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Testes funcionais como marcadores de severidade e prognóstico de mortalidade em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-22)
Dourado, Izadora Moraes
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Araújo, Adriana Sanches Garcia de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0104886088821769
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
This dissertation consisted of 2 studies that will be described below: Study I, entitled “Is the six-minute step test able to reflect the severity and symptoms based on the CAT score? aimed to evaluate 1) whether the six-minute step test is associated with the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) scores and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1); and 2) compare induced physical exercise considering different severities based on CAT scores. This is a cross-sectional study in which 59 patients with COPD were evaluated. The groups were stratified according to the following cutoff points: CAT <10 (little impact) n= 22; CAT 11-20 (moderate impact) n=20; CAT <20 (great impact) n=17. During the 6-minute step test (TD6) the individuals were instructed to go up and down a single step with a height of 20 centimeters (cm). Comparing the groups in terms of performance on the 6MWT, the number of climbs on the step was significantly higher in the CAT <10 group when compared to the CAT >20 group, the HR variation between rest and peak exercise (∆ HRpeak - rest) was lower in the CAT>20 group compared to the CAT<10 group and the CAT 11-20 group. We found direct relationships between the number of ascents and descents on the 6MWT vs the CAT score (r=0.35, p=0.007); and TD6 vs degree of obstruction %FEV1 (r-0.46, p=0.002) We found a linear regression model in which FEV1 (L) and CAT score influenced 29% of the TD6 performance. Therefore, the six-minute step test may provide a valid measure of health status in COPD patients with mild to moderate degrees of obstruction based on the CAT score, which also reflects symptom severity as determined by lung function %FEV1 and FEV1 (L). In addition, the severity of COPD represented by FEV1 and the CAT score influenced the performance of the 6-minute step test by 29%. Our findings may have important implications for the clinical evaluation of these patients, as well as for rehabilitation programs. Study II, entitled “Distance covered in the six-minute walk test in patients with COPD as a predictor of mortality”, aimed to: 1) evaluate the functional capacity through the 6MWT considering the performance obtained in three quartiles of distance walked ( good/moderate/poor) in a larger sample of patients with different degrees of obstruction (mild, moderate, severe and very severe); 2) to verify their impact as predictors of survival in a 24-month follow-up in patients with COPD. This is a 24-month cohort, in which 118 patients with COPD were evaluated. The groups were stratified according to the distance covered in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) as follows: group 1, 6MWT (mean 485-371m); 39 in group 2, 6MWD (mean 370-260m); 40 patients in group 3, 6MWD (mean >259m). Subjects were instructed and encouraged (to walk as far as possible in 6 minutes. We found that more severe patients, as expected, had worse performance in the 6MWT (P<0.05). The CAT questionnaire score was higher for the group 3 had the worst performance in the 6MWT, this score being compatible with more symptomatic and more limited patients. Group 3 (<259m) had the worst performance, mostly composed of individuals classified as severe and very severe by the criteria of the GOLD (p<0.001) and also had higher CAT scores and, consequently, worse clinical impact of COPD (p<0.001). Among the correlations obtained, performance in the 6MWT was associated with higher CAT scores (R= -0.344 , p<0.001) FEV1 was positively correlated with 6MWT performance (R=0.319 and p=0.001). m, were those with the lowest probability of survival, long rank: p=0.001. However, our findings showed that the distance covered in the 6MWT has a predictive value of two-year mortality, even considering a wide spectrum of COPD severity. The worst performance in the 6MWT is associated with greater desaturation, worse HR recovery and more symptoms during physical exercise. Distance walked was also closely associated with greater disease severity and worse CAT scores.
Avaliação da performance de diferentes fontes de nitrogênio na produtividade e nutrição de citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23)
Devite, Gustavo Trevizan
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Schinor, Evandro Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2162760988837984
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1279663644305822
According to the source used, nitrogen fertilization alters the dynamics of the soil and its nutrients, which may cause acidification and exposure to the loss of basic cations. Orange trees have a high demand for these cations, such as calcium (Ca) for the leaves, a nutrient that can be easily leached with soil acidification. To evaluate the dynamics of nitrogen sources in orange production, this work was carried out in a commercial orchard with the Natal variety in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo/SP, allowing the comparison of ammonium nitrate (NA) and calcium nitrate (NC) for leaf and flower nutrition, fruit quality, productivity (2022-2023 harvest) and physicochemical soil data. The sources were fertirrigated at a dose of 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, either alone (NA and NC) or in a mixture (NA+NC), the presence or absence of foliar fertilization with NC at a dose of 40 kg ha-1 of N. Each treatment was carried out in 8 repetitions of 25 plants, for each occurrence of foliar application. Data were analyzed in RStudio and means were analyzed for variance analysis and compared using Tukey's test at a 5% significance level. The treatment with NA + NC was the one that stood out the most among the analyzed results, with greater productivity and greater absorption of Ca in the leaves and flowers close to the NC. The NA + NC and NA treatments, both with a foliar application, were the ones that obtained the best results for Ca concentration and a sum of bases (SB) for the soil surface (layer 0-20 cm). For fruit quality, the results between treatments did not differ statistically.
Metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem no Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI): A percepção de professores de uma escola estadual em Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23)
Sartori, Érika Garcia
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Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1277146429958946
Active teaching and learning methodologies are being studied and widely disseminated as educational practices that seek to build meaningful and innovative learning for students. In the midst of perceived changes in society, the school also seeks to innovate in its methodologies and propose pedagogical practices that provide students with autonomy, responsibility, cooperation, among other skills necessary for the new social scenario. Based on these premises, this research aims to identify the perceptions of teachers regarding the use of active methodologies in the Integral Teaching Program (PEI), as well as the methodologies are innovative, this program is also a new teaching model and seeks to develop protagonists and autonomous students. In this search, the research methodology used was quantitative and qualitative, at the beginning some investigations and documental analyzes of the PEI were necessary, later, narrative interviews were carried out so that the teachers working in the PEI could discuss their experiences and perceptions and, in the last step, a comparative analysis with the results of the participating school in the research at SARESP and the notes of the interviewed teachers. In the narrative interviews, the teachers reported about the confluence of their trajectories with the active methodologies, how they have observed the students' learning about the use of these differentiated methodologies, the difficulties and potentialities perceived throughout this process, the influence of the active methodologies on the external results that the school is evaluated and, lastly, the outstanding experiences with these innovative educational practices. The results have shown that there is a deficiency in continued formation education for teachers to be able to use these methodologies in an adequate, safe and efficient way, as in some moments of the narrative interviews the teachers demonstrated that they believe in the potential of active methodologies, but there is insecurity to use them. On the other hand, the quantitative results of the students in the SARESP external evaluation were not affected by the use of active methodologies and still showed a satisfactory evolution. This fact is directly linked to the perceptions demonstrated in the teachers narrative interviews, in which they reported the positive contribution of the active methodologies in the process of teaching and learning.
Avaliação da fermentação alcoólica extrativa em diferentes temperaturas com remoção de etanol por arraste com CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23)
Veloso, Ivan Ilich Kerbauy
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
By reducing the fermentation temperature, the inhibitory effect of ethanol is also reduced, resulting in wines with higher ethanol contents, but with a significant decrease in ethanol productivity, due to the negative effect of temperature on fermentation kinetics. Another option for overcoming product inhibition is to remove part of the ethanol from the fermentation broth as it is produced, using CO2 stripping, which increases ethanol productivity and allows the feeding of more concentrated musts. Combining the two process strategies, the present work evaluated extractive fed-batch ethanol fermentation with the removal of ethanol by CO2 at temperatures of 28, 30, 32, and 34 °C. Firstly, a study was carried out to determine the influence of temperature on ethanol fermentation, using monitoring by mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR). Next, a mass balance of fed-batch ethanol fermentation with high cell density (HCD) was performed, considering the volume of cells (intrinsic modeling). Using a mixed kinetic model of cell growth, considering the inhibitions by substrate, product, and cells, evaluation was made of the effects of different cell concentrations on the kinetics of ethanol fermentation at different temperatures and with high substrate concentration in the must (VHG). Subsequently, a thermal analysis of the extractive fermentation was conducted at different temperatures, using simulations to find the gas flow rate that resulted in the best saving of water used for temperature control. Finally, extractive fermentation at different temperatures was optimized in terms of ethanol productivity. The monitoring of ethanol fermentation by FT-MIR showed excellent performance since it minimized the interference of temperature in the spectral bands when using calibration models with spectra acquired at different temperatures. The FT-MIR technique was essential for decision-making in extractive fermentations, including determination of the exact moment to start stripping, and productivity calculations. The developed intrinsic modeling improved substrate prediction, especially under VHG conditions. Fermentations at different cell concentrations were modeled and the parameter that reflected cell inhibition was correlated with the cell concentration in the inoculum and with temperature. The experimental validation of the optimal condition for water reduction by temperature control resulted in 61.9% water saving and a total ethanol content of 15.2 °GL for HCD and VHG extractive fermentation at 28 °C. Regarding the optimization of the process in terms of ethanol production, the extractive fermentation at 28 °C resulted in 142.1 g L-1 (18 °GL) of ethanol and high volumetric ethanol productivity of 9.6 g L-1 h-1. Furthermore, a high concentration of ethanol in the wine (14 °GL) was obtained, since less ethanol was removed by CO2 at lower temperatures. Therefore, the strategy of using stripping in ethanol fermentations at low temperatures proved to be promising, resulting in high ethanol productivity and providing environmental and economic advantages including water savings and other benefits from obtaining wines with high ethanol content, such as reduction of steam in distillation, reduction in the volume of vinasse generated, and other savings for inputs such as antibiotics and sulfuric acid related to bacterial contamination, contributing to cost reduction in the ethanol production process.
