilizando sensores do tipo eddy current em eixos de aço revestidos pelo processo de laser cladding
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Júnior, Fábio Tommasini de Carvalho
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Paziani, Fabricio Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204448761802712
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Franco, Vitor Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4590258470207467
The continuous vibration monitoring in rotary machines is a common practice at the automation engineering and predictive maintenance fields. Specially for gearboxes speed increasers and reducers, the radial and axial vibration of the rotary shafts is measured by vibration system analysis sets that use eddy current (EC) sensors for data collecting of relative displacement. When using proximity sensors, the surface conditions of the measured part directly influence the collected signal. In order to increase the reliability of the measurement, geometrical deviations in the runout track must be known. Therefore, the runout test is a crucial step in rotary sets manufacturing processes to ensure the integrity of these regions. The output results with EC sensors test is the Total Indicated Runout (TIR), which is a composition of geometric deviations of the surface (mechanical runout) and a noise in the collected signal known as electrical runout (ERO) that arises due to oscillations in the electrical and metallurgical properties of the target material, and this disturbances in signal are captured as variations in the distance betwen sensor and object. This test is widely practiced in industry for shafts manufactured from forged steel parts. Due to most diverse manufacturing deviations of these shafts, there are situations in which it is possible to carry out a process of adding material for dimensional recovery by addictive manufacturing (AM). One option is the material deposition technology through laser cladding process (LC). However, not much is known about how material properties of these coated layers applied over shafts influence the reading of EC sensors. This work explores the readings captured by an EC sensor during TIR tests on two rotating shafts made of steel alloys 18CrNiMo7-6 and 42CrMo4, each one of them coated with two metallic powder alloys - HGMET and X-402 - deposited by LC process. Considering the defects of the clads inherent to the coating process and the alterations caused in the microstructure of the substrate, it was concluded under the pre-established conditions and through the presented results that the ERO signal behaves randomly and presents values from 150 up to 400% above the values recorded on the uncoated substrate material. In practical terms for the industry, also considering the costs of the process for recovering shaft collars, the study does not recommend the use of this solution neither over vibration reading tracks nor their surroundings.
Investigação sobre o potencial da instrumentação de baixo custo na digitalização de máquinas-ferramenta antigas e seu impacto na rugosidade superficial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Durigan, Paulo de Tarso
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Barbosa, Gustavo Franco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027686840017498
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
Intelligent manufacturing involves the convergence of Industry 4.0 technologies dedicated to modernizing production systems, which require active and real-time management to maximize their processes. In this sense, the integration of new technologies for monitoring manufacturing processes is becoming increasingly urgent to ensure competitiveness. However, many companies have outdated structures in which old and outdated machine tools that do not offer communication or data transmission represent a significant portion of the equipment in operation. The main reasons for this reality are the lack of financial resources for updating the manufacturing park and the lack of strategic vision for the business. Within this context, this study proposes an investigation into the impact of digitizing legacy machine tools on productivity and the potential for improving surface quality through low-cost instrumentation. For the development of this work, low-cost sensors and hardware were installed on a universal lathe for continuous and real-time monitoring of the turning process. Instrumentation based on the IoT (Internet of Things) concept allowed for data collection and exchange with a cloud-based analysis system via a Wi-Fi connection. A rapid prototyping board was used to collect sensor data and transmit it to the cloud platform, allowing for the creation of a history and real-time monitoring of the process. The results confirm the influence of cutting speed and feed rate on surface finish, as described in the literature. The instrumentation used showed good results in monitoring rotation and feed rate. The difference between the rotations (measured by the sensor and the configuration) was less than 4.38%, while the differences in feed rate did not exceed 6.33%. The results of vibration parameters were not as evident due to the low amplitudes presented in the analyzed spectrum. The main reason is associated with the low sensitivity of the accelerometer associated with the use of new cutting edges in each experiment, which reduces the vibration levels of the process. Despite the low amplitudes, it was possible to establish the influence of the RMS values on surface roughness. It is expected that this study will contribute to recent research on manufacturing process monitoring and enable a solid analysis of the benefits of real-time monitoring of machining on universal mechanical lathes.
