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Importância da mastofauna como ferramenta para conservação: estudo de caso do remanescente de Cerrado na UFSCar – campus São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Silva, Melissa Freitas da
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Fieker, Carolline Zatta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453761595730340
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Carmignotto, Ana Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315
Recently, discussions about the future of environmental conservation have received greater attention. Still, it is shocking to observe that, even though the increase of information currently available, biodiversity continues to suffer frequent anxieties. The Cerrado is considered one of the most impacted domains due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and the concern with the effects of human disturbances on biological communities is even more urgent for medium and large mammals, which need larger areas for their survival. Observing the movement and behavior of species in situ and comparing these data to the history of land use in the region, we can provide a consistent basis for planning future management actions that aim at the effective conservation of native vegetation remnants. The objective of this work was to inventory mammalian fauna found in the Cerrado remnant located at the UFSCar, Campus São Carlos, to discuss the use of this taxonomic group as a tool for conservation of this area, and to carry out scientific dissemination of the results here found. The use of camera traps and linear transects were chosen as the main survey methodology, in addition to the comparison with previous data available from literature for the studied and adjacent regions. Nine camera traps were evenly distributed in three phytophysiognomies: three in the “cerrado sensu stricto”, three in the “mata de galeria”, and three at an Eucalipto plantation. In this study, 30 species of medium and large mammals were recorded, including species poorly known or at some threaten category such as: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Sylvilagus minensis Chrysocyon brachyurus, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor, Mazama rufa and Dicotyles tajacu. M. tridactyla, Cabassous sp., Dasypus septemcinctus, P. concolor and L. pardalis, are new records for the area. Domestic animals and exotic invaders were also recorded, like “java-porcos”, highlighting the need to preserve the native species. The great diversity of mammals sampled in this work is the proof of the resilience of the Cerrado, in the sense that it can maintain viable populations of native species in the region, and serves as support for future projects to obtain higher legislative protection for this area and other native Cerrado vegetation remnants. A guidebook was developed for scientific dissemination of the data here obtained, and is available for public use.
A ordem: tempo analítico, homicídios e PCC no Triângulo Mineiro (1990-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Marques, Thalia
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Feltran, Gabriel de Santis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789864439048444
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026361290425859
Homicide rates have varied widely in Brazil, in time and space, over the past four decades (1990-2020). From the standpoint of their aggregate levels, these rates rise consistently until 2017 and then fall. Detained observations in individual states and regions, however, show rapid upward and downward variations on the same dates. This dissertation proposes an interpretation of this phenomenon. Studying the Triângulo Mineiro, I propose the idea of "analytical time" of factional expansion, the time of passage from one order of regulation of lethal violence to another, to understand these variations. To accomplish this, I present a multi-methodological study, because it deals with a complex, relational, and multi-causal phenomenon, as are homicides. It is quantitative concerning the compilation, production, and analysis of homicide rates, and qualitative in understanding the mechanisms involved in homicide cases, in three cities of the region: Uberlândia, Uberaba, and Cidade da Saúde. This methodological and analytical framework could, as hypothesized here, be used to think about homicide variations in a relational way, in the national context.
Fracionamento de lignina proveniente do processo kraft para obtenção de frações com diferentes massas molares e aplicação em materiais funcionais: espumas de carbono.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Rodrigues, Jéssica de Souza
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4368023496052703
This thesis has three main objectives: (i) To describe an efficient fractionation method for Kraft lignin (KL) to extract large amounts of low molecular weight lignin, which indicates the presence of a higher content of phenolic hydroxyl groups; (ii) Select KL fractions as a partial substitute for phenol in the synthesis of phenolic resins and correlate their structure-property; (iii) To describe an efficient route for the synthesis of carbon foams (CF) derived from KL fractions by thermal decomposition of a polyurethane (PU) sacrificial mold. The KL from Eucalyptus urograndis wood was refined by the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractionation process. The lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins were formulated replacing 25 and 50% of the phenol by fractionated lignin. The lignin used were KL, fraction of KL insoluble in EtOAc (LFIns) and fraction of KL soluble in EtOAc (LFSol). LFSol and LFIns fractions were analyzed for composition, functional group content and thermal properties. The structure-property correlation of the CF produced by the partial replacement of phenol by KL, and its fractions (LFSol and LFIns) was also analyzed. For this, the CF produced were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and electrochemical measurements. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) results indicated that lower molecular weight lignin fractions (LFSol) showed greater solubility in EtOAc. The total hydroxyl group content (by 31P NMR) of the LFSol fraction increased to 4.73 mmol.g-1 after fractionation. The phenolic resin based on LFSol-derived monomers showed adhesion resistance, glass transition temperature and thermal stability with values close to commercial phenolic resins. The better homogeneity of the LPF resin produced from LFSol, with 25% phenol replacement, resulted in adhesion properties similar to the control resin (2.58±0.13 and 2.38±0.23 MPa for the samples control and LFSol, respectively). On the other hand, FLSol can directly replace 15% of the commercial FF resin (corresponding to >30% phenol replacement) showing similar adhesive performance (4.71±0.22 and 4.56±0.43 MPa for the control and LFSol samples, respectively) compared to the commercial control and significantly superior to LFIns (3.38±0.20 MPa) and KL (3.59±0.23 MPa). The results indicated that the foam synthesized with LFSol had very similar properties to the control resin with 100% phenol. The potential of LFSol for application as an electrochemical sensor was also demonstrated, with good selectivity for the detection of hydroquinone in water.