Impacto do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 nos desfechos desfavoráveis de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23)
Aguilar, Rodrigo Santos
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Roscani, Meliza Goi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2283750105472718
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-8110
Background: Diabetes mellitus-2 (DM-2) is as an important risk factor for complications and death in COVID-19 patients. The real impact of diabetes on the total length of hospital stay and in intensive care is not yet well established in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the real impact of DM-2 on the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods: Prospective cohort study in 214 consecutive hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 divided in 55 Diabete-Mellitus-2 (DM) and 159 non-Diabetic (ND) patients. They underwent clinical evaluation, laboratory tests on hospital admission and they were followed-up in order to investigate clinical outcomes, such as: length of stay in the hospital, necessity for and length of stay in the ICU and/or death. Results: Diabetic patients had a prolonged length stay in ICU compared to ND (16[7-24]; 6[6-12]; p=0.01, respectively), with no difference in total length of stay in the hospital (p=0.41) and death between groups (p= 0.41). There was a significant difference in Kaplan-Meyer curves considering the presence of DM-2, adjusted for age, considering the length of stay in the ICU. (HR=1.7; CI:1.03-2.81; p=0.01). Conclusion: The presence of DM-2 was considered a predictor of prolonged length of stay in ICU in COVID-19 patients. Individualized strategies should be implemented in these patients to minimize clinical outcomes.
Análise da influência da texturização superficial em mancais hidrodinâmicos radiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23)
Nogueirão, Luiz Fellipe
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Watanabe, Flávio Yukio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6492641614740181
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5083911710557556
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-1168
The use of textured surfaces can be observed in several applications where an improvement of a certain characteristic of the product or process is sought, with the aim of changing the conditions of friction, wear, and lubricant. When it comes to hydrodynamic radial bearings, one way to analyze the involved tribological parameters is through the Reynolds equation. A literature review is conducted to identify static analysis methods for textured hydrodynamic radial bearings. A correlation between the types of boundary conditions is conducted with considerations regarding the phenomenon of cavitation, which proves to be necessary to be included in the analysis of textured bearings. The correlation is consistent with historical progress, which starts with conditions that do not include cavitation effects (Half-Sommerfeld/Gümbel conditions); evolving to conditions that included cavitation effects, but in an exaggerated way by not considering the conservation of mass in the oil film (Reynold’s/Swift-Stieber conditions); and finally resulting in the cavitation theory, which considers the conservation of mass, of Jakobsson-Flober-Olsson (JFO). A computational program capable of analyzing the influence of texturing in radial hydrodynamic bearings is elaborated, considering the effects of cavitation with conservation of mass. The routine is validated with results from the literature and commercial software. The limitation in the discretization of textures as a function of the applied mesh size is analyzed. Finally, a series of analyzes are conducted with different cases of distribution of textures on the bearing. It is concluded that texturing can be satisfactory or harmful to the load capacity of the bearing, depending on the textured region. The texturing of the bearing in the central region shows on all cases harmful, while texturing in the converging and diverging regions of the pressure field can bring higher values for the load capacity.
Método de avaliação da vida útil de ferramenta de corte em fresagem realizada por robô em material composto a partir da medição de vibrações mecânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23)
Savazzi, José Otávio
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Barbosa, Gustavo Franco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027686840017498
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
The development of materials and methods used in the aircraft manufacturing industry has been advancing to provide a reliable and mainly lighter aircraft. The use of composite materials becomes essential, however, the processing of this type of material must be studied to obtain the highest manufacturing efficiency and the best product quality. Presently, process control and monitoring tools are integrated into Industry 4.0 concepts such as the internet of things, cloud computing, digital twins and others. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the capability of a system assembled with low-cost instrumentation to monitor and report on the state of the tools used in the machining of composite materials with robotic manipulators. This task is carried out based on the analysis of the mechanical vibrations of the motor and cutting tool assembly, thus aiming to reduce waste and guarantee the quality and surface integrity of the finished parts. Process self-awareness is enhanced by combining signal processing algorithms and statistical techniques to aid in constant monitoring of tool wear. In this sense, a digital model is constantly updated to optimize the cutting process.