Agrupamento em conjunto de dados com múltiplos atributos via redução de dimensionalidade e detecção de comunidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Modesto, Júlia Almeida
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Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830
This work falls within the field of Machine Learning and focuses on the challenge of Clustering in datasets with multiple variables. Addressing the issue of the Curse of Dimensionality, a common difficulty in high-dimensional data, the study focuses on Dimensionality Reduction and Community Detection techniques. The Curse of Dimensionality refers to the deterioration of the performance of certain learning algorithms as the dimensionality of the data increases. Few studies address the implications of graph-based clustering in this scenario, highlighting the need to investigate how clustering techniques can be adapted to effectively deal with high-dimensional datasets. Through the application of Community Detection Algorithms in conjunction with Graph Construction, the study aims to explore efficient methods for handling large volumes of data. The experiments conducted showed that, in datasets with a large number of samples, the use of Dimensionality Reduction techniques, in particular, resulted in superior performance in identifying significant clusters. This result emphasizes the importance of Dimensionality Reduction as a crucial tool for overcoming the challenges posed by the Curse of Dimensionality in Machine Learning environments. This work can assist future investigations and practical applications in complex and multidimensional data analysis.
Gestão do cuidado de enfermagem em pediatria: desenvolvimento e avaliação de protótipo de aplicativo baseado na filosofia Lean Healthcare
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Cicogna, Elizelaine de Chico
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Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0486229069767297
Understood as a great encouragement to the quality of life of the population, the evaluation of the quality of the health service has been highlighted among the themes of global importance. Essential for the success of health management, knowledge of the service supports the decision-making process, and this can be obtained through indicators. Continuous measurement leads to the development of indicators that allow evaluating the performance of health services. From the observation of the processes based on activities that reflect the quality of the service, the manager optimizes his resources and increases the efficiency and quality of the service. Having Lean Healthcare and its principles and values as a theoretical framework, the objective of this thesis was to develop and evaluate an application model based on Lean Healthcare principles for the management of nursing care in a pediatric hospital unit. Developed from the Power Apps® platform for mobile devices and considering the particularities of the pediatric unit under study, the prototype application called Cronoanálise & Indicadores da Assistência (C&IA) allowed professionals to online record the activities and times of nursing care. From a Power BI® panel, the assistance information will allow monitoring of all occurrences in the unit, thus allowing the manager to have privileges to intervene just-in-time. Data collection and evaluation in the pediatric unit were carried out between the period of Nov/23/2022 thru Dec/05/2022 with 18 nursing professionals. In its results made available in Power BI®, information was transmitted about the care dynamics, indicators, processes, and workload considering the context, the team, and the assisted client. After using the application in the pediatric unit, between Dec/05/2022 and Dec/30/2022, the C&IA went through other expectations planned in the usability instruments (System Usability Scale - SUS), quality (Software Quality) and recommendation (Net Promoter System – NPS). All estimates made by 11 managers of pediatric health services and nursing professionals at the pediatric unit ended with approval rates among the evaluators, with the C&IA being recommended by the managers. The use of information technology has shown that it can contribute to the advancement of knowledge and an automated system can direct nursing practice towards actions directly to the patient. In this way, investing and promoting a team after knowing its skills and needs, considering the context and the public to which this assistance is provided, is to guarantee efficiency to the main actions of the team and, consequently, seek, in continuous improvement, guarantees for the quality of care of nursing.
A relação entre as pedagogias de Célestin Freinet e Adolphe Ferrière: um estado do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Neto, Ari Teixeira Almeida
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4415086378116518
This dissertation aims to map Brazilian research that relates Freinet and Ferrière educators in the period from 2017 to 2021. For this, a State of Knowledge research was carried out. In the survey, 258 published works were located, being 24 theses, 51 dissertations, 9 graduation monographs, 1 specialization monograph and 173 articles. After a refinement of these works, and a qualitative analysis, we had as a result, the synthesis of the views of the authors of the mapped studies as follows: For 15 works, which corresponds to 60% of the total, the pedagogies of Freinet and Ferrière are related to the fact that both are linked to the New School Movement. In 5 works, which corresponds to 20% of the total, the relationship between the educators' pedagogies is that Ferrière's Active pedagogy served as a reference for the development of Freinet's pedagogy. In the view of 3 works, which corresponds to 12% of the total, the relationship between the authors' pedagogies is that the two influenced the emergence and consolidation of the Reggian Approach to early childhood education. And for 2 works, which corresponds to 8% of the total, the pedagogies are related in the sense of defending the same practices, which are: project pedagogy and the importance of promoting outdoor education, in contact with nature. In the end, this mapping is expected to motivate further research on the subject, emphasizing the importance of studying in depth the relationship between the pedagogy of these two authors, and also the importance of studies focused on the pedagogy of Adolphe Ferrière, as it is perceived during the research, the low amount of research focused specifically on the pedagogy of this author.
