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Efeitos do programa AD-HOMEX nas funções cognitivas, no controle postural e desempenho funcional de idosos com doença de Alzheimer: um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Gomes, Wildja de Lima; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5314642730840898
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative, progressive and irreversible preparation. Physical exercise contributes to neuronal neuroplasticity and induction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, in addition to improving balance, strength and the number of falls. No studies were found in Brazil that investigated the effect of physical exercise in the home environment with a rigorous study design using home training. Therefore, this thesis comprised three studies. The first aimed to carry out a systematic review to analyze the effect of physical exercise at home on cognitive functions, mobility and muscle strength in elderly people with Alzheimer's. Note that the quality is moderate and the strength of current clinical evidence is low. Thus, there is a need for better designed, randomized, blinded clinical trials, supervised by trained professionals and involving instruments adapted for this population. The study was the basis for the development of a randomized and controlled clinical trial that resulted in two more studies, named as the second and third study in this thesis. The second study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the Home-Based Multimodal Exercise Program (AD-HOMEX) for the improvement of cognitive components and level of physical activity in elderly people with AD. The third study aimed to verify the effectiveness of AD-HOMEX in postural control and functional performance of elderly people with AD. Participants were recruited through a university database, posters and local media. Eligible for this study were 159 elderly people admitted to screening for the clinical diagnosis of AD through the diagnostic criteria, cleared for physical activity and level of disease impairment. Elderly people living in the community, with a clinical diagnosis of AD, able to walk at least 10 meters alone, with a medical certificate with permission to perform physical exercises were included. Cognitive assessment was performed using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, Frontal Assessment Battery, Trail making Test, Clock Drawing Test, postural control was assessed using the force platform and functional performance was assessed using the Short Physical physical assessment instruments Performance Battery, Foot Eight Walking functional range test and Walking trail making test. Results: The elderly who participated in the AD-HOMEX showed improvement in the cognitive domains of memory, verbal fluency, language and visual-spatial skills and an improvement in the level of physical activity, when compared to the elderly in the control group. However, diversity between groups and moments for the variables of postural control and functional performance were not met. Conclusion: Although the AD-HOMEX program did not generate changes in postural control and functional performance, home training provides advantages for the user and caregivers as it reduces time and expenses with displacement, the elderly with AD remains physically active in a systematic way under the supervision of the AD-HOMEX program. supervision of a professional and the family environment decreases behavioral behavior and spatial disorientation
Estudos in sı́lico de proteı́nas alostéricas e sua interação com ligantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Freire, Thales Souza; Caracelli, Ignez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0320608221793070
Allosteric proteins are extremely important for the regulation of several functions in the organism, such as the transport of molecules through the blood and cell membranes, as well as the phosphorylation of other proteins. In this context, the present work was divided into the study of three proteins: Abelson Tyrosine Kinase (Abl1), Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3). Each protein was studied separately, using computational simulation methods, such as Classical Molecular Dynamics and Molecular Docking. For Abl1 was studied the emergence of resistance to the drug dasatinib upon mutations. Here, three mutations were simulated with the Free Energy Perturbation method, where the difference in free energy variation between binding the inhibitor to the native and mutant form of the enzyme was calculated, obtaining a good agreement with experimental values. As for albumin, the change in conformation mediated by the interaction with medium-chain fatty acids was studied. In this case, the well- tempered Metadynamics method was used to facilitate the transition between states and obtain the path of minimum free energy between one state and another, the results were compatible with the experimental observations. As for FLT3, a study similar to that of Abl1 was initiated, for the drug gilteritinib, however the dynamics of this enzyme proved to be more complex than that of Abl1. As the theoretical results did not agree with the experimental values, it was decided to investigate the effect of mutations on the activation free energy profile, using Metadynamics with collective path variables. Such a tool made it possible to reveal the effect of mutations on the activation dynamics, where the resistance effect is partly due to a reduction in the enzyme activation barrier. In the three cases, pure molecular dynamics alone was not able to give the desired information, making it necessary to resort to enhanced sampling methods, such as free energy perturbation and metadynamics, which showed to be efficient for the treated cases.
