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Evasão escolar em uma unidade de ensino médio e técnico: as Etecs em um novo significado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Nedelciu, Jeferson; Tarábola, Felipe de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1607155996690149; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461285790489489
School dropout is a phenomenon present in our society and identified as one of the most serious problems of education in the country. Despite many studies in the area and a series of hypotheses raised, the topic still lacks clear answers. It is possible to note that there is a certain “common sense” when it comes to evasion, in which many researchers always point out a direction to identify the culprits in the process. However, evasion is complex and permeated with aspects in which even to simply define what evasion is, we have already found disagreements between researchers. In parallel, school dropout discussions are almost always directed at elementary, middle and/or higher education levels; little is produced or discussed about school dropout in technical education. Technical education, today, is an extremely important teaching modality in our society and moves the lives of thousands of young people and adults in Brazil. For contextualization, this study will take place exclusively in a high school and technical school, called Etec (State Technical School): the unit has about two thousand students enrolled, but is part of the State Center for Technological Education Paula Souza (CEETEPS), autarchy of Government of the State of São Paulo, which currently has more than 230,000 enrollments per semester. Therefore, we have in technical education a huge movement of young people and adults who are seeking in this institution the professionalization process and other “benefits” that are expected in schooling. However, technical education schools are built from the perspective of social change through professionalization. This fact presents us with discussions about the commodification of education, as well as the problems generated by meritocracy in education. For the development of the research, young people between 15 and 17 years old who were enrolled at Etec, between 2016 and 2021, and who dropped out of the technical course in the period were sought. The historical clipping was intended to pick up students who were present during the period of imposition of the high school reform, enacted by Law nº 13.415/2017, and to those who have been under the changes caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic. The result of the research points out that we are going through a great change in the profile of the young people who are present in the secondary and technical education units of the Etecs. By far, the public is no longer the one identified in the mid-1980s, when technical education was aimed at the marginalized, with technical training being their only possible professional training. Therefore, new demands are present in the lives of these young people, and their aspirations, if different from what is imposed in the technical school, are reflected in their evasion. Therefore, a school education focused on the labor market and having the principle of individual merit as a prominent source, disregarding the inequalities of our society, needs to be rethought and discussed.
Critérios ambientais em um modelo de suporte à decisão no planejamento de estradas florestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Américo, Carla; Tolini, Roberta Averna Valente Botezelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8373522066888211
When not well structured and allocated, forest roads become potential sources of environmental impacts, especially those related to water dynamics and sediment production. In this context, the general objective was to present an approach for planning forest roads focused on hydrological conservation, topography, and soil stability, with the use of multicriteria evaluation (MCE). For this, the thesis was structured in chapters, in which the first one brings a review about forest roads and methodologies currently used for their planning and optimization. In the second chapter, considering that the soil map is essential for environmental analysis, and that it is commonly represented in classes, a continuous soil map was elaborated by means of fuzzy logic and geostatistics, evaluating the output map of the MCE model from a sensitivity analysis.In the third chapter, from MCE we integrated the criteria slope, erodibility, distance to the hydrographic network and topographic wetness index, to obtain the environmental fragility in two forest production farms. In the fourth chapter, the importance of the previously selected criteria that supported priority areas for forest road allocation was evaluated using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method. In the fifth chapter, the performance of the Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) method was evaluated in relation to the WLC method, in the prioritization of areas for forest road allocation, considering the previously selected criteria. As a general conclusion, supported by the results of the chapters, it was obtained that it is possible to use the WLC method in the planning of forest roads, which obtained good performance proven by the sensitivity analysis. Thus, the proposed decision model leads to the optimization of resources and actions, which will ensure that forest enterprises will have access to the stands throughout the year, as well as the conservation of water and soil in the landscape.