Identificação molecular de biótipos b e q de mosca-branca (Bemisia tabaci) em lavouras de soja das principais regiões produtoras do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Ecker, Gustav Bruno
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Mathioni, Sandra Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4884632518233872
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-4108
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Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de
Brazil is the major soybean producer in the world and one of the main insect pests, causing major economic losses is Bemisia tabaci, commonly known as whitefly. This pest causes damages which are related to its feeding on the phloem and transmission of virotic diseases. The whitefly is classified in biotypes, which are individuals morphologically identical but molecularly distinct. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate B. tabaci B and Q biotypes in the main soybean growing regions in Brazil using PCR-specific primers for each biotype. To this end, 122 whiteflies populations were collected, and 2,928 individuals were analyzed during 2020, 2021 and 2022 soybean seasons. These populations were collected from seven Brazilian states: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Paraná. The B biotype was predominant in all sampled soybean fields. The Q biotype was identified only in the Mato Grosso do Sul (2 individuals), Minas Gerais (3 individuals), and Paraná (5 individuals). To our knowledge, this is the first time the Q biotype is identified in soybean in the Mato Grosso do Sul state.
Efeitos do programa AD-HOMEX nas funções cognitivas, no controle postural e desempenho funcional de idosos com doença de Alzheimer: um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Gomes, Wildja de Lima
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Andrade, Larissa Pires de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5314642730840898
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative, progressive and irreversible preparation. Physical exercise contributes to neuronal neuroplasticity and induction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, in addition to improving balance, strength and the number of falls. No studies were found in Brazil that investigated the effect of physical exercise in the home environment with a rigorous study design using home training. Therefore, this thesis comprised three studies. The first aimed to carry out a systematic review to analyze the effect of physical exercise at home on cognitive functions, mobility and muscle strength in elderly people with Alzheimer's. Note that the quality is moderate and the strength of current clinical evidence is low. Thus, there is a need for better designed, randomized, blinded clinical trials, supervised by trained professionals and involving instruments adapted for this population. The study was the basis for the development of a randomized and controlled clinical trial that resulted in two more studies, named as the second and third study in this thesis. The second study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the Home-Based Multimodal Exercise Program (AD-HOMEX) for the improvement of cognitive components and level of physical activity in elderly people with AD. The third study aimed to verify the effectiveness of AD-HOMEX in postural control and functional performance of elderly people with AD. Participants were recruited through a university database, posters and local media. Eligible for this study were 159 elderly people admitted to screening for the clinical diagnosis of AD through the diagnostic criteria, cleared for physical activity and level of disease impairment. Elderly people living in the community, with a clinical diagnosis of AD, able to walk at least 10 meters alone, with a medical certificate with permission to perform physical exercises were included. Cognitive assessment was performed using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, Frontal Assessment Battery, Trail making Test, Clock Drawing Test, postural control was assessed using the force platform and functional performance was assessed using the Short Physical physical assessment instruments Performance Battery, Foot Eight Walking functional range test and Walking trail making test. Results: The elderly who participated in the AD-HOMEX showed improvement in the cognitive domains of memory, verbal fluency, language and visual-spatial skills and an improvement in the level of physical activity, when compared to the elderly in the control group. However, diversity between groups and moments for the variables of postural control and functional performance were not met. Conclusion: Although the AD-HOMEX program did not generate changes in postural control and functional performance, home training provides advantages for the user and caregivers as it reduces time and expenses with displacement, the elderly with AD remains physically active in a systematic way under the supervision of the AD-HOMEX program. supervision of a professional and the family environment decreases behavioral behavior and spatial disorientation
Quantificação de danos e perdas causados pela giberela do trigo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Nunes, Johan Filipe Lima
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Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1007973525682276
The culture of wheat is of great importance to Brazil and the world. Wheat productivity can be affected by several factors, with diseases playing a major role Among the diseases, giberella stands out (Fusarium graminearum), that can not only lead to reduced yields but can also greatly affect grain quality due to the production of mycotoxins, which represent an enormous risk to human and animal health. The management of the disease is an enormous challenge for the world's triticulture, and is normally done using fungicides, cultivars with a certain level of resistance to the disease and cultural management practices. However, there are costs associated with the use of each management strategy. There is still a lack of scientific information on the damage (reduction in yield quantity and/or quality) and losses (reduction in financial return due to disease) caused by the disease under different management strategies. The aim of this work was to quantify the damage and losses caused by the disease in 8 management strategies (involving genetic resistance, application or not of fungicide and use or not of silicium (in the form of potassium silicate), under irrigated and rainfed cultivation conditions. The analysis involved the determination of wheat yield, total crop costs, and cost-effectiveness. Planting wheat with irrigation provided the best overall performance. The best cost-effective management of Fusarium graminearum was obtained by integrating the cultivar LG ORO with fungicide application, which provided a 30.77% reduction in disease incidence, a 20% increase in productivity, and a positive balance of R$ 7.319,66 over the control treatment. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that the choice of Fusarium graminearum management strategy affects the cost of production, making a cost-effective analysis necessary to decide on the best strategy to be adopted. Determining the damage and losses caused by the disease under different management strategies is a prerequisite for defining a rational strategy for economical management of Fusarium Head Blight in wheat.
