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Barreiras e facilitadores na transição de via de antimicrobianos sob a ótica de enfermeiros, farmacêuticos e médicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Flausino, Tatiane Garcia do Carmo
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7856704683822392
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health problems worldwide, with a great impact on morbidity, mortality, and health costs. In this context, Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) act as an important tool in order to improve clinical outcomes, reduce costs and adverse events, and contribute to the reduction of antimicrobial resistance. Among the strategies provided for in these programs, the switch intravenous to oral route of the antimicrobial therapy in use consists of a low-cost intervention with great potential to generate savings and minimize risks to the patient. However, as the literature points out, the switch therapy does not always occur at an opportune moment. Thus, the present study aimed to develop a questionnaire to identify barriers and facilitators in the switch intravenous to oral antimicrobial, from the perspective of nurses, pharmacists and physicians, actors directly related to antimicrobial therapy. This is a descriptive study carried out in stages, the first of which is responsible for identifying the relevant content for the switch therapy, through a remote, semi-structured interview with two nurses, two pharmacists, and two infectologists. Next, a questionnaire was developed, based on the theoretical construct generated in the previous step, with 15 closed questions, divided into five domains. Finally, this instrument was made available on an online platform and 167 responses were received from the target audience, 79 (47.3%) pharmacists, 71 (42.5%) nurses, and 17 (10.2%) physicians. The main barriers pointed out by the participants were the absence of medication with adequate oral bioavailability (76%), lack of engagement by prescribers (74%), oral medication not available at the institution (74%) and lack of knowledge on the subject (71%). With regard to the main facilitators, the possibility of hospital discharge (85%), the hospital infection control service working at the institution (82%), cost (81%) and ease of administering the medication orally (77%) were pointed out. The present study made it possible to identify the barriers and facilitators for switching antimicrobial therapy from the perspective of the professionals directly involved. The identification of these barriers can contribute to the development of strategies, at the institutional level, within ASP, so that switch therapy happens in a timely and safe way.
Ciência e imagem: processos criativos de produção de conteúdos visuais para a divulgação científica do projeto ARCA do CEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Araujo, Tatiana Maria Soares
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Fernandes, Hylio Laganá
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1527056557679083
The research has as its theme the Pernambuco Endemism Center, the Alagoas curassow and the research, conservation and environmental education actions of CEP's ARCA project. The CEP is a territory of the Brazilian northeastern Atlantic Forest that suffers from high levels of degradation, being one of the most threatened and least researched environments in the world. In this ecosystem, endemic species are constantly threatened, many of which are already extinct in the area. The Alagoas curassow (Pauxi Mitu) is an endemic bird that has been extinct in the region for 40 years and has survived only in breeding grounds. In 2019, it was reintroduced to CEP through an unprecedented partnership between several institutions and scientific projects, such as CEP's ARCA project — of which this research is part. The objects of research investigation are the practical-theoretical creative processes that produced visual and audiovisual content for CEP's ARCA project — which uses these materials for scientific dissemination. The study has applied methodology, qualitative research and phenomenological approach. The theoretical foundation is based on Image Theory, with emphasis on Gestalt and Peirce's semiotics, and on contemporary communicational studies and their influences on science education. As a result of the research, for the graphic dissemination front, a logo and a visual identity were developed for CEP's ARCA project, using digital design techniques. For the project's filmic dissemination front, short documentary videos were made about the history of the Alagoas curassow and its reintroduction to the CEP — the Eu, Mutum series, using cinematographic montage and editing techniques.
