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Metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem no Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI): A percepção de professores de uma escola estadual em Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23) Sartori, Érika Garcia; Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1277146429958946
Active teaching and learning methodologies are being studied and widely disseminated as educational practices that seek to build meaningful and innovative learning for students. In the midst of perceived changes in society, the school also seeks to innovate in its methodologies and propose pedagogical practices that provide students with autonomy, responsibility, cooperation, among other skills necessary for the new social scenario. Based on these premises, this research aims to identify the perceptions of teachers regarding the use of active methodologies in the Integral Teaching Program (PEI), as well as the methodologies are innovative, this program is also a new teaching model and seeks to develop protagonists and autonomous students. In this search, the research methodology used was quantitative and qualitative, at the beginning some investigations and documental analyzes of the PEI were necessary, later, narrative interviews were carried out so that the teachers working in the PEI could discuss their experiences and perceptions and, in the last step, a comparative analysis with the results of the participating school in the research at SARESP and the notes of the interviewed teachers. In the narrative interviews, the teachers reported about the confluence of their trajectories with the active methodologies, how they have observed the students' learning about the use of these differentiated methodologies, the difficulties and potentialities perceived throughout this process, the influence of the active methodologies on the external results that the school is evaluated and, lastly, the outstanding experiences with these innovative educational practices. The results have shown that there is a deficiency in continued formation education for teachers to be able to use these methodologies in an adequate, safe and efficient way, as in some moments of the narrative interviews the teachers demonstrated that they believe in the potential of active methodologies, but there is insecurity to use them. On the other hand, the quantitative results of the students in the SARESP external evaluation were not affected by the use of active methodologies and still showed a satisfactory evolution. This fact is directly linked to the perceptions demonstrated in the teachers narrative interviews, in which they reported the positive contribution of the active methodologies in the process of teaching and learning.
Avaliação da performance de diferentes fontes de nitrogênio na produtividade e nutrição de citros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23) Devite, Gustavo Trevizan; Schinor, Evandro Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2162760988837984; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1279663644305822
According to the source used, nitrogen fertilization alters the dynamics of the soil and its nutrients, which may cause acidification and exposure to the loss of basic cations. Orange trees have a high demand for these cations, such as calcium (Ca) for the leaves, a nutrient that can be easily leached with soil acidification. To evaluate the dynamics of nitrogen sources in orange production, this work was carried out in a commercial orchard with the Natal variety in Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo/SP, allowing the comparison of ammonium nitrate (NA) and calcium nitrate (NC) for leaf and flower nutrition, fruit quality, productivity (2022-2023 harvest) and physicochemical soil data. The sources were fertirrigated at a dose of 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, either alone (NA and NC) or in a mixture (NA+NC), the presence or absence of foliar fertilization with NC at a dose of 40 kg ha-1 of N. Each treatment was carried out in 8 repetitions of 25 plants, for each occurrence of foliar application. Data were analyzed in RStudio and means were analyzed for variance analysis and compared using Tukey's test at a 5% significance level. The treatment with NA + NC was the one that stood out the most among the analyzed results, with greater productivity and greater absorption of Ca in the leaves and flowers close to the NC. The NA + NC and NA treatments, both with a foliar application, were the ones that obtained the best results for Ca concentration and a sum of bases (SB) for the soil surface (layer 0-20 cm). For fruit quality, the results between treatments did not differ statistically.
Análise da influência da texturização superficial em mancais hidrodinâmicos radiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23) Nogueirão, Luiz Fellipe; Watanabe, Flávio Yukio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6492641614740181; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5083911710557556; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-1168
The use of textured surfaces can be observed in several applications where an improvement of a certain characteristic of the product or process is sought, with the aim of changing the conditions of friction, wear, and lubricant. When it comes to hydrodynamic radial bearings, one way to analyze the involved tribological parameters is through the Reynolds equation. A literature review is conducted to identify static analysis methods for textured hydrodynamic radial bearings. A correlation between the types of boundary conditions is conducted with considerations regarding the phenomenon of cavitation, which proves to be necessary to be included in the analysis of textured bearings. The correlation is consistent with historical progress, which starts with conditions that do not include cavitation effects (Half-Sommerfeld/Gümbel conditions); evolving to conditions that included cavitation effects, but in an exaggerated way by not considering the conservation of mass in the oil film (Reynold’s/Swift-Stieber conditions); and finally resulting in the cavitation theory, which considers the conservation of mass, of Jakobsson-Flober-Olsson (JFO). A computational program capable of analyzing the influence of texturing in radial hydrodynamic bearings is elaborated, considering the effects of cavitation with conservation of mass. The routine is validated with results from the literature and commercial software. The limitation in the discretization of textures as a function of the applied mesh size is analyzed. Finally, a series of analyzes are conducted with different cases of distribution of textures on the bearing. It is concluded that texturing can be satisfactory or harmful to the load capacity of the bearing, depending on the textured region. The texturing of the bearing in the central region shows on all cases harmful, while texturing in the converging and diverging regions of the pressure field can bring higher values for the load capacity.