Identificação molecular de biótipos b e q de mosca-branca (Bemisia tabaci) em lavouras de soja das principais regiões produtoras do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Ecker, Gustav Bruno; Mathioni, Sandra Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4884632518233872; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8853-4108; Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3985-3193; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448008638886032; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1883-7650
Brazil is the major soybean producer in the world and one of the main insect pests, causing major economic losses is Bemisia tabaci, commonly known as whitefly. This pest causes damages which are related to its feeding on the phloem and transmission of virotic diseases. The whitefly is classified in biotypes, which are individuals morphologically identical but molecularly distinct. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate B. tabaci B and Q biotypes in the main soybean growing regions in Brazil using PCR-specific primers for each biotype. To this end, 122 whiteflies populations were collected, and 2,928 individuals were analyzed during 2020, 2021 and 2022 soybean seasons. These populations were collected from seven Brazilian states: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais e Paraná. The B biotype was predominant in all sampled soybean fields. The Q biotype was identified only in the Mato Grosso do Sul (2 individuals), Minas Gerais (3 individuals), and Paraná (5 individuals). To our knowledge, this is the first time the Q biotype is identified in soybean in the Mato Grosso do Sul state.
Significados do papel do enfermeiro no contexto do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial infantojuvenil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Leal, Taliane Machado de Oliveira; Carlos, Diene Monique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4324893981363616; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-7350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4824065018097824; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4333-7474
Mental health policies that include children and adolescents in Brazil are late. With the Psychiatric Reform and the implementation of specific policies in this area, there were evolutions regarding mental health care for children and adolescents, reaffirming that they are psychologicalactors and have rights. The Centers for Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care (CAPSij), references in mental health for children and adolescents, were regulated in 2002 and designed to receive and treat children and adolescents for psychosocial rehabilitation, built by a multidisciplinary team. However, there still are challenges to the nurse´s role and consequent performance understanding in this area. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the meaning attributed to the role of nurses in child and adolescent mental health care in the context of CAPSij. This is a qualitative research, anchored in the Complex Paradigm in its systemic and hologrammatic principles. Data collection was performed through individual semi-structured interviews, conducted via a free online platform with ten nurses from CAPSij in the state of São Paulo, from March to September, 2022. Data analysis was done by thematic analysis, emerging two final themes entitled "Complexity of care" and "Complexity of the role". The first theme brought up the diversity and specificity of the mental health clinic for children and adolescents, with the need to delineate an expanded, territorial, intersectorial, and interprofessional care. Potentialities were identified, but especially weaknesses for acting in this scenario, mainly due to a fragmented training in the area. The second theme showed the lack of understanding of the nurse's place in CAPSij, especially for the necessary transit between the nucleus and the field for the construction of actions. It brought the need for a reconstruction of being a nurse, to be possible the production of more inclusive and salutogenic practices and legitimacy of the nurse's role in this space. It reinforces the need to train nurses with adequate knowledge and skills to care for the mental health of children, adolescents, and their families. Furthermore, the urgency of continuing education for the teams working in CAPSij with management support is relevant.
Função cardíaca, modulação autonômica cardiovascular, oxigenação e complacência cerebral no diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com e sem neuropatia autonômica cardiovascular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Galdino, Gabriela Aguiar Mesquita; Beltrame, Thomas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-0869; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-3936; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4337473715540397; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-4760
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complication, marked by changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system leading to high mortality. The degree of dynamic heart rate oscillations involvement with baroreflex control and cardiac function in the absence and presence of CAN is still scarce. Furthermore, the influence of CAN on cerebral and peripheral oxygenation, intracranial compliance and the relationship with cardiac function remain unknown. Thus, this thesis consisted of a systematic review and three cross-sectional studies, with the aim of elucidating aspects of the influence of diabetes with and without CAN on heart rate fragmentation (HRF) and its relationship with cardiovascular autonomic modulation and cardiac function. Furthermore, to explore oxygenation and intracranial compliance responses in CAN and cardiometabolic diseases in the face of physiological stressors (cardiopulmonary testing and active postural change, APC). The study I, entitled: “Heart rate fragmentation is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus” retrospectively evaluated whether T2DM without CAN increase the HRF and what is the relationship with classical heart rate variability (HRV) indices. The results suggest that T2DM subjects without CAN have increased HRF compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the HRF was complementary to the HRV indices. The study II, entitled: “Heart rate fragmentation and its relationship with cardiovascular autonomic modulation and cardiac function in type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy”, evaluated whether CAN increase the HRF and what is the relationship with the cardiovascular autonomic modulation indices and the cardiac function. CAN increased the degree of HRF at rest, and the HRF indices allow obtaining complementary information to the indices of cardiovascular autonomic modulation and the left ventricular systolic function. The study III, entitled: “Cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiorespiratory disease: a systematic review,” summarized the acute cerebral oxygenation response during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory disease. During CPET, individuals with cardiovascular disease had reduced cerebral oxygenation and individuals with obstructive sleep apnea extracted less cerebral oxygen. A patter for metabolic diseases has not been established. The study IV, entitled: “Oxygenation and intracranial compliance and their relationship to cardiac function in type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy”, investigated whether CAN reduce oxygenation and compliance after APC and the relationship of cardiac function to this response. CAN reduce cerebral oxygen extraction and increase intracranial compliance in orthostatism. Also, relationships between lower diastolic function and inadequate glycemic control indicate a reduction in oxygen extraction and intracranial compliance in type 2 diabetes, baroreflex control, left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and responses of oxygenation and intracranial compliance. This reinforces the importance of early monitoring of individuals with T2DM in the disease progress.