Trabalho e estudos em tempos de pandemia: olhares de jovens do ensino médio público paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Siqueira, Gabriel Di Pierro; Corrochano, Maria Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9265332720085806
The present research aimed to understand, based on an effort to approximate their realities, how the most recent social transformations - in particular the context of the covid-19 pandemic - impact the trajectories of young students of public high schools in the state of São Paulo. This is a quantitative and qualitative investigation that took place throughout 2021 and 2022 with ten different public schools of regular high school and technical education located in the municipalities of São Paulo, Sorocaba and Santos, with young students between 15 and 18 years old, participants of a Scientific Pre-Initiation Program aimed at high school. It sought to learn about youth experiences that unfold in three large dimensions: studies, work and future prospects. Supported by studies of Sociology of Youth, the investigation considered the profound historical transformations that had repercussions on less linear and more heterogeneous study and work trajectories. The construction of research instruments and field analyzes were inspired by the theoretical production of sociologist Danilo Martuccelli around a sociology of individuation, which proposes the study of social phenomena from the scale of individuals, seeking to understand macrosocial and historical movements from of an approximation of individual trajectories and narratives. Students' reports indicated very significant impacts of the health crisis on their schooling processes, producing the perception of a loss of school knowledge and negatively affecting projects for access to higher education. Young people also reported an overload of activities, which most strongly affected students who worked and young women who performed unpaid domestic work. Faced with the context of uncertainties, increased inequalities and lack of support, a significant number of young people mobilized efforts to invest in training and work activities, seeking to guarantee more favorable future prospects. The challenges posed increased tensions between what young people wanted for themselves and the concrete conditions to carry out their projects, producing consequences for their mental health.
Tertúlias Dialógicas Pedagógicas na formação docente: prevenção de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Rodrigues, Rafaela Maria; Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5137767485570081
Sexual violence against children and adolescents has increasingly alarming rates in Brazil and worldwide. The school has been pointed out in international and national studies as a fundamental institution to combat and prevent violence, and teacher training as a still fragile element to make this happen. Focusing on the dialogical perspective of teacher training on the theme, around the reading and dialog of scientific articles on the subject, the objective of this research is to analyze the limits and possibilities of a continuing education course with these characteristics. The research question that guided us is: How can the Pedagogical Dialogical Training, carried out through a continuing education course, organized based on Dialogic Pedagogical Gatherings of scientific texts about the prevention of sexual violence against children and adolescents, act on the conceptions of the teachers participating in it and the engagement in their professional practice on the theme? The research methodology was qualitative, with data collection through questionnaire, observation, and focus group, with a communicative approach. In the dissertation qualification document the analyses have not yet been carried out. The analyses produced the following categories: Guardianship Council, Formation and training of teachers, Dialogic Gatherings, Valiant Club, Support and protection networks, Course development, Sanderson's book, Family and sexual education. As results, by means of the excluding and transforming elements, we concluded as main results, that the course produced in the teachers involved deep knowledge about the theme of prevention of child sexual abuse. Through the categories, we ascertained that greater unity is needed between the school and the Guardianship Council for the effective protection of children and adolescents; the Dialogic Gatherings and the Valiant Club are evidence-based actions for the prevention of violence; and it is urgent to train education professionals on the prevention of child sexual violence.
Experiencia de estudiantes con discapacidad en el bachillerato: diálogos para la emancipación
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Juárez, Miriam Viridiana Verástegui; Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-1374; Campos, Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3169299095370522; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0789-808X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2883292713318421; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4756-5044
La investigación tuvo como objetivo promover el conocimiento consciente de los procesos escolares a través del diálogo colectivo en estudiantes de bachillerato con discapacidad. A partir de insumos teóricos y metodológicos se muestran posibilidades para que los jóvenes reflexionen de forma crítica su paso por las escuelas para así mejorar sus experiencias educativas, pues a pesar del incremento de estudiantes con discapacidad en las aulas, el capacitismo dentro de los centros escolares aún es cotidiano. La pesquisa se fundamenta en tres pilares teórico-conceptuales: 1) La Educación Especial como campo de conocimiento y potencia para promover la emancipación de los alumnos. 2) Fundamentos desde la psicología histórico-cultural para entender al proceso de juventud como una etapa de desarrollo humano transitoria que permite a los jóvenes reflexiones sobre su mundo y su lugar en él. 3) El diálogo colectivo como promotor de cambios personales y grupales que, al ser encausado por herramientas como la Foto-voz, genera la participación activa de los estudiantes. Se trata de una Investigación Acción Participativa que usó la herramienta de Foto-voz y grupos de discusión para la colecta de datos, los participantes fueron seis alumnos que viven con diferentes discapacidades, matriculados en el bachillerato en un municipio de medio porte en el interior del estado de São Paulo y que frecuentaban la Sala de Recursos. Los resultados se analizaron desde una perspectiva indiciaria llegando a cuatro grandes temáticas compartidas por los participantes: experiencias escolares, aprendizaje colectivo, identidad y construcción colectiva del Fanzine digital-accesible “Nós somos evolução”. Se concluye que, con las bases de la psicología histórico-cultural y a través de la herramienta Foto-voz, se consiguió promover que los estudiantes conocieran conscientemente sus procesos escolares, resaltando las particularidades individuales pues este proceso se dio de forma diferente en calidad y cantidad en cada participante. La herramienta metodológica mostró ser una posibilidad para que, a través del diálogo, se estructurara la experiencia personal y las reflexiones para el bien común en un camino de emancipación que supera al individualismo en la práctica colectiva.