Sobrevivência e movimento pós-soltura de jacutingas (Aburria jacutinga) (Spix, 1825) reintroduzidas na Serra da Mantiqueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Bezerra, Aline Sales
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Lima, Caio Filipe da Motta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5833399072087947
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Moschini, Luiz Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262
The black-fronted piping guans (Aburria jacutinga) are large arboreal, frugivorous birds, with an important role as seed dispersers, with emphasis on the fruits of Euterpe edulis, which is an important item in their diet. It is a neotropical species, with a natural distribution occurring only in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil from southern Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, northern Argentina and Paraguay. However, habitat loss and especially predatory hunting represent a constant threat to the populations of black-fronted piping guans with reports of killings since the 19th century. With populations significantly reduced, isolated and with local extinctions in its distribution area, the black-fronted piping guans are classified as an Endangered species in global and national lists of threatened species. The loss of this large frugivore is a conservation concern due to the damage to seed dispersal, which is a key step in the regeneration of forest ecosystems. Faced with such a scenario, the reintroduction of individuals born under human care is a viable alternative for the preservation of these birds. The reintroduction process aims to re-establish a viable population that survives without human intervention, and requires attention in the planning phase from the selection and preparation of candidates, suitability of the habitat for release, the type of release and adequate monitoring that will identify the causes of success and mortality. There are different understandings about the definitions of successful reintroduction, but there is consensus on three objectives: the reintroduction must ensure the survival of the founding population, the establishment in the release area with the reproduction of this generation and its descendants and, finally, the permanence of the restored population. Dispersion is a factor that permeates these three phases, especially the establishment phase, which is marked by the survival and reproduction of the founding population and is sensitive to dispersion due to the size and composition of this initial population. For this reason, it is necessary to know the factors that affect the processes of survival and dispersion of released individuals, which in this study will be addressed through the evaluation of survival rates and their related elements, description of dispersion with the individual variation of movement behavior and the use of the territory and its landscape attributes. Post-release monitoring of black-fronted piping guans reintroduced by the NGO SAVE Brasil in the Serra da Mantiqueira, in the state of São Paulo, using radio-telemetry searches, allowed tracking of 34 individuals over five years. This process brought contributions that can support future reintroductions regarding the post-release survival estimate with the identification of the critical period of mortality, which can be used to assess the number of black-fronted piping guans for the next releases, indications about the individual patterns of the movement and dispersion that reflect an adaptation to free life, although they still do not indicate the stabilization of released individuals, and the understanding about the use of the territory that can guide landscape conservation strategies considering the mobility of these animals.
The impact of foreign direct investment on regional economy: a Brazilian investigation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Carvalho, Ana Catarina Gandra de
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Moralles, Herick Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1319869467901143
Regional Economic research shows that foreign direct investment (FDI) directly impacts the host region's economy. This debate is even more critical in emerging economies, where FDI has significant potential to increase and modernize domestic firms' capabilities. However, the effects of FDI on the regional economy still need to be fully explored, especially in Latin American countries. This study seeks to examine the impacts of FDI on the regional economy in Brazil, one of the largest recipients of foreign investment in Latin America. To this end, this research aims to examine 1) the state of the art of the literature that assesses the impact of FDI on domestic firms through a systematic literature review; 2) the impact of FDI on domestic firms at the regional level in Brazil; 3) the effects of FDI on economic complexity at the regional level. This study employed a unique FDI intensity dataset at the regional level. The results suggest that FDI has the potential to benefit the regional economy by increasing the number of jobs in domestic firms and increasing economic complexity. However, factors such as regional absorptive capacity and the input sector must be considered. FDI entry into regions with low absorption capacity has no positive effect on economic complexity. While FDI into high-tech sectors has a negative impact on job creation in domestic firms. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on the effects of FDI on the regional economy and have important implications for public policies concerning foreign investments. This study can, and must, be used to help the development of FDI related policies in Brazil and other Latin American countries. The use of results like those presented here is critical to directing foreign investment so that host regions can benefit from this type of investment.
Avaliações em larga escala: macro e microrregulações na escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Lucchesi, Maria Eliéte Lacerda
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Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3020150292701026
Periodically, basic education has been evaluated in the country in a census by Prova Brasil, a large-scale evaluation that represents a new regulation form by the State, which increasingly assumes the evaluator role. The new regulation modes, especially large-scale assessment, have a great impact on educational systems, especially on schools, configuring themselves as macroregulation. Within the school institution, there are teachers and other actors, such as school administrators, who, in the face of large-scale evaluation, adjust regulations in effective work with students, producing, in this process, microregulations. This research investigated how the microregulations exercised by teachers and administrators occur in the face of the large-scale evaluation process in a school unit of municipal basic education, in the period from 2011 to 2019 - years of application of the Prova Brasil and edition of the IDEB. The general objective was to analyze, in view of the large-scale assessment called Prova Brasil, the microregulations present within the referred school unit. And as specific objectives, to identify in which actions of school administrators and some teachers they are present, to understand how they occur and in which areas of activities and, finally, what are their motives and their own logic. Using a qualitative approach, data were obtained for this study through semi-structured interviews with teachers and administrators and a focal group with teachers. The results revealed that the teachers and administrators act in several domains of action with different interests, however using similar strategies that over the years constituted the logic of action of the school, some of these logics recovered from the performance in the face of other regulations on the school routine, others constituted specifically for the Prova Brasil. The logics of action are strengthened mainly in the field of school culture, where resistance or conformation to the policy is also defined. The personal interests of teachers and managers overlap with other interests, even ideological ones, especially when it comes to the school's reputation and performance standards, elements capable of redefining institutional priorities. The internal regulation exercised by the leadership style and the exercise of power by the school management greatly alleviated the conflicts, transforming, over the period, the initial resistance into conformation, especially in the face of a policy of continuity such as large-scale evaluation. Finally, we identified that the logics of action guide conduct at school and the microregulations exercised by teachers and administrators move in alternation and overlap related to the concern with student learning and the school's reputation in the IDEB ranking, but they cannot be underestimated by creators and formulators of public policies in the field of education, because, in the translation of policies into practice, in microregulations at school, the interests of the actors remain in the foreground, overlapping the very objectives of the policies.