Trajetorias: um conjunto de dados ambientais, epidemiológicos e indicadores econômicos para a Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Rorato, Ana Claudia
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Dal'Asta, Ana Paula
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Lana, Raquel Martins
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Santos, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos
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Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral
The Trajetorias dataset is a harmonized set of environmental, epidemiological, and poverty indicators for all municipalities of the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). This dataset is the result of a scientific synthesis research initiative conducted by scientists from several natural and social sciences fields, consolidating multidisciplinary indicators into a coherent dataset for integrated and interdisciplinary studies of the Brazilian Amazon. The dataset allows the investigation of the association between the Amazonian agrarian systems and their impacts on environmental and epidemiological changes, furthermore enhancing the possibilities for understanding, in a more integrated and consistent way, the scenarios that affect the Amazonian biome and its inhabitants.
Terceira idade, redes sociais digitais e política: o papel das redes sociais digitais na decisão política da terceira idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Brassoloto, Matheus Palumbo
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Iasulaitis, Sylvia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003
In this study we investigated the impact of virtual social networks, such as Facebook and WhatsApp, on the elderly and how this influences their political perspectives. Seniors are a significant part of the population, and they often face challenges when using these platforms due to unfamiliarity with technology and other barriers. Our objectives included a comprehensive review of the literature on technology, seniors, politics and social media, identifying the obstacles that older people face on social media and analyzing usage patterns, types of interactions and shared content. We explore how older people apply the heuristic model when accessing political information on social media and evaluate the impact of this information on their political perspectives, as well as the effect of fake news and misinformation. We used a comprehensive methodology, combining theoretical review with a questionnaire applied to 64 elderly people. The results revealed that the third Age is quickly adapting to digital technology, with internet and cell phone access widespread. Both WhatsApp and Facebook play essential roles in their lives, being used for social connections and obtaining information. Platforms such as WhatsApp exert significant influence on the political decisions of older people, with family groups playing a crucial role in disseminating political information. We conclude that the relationship between the elderly, virtual social networks and politics is evident and evolving, and we must face challenges related to the dissemination of unverified information and promote digital literacy are crucial to ensure informed and inclusive political participation of those elderly people in the digital age. We recommend future studies to deepen our understanding of these ever-evolving dynamics.
Evolução e morfologia comparativa dos pés em aranhas Mygalomorphae e raptoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Caetano, Carolina de Almeida
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Labarque, Facundo Martín
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7227934929457482
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Fusari, Lívia Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4951378712238107
Spiders are among the most diverse animals on the planet and have developed different morphological and behavioral characteristics for capturing prey. Recently, it has been suggested that the microstructures of spiders' feet could reflect their way of capturing prey. Mygalomorphae composes one of the first clades of spiders to branch, with more than 3000 known species, with the microstructures of the feet little studied, but with well-defined and diverse hunting behaviors. Another group of spiders little studied regarding foot morphology and hunting behavior are those with raptorial foot configuration. We studied the anatomy and functionality of Mygalomorphae and raptorial spider feet using 3D reconstruction modeling, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Evolutionary reconstruction of Mygalomorphae foot features using a composite tree of spiders indicated (1) that they exhibit two character states for the metatarsal-tarsal joint, (2) a putative evolutionary novelty with two pairs of foot sensilla in two rows, (3) another possible synapomorphy in Theraphosoidina is the morphology of the subungual tufted plates that are partially separated from the tarsus by a dorsal suture. In the case of spiders with raptorial feet, evolutionary reconstruction of their features indicated that similar traits arose three times independently in Trogloraptoridae, Gradungulinae, and Doryonychus raptor (Tetragnathidae). The defining features of the raptorial feet are (1) a complex formed by the base of the elongated prolateral superior claw connected with the sclerotized ring of the pretarsus, with (2) the first pressing against the tarsus. This complex can even flex over (3) stout raptorial macrobristles forming a scaled-down version of a trapping basket on the tarsus to capture prey during hunting. Furthermore, our results show that taxa previously compared with raptorial spiders, Celaeniini (Araneidae) and Heterogriffus berlandi (Thomisidae), have other configurations of spider feet, lack the characteristics that distinguish raptorial feet, and lack the tarsal trapping basket. We also make predictions about the possible behavior of the aforementioned taxa that will need to be tested through observation of live specimens. We conclude that multiple tarsal morphological microstructures are required to define any spider foot and recommend a comprehensive assessment before asserting a foot configuration for any spider taxon.