Testes clínicos adaptados para avaliação da força muscular em idosos com doença de Alzheimer: um estudo de revisão sistemática, confiabilidade e validade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Oliveira, Marcos Paulo Braz de; Serrão, Paula Regina Mendes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2917658715637353; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0923295604357854
The overarching aim of this Doctoral Thesis was to determine the measurement properties of the adapted Five-Times Sit-to-Stand (5STS), 30-Second Sit-to-Stand (30STS) and Calf-Rise Senior (CRS) tests to assess lower limb muscle strength in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized verbal commands were provided throughout the test execution with the purpose of assisting participants with test initiation and completion. Verbal commands included “stand up” and “sit down” (for 5STS and 30STS) and “stand on your tip toes” and “now you can get down” (for CRS). Three main Studies lead the investigation for this Doctoral Thesis. Study I aimed to systematically investigate the literature to assess test assessments reliability in respects to physical function in older adults with dementia. This systematic investigation focused on muscle strength, potential test assessment adaptations, and older adults with AD. Study II investigated the reliability of isokinetic dynamometry for assessing knee and ankle muscle strength (i.e., joint torque) in older adults with AD. Study III determined the reliability and concurrent validity of the 5STS, 30STS and CRS adapted tests to assess lower limb muscle strength in older adults with AD. Study I identified 15 reliability studies with a total of 560 participants (i.e., older adults with dementia), and 19 clinical tests to assess physical function. Three of these tests specifically addressed lower limb muscle strength (i.e., 5STS, 30STS and Hand-Held Dynamometer) and were shown to be reliable for physical function assessment in older adults with dementia. Verbal commands and/or physical assistant was needed for the test execution however, verbal command standardization was not observed. In Study II, a total 42 older adults with AD were evaluated with 22 participants being in the mild stage of disease progression and 20 in the moderate-stage. Additionally, 20 older adults with preserved cognition were included as controlled comparison. Study II identified that isokinetic measures (i.e., peak torque, average peak torque, and total work) are reliable for assessing knee and ankle muscle strength (i.e., joint torque) in older adults with AD in the mild and moderate stages. In Study III, a total 42 older adults with AD were evaluated (22 participants in the mild stage of disease progression and 20 in the moderate-stage). Study III findings indicated that the adapted 5STS, 30STS and CRS tests are reliable for assessing lower limb muscle strength and are correlated with measure of lower limb maximal muscle strength and power in older adults with AD.
O fechamento da escola no campo em Aporé/GO sob a hegemonia neoliberal no campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Freitas, Wansley Ferreira de; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9756215228646298
This paper exposes the result of a study about the closure of rural schools in the city of Aporé-GO between 1975 and 2001. The purpose of the research was to understand the territorial dynamics of capital in the Cerrado of Goiás and its impacts on the permanence of men in the countryside and how this indirectly affected the existence, or not, of schools, as well as the Policy of the implementation and permanence of the rural school transport in Aporé-GO. Analyzes were carried out based on the historical, political and social processes of the closure of rural schools in the city and the impacts that this closure had had on the life of the school community, as well as on the policy of implantation and permanence of the program of rural school transport in the city. The study was guided by the following specific goals: a) To identify the transformations that occurred in the Cerrado of Goiás, from the 1930 onwards, in the political, economic and social scope that were decisive for the decrease of its biome population; b) To analyze the historical process of the man's struggle in the countryside, as well as the current legislation that aimed to re-establish and strengthen the policies and programs to help the life and permanence of the rural man in the countryside; c) and to contrast the process of closing schools in the countryside in Brazil and in Aporé-GO, pointing out the factors that contributed to the policies of dismissal and displacement of students by rural school transport. The investigation was methodologically based on the documentary bibliographical research, subsidized by the technique of interview and the method of data analysis used was the Historical-dialectical Materialism. As a result, we seek to understand how social, economic and political factors paved the way to favor the interests of the new world politics, such as the strengthening of mechanization and the exploitation of the Cerrado biome, which culminated in a new model of exploration of the Brazilian countryside, in which there is no space for schools in the countryside, as it has become a space for displacement and appropriation of the capitalist under neoliberal hegemony.