Estudo da leitura do sinal de runout utilizando sensores do tipo eddy current em eixos de aço revestidos pelo processo de laser cladding
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Júnior, Fábio Tommasini de Carvalho
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Paziani, Fabricio Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204448761802712
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Franco, Vitor Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4590258470207467
The continuous vibration monitoring in rotary machines is a common practice at the automation engineering and predictive maintenance fields. Specially for gearboxes speed increasers and reducers, the radial and axial vibration of the rotary shafts is measured by vibration system analysis sets that use eddy current (EC) sensors for data collecting of relative displacement. When using proximity sensors, the surface conditions of the measured part directly influence the collected signal. In order to increase the reliability of the measurement, geometrical deviations in the runout track must be known. Therefore, the runout test is a crucial step in rotary sets manufacturing processes to ensure the integrity of these regions. The output results with EC sensors test is the Total Indicated Runout (TIR), which is a composition of geometric deviations of the surface (mechanical runout) and a noise in the collected signal known as electrical runout (ERO) that arises due to oscillations in the electrical and metallurgical properties of the target material, and this disturbances in signal are captured as variations in the distance betwen sensor and object. This test is widely practiced in industry for shafts manufactured from forged steel parts. Due to most diverse manufacturing deviations of these shafts, there are situations in which it is possible to carry out a process of adding material for dimensional recovery by addictive manufacturing (AM). One option is the material deposition technology through laser cladding process (LC). However, not much is known about how material properties of these coated layers applied over shafts influence the reading of EC sensors. This work explores the readings captured by an EC sensor during TIR tests on two rotating shafts made of steel alloys 18CrNiMo7-6 and 42CrMo4, each one of them coated with two metallic powder alloys - HGMET and X-402 - deposited by LC process. Considering the defects of the clads inherent to the coating process and the alterations caused in the microstructure of the substrate, it was concluded under the pre-established conditions and through the presented results that the ERO signal behaves randomly and presents values from 150 up to 400% above the values recorded on the uncoated substrate material. In practical terms for the industry, also considering the costs of the process for recovering shaft collars, the study does not recommend the use of this solution neither over vibration reading tracks nor their surroundings.
Investigação sobre o potencial da instrumentação de baixo custo na digitalização de máquinas-ferramenta antigas e seu impacto na rugosidade superficial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Durigan, Paulo de Tarso
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Barbosa, Gustavo Franco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027686840017498
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
Intelligent manufacturing involves the convergence of Industry 4.0 technologies dedicated to modernizing production systems, which require active and real-time management to maximize their processes. In this sense, the integration of new technologies for monitoring manufacturing processes is becoming increasingly urgent to ensure competitiveness. However, many companies have outdated structures in which old and outdated machine tools that do not offer communication or data transmission represent a significant portion of the equipment in operation. The main reasons for this reality are the lack of financial resources for updating the manufacturing park and the lack of strategic vision for the business. Within this context, this study proposes an investigation into the impact of digitizing legacy machine tools on productivity and the potential for improving surface quality through low-cost instrumentation. For the development of this work, low-cost sensors and hardware were installed on a universal lathe for continuous and real-time monitoring of the turning process. Instrumentation based on the IoT (Internet of Things) concept allowed for data collection and exchange with a cloud-based analysis system via a Wi-Fi connection. A rapid prototyping board was used to collect sensor data and transmit it to the cloud platform, allowing for the creation of a history and real-time monitoring of the process. The results confirm the influence of cutting speed and feed rate on surface finish, as described in the literature. The instrumentation used showed good results in monitoring rotation and feed rate. The difference between the rotations (measured by the sensor and the configuration) was less than 4.38%, while the differences in feed rate did not exceed 6.33%. The results of vibration parameters were not as evident due to the low amplitudes presented in the analyzed spectrum. The main reason is associated with the low sensitivity of the accelerometer associated with the use of new cutting edges in each experiment, which reduces the vibration levels of the process. Despite the low amplitudes, it was possible to establish the influence of the RMS values on surface roughness. It is expected that this study will contribute to recent research on manufacturing process monitoring and enable a solid analysis of the benefits of real-time monitoring of machining on universal mechanical lathes.