High-performance chloride-doped polyaniline activated carbon modified with PluronicTM template for electrochemical desalination
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Oliveira, Kaíque Souza Gonçalves Cordeiro
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6356966306748719
Activated carbon obtained from chloride-doped polyaniline (PAC/Cl) is an attractive material for brackish water desalination using capacitive deionization (CDI), due to its easy synthesis, low cost, and fast electrosorption kinetics. However, its low content of surface oxygen groups (SOGs) suppresses the salt adsorption capacity (SAC), despite high specific surface area. In this thesis, different strategies to improve the SAC and boost the kinetics of PAC/Cl electrodes were investigated by modifying the synthesis procedure. Firstly, the use of PluronicTM F127 (PLR) as a template (CTAK electrode) allowed modification of the structure and textural properties of the carbonized and activated samples, increasing the SOG content by 26% (from 4.2 to 5.3 at.%), compared to the electrode prepared in the absence of PLR (CTAK*). Consequently, the electrode hydrophobicity was reduced by 2.1-fold (from 87.4 to 40.9º) and the desalination performance was enhanced, especially using an asymmetric electrode configuration (SAC enhancement from 11.4 to 21.0 mg g-1). Despite the slower kinetics observed using CTAK, compared to CTAK*, when the SAC and electrosorption/desorption kinetics were considered together, CTAK outperformed CTAK* by ~1.7-fold (from 932 to 1560 mg g-1 day-1), in both symmetric and asymmetric configurations. As a second approach, the use of PLR combined with hydrothermal carbonization, despite leading to a 3D hierarchical framework, hindered the access to the pores, negatively impacting the process kinetics. The results showed that the use of PLR-modified PAC/Cl is a simple and effective strategy for obtaining low-cost activated carbons with distinct surface chemistry that can improve desalination performance.
O espaço social da operação lava jato e a mobilização linguística da corrupção pela mídia especializada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Francelin, Haron Barberio
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Rodrigues, Lidiane Soares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5343968646005766
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-9888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0051578824095280
This dissertation analyzes the media translation of the Lava-Jato Operation from 03/04/2016 to 05/07/2018. For that, a previous study of the notions of corruption that are formulated within Social Science was necessary, having finally assumed a certain premise of corruption, this one associated with the phenomenon that circumscribes multiple agents, in a moment of crisis in the belief of the Official and the Universal , state support binomial. Such an event is punctual and offered in moments of double or triple game between many instances of the social world. In view of this selected configuration due to the concept of elites, the agents that participated in this social space and those statistically described through their social properties in order to make approximations and distances between them. With this background of the phenomenon, analyzed how the social agents of the media specialized in specific related in the construction of the Operation. Through the linguistic translation of the phenomenon, it can, in a sense, describe its positions taken and whether they reserved a corresponding previously articulated way of acting in this opportunity generated by the social space manifested in the crises of belief in the State instance.