Músculos respiratórios, músculos esqueléticos e capacidade funcional de pacientes críticos - métodos de avaliação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Guerra, Jorge Luis; Vianna, Jacqueline Rodrigues de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7998465351572654; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2459434608422937
Introduction: Patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) in the ICU have acquired muscle weakness. Therefore, the transition from MV to spontaneous breathing should be initiated as soon as possible, and it is important to establish appropriate weaning strategies. The objective is to compare two methods of measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in patients on MV and to correlate with skeletal muscle strength assessed by the handgrip dynamometer and the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, functional capacity by the Perme (PE) scale and to determine whether grip strength is correlated with MRC and PE at extubation and ICU discharge. Methods: Study conducted in the ICU with patients ≥18 years, after 48 hours of MV, randomized in methods of measurement of MIP: with manometer coupled to the unidirectional valve (MIP-OWV) and MV method (MIP-VM). Results: 32 patients evaluated by MIP-OWV and MIP-VM. There was no significant difference in the MIP methods, and a positive correlation was found between MIP-OWV and MIP-VM (r=0.693, p<0.05). There was a moderate correlation between grip strength and the MRC scale at extubation and discharge, and no correlation was found between grip strength and PE score at extubation or discharge. Conclusion: No significant differences were found in the measurements of MIP-OWV and MIP-VM, the two methods were positively correlated. These measurements did not correlate with skeletal muscle strength and functional capacity. Grip strength correlated with skeletal muscle strength, but not with functional capacity. However, a positive correlation was found between MRC and PE in the discharge of the patients.
O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV) no Brasil: desafios e potencialidades de sua aplicação no Município de São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Santilli, Caio Arantes; Peres, Renata Bovo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1650838755494098
The National Urban Policy, consolidated by Federal Act 10.257/2001, called City Statute, based on basic principles of the social function of the city and property and on the central objective of a socially fair and environmentally balanced city, still has poorly implemented and studied instruments, even after more than 20 years of its enactment. One of these is the neighbourhood impact study (NIS), considered an instrument of urban environmental planning and democratization of urban management. The NIS still faces many challenges to its implementation by municipalities. Such challenges are more aggravated in a context of neoliberal inflection of public policies, which also ends up weakening the City Statute completely. This research aims to propose subsidies and improvements regarding the implementation of the NIS in the municipality of São Carlos (SP), looking for optimize the role of this instrument within the municipal licensing process. To this end, a Systematic Bibliographic Review (SBR) was carried out, to outline an overview of the scientific literature on NIS in Brazil. The result of the SBR allowed us to point out reference authors, the types of publications and events in which the NIS is the focus of research. A total of 161 references studies on NIS were identified, 54 of which highlight implementation challenges, and 72 that present possibilities for improving the instrument. Subsequently, the regulatory trajectory of NIS was evaluated in São Carlos (SP), using a qualitative analysis of the legal documents regarding the instrument in the municipality. The results showed that legislation has matured in terms of meeting criteria that aim to achieve the principles of NIS, although a specific law has not yet been approved. At last, the role played by the NIS in licensing processes for land subdivision undertakings for housing purposes in São Carlos was analyzed. An analysis was made of 13 administrative processes, out of a total of 33 selected, which resulted in the approval of these projects, whose decree was published between 2006 and 2018. The functions identified in the analyzes were divided into two groups: 1) urban licensing process support tool and 2) democratic management support tool. The first was performed in four analyzed processes, while the second was observed in two. In addition to the role played by the instrument, the main challenges were identified, and related to possible improvement measures. The weak regulation of the instrument was identified as the main challenge, which can be overcome through the elaboration of appropriate specific legislation. Another challenge is the scarcity of conclusive technical reports. This challenge can be overcome with the provision of a Term of Reference, the definition of basic criteria and general guidelines, which will also contribute to clarifying the different conditioning measures applied to the approval of projects. The precarious popular participation found in the analyzed processes can be improved through the regulation of public hearings and wide publicity of documents and processes.