Agrupamento em conjunto de dados com múltiplos atributos via redução de dimensionalidade e detecção de comunidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-01)
Modesto, Júlia Almeida
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Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830
This work falls within the field of Machine Learning and focuses on the challenge of Clustering in datasets with multiple variables. Addressing the issue of the Curse of Dimensionality, a common difficulty in high-dimensional data, the study focuses on Dimensionality Reduction and Community Detection techniques. The Curse of Dimensionality refers to the deterioration of the performance of certain learning algorithms as the dimensionality of the data increases. Few studies address the implications of graph-based clustering in this scenario, highlighting the need to investigate how clustering techniques can be adapted to effectively deal with high-dimensional datasets. Through the application of Community Detection Algorithms in conjunction with Graph Construction, the study aims to explore efficient methods for handling large volumes of data. The experiments conducted showed that, in datasets with a large number of samples, the use of Dimensionality Reduction techniques, in particular, resulted in superior performance in identifying significant clusters. This result emphasizes the importance of Dimensionality Reduction as a crucial tool for overcoming the challenges posed by the Curse of Dimensionality in Machine Learning environments. This work can assist future investigations and practical applications in complex and multidimensional data analysis.
Gestão do cuidado de enfermagem em pediatria: desenvolvimento e avaliação de protótipo de aplicativo baseado na filosofia Lean Healthcare
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Cicogna, Elizelaine de Chico
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Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0486229069767297
Understood as a great encouragement to the quality of life of the population, the evaluation of the quality of the health service has been highlighted among the themes of global importance. Essential for the success of health management, knowledge of the service supports the decision-making process, and this can be obtained through indicators. Continuous measurement leads to the development of indicators that allow evaluating the performance of health services. From the observation of the processes based on activities that reflect the quality of the service, the manager optimizes his resources and increases the efficiency and quality of the service. Having Lean Healthcare and its principles and values as a theoretical framework, the objective of this thesis was to develop and evaluate an application model based on Lean Healthcare principles for the management of nursing care in a pediatric hospital unit. Developed from the Power Apps® platform for mobile devices and considering the particularities of the pediatric unit under study, the prototype application called Cronoanálise & Indicadores da Assistência (C&IA) allowed professionals to online record the activities and times of nursing care. From a Power BI® panel, the assistance information will allow monitoring of all occurrences in the unit, thus allowing the manager to have privileges to intervene just-in-time. Data collection and evaluation in the pediatric unit were carried out between the period of Nov/23/2022 thru Dec/05/2022 with 18 nursing professionals. In its results made available in Power BI®, information was transmitted about the care dynamics, indicators, processes, and workload considering the context, the team, and the assisted client. After using the application in the pediatric unit, between Dec/05/2022 and Dec/30/2022, the C&IA went through other expectations planned in the usability instruments (System Usability Scale - SUS), quality (Software Quality) and recommendation (Net Promoter System – NPS). All estimates made by 11 managers of pediatric health services and nursing professionals at the pediatric unit ended with approval rates among the evaluators, with the C&IA being recommended by the managers. The use of information technology has shown that it can contribute to the advancement of knowledge and an automated system can direct nursing practice towards actions directly to the patient. In this way, investing and promoting a team after knowing its skills and needs, considering the context and the public to which this assistance is provided, is to guarantee efficiency to the main actions of the team and, consequently, seek, in continuous improvement, guarantees for the quality of care of nursing.