A pesca caiçara anterior ao surgimento da Barra Nova na Ilha do Cardoso, SP: subsídios à gestão pesqueira na região.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Tinoco, Idelmara de Alencar
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Mendonça, Jocemar Tomasino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1652112592780902
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Prado, Helbert Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7266995448306223
In the coast of the states of “São Paulo” and “Paraná” inhabit “caiçaras” communities, who base their livelihood and their income on artisanal fishing mainly. In the “Cananéia” region is located the “Ilha do Cardoso” State Park, a Conservation Unit in which traditional communities practice artisanal fishing in the estuarine and marine environment. The island underwent an erosion process in its southern portion that generated the opening of a new bar, which has affected the ecosystem and the local residents. In this context, this research presents information on the profile of “caiçara” fishing among communities close to the “Barra Nova” along the decade that preceded this event and proposes a preliminary prognosis of future consequences for local fishing. The fishing data analyzed came from the Fishing Activity Monitoring Program of the State of “São Paulo”, developed by the Fisheries Institute, and the information about the communities, description of the fishing gear, ecology and biology of the fish species were obtained from secondary sources. From the methodology employed, it was possible to obtain an overview of fishing over eleven years in the study area, making it possible to know the main products captured, and to understand the possible influence that “Barra Nova” can generate on the local fishing dynamics as well on the quality of life of the locals. The studies compiled on the ecology of the “manjuba-chata” show that juveniles of this species prefer areas with low salinity, which can change the logistic of this fishery due to the increase of salinity in the estuary. It is possible that fishing for other fish products does not change, due to their ecological behavior presenting interactions with marine and estuarine environments. However, the closure of the old bar became farther away and also more expensive the access to the coast by the fishers of the “Barra do Ararapira” and “Pontal do Leste” communities. Nevertheless, new studies involving the perception of the fishermen/residents in the region on the impacts generated by the opening of “Barra Nova” are still needed. The information presented herein will be able to help new research on the opening of “Barra Nova” and its consequences, as well contribute to decision-making about the fishing management in the area.
Desenvolvendo potencialidades: a inclusão no Ensino de Ciências numa perspectiva Vygostskyana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Magueta, Cleiton Tadeu Rodrigues
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Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
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Silva, Adriana de Oliveira Delgado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2707979913713089
In the inclusive perspective of education, the focus is not the student's disability, but the means, spaces, environments and resources to be adapted so that they become accessible to the specificities of each student. Within this inclusive educational process, we try our best to understand the child's capabilities and potentialities in regular classrooms, together with other classmates. Based on the theories of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky about social compensation, where he sought to understand the adverse situations that hinder the full development of the human being, looking at the limitations as an opportunity to develop other skills of the child, an Inclusive Activities Guide for Science Teaching was built. These activities guide the teacher's work, through experimental scripts that were applied in an inclusive approach in a 9th grade classroom in a public school in the countryside of São Paulo state. The scripts that made up the Guide provided the materials, means of implementation, estimated costs, in addition to providing QR codes, with access to supplementary materials, such as videos on trivia, tutorials and attachments related to the proposed activities. In order to favor the participation of all students in the teaching-learning process, these activities were planned so that their execution and monitoring was possible regardless of the existence of any deficiency or educational need of any student, providing active participation, in which the student could be the central protagonist of the experimentation process, literally putting his hands in the dough, and aiming to understand the scientific concepts addressed, which were directly related to the five senses.
Pluralizando masculinidades performativas: uma pesquisa com jovens em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Oliveira, João Victor
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Motta, Luana Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1683157673923991
This work is situated at the interface of major contemporary sociological debates: youth, masculinity, and the world of crime. Aiming to explore what I have referred to as performative masculinities among young individuals undergoing socio-educational measures due to involvement in crime, I problematize specific dimensions of each of these debates. Starting from an ethnographic study focused on participant observation of the routine activities of young individuals who were undergoing socio-educational measures at Salesianos, witch is the institution that coordinates and promotes open-ended measures in the city of São Carlos – SP, I have organized a typology consisting of four types of performative masculinities related to signs of: I) humility and conduct, II) bravatas and bragging, III) family, responsibility, and gratitude and IV) violence, virility, and pride.
A Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica como fundamento de algumas iniciativas de formação continuada de professores e professoras da Educação Básica no Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Lopes, Silmara Aparecida
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Coutinho, Luciana Cristina Salvatti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688318704089723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7134142563100980
The objective of the research was to analyze and discuss the limits and possibilities of some initiatives for the continuing education of teachers in Basic Education in Brazil, based on the PHC and investigated in this work, developed with different formats: study and/or research groups; short courses (up to 40 hours); medium-term courses (from 50 to 100 hours); long-term courses (more than 100 hours); undergraduate subjects; graduate courses; speeches; seminars; self-managed study groups; among others, based on Historical-Critical Pedagogy (PHC). The method of collecting and analyzing sources and data in this research is historical-dialectical materialism (MHD). To carry out the research, the following procedures were selected: bibliographic review; document and field analysis. It is argued that some initiatives for continuing education of Brazilian Basic Education teachers, investigated in this work, based on PHC, currently face limits and possibilities. One of the limits refers to the concrete conditions in which the performance and training of teachers of Basic Education in Brazil take place. However, despite the objective and subjective conditions that involve Brazilian education as a whole, which have repercussions on teacher education, it is possible and necessary to build initiatives for the continuing education of teachers, based on the PHC, which are increasingly stronger, articulated, with a more systematized organization and supported by collective movements at the national level and with common objectives. Such initiatives are fundamental possibilities as forms of resistance and struggle, which aim to contribute to the struggles in favor of transforming the school and society itself.