Aplicação do modelo InVEST para qualidade de habitat na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão da Ponta Alta, Itapetininga-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Takaku, Leonardo Yuri Raggio Barbara; Anjinho, Phelipe da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2460723731078507; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-0019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2754043236409405
Over time, it became of great interest to understand and monitor human activities in order to prevent them from bringing more impacts to the natural environment. For this, instruments and analysis tools began to be developed and have great potential to assist decision-making in many different situations. In this work, the InVEST habitat quality model was applied in the Ribeirão da Ponta Alta watershed, in Itapetininga-SP, in order to verify the applicability of the model to generate results that allow a diagnosis of the conservation status of the habitats in the area. The land use and land cover data used were obtained through the Mapbiomas platform, and the analysis takes into account the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The analyzes were performed using ArcGIS 10.5 and InVEST 3.12.1 software. The results of this study demonstrate that over the years there has been a clear change in the pattern of use and occupation of the watershed, a decline in the quality of habitats, an increase in the rarity of habitats and maintenance of the level of degradation in the area, which was low in all years. Through this study, it was possible to affirm the potential of using the InVEST habitat quality model for diagnosing areas in order to support actions and decision-making focused on conservation. However, the importance of further studies being developed and the use of adequate input data is highlighted.
Identificação e clonagem de genes espécie-específicos de Leishmania infantum para expressão piloto de proteínas recombinantes com potencial para o diagnóstico de Leishmaniose Visceral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Steffler, Joselma Maria Dias; Maruyama, Sandra Regina Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5719754923228879; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8174795739006798
Leishmaniasis is a public health problem observed in several countries, being considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) one of the 10 neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by Leishmania parasites that affect both humans and animals. Leishmaniasis has three clinical manifestations, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (MCL) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), the latter is the most severe form of the disease. The symptomatology of VL is nonspecific and includes fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, diarrhea, weight loss and pale mucous membranes. Early diagnosis decreases VL morbidity and mortality rates, which can reach up to 90% if left untreated. Its diagnosis is done through the association of clinical signs, epidemiological aspects combined with parasitological and/or serological tests. A specific diagnostic test with high sensitivity is very important to avoid cross-reactions with other infectious and parasitic diseases with similar symptoms. Considering that current serological tests present variable effectiveness, studies to reach a more accurate diagnosis is necessary. This precision can be achieved using antigens that provide specificity in parasite detection. Thus, the aim of this study were to perform in silico predictions of potential antigens by searching species-specific genes in genome of Leishmania infantum using Bioinformatics tools, such as BLAST/NCBI, BepiPred, UniProt, CDD and AlphaFold. The most promising candidate genes obtained in the in silico analysis step were isolated from the genome of HUUFS14 L. infantum strain, cloned in pET28a vector and expressed as recombinant protein in bacterial system (Escherichia coli). Afterwards, three genes of interest, LINF_070006600, LINF_310021300 and LINF_310031700 were submitted to recombinant protein expression test. The products of these genes are hypothetical proteins and unknow function, with a molecular weight of 14, 15 and 36 kDa respectively. Possibly, they act in the extracellular environment, because the presence of a signal peptide (LINF_070006600) and a transmembrane domain site (LINF_310021300 and LINF_310031700) were identified. Only the expression of the LINF0700 recombinant protein was observed, but with a size above the expected. This work was important for identifying genes exclusive to L. infantum, and the expressed recombinant protein could be used in future studies to evaluate new antigens for serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e genética da comunidade zooplanctônica do Reservatório do Lobo (Broa, SP-Brasil), em diferentes escalas temporais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Paina, Karime de Araujo; Neves, Gilmar Perbiche; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7499230397814853; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-2703; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8411-5088; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6075091837752015; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-3818
Nowadays, concerns about various aspects of environmental issues have become very frequent, especially those related to climate change. In this sense, studying and measuring the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems is, without a doubt, one of the many ways we can think and act in favor of environmental conservation. Freshwater aquatic ecosystems, environments of great importance for the maintenance of our planet, have suffered the consequences of human activities in recent decades. Among these environments, reservoirs, especially, deserve to be highlighted, as they play an important role in terms of impacts on local biodiversity and benefits to the human species in several ways. In this work, we sought to analyze how climate change can impact aquatic ecosystems, especially affecting zooplankton communities, through the study of a tropical reservoir in southeastern Brazil. We carried out a historical analysis of the last five decades to verify how recent climate changes have impacted the dynamics of these communities over the years. Also, focusing on these important groups that are close to the base of the trophic chain, we sought to analyze and measure the diversity of these organisms through attributes and functional analyses. To characterize the zooplankton community, we sought to classify the three most important groups – Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda – using molecular tools. Collections of the zooplankton community were carried out monthly for a period of two years, from May 2019 to April 2021, in the Lobo-Broa Reservoir. The data collected during this period, along with recent studies, were grouped with those of the historical survey of the last fifty years, that is, since the beginning of study activities in this environment. For diversity analyses, the zooplankton species were characterized according to their functional attributes and grouped based on their functionality in the ecosystem, among Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda. For a greater understanding of the entire zooplankton community, based on molecular analyses, the DNA of each species was extracted and sequenced for analysis of the COI molecular marker – barcoding, to build a library of molecular data for zooplankton, as this information is still scarce for Brazilian aquatic environments.