A relação entre as pedagogias de Célestin Freinet e Adolphe Ferrière: um estado do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Neto, Ari Teixeira Almeida
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Fortunato, Ivan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293044394759438
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4415086378116518
This dissertation aims to map Brazilian research that relates Freinet and Ferrière educators in the period from 2017 to 2021. For this, a State of Knowledge research was carried out. In the survey, 258 published works were located, being 24 theses, 51 dissertations, 9 graduation monographs, 1 specialization monograph and 173 articles. After a refinement of these works, and a qualitative analysis, we had as a result, the synthesis of the views of the authors of the mapped studies as follows: For 15 works, which corresponds to 60% of the total, the pedagogies of Freinet and Ferrière are related to the fact that both are linked to the New School Movement. In 5 works, which corresponds to 20% of the total, the relationship between the educators' pedagogies is that Ferrière's Active pedagogy served as a reference for the development of Freinet's pedagogy. In the view of 3 works, which corresponds to 12% of the total, the relationship between the authors' pedagogies is that the two influenced the emergence and consolidation of the Reggian Approach to early childhood education. And for 2 works, which corresponds to 8% of the total, the pedagogies are related in the sense of defending the same practices, which are: project pedagogy and the importance of promoting outdoor education, in contact with nature. In the end, this mapping is expected to motivate further research on the subject, emphasizing the importance of studying in depth the relationship between the pedagogy of these two authors, and also the importance of studies focused on the pedagogy of Adolphe Ferrière, as it is perceived during the research, the low amount of research focused specifically on the pedagogy of this author.
Trajetorias: um conjunto de dados ambientais, epidemiológicos e indicadores econômicos para a Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Rorato, Ana Claudia
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Dal'Asta, Ana Paula
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Lana, Raquel Martins
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Santos, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos
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Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral
The Trajetorias dataset is a harmonized set of environmental, epidemiological, and poverty indicators for all municipalities of the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA). This dataset is the result of a scientific synthesis research initiative conducted by scientists from several natural and social sciences fields, consolidating multidisciplinary indicators into a coherent dataset for integrated and interdisciplinary studies of the Brazilian Amazon. The dataset allows the investigation of the association between the Amazonian agrarian systems and their impacts on environmental and epidemiological changes, furthermore enhancing the possibilities for understanding, in a more integrated and consistent way, the scenarios that affect the Amazonian biome and its inhabitants.
Terceira idade, redes sociais digitais e política: o papel das redes sociais digitais na decisão política da terceira idade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Brassoloto, Matheus Palumbo
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Iasulaitis, Sylvia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4226275371443693
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3526-1003
In this study we investigated the impact of virtual social networks, such as Facebook and WhatsApp, on the elderly and how this influences their political perspectives. Seniors are a significant part of the population, and they often face challenges when using these platforms due to unfamiliarity with technology and other barriers. Our objectives included a comprehensive review of the literature on technology, seniors, politics and social media, identifying the obstacles that older people face on social media and analyzing usage patterns, types of interactions and shared content. We explore how older people apply the heuristic model when accessing political information on social media and evaluate the impact of this information on their political perspectives, as well as the effect of fake news and misinformation. We used a comprehensive methodology, combining theoretical review with a questionnaire applied to 64 elderly people. The results revealed that the third Age is quickly adapting to digital technology, with internet and cell phone access widespread. Both WhatsApp and Facebook play essential roles in their lives, being used for social connections and obtaining information. Platforms such as WhatsApp exert significant influence on the political decisions of older people, with family groups playing a crucial role in disseminating political information. We conclude that the relationship between the elderly, virtual social networks and politics is evident and evolving, and we must face challenges related to the dissemination of unverified information and promote digital literacy are crucial to ensure informed and inclusive political participation of those elderly people in the digital age. We recommend future studies to deepen our understanding of these ever-evolving dynamics.
Evolução e morfologia comparativa dos pés em aranhas Mygalomorphae e raptoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Caetano, Carolina de Almeida
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Labarque, Facundo Martín
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7227934929457482
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Fusari, Lívia Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4951378712238107
Spiders are among the most diverse animals on the planet and have developed different morphological and behavioral characteristics for capturing prey. Recently, it has been suggested that the microstructures of spiders' feet could reflect their way of capturing prey. Mygalomorphae composes one of the first clades of spiders to branch, with more than 3000 known species, with the microstructures of the feet little studied, but with well-defined and diverse hunting behaviors. Another group of spiders little studied regarding foot morphology and hunting behavior are those with raptorial foot configuration. We studied the anatomy and functionality of Mygalomorphae and raptorial spider feet using 3D reconstruction modeling, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Evolutionary reconstruction of Mygalomorphae foot features using a composite tree of spiders indicated (1) that they exhibit two character states for the metatarsal-tarsal joint, (2) a putative evolutionary novelty with two pairs of foot sensilla in two rows, (3) another possible synapomorphy in Theraphosoidina is the morphology of the subungual tufted plates that are partially separated from the tarsus by a dorsal suture. In the case of spiders with raptorial feet, evolutionary reconstruction of their features indicated that similar traits arose three times independently in Trogloraptoridae, Gradungulinae, and Doryonychus raptor (Tetragnathidae). The defining features of the raptorial feet are (1) a complex formed by the base of the elongated prolateral superior claw connected with the sclerotized ring of the pretarsus, with (2) the first pressing against the tarsus. This complex can even flex over (3) stout raptorial macrobristles forming a scaled-down version of a trapping basket on the tarsus to capture prey during hunting. Furthermore, our results show that taxa previously compared with raptorial spiders, Celaeniini (Araneidae) and Heterogriffus berlandi (Thomisidae), have other configurations of spider feet, lack the characteristics that distinguish raptorial feet, and lack the tarsal trapping basket. We also make predictions about the possible behavior of the aforementioned taxa that will need to be tested through observation of live specimens. We conclude that multiple tarsal morphological microstructures are required to define any spider foot and recommend a comprehensive assessment before asserting a foot configuration for any spider taxon.