bell hooks e a Trilogia do Ensino: contribuições para uma educação infantil antirracista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Amaral, Elisa Amanda Santos do
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Monteiro, Rosana Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2567706339313166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2128728548361573
This research addresses the contribution of the word Trilogy Teaching, by bell hooks, for early childhood education from anti-racist perspective. Our research object is composed of the books "TeachingtoTransgress: education as a practice of freedom" (2013), "Teaching community: a pedagogy of Hope" (2021) and "Teaching critical thinking: practical wisdom" (2020). The research has a sits theoretical and methodological basis the Sociology Childhood (SARMENTO, 2008; ABRAMOWICZ, OLIVEIRA, 2010), articulated to the fields of studies of the education of ethnic-racial relations and Black Feminism (COLLINS, 2019; DAVIS, 2016; CRENSHAW, 2002, HOOKS, 2019), which also contributes in order to contextualize the thought of bell hooks. The study seeks to answer whether there are contributions of bell hooks' Teaching Trilogy to early childhood education from anti-racist perspective. This is a qualitative, bibliographic and documental research, in which we conducted a bibliographic survey and analyzed the legislation that guides early childhood education in Brazil. Through the content analysis methodology (Bardin, 2016), we listed ten units of record present in the Trilogy of Teaching that reflect the thought of bell hooks about education and, from them, we chose two, "Eros and eroticism" and "Love", to deepen the discussion in relation to early childhood education from an antiracist perspective. By relating these registration units to the theoretical framework, we can consider that both can support the construction of practices committed to fighting racism and oppression of all kinds in early childhood education. The analysis of the Teaching Trilogy reveals that the writings of bell hooks present relevant contributions for early childhood education from an anti-racist perspective, while Eros carries the meaning of acceptance and consideration to the subjectivity of each student, as well as Love that, as bell hooks evidences, will always move us away from domination.
Desenvolvimento de membranas poliméricas enantiosseletivas utilizando partículas tipo-Pirkle para resolução de compostos quirais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-15)
Vedovello, Priscila
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Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-0585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9302582991403254
The formation of chiral compounds during the synthesis of new drugs and other substances, which are administered clinically in the form of racemic mixture, is amply described in the literature. The therapeutic activity of these compounds is strongly dependent on their spatial rearrangements, leading to different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, in which one isomer may produce the desired therapeutic activities, while the other may be inactive or even produce toxic effects. Alternatives to bypassing the formation of chiral compounds include stereoselective synthesis and post-synthesis separation. This work aimed to develop low-cost hybrid polymeric membranes with high chiral resolution capability. Mesoporous materials (MCM-41) obtained from rice husk biomass by the hydrothermal method and by the post-synthesis grafting method were evaluated for their chiral selection capacity. Pirkle-type selectors were grafted into MCM-41 and these materials were incorporated in a polymeric membrane. The Pirkle-type chiral selector was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the structure. The samples were characterized by FTIR and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. MCM-41 exhibited type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis, good thermal stability, uniform mesopore size distribution, and high surface area. The functionalization of MCM-41 caused a decrease in the surface area, observed by the technique of adsorption-desorption of N2. FTIR and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, confirmed the presence of Pirkle-type selectors within the MCM-41 structure. MCM-41-Pirkle membranes showed preferential retention activity over one enantiomer, (S)-Pirkle Alcohol. MCM-41-Pirkle membranes showed good permeation enantioselectivity (α = 1.28) when compared to other studies. The membranes containing MCM-41-(S,S)-Whelk-O®1 showed excellent retention for the xanthonic compound XEA, with a high permeation selectivity compared to the other selector tested (α = 16.78). As evidenced by permeation and sorption assays of different enantiomeric compounds, this study demonstrates that membranes containing mesoporous materials anchored with chiral selectors can be an effective tool for the separation of enantiomers.