Estudos in sı́lico de proteı́nas alostéricas e sua interação com ligantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Freire, Thales Souza
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0320608221793070
Allosteric proteins are extremely important for the regulation of several functions in the organism, such as the transport of molecules through the blood and cell membranes, as well as the phosphorylation of other proteins. In this context, the present work was divided into the study of three proteins: Abelson Tyrosine Kinase (Abl1), Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3). Each protein was studied separately, using computational simulation methods, such as Classical Molecular Dynamics and Molecular Docking. For Abl1 was studied the emergence of resistance to the drug dasatinib upon mutations. Here, three mutations were simulated with the Free Energy Perturbation method, where the difference in free energy variation between binding the inhibitor to the native and mutant form of the enzyme was calculated, obtaining a good agreement with experimental values. As for albumin, the change in conformation mediated by the interaction with medium-chain fatty acids was studied. In this case, the well- tempered Metadynamics method was used to facilitate the transition between states and obtain the path of minimum free energy between one state and another, the results were compatible with the experimental observations. As for FLT3, a study similar to that of Abl1 was initiated, for the drug gilteritinib, however the dynamics of this enzyme proved to be more complex than that of Abl1. As the theoretical results did not agree with the experimental values, it was decided to investigate the effect of mutations on the activation free energy profile, using Metadynamics with collective path variables. Such a tool made it possible to reveal the effect of mutations on the activation dynamics, where the resistance effect is partly due to a reduction in the enzyme activation barrier. In the three cases, pure molecular dynamics alone was not able to give the desired information, making it necessary to resort to enhanced sampling methods, such as free energy perturbation and metadynamics, which showed to be efficient for the treated cases.
Identificação de polimorfismos no gene APOE em pessoas idosas com queixas cognitivas da cidade de São Carlos, SP- Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Rozendo, Fernanda Carolina
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
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Vale, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7135183635933470
The increasing aging of the world's population has resulted in a significant increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, including those that cause dementia. The complaint of memory loss in the elderly may initially manifest as (i) subjective cognitive decline (SCD) or as (ii) mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for more than half of all cases of dementias. There are several genetic risk factors associated with AD, with the polymorphism found in the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene being one of the most studied. In this study with a sample of 25 elderly with cognitive complaints from the city of São Carlos-SP (7 with AD and 18 with cognitive complaints without dementia), we sought to identify polymorphisms in the APOE gene that may be associated with the development of AD. Of the patients with AD, two presented the APOE4 isoform; in the group of patients with cognitive complaints without dementia these polymorphisms were not found. However, three of the people with cognitive complaints without dementia had other polymorphisms already described as rs769455 (n=2) and rs557715042 (n=1) in the APOE gene. There are few reports in the literature associating these last two polymorphisms with AD and none associated with cognitive complaints without dementia. Identification of these markers may contribute to early diagnosis and aid in the development of treatment strategies.
Aplicação de redes neurais para classificação de microinclusões de sulfeto de manganês em aços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Oliveira Filho, Marcos Fernando de
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Caradec, Pierre D Amelio Briquet
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
The factors that measure the influence of inclusions on steel properties are the distribution, morphology and size of inclusions. The standard used as a reference is ASTM E45, which explains the sample scanning method in order to analyze and classify inclusions in steels. Manual methods are the most used in laboratories and metallurgical companies because of their low cost, while automatic methods are characterized by high operating costs, which makes their use in industries difficult. Neural network models, on the other hand, are part of new technologies and are extremely advantageous for several applications. This Master's work was motivated by the use of a new methodology for classifying inclusions in steels using neural network models. The aim was to achieve the highest possible accuracy in classifying the severities of MnS inclusions using images captured from specimens processed in a laboratory of a metallurgical industry. The classification process by neural networks was validated through comparison with results obtained manually, showing higher accuracy and speed in decision making. The results also showed that the classification of severities with a smaller number of images in the database presented a lower accuracy. To understand the effectiveness of the neural network, the concept of confusion matrix was applied, which are comparative tables of the number of images that the neural network brought as a prediction of severities in relation to the actual manually classified values. The first test results were not positive, requiring a reclassification of all images in the database to reduce confusion in the neural network. After reclassification and application of the Dropout technique, the test results were superior to the previous ones. In conclusion, the training and validation accuracy results improved, making it possible to compare manual and automatic classification. In general, the neural network represented speed in decision making, proving to be a potential tool for the classification of inclusions.