Caracterização parcial e imobilização covalente da Neutrase® comercial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Manzolli, Bruna Luiza de Jesus
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Novo-Mansur, Maria Teresa Marques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198926223396748
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Monti, Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5962867835836749
The use of enzymes as agents for modifying the functional properties of proteins has been widespread, mainly in the food industry. One of the most studied groups for this purpose are the proteases. Proteases are responsible for breaking peptide bonds between amino acids in proteins, producing smaller peptides and functional free amino acids. The use of the Neutrase® enzyme is explained by the fact that it is a protease that hydrolyses whey proteins, a highly polluting by-product and, most of the time, discarded in the dairy industries, aiming at obtaining derivatives with better functional properties. The general objective of this work was to partially characterize the crude extract of commercial Neutrase® derived from a Bacillus sp. The results obtained showed in the first enzymatic assay of free neutrase, its activity, determined through spectrophotometric analysis, was 27.9 U/mL. The total protein dosage found in the assay resulted in a value of 0.94 mg/mL. At the optimal activity temperature, 55 °C, the protease remained stable for a few hours. In addition, with the use of metallic ions, a characteristic of the existence of metalloproteases in the extract was observed. Regarding covalent immobilization, two supports were tested and the activity values of the Neutrase-Glyoxyl-Cob Corn (NGSM) and Neutrase Glyoxyl-Agarose (NGA) derivatives were 1.04 U/g and 1.15U/g, respectively. In addition to immobilization yields below expectations, unsatisfactory values for the methodology used. Despite this, future studies with other types of immobilization and functionalization of the support may favor the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme, a fact that still makes it a possible potential for new industrial applications.
O barro espirra, respira e inspira: reflexões sobre o trabalho feminino na arte cerâmica de Icoaraci, Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Souza, Marzane Pinto de
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4907657782530380
Dans cette recherche intitulée L'argile éternue, respire et inspire: réflexions sur le travail féminin dans l'art céramique d’Icoaraci, Belém, Pará, je cherche, à partir des notions de genre, de mémoire et d'identité, à comprendre la dynamique du travail féminin effectué par les hommes et les femmes dans les ateliers de poterie classées en Famille, Famille-Entrepreneur et Micro-entreprise; et d'analyser les changements survenus dans la production, dans la vie et dans les processus de constitution et de renforcement des identités des hommes et des femmes qui continuent la production de pièces utilitaires, lisses et non peintes; qui produisent et recréent les styles indigènes Marajoara et Tapajônico; qui revendiquent la reconnaissance des céramiques Paracuri ou Icoaraciense; qui créent de nouveaux styles; et qui maintiennent l'art de la céramique comme l'une des principales activités de la culture (im)matérielle dans l'État du Pará. L'orientation théorique et méthodologique de cette recherche est basée sur (I) l'analyse du travail féminin du point de vue des mémoires et des récits de la vie quotidienne des artisanes et des artisans, basée sur Halbwachs (1998), Benjamin (2000), Portelli (2001), entre autres, visant la possibilité de réécrire l'histoire de ce groupe qui maintient l'existence de cette culture (im)matérielle et de montrer les expériences qui (re)créent les savoirs et les pratiques de l'art céramique; (II) s'appuie également sur la perspective des formations identitaires, de Dubar (1997, 2009, 2018), Hall (2001, 2016), entre autres, qui s'identifient et s'identifient par leurs savoirs, par leurs morceaux, par leurs récits de vie ; (III) tout comme il s'appuie sur les rapports de genre qui guident cet univers symbolique de la maison et de l’atelier, de Kofes et Piscitelli (1997), Saffioti (2015), parmi tant d'autres auteurs. Cette recherche socio-anthropologique utilise des observations directes, des entretiens à scénario ouvert, des enregistrements audiovisuels et l'analyse de contenus disponibles sur les réseaux sociaux comme méthodologies et techniques. Les considérations finales indiquent des changements dans la pertinence du travail des femmes et l'inclusion des hommes; montrer que la mémoire des maîtres de l'art céramique (re)crée des savoirs et des pratiques; présenter les significations afro-indigènes légitimées dans les formations identitaires; et exposer les relations de genre qui guident ces dynamiques dans les multiples dimensions sociales de l'univers symbolique de l'art céramique d’Icoaraci.