Trabalho e estudos em tempos de pandemia: olhares de jovens do ensino médio público paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Siqueira, Gabriel Di Pierro
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Corrochano, Maria Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9265332720085806
The present research aimed to understand, based on an effort to approximate their realities, how the most recent social transformations - in particular the context of the covid-19 pandemic - impact the trajectories of young students of public high schools in the state of São Paulo. This is a quantitative and qualitative investigation that took place throughout 2021 and 2022 with ten different public schools of regular high school and technical education located in the municipalities of São Paulo, Sorocaba and Santos, with young students between 15 and 18 years old, participants of a Scientific Pre-Initiation Program aimed at high school. It sought to learn about youth experiences that unfold in three large dimensions: studies, work and future prospects. Supported by studies of Sociology of Youth, the investigation considered the profound historical transformations that had repercussions on less linear and more heterogeneous study and work trajectories. The construction of research instruments and field analyzes were inspired by the theoretical production of sociologist Danilo Martuccelli around a sociology of individuation, which proposes the study of social phenomena from the scale of individuals, seeking to understand macrosocial and historical movements from of an approximation of individual trajectories and narratives. Students' reports indicated very significant impacts of the health crisis on their schooling processes, producing the perception of a loss of school knowledge and negatively affecting projects for access to higher education. Young people also reported an overload of activities, which most strongly affected students who worked and young women who performed unpaid domestic work. Faced with the context of uncertainties, increased inequalities and lack of support, a significant number of young people mobilized efforts to invest in training and work activities, seeking to guarantee more favorable future prospects. The challenges posed increased tensions between what young people wanted for themselves and the concrete conditions to carry out their projects, producing consequences for their mental health.
Critérios ambientais em um modelo de suporte à decisão no planejamento de estradas florestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Américo, Carla
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8373522066888211
When not well structured and allocated, forest roads become potential sources of environmental impacts, especially those related to water dynamics and sediment production. In this context, the general objective was to present an approach for planning forest roads focused on hydrological conservation, topography, and soil stability, with the use of multicriteria evaluation (MCE). For this, the thesis was structured in chapters, in which the first one brings a review about forest roads and methodologies currently used for their planning and optimization. In the second chapter, considering that the soil map is essential for environmental analysis, and that it is commonly represented in classes, a continuous soil map was elaborated by means of fuzzy logic and geostatistics, evaluating the output map of the MCE model from a sensitivity analysis.In the third chapter, from MCE we integrated the criteria slope, erodibility, distance to the hydrographic network and topographic wetness index, to obtain the environmental fragility in two forest production farms. In the fourth chapter, the importance of the previously selected criteria that supported priority areas for forest road allocation was evaluated using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method. In the fifth chapter, the performance of the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) method was evaluated in relation to the WLC method, in the prioritization of areas for forest road allocation, considering the previously selected criteria. As a general conclusion, supported by the results of the chapters, it was obtained that it is possible to use the WLC method in the planning of forest roads, which obtained good performance proven by the sensitivity analysis. Thus, the proposed decision model leads to the optimization of resources and actions, which will ensure that forest enterprises will have access to the stands throughout the year, as well as the conservation of water and soil in the landscape.
Evasão escolar em uma unidade de ensino médio e técnico: as Etecs em um novo significado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Nedelciu, Jeferson
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Tarábola, Felipe de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1607155996690149
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461285790489489
School dropout is a phenomenon present in our society and identified as one of the most serious problems of education in the country. Despite many studies in the area and a series of hypotheses raised, the topic still lacks clear answers. It is possible to note that there is a certain “common sense” when it comes to evasion, in which many researchers always point out a direction to identify the culprits in the process. However, evasion is complex and permeated with aspects in which even to simply define what evasion is, we have already found disagreements between researchers. In parallel, school dropout discussions are almost always directed at elementary, middle and/or higher education levels; little is produced or discussed about school dropout in technical education. Technical education, today, is an extremely important teaching modality in our society and moves the lives of thousands of young people and adults in Brazil. For contextualization, this study will take place exclusively in a high school and technical school, called Etec (State Technical School): the unit has about two thousand students enrolled, but is part of the State Center for Technological Education Paula Souza (CEETEPS), autarchy of Government of the State of São Paulo, which currently has more than 230,000 enrollments per semester. Therefore, we have in technical education a huge movement of young people and adults who are seeking in this institution the professionalization process and other “benefits” that are expected in schooling. However, technical education schools are built from the perspective of social change through professionalization. This fact presents us with discussions about the commodification of education, as well as the problems generated by meritocracy in education. For the development of the research, young people between 15 and 17 years old who were enrolled at Etec, between 2016 and 2021, and who dropped out of the technical course in the period were sought. The historical clipping was intended to pick up students who were present during the period of imposition of the high school reform, enacted by Law nº 13.415/2017, and to those who have been under the changes caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic. The result of the research points out that we are going through a great change in the profile of the young people who are present in the secondary and technical education units of the Etecs. By far, the public is no longer the one identified in the mid-1980s, when technical education was aimed at the marginalized, with technical training being their only possible professional training. Therefore, new demands are present in the lives of these young people, and their aspirations, if different from what is imposed in the technical school, are reflected in their evasion. Therefore, a school education focused on the labor market and having the principle of individual merit as a prominent source, disregarding the inequalities of our society, needs to be rethought and discussed.