Classificação preditiva de fases para ligas multicomponentes CrCoFeMnNi utilizando machine learning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Santos, Kayque; Oliveira, Pedro Henrique Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6906616294534939; Coury, Francisco Gil; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730
When we refer to multicomponent alloys, or high entropy alloys as they are commonly called, it is inevitable to discuss the challenge of exploring new compositions that may be of scientific interest. This difficulty is related to a range of possible compositions, given the amount of different elements and their percentages that can be combined to originate new materials. Since its discovery, alternative methods have been studied to try to predict some characteristics of these alloys without the need to experimentally produce them, or to use empirical methods, this, in addition to saving time, can optimize resources and makes it economically more feasible to investigate a greater number of combinations, until a material is reached that justifies its manufacture for further analysis. Among the existing ways to carry out this exploration, we can highlight methods based on the functional theory of density, or even thermodynamic simulations, which can use different methods, such as CALPHAD, which uses the Gibbs energy functions. However, these are methods that still have relatively long development cycles. Based on this, this work is intended to use science guided by big data, more specifically machine learning, where from a database, originated through thermodynamic simulation, using CALPHAD as a method, three different algorithms to predictively classify phases in multicomponent alloys, formed by the elements nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co). This classification consists of predicting whether a given composition at a constant temperature of 1000ºC presents a face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic and sigma structure as a phase, or whether none of these are present and are grouped under “others”. With that, through a database with 1000 different compositions, it was possible to carry out supervised training of three different types of algorithms, where, after properly trained and optimized, they performed the classification of about 494 new combinations that did not exist in the initial base. As a result, an accuracy of 91.72% was reached for the decision tree algorithm, 94.95% for the k-nearest neighbors and 96.36% for the support vector machine.
A política nacional de desenvolvimento regional na era da financeirização - reflexos de uma coalizão entre estado e mercado: apontamentos a partir do fundo de desenvolvimento da amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-16) Botelho, Matheus Anderson; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-0129; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6341618832209322; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-5892
The present work seeks, to contribute to studies on Regional Development with emphasis on approaches typical of Political Science, Economic Sociology and Finance. To this end, we highlight the trajectory of both studies and policies on regional development in Brazil, which date back to the end of the 1950s, based on the contributions of CEPAL structuralism and the formulations of the Grupo de Trabalho para o Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (GTDN) led by Celso Furtado. Although the Amazônia already had an institutional framework for regional development, such as the Banco de Crédito da Borracha and the Superintendência de Valorização Econômica da Amazônia (SPVEA), it was only after the creation of the Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE) that regional development policies in Brazil started to be, in a certain way, integrated. What we seek in this paper is to analyze the possible existence of a correlation between regional development, especially in the Amazônia, and the phenomenon of financialization, considered by some of the literature as a symptom of neoliberalism. To this end, we will focus on one of the instruments of the PNDR, the Fundo de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (FDA), managed by the Superintendêbncia de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia (SUDAM) in collaboration, above all, with the Banco da Amazônia (BASA). For this analysis we will dedicate ourselves specifically to one of the major undertakings financed by the fund. The case in question presents specificities that raise the hypothesis that there is a deep relationship between financialization and regional development in Brazil, at least in recent years such as the logic behind the financing of the FDA, as well as the way in which the operating company responsible for the construction, maintenance and management of the plant is set up: a holding company composed of public and private capital.