Resíduos orgânicos naturais e biochars: produção de material com elevada capacidade adsortiva por metais potencialmente tóxicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-02)
Rosa, Luana Maria Tavares
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Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
Waste management and the development of environmentally efficient alternatives are among the most discussed issues today. For a better understanding of the potential of different natural organic residues that do not always have a specific application, this work addresses three main objectives: to carry out a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the distribution of research carried out with a focus on the relationships between the conversion of natural organic residues in biochars and their interaction in the adsorption of potentially toxic metals (PTM); characterize and evaluate the adsorption capacity of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions by different natural organic residues in natura and biochars; use an espresso coffee machine to extract humic substances (HS). The review carried out covered the period from 2002 to 2022 in the Scopus and Google Scholar databases, followed by simulations in VOSviewer. The natural organic residues and biochars were characterized in terms of organic matter, total metals and structurally by spectroscopic techniques in the infrared region by Fourier transform, nuclear magnetic resonance and diffusion ordinate, thermogravimetric analysis, spectrophotometry in the visible ultraviolet region, spectrometry fluorescence, pH, pHzpc, stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy analysis, which were submitted to adsorption tests. The HS extraction using an espresso machine was compared with the fractions obtained by the standard methodology described by the International Society of Humic Substances (IHSS). The results of the review showed that there was a deepening in the studies focused on the properties of biochars from different natural residues, with 35 residues being selected from which the experimental conditions favored the adsorption processes by PTM were verified. The characterization of in natura residues and their biochars made it possible to observe their heterogeneity and structural alterations after pyrolysis, allowing an increase in porosity and surface area that possibly favored the adsorption tests. For Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions, adsorption capacities of 3.8 mg g-1 and 4.5 mg g-1 were achieved in filter cake and eucalyptus sawdust biochars, respectively. The extraction of HS using the coffee machine allowed yields of up to 8.22% for the soluble fractions of HS and 90.90% for the poorly soluble fraction, and 15.57% for the soluble fractions of HS and 59, 01% for the poorly soluble fraction of HS, using the methodology proposed by the IHSS. The results obtained made it possible to highlight the growing progress of research aimed at mitigating the impacts caused by the inadequate disposal of natural organic waste, highlighting the possibilities of each natural organic waste and its biochars in the retention of PTM. Finally, the extractions carried out using an espresso coffee machine proved to be a viable alternative for the fractionation of HS, being able to contribute to its microscale extraction with applicability in studies on a laboratory scale and in didactic applications for teaching the properties of HS.
Mapeamento de aagravos em fauna silvestre urbana no município de São Paulo e cidades vizinhas através de animais recebidos no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Silvestres do Parque Ecológico do Tietê – CRAS-PET
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03)
Petri, Bruno Simões Sergio
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Rassy, Fabricio Braga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5716428943268681
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6441116870891367
With urbanization rates increasing globally, there is an immediate need to understand the type and nature of human-wildlife interactions. The state of São Paulo, located in the southeastern region of Brazil, together with the municipality of São Paulo (state capital) have one of the highest urbanization rates in the country, making this type of encounter (human being X wildlife) inevitable at some point. The wildlife rehabilitation center of Tietê park (CRAS – PET) is located in the east zone of the city of São Paulo and is one of the largest wildlife rehabilitations centers in the country in terms of number of animals received, the data collected there could elucidate in an unprecedented way what happens in the municipality and neighboring cities. Through the institution's electronic database, the causes of admission of 9828 animals were individually evaluated, which occurred between the years 2015 and 2021, from the capital and 12 other municipalities in greater São Paulo, of which 6303 animals belonged to the class AVE, 3148 belonging to the MAMMAL class and 377 to the REPTLIA class, with the city of São Paulo having the highest number of occurrences, with 58.6% of all animals received. After individual assessment of the animals' data, the injuries were classified into 5 major groups: Infectious Diseases, Occasional Capture, Orphanage, Splay leg and Trauma. In the AVE class, trauma was the main injury found, with collision being the most common type of trauma; Orphanage was the most important for MAMMAL and Occasional Capture for REPTILIA. For geocoding the addresses referring to the place where the injury occurred, the Geopy open source in Python was used and for mapping, free Qgis software was used with shapefiles of public domain. From the construction of the maps and application of the Kernel density estimation, it was possible to identify the main places in São Paulo and neighboring cities that most impact the urban wildlife, showing that, in the municipality of São Paulo, neighborhoods close to protected areas environment (urban parks) present higher and more constant numbers of injured animals.