Classificação preditiva de fases para ligas multicomponentes CrCoFeMnNi utilizando machine learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Santos, Kayque
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Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Fernandes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6906616294534939
;
Coury, Francisco Gil
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730
When we refer to multicomponent alloys, or high entropy alloys as they are commonly called, it is inevitable to discuss the challenge of exploring new compositions that may be of scientific interest. This difficulty is related to a range of possible compositions, given the amount of different elements and their percentages that can be combined to originate new materials. Since its discovery, alternative methods have been studied to try to predict some characteristics of these alloys without the need to experimentally produce them, or to use empirical methods, this, in addition to saving time, can optimize resources and makes it economically more feasible to investigate a greater number of combinations, until a material is reached that justifies its manufacture for further analysis. Among the existing ways to carry out this exploration, we can highlight methods based on the functional theory of density, or even thermodynamic simulations, which can use different methods, such as CALPHAD, which uses the Gibbs energy functions. However, these are methods that still have relatively long development cycles. Based on this, this work is intended to use science guided by big data, more specifically machine learning, where from a database, originated through thermodynamic simulation, using CALPHAD as a method, three different algorithms to predictively classify phases in multicomponent alloys, formed by the elements nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co). This classification consists of predicting whether a given composition at a constant temperature of 1000ºC presents a face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic and sigma structure as a phase, or whether none of these are present and are grouped under “others”. With that, through a database with 1000 different compositions, it was possible to carry out supervised training of three different types of algorithms, where, after properly trained and optimized, they performed the classification of about 494 new combinations that did not exist in the initial base. As a result, an accuracy of 91.72% was reached for the decision tree algorithm, 94.95% for the k-nearest neighbors and 96.36% for the support vector machine.
Experiencia de estudiantes con discapacidad en el bachillerato: diálogos para la emancipación
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Juárez, Miriam Viridiana Verástegui
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-1374
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Campos, Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez
La investigación tuvo como objetivo promover el conocimiento consciente de los procesos escolares a través del diálogo colectivo en estudiantes de bachillerato con discapacidad. A partir de insumos teóricos y metodológicos se muestran posibilidades para que los jóvenes reflexionen de forma crítica su paso por las escuelas para así mejorar sus experiencias educativas, pues a pesar del incremento de estudiantes con discapacidad en las aulas, el capacitismo dentro de los centros escolares aún es cotidiano. La pesquisa se fundamenta en tres pilares teórico-conceptuales: 1) La Educación Especial como campo de conocimiento y potencia para promover la emancipación de los alumnos. 2) Fundamentos desde la psicología histórico-cultural para entender al proceso de juventud como una etapa de desarrollo humano transitoria que permite a los jóvenes reflexiones sobre su mundo y su lugar en él. 3) El diálogo colectivo como promotor de cambios personales y grupales que, al ser encausado por herramientas como la Foto-voz, genera la participación activa de los estudiantes. Se trata de una Investigación Acción Participativa que usó la herramienta de Foto-voz y grupos de discusión para la colecta de datos, los participantes fueron seis alumnos que viven con diferentes discapacidades, matriculados en el bachillerato en un municipio de medio porte en el interior del estado de São Paulo y que frecuentaban la Sala de Recursos. Los resultados se analizaron desde una perspectiva indiciaria llegando a cuatro grandes temáticas compartidas por los participantes: experiencias escolares, aprendizaje colectivo, identidad y construcción colectiva del Fanzine digital-accesible “Nós somos evolução”. Se concluye que, con las bases de la psicología histórico-cultural y a través de la herramienta Foto-voz, se consiguió promover que los estudiantes conocieran conscientemente sus procesos escolares, resaltando las particularidades individuales pues este proceso se dio de forma diferente en calidad y cantidad en cada participante. La herramienta metodológica mostró ser una posibilidad para que, a través del diálogo, se estructurara la experiencia personal y las reflexiones para el bien común en un camino de emancipación que supera al individualismo en la práctica colectiva.