Desenvolvimento de método baseado em espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por micro-ondas para quantificar silício em celulose do tipo kraft
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Rodrigues, Valdemir Antonio de Camargo; Corrêa, Daniel Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9702434260717950
Cellulose is a material that is present in several products consumed by society on a daily basis, including textile, food, personal hygiene and paper products. The pulp industry moves billions of reais per year, generating thousands of direct and indirect jobs, and is therefore of great economic importance for the country. The pulp manufacturing process has been updated every year, in order to increase productivity with less environmental impact. Thus, new methods are needed to optimize the process and generate better results from your products. The objective of this work is to develop a new analysis method to quantify the silicon present in cellulose using spectroscopic techniques, aiming to optimize the dosage of the input that causes a large increase in this element, considering that this analysis is currently carried out by a laborious and slow method. The new method developed reduces the time of inorganic analysis and thus enables better control of the input with potential impact on production costs. Specifically, in this project, a method was developed to quantify the silicon present in cellulose samples using microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES), with the digestion of the samples performed by a microwave digester. The validation of the analytical method was carried out, aiming to guarantee the quality of reliable results in an analysis routine through its comparability and traceability. The study used magnesium silicate talc as a reference standard for evaluating the effectiveness of the digestion methodology for cellulose samples. The theoretical silicon oxide concentration value was 59.9% and 59.8% found in the laboratory, using the proposed method. The methodology was performed based on the parameters required by the INMETRO standard in DOC-CGRE-008, of August 2016, thus guaranteeing the quality and the accuracy of the results obtained. The results showed a gain in the response time of the silicon analysis with very close values between the developed method and the results of conventional analyses.
O cuidado e a saúde mental de LGBTQIA+: as contribuições da terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Depole, Bárbara de Fátima; Ferigato, Sabrina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5911008362015146
Discussions about gender and sexualities have gained more and more space in the Brazilian media, with the growing visibility of LGBTQIA+ people produced by the social movement and the increase in hate crimes and violence against this population. This entailed individual and collective psychic suffering, highlighting the importance of investigating mental health care for this population group. The conflicts and psychic suffering that this population faces are the result of the context of a heteronormative society. Thus, promotion, prevention and mental health care actions can reduce these effects and produce changes in hegemonic practices. In the Brazilian context, there are still few studies on mental health as a field for dialogue with LGBTQIA+ population policies. In addition, the dialogues achieved by the Occupational Therapy nucleus in relation to LGBTQIA+, aiming to promote mental health care from a perspective of social emancipation and production of subjectivity, are insufficient. To fill this gap, we carried out this research with the objective of identifying and analyzing potentials and limiting the field of Mental Health and the Occupational Therapy Center for Mental Health care for LGBTQIA+. Methodologically, we started from a study of the research-intervention type, using the cartography method, carried out in 2 stages. In step 1, quantitative and qualitative data were produced through online classes (QOL) distributed among mental health professionals and in step 2, qualitative data were deepened through group interviews with occupational therapists. The analyzes were carried out using the Gaze Interpolation technique. The results of the data obtained via QOL were presented in 3 subgroups: characterization of the participants, unique mental health processes of LGBTQIA+ and experienced violence. The results of the focus group with occupational therapists were presented in 5 categories: (1) Field and nucleus of mental health, (2) specificities of the nucleus of occupational therapy, (3) mental health care, (4) training practices and scenes everyday. It is concluded that mental health professionals claim to have insufficient knowledge about LGBTQIA+ social and health policies and gaps in their training in this regard. Even so, they identify specificities of this population in terms of mental health needs, as well as the care offered, in deep dialogue with the psychic suffering produced in the experience of family, structural/institutional violence and in the difficulties uniquely faced in the different cycles of life. Occupational Therapy has the potential to offer significant contributions, as long as there is an open dialogue and a perspective that aims at social emancipation and the production of subjectivity, considering the experiences and challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ population in their daily lives, which are often related to the discrimination, stigma and social exclusion. An empathetic, critical, and inclusive approach can help create a safe and welcoming care environment for these people. Occupational Therapy can contribute by offering meaningful activities that help promote the mental health and well-being of the LGBTQIA+ population in their actions in the world. In addition, this Occupational Therapy care in the face of health and mental health demands can be directed towards the production of freer and emancipatory subjectivities, strengthening the powers of these subjects to individually and collectively resist the harmful effects of heteronormativity.