Desvendando as fezes de felinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03)
Frasnelli, Julyenne Christynne Escrivani
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Blankenheim, Thalita Masoti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4940679178638369
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Feline excreta have been the object of study for years by several researchers. This survey recorded the biological and behavioral aspects of the feces of this group of animals. Why is feces buried at certain times and left exposed at others? What are the meanings? Does domestication and human influence affect this act as well? The first chapter of this work aims to systematize this knowledge and answer the questions presented. In addition to a critical synthesis of this theme, differences and sanitary interference, another question: do owners know the atavistic needs of domestic cats and do they provide an environment endowed with well-being and safety? With that in mind, the second chapter of this work was developed on the theme of a manual with informal language, to teach cat lovers about their primary needs in urban homes, as well as the best way to interact with them, targeting their potential mesopredator species. In the third chapter, we developed a didactic material in a playful way for children between six and seven years old, demonstrating the different roles of feline feces, elucidating the differences between felines that are close (domestic cats) and free-living ones. This work aims to contribute to awareness, knowledge and respect for the needs of cats (including free-living ones) and to awaken interest in the conservation of this animal group.
Comparação entre métodos de classificação para elaboração de mapas de uso e ocupação da terra do município da Campina do Monte Alegre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03)
Braga, Carlos Alexandre Fornazier
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Toledo, André Marcondes Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1920147531988000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1972916165528714
This work aimed to characterize land use and occupation in Campina do Monte Alegre (SP), comparing two classification methods based on the use of geotechnologies. In this context, software ArcGIS version 10.4.1 and QGIS version 3.26.3 were used for data processing and presentation of results. One of the methodologies chosen was the classification based on the Dzetsaka Classification Tool, which automatically classifies land use and occupation. Another methodology was the manual classification by photointerpretation, delimiting the land use and occupation classes. CBERS-4A images, obtained at the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), were used for the two classification methods. The areas were quantified in metric units and percentages, with the following classes established in the work: agricultural activity, native vegetation, exposed soil, urbanization and body of water. An analysis was carried out in relation to the Law for the Protection of Native Vegetation (LPVN) in order to make a diagnosis of the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs). The indices used to evaluate the classification indicate that the quality of the automatic classification is not satisfactory considering the size and level of detail required for the area under study. In this work it was possible to verify that, regardless of the chosen program, the result of the research will not be affected, therefore the free software works perfectly in obtaining the products/maps listed here. For the mapping of the Municipality of Campina do Monte Alegre, the most viable option is the photo interpretation, considering that the size of the municipality allows the use of this method. Finally, it was possible to prove that the municipality has irregularities (environmental liabilities) in relation to the permanent preservation area related to watercourses.
Proposta de uma ferramenta conceitual para apoiar a implementação da Economia Circular no setor têxtil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03)
Prado, Nátalie Martins
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Moris, Virgínia Aparecida Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-1792
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Saavedra, Yovana María Barrera
The textile sector is representative due to the continental dimensions that its activities occur throughout the value chain, which contributes to significant economic, environmental and social impacts, presenting opportunities for improvement at the operational and strategic levels towards sustainable development in production and consumption models. In this sense, the Circular Economy approach includes benefits from the perspectives of sustainability to contribute to overcoming challenges in the management of the operational stages of companies. Thus, this dissertation aimed to propose a conceptual tool (IntegraEC) to assist the integration of the Circular Economy in the textile sector. The theoretical basis addressed topics on the general context of the textile sector, the integration and challenges of the Circular Economy in the textile sector, circular business models and practices for the transition of the sector. The research method was based on the hypothetical-deductive approach, with a Systematic Bibliographic Review (RBS) and documentary analysis being carried out for the theoretical development of the pilot tool. A survey was conducted with academic experts and representatives of textile companies to analyze the tool. Data collection was performed using a form, and finally, a qualitative content analysis was performed to improve the final version of the tool. The results present the proposal of IntegraEC, which is an objective, quantitative and flexible self-assessment instrument regarding the adoption of more circular actions, increasing the level of competitiveness, in addition to helping to identify risks and opportunities to complement the understanding of circular performance. However, it is essential that the tool is still applied in multiple case studies to deepen its final validation.