Desenvolvimento de método baseado em espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por micro-ondas para quantificar silício em celulose do tipo kraft
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Rodrigues, Valdemir Antonio de Camargo
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9702434260717950
Cellulose is a material that is present in several products consumed by society on a daily basis, including textile, food, personal hygiene and paper products. The pulp industry moves billions of reais per year, generating thousands of direct and indirect jobs, and is therefore of great economic importance for the country. The pulp manufacturing process has been updated every year, in order to increase productivity with less environmental impact. Thus, new methods are needed to optimize the process and generate better results from your products. The objective of this work is to develop a new analysis method to quantify the silicon present in cellulose using spectroscopic techniques, aiming to optimize the dosage of the input that causes a large increase in this element, considering that this analysis is currently carried out by a laborious and slow method. The new method developed reduces the time of inorganic analysis and thus enables better control of the input with potential impact on production costs. Specifically, in this project, a method was developed to quantify the silicon present in cellulose samples using microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES), with the digestion of the samples performed by a microwave digester. The validation of the analytical method was carried out, aiming to guarantee the quality of reliable results in an analysis routine through its comparability and traceability. The study used magnesium silicate talc as a reference standard for evaluating the effectiveness of the digestion methodology for cellulose samples. The theoretical silicon oxide concentration value was 59.9% and 59.8% found in the laboratory, using the proposed method. The methodology was performed based on the parameters required by the INMETRO standard in DOC-CGRE-008, of August 2016, thus guaranteeing the quality and the accuracy of the results obtained. The results showed a gain in the response time of the silicon analysis with very close values between the developed method and the results of conventional analyses.
Professoras-pesquisadoras negras: modos de fazer e experienciar a intelectualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Martins, Pamela Barbosa
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Medeiros, Priscila Martins de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-8946
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726885872187396
This research has as its theme the intellectuality of black women, specifically, the understanding of intellectual developed in academia by black female professor-researchers who are part of the process of construction and consolidation of the Center for Afro-Brazilian Studies at the Federal University of São Carlos (NEAB/UFSCar). The general objective of this research is to identify which elements characterize the intellectuality built and experienced by black female professor-researchers of NEAB/UFSCar. Specifically, we sought to analyze the contributions of their intellectual work to the field of ethnic-racial relations; to understand their definitions of Black intellectuality; and to identify networks and connections of study and research established. In methodological terms, the research is based on the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011), and documentary research was conducted. The dissertation is divided into four chapters, in which we can verify the processes of continuity, expansion and complexification in relation to scientific production in the field of ethnic-racial relations. It was possible to observe how the creation and/or the performance of the interlocutors in study and research networks lead to a black intellectual experience focused on building a collective project that guarantees the promotion and the effective participation of black men and women researchers in the academic space.
Políticas de Estado versus Políticas de Governo: uma análise das parcerias público-privadas entre os anos 2010 a 2020 na rede municipal de ensino em Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Canizelli, Adriana Talita Gomes
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Marques, Sílvio César Moral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3991955261858843
Esta investigación surgió de la preocupación por los nuevos programas/proyectos presentados cada año escolar, sin que la efectividad de los contratos cuente con la participación de los profesores de la red ni evaluación para la continuidad de los programas/proyectos en curso. La presencia de alianzas público-privadas fue creciendo en la Red Municipal de Educación de Sorocaba/SP, de los años 2010 a 2020. A partir de esa preocupación, la investigación “Asociaciones público-privadas entre los años 2010 a 2020 en la red municipal de educación de Sorocaba /SP” que pretende responder: ¿cuáles arreglos sociopolíticos y económicos predominaron en las alianzas público-privadas en la red municipal de Sorocaba/SP en el período de 2010 a 2020 en relación a la educación? Porque si las medidas de reforma del Estado implementadas en el país a partir de la década de 1990 apuntan a un modelo neoliberal, entonces el modelo de enseñanza implementado prioriza las demandas del mercado y no el aprendizaje. Tiene como objetivo general conocer las alianzas entre la red municipal de Sorocaba/SP y los actores privados para la Política Educativa Dimensión de gestión, oferta y currículo para la educación básica. Sus objetivos específicos son: Conocer el Estado y la relación público-privada y sus consecuencias en la educación pública; Entendiendo la educación como un derecho en la historia de Brasil; Llevar a cabo una encuesta sobre el estado del conocimiento sobre la investigación relacionada con la privatización en y de la escuela pública; Realización de levantamiento del estado de conocimiento de las investigaciones que tratan sobre la privatización en y de la escuela pública en Sorocaba/SP. Así como investigar si hubo o no incidencia de actores privados en la red educativa en la última década; El objetivo general fue el tema de toda la investigación y los objetivos específicos se trabajaron a lo largo de los 7 capítulos. La Metodología fue la Investigación Bibliográfica (Estado de Conocimiento de las investigaciones que tratan de la privatización en y de la escuela pública, inclusive en la red municipal de Sorocaba/SP) y el Análisis Documental con las publicaciones oficiales del Jornal do Município de Sorocaba, de la Secretaría de Educación y sitios web de actores privados sobre alianzas público-privadas en la red municipal de Sorocaba/SP. Los resultados mostraron que no existe un compromiso de establecer políticas estatales de largo plazo. No hay una evaluación de los programas/proyectos en curso, ya que se priorizan las demandas del mercado en lugar del aprendizaje.