Avaliação experimental e computacional da eficiência de separadores ciclônicos aplicados na coleta e concentração do minério de ferro proveniente de secagem convectiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Aguiar, Joao Gabriel Amaral; Béttega, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0761835687956067
Iron is closely related to the development of a country, being a key element in the production of various goods for daily use. One of the fundamental stages in its processing is the moisture content control. In this sense, the convective drying of iron ore generates the dragging of part of the particulate material, making necessary its recovery. In addition, the chemical composition of the iron ore is also an important factor, mainly associated to the reduction stage in the blast furnaces, linked to steel production. Cyclones are gas-solid separation equipment whose principle of action is based on the centrifugal force generated by the gas flow, inducing larger particles to be collected in the underflow and releasing the gas through the overflow, containing a fraction of the lighter material. In this way, this study sought to evaluate the efficiency of different configurations of cyclonic separators, acting as classifiers, seeking to evaluate the ore collection as well as its composition variation. Experimental data from iron ore characterization, separation tests carried out in a pilot unit and cyclone performance models found in the literature were used to evaluate three cyclonic separators in nine operational conditions. In addition, CFD – Computational Fluid Dynamics – simulations were carried out to support the study. In this sense, simulations were carried out following the RANS methodology – Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes – coupling the RSM – Reynolds Stress Model – for the gaseous phase turbulence, together with the DPM – Discrete Phase Model – for insertion of the solid, being an Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation with extensive citation in the literature. Stationary simulations were performed using the Fluent software, belonging to the ANSYS Student 2022 R1 package. The results indicated good agreement of the dynamic parameters of the gaseous flow from CFD simulations and literature models. In addition, there was a certain degree of adhesion between the simulated collection efficiency results and those obtained through the correlations, indicating recovery of the material in the order of 90%, within the operational conditions evaluated, although with significant deviations of 14% to 44% in relation to experimental data. The effect of the inlet velocity and equipment geometry on the separator performance has been majorly proven. The mineral classification was also investigated through CFD, but with considerably deviations to the experimental results. In short, there was a strong tendency of iron ore recovery and a noticeable performance of the cyclones as classifying devices.
Avaliação das propriedades de armazenagem de hidrogênio através de reação sólido-gás e eletroquímica da liga multicomponente (TiNb)(CrMnFe)₂ com estrutura de Fase Laves tipo C14
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Aranda, Vinícius; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9654225485480316
Hydrogen is critical for storage and transport of renewable energy. Because it is low-density gas, one of the biggest challenges of its widespread use as an energy vector is in its hardly storage. Metal hydrides are strategic materials for the implementation of hydrogen-based energy in our society, since they can both be used in solid-state storage tanks, enhancing the volumetric energy density of hydrogen, and in Ni-metal hydrides type batteries. The hydrogen storage properties of metals are strongly dependent on their chemical composition, and for this reason, high entropy alloys or multi-component alloys capable to form metal hydrides have attracted attention. The wide compositional field of multi-component alloys allows engineers and materials scientists to design alloys with optimized properties to each specific application. In this regard, the aim of this master’s project was to produce, characterize and evaluate the hydrogen storage properties of the (TiNb)(CrMnFe)2 alloy, derived from the TiZrCrMnFeNi alloy reported previously in the literature and with promising properties. The (TiNb)(CrMnFe)2 arc-melted alloy showed a single-phase Laves phase structure pf C14-type. The hydrogen storage properties were assessed in the solid-gas and electrochemical reaction in alkaline aqueous solution, which occur in batteries, and compared with those of the TiZrCrMnFeNi alloy. The (TiNb)(CrMnFe)2 shows a high equilibrium pressure at room temperature with a capacity of 0.18 H/M at 80 bars. These results were discussed based on a thermodynamic model for predicting the pressure-composition-temperature diagrams of alloys with Laves phase structure of C14-type. The alkaline electrochemistry behavior of both alloys was quite similar. The equilibrium hydrogen absorption pressure of the (TiNb)(CrMnFe)2 alloy is much higher than that of the TiZrCrMnFeNi, and since these pressures are above 1 bar, electrochemical hydrogenation indicates low absorption capacity for both.