Tertúlias Dialógicas Pedagógicas na formação docente: prevenção de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Rodrigues, Rafaela Maria
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5137767485570081
Sexual violence against children and adolescents has increasingly alarming rates in Brazil and worldwide. The school has been pointed out in international and national studies as a fundamental institution to combat and prevent violence, and teacher training as a still fragile element to make this happen. Focusing on the dialogical perspective of teacher training on the theme, around the reading and dialog of scientific articles on the subject, the objective of this research is to analyze the limits and possibilities of a continuing education course with these characteristics. The research question that guided us is: How can the Pedagogical Dialogical Training, carried out through a continuing education course, organized based on Dialogic Pedagogical Gatherings of scientific texts about the prevention of sexual violence against children and adolescents, act on the conceptions of the teachers participating in it and the engagement in their professional practice on the theme? The research methodology was qualitative, with data collection through questionnaire, observation, and focus group, with a communicative approach. In the dissertation qualification document the analyses have not yet been carried out. The analyses produced the following categories: Guardianship Council, Formation and training of teachers, Dialogic Gatherings, Valiant Club, Support and protection networks, Course development, Sanderson's book, Family and sexual education. As results, by means of the excluding and transforming elements, we concluded as main results, that the course produced in the teachers involved deep knowledge about the theme of prevention of child sexual abuse. Through the categories, we ascertained that greater unity is needed between the school and the Guardianship Council for the effective protection of children and adolescents; the Dialogic Gatherings and the Valiant Club are evidence-based actions for the prevention of violence; and it is urgent to train education professionals on the prevention of child sexual violence.
Testes clínicos adaptados para avaliação da força muscular em idosos com doença de Alzheimer: um estudo de revisão sistemática, confiabilidade e validade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16)
Oliveira, Marcos Paulo Braz de
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Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353
;
Andrade, Larissa Pires de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646
The overarching aim of this Doctoral Thesis was to determine the measurement properties of the adapted Five-Times Sit-to-Stand (5STS), 30-Second Sit-to-Stand (30STS) and Calf-Rise Senior (CRS) tests to assess lower limb muscle strength in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized verbal commands were provided throughout the test execution with the purpose of assisting participants with test initiation and completion. Verbal commands included “stand up” and “sit down” (for 5STS and 30STS) and “stand on your tip toes” and “now you can get down” (for CRS). Three main Studies lead the investigation for this Doctoral Thesis. Study I aimed to systematically investigate the literature to assess test assessments reliability in respects to physical function in older adults with dementia. This systematic investigation focused on muscle strength, potential test assessment adaptations, and older adults with AD. Study II investigated the reliability of isokinetic dynamometry for assessing knee and ankle muscle strength (i.e., joint torque) in older adults with AD. Study III determined the reliability and concurrent validity of the 5STS, 30STS and CRS adapted tests to assess lower limb muscle strength in older adults with AD. Study I identified 15 reliability studies with a total of 560 participants (i.e., older adults with dementia), and 19 clinical tests to assess physical function. Three of these tests specifically addressed lower limb muscle strength (i.e., 5STS, 30STS and Hand-Held Dynamometer) and were shown to be reliable for physical function assessment in older adults with dementia. Verbal commands and/or physical assistant was needed for the test execution however, verbal command standardization was not observed. In Study II, a total 42 older adults with AD were evaluated with 22 participants being in the mild stage of disease progression and 20 in the moderate-stage. Additionally, 20 older adults with preserved cognition were included as controlled comparison. Study II identified that isokinetic measures (i.e., peak torque, average peak torque, and total work) are reliable for assessing knee and ankle muscle strength (i.e., joint torque) in older adults with AD in the mild and moderate stages. In Study III, a total 42 older adults with AD were evaluated (22 participants in the mild stage of disease progression and 20 in the moderate-stage). Study III findings indicated that the adapted 5STS, 30STS and CRS tests are reliable for assessing lower limb muscle strength and are correlated with measure of lower limb maximal muscle strength and power in older adults with AD.