Significados do papel do enfermeiro no contexto do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial infantojuvenil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Leal, Taliane Machado de Oliveira
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Carlos, Diene Monique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4324893981363616
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-7350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4824065018097824
Mental health policies that include children and adolescents in Brazil are late. With the Psychiatric Reform and the implementation of specific policies in this area, there were evolutions regarding mental health care for children and adolescents, reaffirming that they are psychologicalactors and have rights. The Centers for Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care (CAPSij), references in mental health for children and adolescents, were regulated in 2002 and designed to receive and treat children and adolescents for psychosocial rehabilitation, built by a multidisciplinary team. However, there still are challenges to the nurse´s role and consequent performance understanding in this area. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the meaning attributed to the role of nurses in child and adolescent mental health care in the context of CAPSij. This is a qualitative research, anchored in the Complex Paradigm in its systemic and hologrammatic principles. Data collection was performed through individual semi-structured interviews, conducted via a free online platform with ten nurses from CAPSij in the state of São Paulo, from March to September, 2022. Data analysis was done by thematic analysis, emerging two final themes entitled "Complexity of care" and "Complexity of the role". The first theme brought up the diversity and specificity of the mental health clinic for children and adolescents, with the need to delineate an expanded, territorial, intersectorial, and interprofessional care. Potentialities were identified, but especially weaknesses for acting in this scenario, mainly due to a fragmented training in the area. The second theme showed the lack of understanding of the nurse's place in CAPSij, especially for the necessary transit between the nucleus and the field for the construction of actions. It brought the need for a reconstruction of being a nurse, to be possible the production of more inclusive and salutogenic practices and legitimacy of the nurse's role in this space. It reinforces the need to train nurses with adequate knowledge and skills to care for the mental health of children, adolescents, and their families. Furthermore, the urgency of continuing education for the teams working in CAPSij with management support is relevant.
Função cardíaca, modulação autonômica cardiovascular, oxigenação e complacência cerebral no diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com e sem neuropatia autonômica cardiovascular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Galdino, Gabriela Aguiar Mesquita
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Beltrame, Thomas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-0869
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complication, marked by changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system leading to high mortality. The degree of dynamic heart rate oscillations involvement with baroreflex control and cardiac function in the absence and presence of CAN is still scarce. Furthermore, the influence of CAN on cerebral and peripheral oxygenation, intracranial compliance and the relationship with cardiac function remain unknown. Thus, this thesis consisted of a systematic review and three cross-sectional studies, with the aim of elucidating aspects of the influence of diabetes with and without CAN on heart rate fragmentation (HRF) and its relationship with cardiovascular autonomic modulation and cardiac function. Furthermore, to explore oxygenation and intracranial compliance responses in CAN and cardiometabolic diseases in the face of physiological stressors (cardiopulmonary testing and active postural change, APC). The study I, entitled: “Heart rate fragmentation is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus” retrospectively evaluated whether T2DM without CAN increase the HRF and what is the relationship with classical heart rate variability (HRV) indices. The results suggest that T2DM subjects without CAN have increased HRF compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the HRF was complementary to the HRV indices. The study II, entitled: “Heart rate fragmentation and its relationship with cardiovascular autonomic modulation and cardiac function in type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy”, evaluated whether CAN increase the HRF and what is the relationship with the cardiovascular autonomic modulation indices and the cardiac function. CAN increased the degree of HRF at rest, and the HRF indices allow obtaining complementary information to the indices of cardiovascular autonomic modulation and the left ventricular systolic function. The study III, entitled: “Cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiorespiratory disease: a systematic review,” summarized the acute cerebral oxygenation response during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory disease. During CPET, individuals with cardiovascular disease had reduced cerebral oxygenation and individuals with obstructive sleep apnea extracted less cerebral oxygen. A patter for metabolic diseases has not been established. The study IV, entitled: “Oxygenation and intracranial compliance and their relationship to cardiac function in type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy”, investigated whether CAN reduce oxygenation and compliance after APC and the relationship of cardiac function to this response. CAN reduce cerebral oxygen extraction and increase intracranial compliance in orthostatism. Also, relationships between lower diastolic function and inadequate glycemic control indicate a reduction in oxygen extraction and intracranial compliance in type 2 diabetes, baroreflex control, left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and responses of oxygenation and intracranial compliance. This reinforces the importance of early monitoring of individuals with T2DM in the disease progress.