Produção de celulases por Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b em resposta a diferentes fontes de carbono e taxas de aeração em cultivos sólido e submerso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Mafra, Nilton Silva Costa; Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/147230703378946
The interest in cellulolytic systems of thermophilic fungi motivated the development of research aimed at the use of their enzymes in various industrial sectors, such as in the production of biofuels, particularly second-generation bioethanol (BE2G). The fungus Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b has proved to be an excellent producer of cellulases; however, there is little knowledge about its metabolism. Thus, the objective of this work was to experimentally analyze the effect of different carbon sources and aeration rates on the ability to activate or inhibit cellulase production by the fungus Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b in solid state (CES) and submerged (CSm) cultivations. Glucose, sucrose, fructose and lactose were evaluated as carbon sources at concentrations 5, 10 and 15 g.L-1, as for aeration rates 0.5 and 1 vvm were tested. The tests for the cultivations in solid and submerged medium were conducted at 45ºC for 96 h. Initially, on flasks scale, it has been evaluated the influence of carbon sources on the induction of enzymatic production and the addition of lactose and other compounds likely inducers to the inoculum preparation medium, as well as the effect of the proportion sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran on substrate composition. The replacement of synthetic lactose medium by fresh whey was also evaluated. In the tests on packed bed bioreactor for CES and aerated stirred tank for CSm, the effects of variation in aeration rate on growth and secretion of enzymes were studied. Flasks-scale cultivations showed that lactose was considered a promising inducer for endoglucanase synthesis at the concentration of 15 g.L-1, achieving activities of 210 and 120 U.gss-1 in solid and submerged cultivations, respectively, for mass proportion 7:3 of sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran. The addition of lactose to the inoculum preparation medium was not interesting, not increasing significantly endoglucanase activities. The assays with fresh whey showed results close to the control performed with the use of synthetic lactose, which shows their perspective of reuse. The analyses in bioreactors showed that time-profiles of temperature and CO2 concentration did not present significant variation (95% confidence) with the increase of the aeration rate. Nevertheless, in the operation with 1 vvm, a higher volume of CO2 released was observed, which reflected in higher enzymatic production. Thus, the operation with 1 vvm proved to be applicable and advantageous to produce cellulase.
Professoras-pesquisadoras negras: modos de fazer e experienciar a intelectualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Martins, Pamela Barbosa; Medeiros, Priscila Martins de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8021362429861754; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9620-8946; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726885872187396; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7085-0238
This research has as its theme the intellectuality of black women, specifically, the understanding of intellectual developed in academia by black female professor-researchers who are part of the process of construction and consolidation of the Center for Afro-Brazilian Studies at the Federal University of São Carlos (NEAB/UFSCar). The general objective of this research is to identify which elements characterize the intellectuality built and experienced by black female professor-researchers of NEAB/UFSCar. Specifically, we sought to analyze the contributions of their intellectual work to the field of ethnic-racial relations; to understand their definitions of Black intellectuality; and to identify networks and connections of study and research established. In methodological terms, the research is based on the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011), and documentary research was conducted. The dissertation is divided into four chapters, in which we can verify the processes of continuity, expansion and complexification in relation to scientific production in the field of ethnic-racial relations. It was possible to observe how the creation and/or the performance of the interlocutors in study and research networks lead to a black intellectual experience focused on building a collective project that guarantees the promotion and the effective participation of black men and women researchers in the academic space.