Método de avaliação da vida útil de ferramenta de corte em fresagem realizada por robô em material composto a partir da medição de vibrações mecânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23) Savazzi, José Otávio; Barbosa, Gustavo Franco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4027686840017498; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8545275183074573
The development of materials and methods used in the aircraft manufacturing industry has been advancing to provide a reliable and mainly lighter aircraft. The use of composite materials becomes essential, however, the processing of this type of material must be studied to obtain the highest manufacturing efficiency and the best product quality. Presently, process control and monitoring tools are integrated into Industry 4.0 concepts such as the internet of things, cloud computing, digital twins and others. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the capability of a system assembled with low-cost instrumentation to monitor and report on the state of the tools used in the machining of composite materials with robotic manipulators. This task is carried out based on the analysis of the mechanical vibrations of the motor and cutting tool assembly, thus aiming to reduce waste and guarantee the quality and surface integrity of the finished parts. Process self-awareness is enhanced by combining signal processing algorithms and statistical techniques to aid in constant monitoring of tool wear. In this sense, a digital model is constantly updated to optimize the cutting process.
Avaliação da fermentação alcoólica extrativa em diferentes temperaturas com remoção de etanol por arraste com CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23) Veloso, Ivan Ilich Kerbauy; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2710487912428155
By reducing the fermentation temperature, the inhibitory effect of ethanol is also reduced, resulting in wines with higher ethanol contents, but with a significant decrease in ethanol productivity, due to the negative effect of temperature on fermentation kinetics. Another option for overcoming product inhibition is to remove part of the ethanol from the fermentation broth as it is produced, using CO2 stripping, which increases ethanol productivity and allows the feeding of more concentrated musts. Combining the two process strategies, the present work evaluated extractive fed-batch ethanol fermentation with the removal of ethanol by CO2 at temperatures of 28, 30, 32, and 34 °C. Firstly, a study was carried out to determine the influence of temperature on ethanol fermentation, using monitoring by mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR). Next, a mass balance of fed-batch ethanol fermentation with high cell density (HCD) was performed, considering the volume of cells (intrinsic modeling). Using a mixed kinetic model of cell growth, considering the inhibitions by substrate, product, and cells, evaluation was made of the effects of different cell concentrations on the kinetics of ethanol fermentation at different temperatures and with high substrate concentration in the must (VHG). Subsequently, a thermal analysis of the extractive fermentation was conducted at different temperatures, using simulations to find the gas flow rate that resulted in the best saving of water used for temperature control. Finally, extractive fermentation at different temperatures was optimized in terms of ethanol productivity. The monitoring of ethanol fermentation by FT-MIR showed excellent performance since it minimized the interference of temperature in the spectral bands when using calibration models with spectra acquired at different temperatures. The FT-MIR technique was essential for decision-making in extractive fermentations, including determination of the exact moment to start stripping, and productivity calculations. The developed intrinsic modeling improved substrate prediction, especially under VHG conditions. Fermentations at different cell concentrations were modeled and the parameter that reflected cell inhibition was correlated with the cell concentration in the inoculum and with temperature. The experimental validation of the optimal condition for water reduction by temperature control resulted in 61.9% water saving and a total ethanol content of 15.2 °GL for HCD and VHG extractive fermentation at 28 °C. Regarding the optimization of the process in terms of ethanol production, the extractive fermentation at 28 °C resulted in 142.1 g L-1 (18 °GL) of ethanol and high volumetric ethanol productivity of 9.6 g L-1 h-1. Furthermore, a high concentration of ethanol in the wine (14 °GL) was obtained, since less ethanol was removed by CO2 at lower temperatures. Therefore, the strategy of using stripping in ethanol fermentations at low temperatures proved to be promising, resulting in high ethanol productivity and providing environmental and economic advantages including water savings and other benefits from obtaining wines with high ethanol content, such as reduction of steam in distillation, reduction in the volume of vinasse generated, and other savings for inputs such as antibiotics and sulfuric acid related to bacterial contamination, contributing to cost reduction in the ethanol production process.
Impacto do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 nos desfechos desfavoráveis de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-23) Aguilar, Rodrigo Santos; Roscani, Meliza Goi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2283750105472718; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-8110
Background: Diabetes mellitus-2 (DM-2) is as an important risk factor for complications and death in COVID-19 patients. The real impact of diabetes on the total length of hospital stay and in intensive care is not yet well established in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the real impact of DM-2 on the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods: Prospective cohort study in 214 consecutive hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 divided in 55 Diabete-Mellitus-2 (DM) and 159 non-Diabetic (ND) patients. They underwent clinical evaluation, laboratory tests on hospital admission and they were followed-up in order to investigate clinical outcomes, such as: length of stay in the hospital, necessity for and length of stay in the ICU and/or death. Results: Diabetic patients had a prolonged length stay in ICU compared to ND (16[7-24]; 6[6-12]; p=0.01, respectively), with no difference in total length of stay in the hospital (p=0.41) and death between groups (p= 0.41). There was a significant difference in Kaplan-Meyer curves considering the presence of DM-2, adjusted for age, considering the length of stay in the ICU. (HR=1.7; CI:1.03-2.81; p=0.01). Conclusion: The presence of DM-2 was considered a predictor of prolonged length of stay in ICU in COVID-19 patients. Individualized strategies should be implemented in these patients to minimize clinical outcomes.