Avaliação experimental e computacional da eficiência de separadores ciclônicos aplicados na coleta e concentração do minério de ferro proveniente de secagem convectiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Aguiar, Joao Gabriel Amaral
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Béttega, Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0761835687956067
Iron is closely related to the development of a country, being a key element in the production of various goods for daily use. One of the fundamental stages in its processing is the moisture content control. In this sense, the convective drying of iron ore generates the dragging of part of the particulate material, making necessary its recovery. In addition, the chemical composition of the iron ore is also an important factor, mainly associated to the reduction stage in the blast furnaces, linked to steel production. Cyclones are gas-solid separation equipment whose principle of action is based on the centrifugal force generated by the gas flow, inducing larger particles to be collected in the underflow and releasing the gas through the overflow, containing a fraction of the lighter material. In this way, this study sought to evaluate the efficiency of different configurations of cyclonic separators, acting as classifiers, seeking to evaluate the ore collection as well as its composition variation. Experimental data from iron ore characterization, separation tests carried out in a pilot unit and cyclone performance models found in the literature were used to evaluate three cyclonic separators in nine operational conditions. In addition, CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics – simulations were carried out to support the study. In this sense, simulations were carried out following the RANS methodology – Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes – coupling the RSM – Reynolds Stress Model – for the gaseous phase turbulence, together with the DPM – Discrete Phase Model – for insertion of the solid, being an Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation with extensive citation in the literature. Stationary simulations were performed using the Fluent software, belonging to the ANSYS Student 2022 R1 package. The results indicated good agreement of the dynamic parameters of the gaseous flow from CFD simulations and literature models. In addition, there was a certain degree of adhesion between the simulated collection efficiency results and those obtained through the correlations, indicating recovery of the material in the order of 90%, within the operational conditions evaluated, although with significant deviations of 14% to 44% in relation to experimental data. The effect of the inlet velocity and equipment geometry on the separator performance has been majorly proven. The mineral classification was also investigated through CFD, but with considerably deviations to the experimental results. In short, there was a strong tendency of iron ore recovery and a noticeable performance of the cyclones as classifying devices.
O cuidado e a saúde mental de LGBTQIA+: as contribuições da terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24)
Depole, Bárbara de Fátima
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Ferigato, Sabrina Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5911008362015146
Discussions about gender and sexualities have gained more and more space in the Brazilian media, with the growing visibility of LGBTQIA+ people produced by the social movement and the increase in hate crimes and violence against this population. This entailed individual and collective psychic suffering, highlighting the importance of investigating mental health care for this population group. The conflicts and psychic suffering that this population faces are the result of the context of a heteronormative society. Thus, promotion, prevention and mental health care actions can reduce these effects and produce changes in hegemonic practices. In the Brazilian context, there are still few studies on mental health as a field for dialogue with LGBTQIA+ population policies. In addition, the dialogues achieved by the Occupational Therapy nucleus in relation to LGBTQIA+, aiming to promote mental health care from a perspective of social emancipation and production of subjectivity, are insufficient. To fill this gap, we carried out this research with the objective of identifying and analyzing potentials and limiting the field of Mental Health and the Occupational Therapy Center for Mental Health care for LGBTQIA+. Methodologically, we started from a study of the research-intervention type, using the cartography method, carried out in 2 stages. In step 1, quantitative and qualitative data were produced through online classes (QOL) distributed among mental health professionals and in step 2, qualitative data were deepened through group interviews with occupational therapists. The analyzes were carried out using the Gaze Interpolation technique. The results of the data obtained via QOL were presented in 3 subgroups: characterization of the participants, unique mental health processes of LGBTQIA+ and experienced violence. The results of the focus group with occupational therapists were presented in 5 categories: (1) Field and nucleus of mental health, (2) specificities of the nucleus of occupational therapy, (3) mental health care, (4) training practices and scenes everyday. It is concluded that mental health professionals claim to have insufficient knowledge about LGBTQIA+ social and health policies and gaps in their training in this regard. Even so, they identify specificities of this population in terms of mental health needs, as well as the care offered, in deep dialogue with the psychic suffering produced in the experience of family, structural/institutional violence and in the difficulties uniquely faced in the different cycles of life. Occupational Therapy has the potential to offer significant contributions, as long as there is an open dialogue and a perspective that aims at social emancipation and the production of subjectivity, considering the experiences and challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ population in their daily lives, which are often related to the discrimination, stigma and social exclusion. An empathetic, critical, and inclusive approach can help create a safe and welcoming care environment for these people. Occupational Therapy can contribute by offering meaningful activities that help promote the mental health and well-being of the LGBTQIA+ population in their actions in the world. In addition, this Occupational Therapy care in the face of health and mental health demands can be directed towards the production of freer and emancipatory subjectivities, strengthening the powers of these subjects to individually and collectively resist the harmful effects of heteronormativity.