Seleção de covariância para o modelo grafo gaussiano via reversible jump
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Santos, Eriton Barros dos; Milan, Luis Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7435391829973844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7684818359088502
The purpose of the Graphical Gaussian model is to find the covariance structure that represents the relationship between random variables, whose joint distribution is a multivariate normal. This is a tool used to modeling Gaussian graphs. The inference of parameters of this type of modeling is commonly based on maximum likelihood estimation. However, this type of methodology requires the adjustment of all possible models to verify which model best represents the relationship between the variables. In case any model, among all the possibilities, presents an estimation problem, the result may not represent the true relationship between the variables. We propose alterations in the procedure based on the Reversible Jump algorithm of Dobra et al. (2011) for selecting and fitting the Graphical Gaussian model. We also create indicators to evaluate simulation results from a Graphical Gaussian model. The results obtained in this work are favorable to our proposal presented, in which an improvement in the model selection method was observed, reducing the error when searching for the covariance structure.
Percurso cronológico dos registros visuais e táteis para o auxílio da comunidade surdocega: um recorte do período 2012-2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) França, Andressa; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-5602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8961884253242947; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-6915
Social interactions are key elements for the development and formation of societies. The networks of relationships provided by them happen through communicative phenomena that involve, above all, language. These resources are capable of favoring the systematization of human thought in different modalities, such as oral-auditory, visuo-spatial or tactile. The storage or retention of this information occurs from memory and also from writing, with the aim of positively boosting the sharing of information, in addition to providing the valuation and subsistence of the language in question. Based on this perspective, this research established as a problem the difficulties that deafblind signers encounter in the learning process and in accessing written records in sign language and Portuguese. Given this panorama, we opted for the use of systematic review, as a method for carrying out searches and investigation of documents from three different databases. Therefore, it was stipulated as a general objective to verify which strategies and resources have been used to help deafblind signers in accessing and learning written records focused on sign languages and Portuguese. As specific: (i) recognize the importance of written records for oral and signed languages; (ii) examine the purpose and functionality of found resources; and (iii) understand the relevance of using and accessing writing for the social and cognitive development of deafblind people. As a result, innovations proposed in the last ten years (2012 to 2022) were identified, based on a bias directed at writing signs. However, those aimed at tactile registers were not found. Both had the purpose of verifying how the communicational accessibility has been presented, in the written modality, directed to the deafblind signers. In this way, it is believed that it is possible to promote this field, so that there are advances, analyzes and reflections, with the aim of giving visibility to this community and rethinking the ways in which strategies have been constructed for the teaching, learning processes and accessibility, in view of the proposed technologies and advances.
Avaliação do desempenho funcional, fadiga e disfunção do músculo quadríceps em pacientes hospitalizados pela Covid- 19 no momento da alta hospitalar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Figueiredo, Tathyana Emilia Neves; Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9657057121424906
Rationale and Objective: This study objective to verify whether there is an association between functional performance, quadriceps muscle strength and endurance, and fatigue with the length of hospitalization, duration of IMV and use of neuromuscular blockers in COVID-19 survivors at hospital discharge. Methods and Measurements: This is a cross-sectional study including 34 COVID-19 survivors at hospital discharge (58±14 years and 56% men). On the day of hospital discharge, patients were assessed for: (1) functional performance, using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); (2) fatigue reported using the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) scale; (3) isometric quadriceps strength and endurance using a manual dynamometry. Main Results: SPPB was equivalent to 54±29% for age, however for patients who used IMV, this performance was worse. Regarding isometric quadriceps muscle strength, the results found were equivalent to 65±25% predicted with isometric quadriceps endurance of 54(14-180) seconds. The patients scored 38±10 points, characterized as severe fatigue. Correlations were verified between SPPB and IMV (r=-0.67;p<0.001), using neuromuscular blockers (r = -0.67; p< 0.001), with length of hospital hospitalization (r = -0.48; p=0.004), strength (r = 0.41; p=0.015) and endurance isometric quadriceps (r=0.51; p=0.002). In the multivariate regression model, the longer the duration of IMV, the lower the functional performance (adjusted R2=0.34; p= 0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, patients who survived COVID-19, especially those who required invasive ventilatory support, showed greater impairment in functional performance, reported severe fatigue, and reduced isometric muscle strength at the time of hospital discharge.