Os Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) e os impactos das mudanças na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB): um estudo em uma região do interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03)
Casotti, Nathalia Denardi
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Figueiredo, Wagner dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5780408703746760
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5532976832067773
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https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9746-6523
The Family Health Support Centers (NASF) emerged in 2008 with the aim of supporting the Family Health Strategies (ESF) teams and expanding the scope of Primary Care (PC) actions. In 2017, with the publication of a new National Primary Care Policy (PNAB), other forms of PC organization were recognized; there was a change in the NASF nomenclature, which is now called the Expanded Family Health and Primary Care Center (NASF-AB); among other changes. PC's funding also changed in 2019, with the implementation of the Previne Brasil Program, which ended up withdrawing funding from the NASF-AB. Given these current PC policies and considering the importance of maintaining the NASF-AB teams in the articulation of health care networks and in supporting comprehensive care in PC, the general objective of this research was to study the work of the NASF-AB in the region of DRS 3 – Araraquara, seeking to identify if there are, and what are, the repercussions of the changes implemented by the PNAB in recent years. This research was a qualitative and exploratory study. In the first stage of the research, an online questionnaire was sent to health managers in the municipalities of DRS 3 – Araraquara, with the objective of mapping the NASF-AB teams in the region, as well as their current work processes. In the second stage, focus groups were held with NASF-AB workers and professionals who were part of teams that were deactivated. In the first stage, the 24 municipalities answered the questionnaire, where it can be seen that 14 municipalities have NASF-AB teams, most of which have been operating for between 5 and 10 years. Individual consultations are the work processes most carried out by these teams and matrix support meetings are the least mentioned by managers, where most also did not identify the impact of the PNAB on their NASF-AB teams. In the second stage, it can be identified that, during the implementation of most of the NASF-AB teams, the needs of the territory, where they would work, were not considered and that the professionals were relocated from other points of the network. Like the managers, the workers did not identify the impacts of the PNAB on their work, but they pointed out numerous perceptions about Previne Brasil, such as difficulty in purchasing materials, expanding teams and even worsening the relationship with PC teams. In addition, they perceived the COVID-19 pandemic as an aggravating factor to the existing difficulties at work, which currently takes place in a disjointed way with the AB teams, with great difficulty in resuming collective activities. The support of the municipal management in implementing the NASF-AB was little recognized by the workers. It is concluded that there are countless challenges for the work of the NASF-AB to occur from the perspective of comprehensiveness; that Previne Brasil was a policy that discouraged matrix support in the territories and that research is needed to investigate the work of the NASF-AB in the “new” primary care teams, as well as studies that discuss new work arrangements where the NASF-AB is actually inserted in the AB.
Otimização dos parâmetros de torneamento para melhoria da estabilidade do chatter baseada em diagramas de lóbulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-03)
Ferreira, Guilherme Norri
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Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435
Machining processes dominate the manufacturing industry, being vital for the delivery consumer goods with reliability and quality, but some self-excited phenomenon such as chatter are limiting in the delivery of these objectives. There are studies that define turning parameters to obtain stability and instabilities, one of the techniques employed is the lobe diagram method, which uses a dependence between the spindle rotation and the depth of cut limit to generate graphs that explain the vibration behavior of the system. Many authors have proposed different methodologies and tools seeking to minimize the occurrence of chatter, whether developing complex dynamic models and analyzing the effect of machining parameters, or testing tools with different materials in order to promote more stable vibration behavior. However, many previous solutions proved to be too complex to actually be used or even ineffective, thus lacking a more targeted approach. This study focuses on the development of a dynamic modeling of turning based on a carbide specimen, generating lobe diagrams that will serve as a basis for the use of an optimization strategy that is capable of identifying process stability, delivering an analysis of optimum performance ranges. The results obtained revealed the great interference of the feed in stability and the need for a sweep of all combinations, since there is no clear profile that allows defining consistent application ranges, even with the use of different tools, in addition, the The cost functions used did not prove to be sufficiently robust to contemplate all criteria relevant to the context of turning. In short, the study proved to be valid, practical and applicable to the context of minimizing chatter and maximizing productivity and quality.