A atuação da equipe multiprofissional dos Institutos Federais com os estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Volante, Daniele Pinheiro; Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8915238333955356
The diversity of professionals in the Federal Institutes (IFs) enables the composition of multiprofessional teams (EMPs) as a service to support the inclusion of Special Education students (Paee) in these institutions. Thus, it is questioned how the EMPs are configured in the IFs to act in the inclusion of Paee students and whether this configuration allows the consolidation of EMPs in a collaborative perspective. The qualitative research, of the collaborative type, aimed to identify, systematize and present the possibilities of action of the EMPs of the IFs in the schooling and professional training of Paee students enrolled in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. It was developed in two stages, the first being a survey of the professional profile, EMP performance and training needs and used an electronic questionnaire answered by 139 civil servants from four Brazilian regions. The second consisted of five reflective sessions, through the offer of an extension course, so that 23 of these professionals could reflect on their reality, professional practice and the team in which they work. Data were collected with the transcription of sessions and with electronic questionnaires about the individual routine and analysis of teaching cases and, later, categorized and analyzed with maps of association of ideas. It was observed that most team members are linked to the Care Centers for People with Specific Needs as members or responsible and that training in Special Education was sought in training courses. The EMPs’ actions seem to be focused on the centers, with the need to strengthen their role in organizing the pedagogical work as a whole and occupying decision-making spaces. Little participation was observed in the elaboration of admission procedures and great involvement in actions for the permanence and success of Paee students, such as surveying accessibility demands, curricular accessibility and elaboration of individualized plans. EMPs seem to understand these actions as part of their attributions, with inconsistencies in the understanding of individualized planning. Indications of collaborative action were observed: valuing the knowledge of its members, flexible composition and the search for partnerships with institutional sectors and external professionals. However, the EMPs are still on the way to consolidating their performance in the collaborative logic, acting in a disjointed way, with a predominance of individualized work. It reinforces the need for EMPs to become effective as training spaces, enabling reflection on their own performance and deepening of the theoretical basis to rebuild concepts and practices, without defining their performance in compensation for the absence of the Special Education teacher, encompassing activities restricted to this teacher.
Método da quadratura de momentos aplicado à simulação da distribuição de tamanho de bolhas em um biorreator pneumático por CFD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Borges, Alexandre Teixeira; Béttega, Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1379682125857376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7946581148721061
Aeration is crucial for the functioning of pneumatic bioreactors, as injecting gas into the system allows to perform agitation of the medium and as well as to improve mass transfer with lower energy consumption. Bubble distribution and flow regime in these devices directly affect the performance of global parameters, such as the gas hold-up (εG) and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa). Thus, understanding their behavior and their interaction phenomena between the liquid and gas phases are important to evaluate the fluid dynamics and performance of these bioreactors. In this context, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation stands out as an alternative tool for the study and evaluation of these global parameters under different operating conditions and geometries, allowing these evaluations to not be limited by the time and costs of building prototypes necessary for experimental evaluations. However, among the studies found in the literature, few are those that evaluate the influence of gas flow in the medium considering the existence of a bubble size distribution in its modeling, which is observable in practice. Such consideration is important so that coalescence phenomena and bubble breakage are accounted for in the problem, making it possible to refine the fluid dynamic behavior modeling of these devices. Therefore, this work aims to incorporate the bubble size distribution in CFD simulations of pneumatic bioreactors through population balance equations (PBE) using the Quadrature Method of Moments (QMOM), in order to evaluate the influence of this inclusion on the simulated response of the main performance global parameters. The simulations were performed using the Ansys Fluent software, versions 14.5 and 2022 R2, considering the Eulerian-Eulerian model for the description of the 3D air-water multiphase flow for the bubble column (CB) geometry studied by Mendes (2016). A Python routine was implemented and applied to assist in the simulations, with the goal of evaluating different coalescence and breakage models incorporated into the population balance. From this routine, the constants used in the 3D simulation for different collision frequency models were determined. Simulations were performed for specific airflow rates (ϕar) of 1 to 5 vvm, and contours for the bubble diameter and its Sauter mean diameter value were obtained. The results showed that the QMOM were able to describe the bubble size distribution and its evolution, with a maximum relative error of 9% obtained in the estimation of the Sauter mean diameter. It was also possible to estimate the value of kLa, with the lowest relative error obtained being 12% for ϕar equal to 1 vvm.
Avaliação da atividade fotoeletrocatalítica dos filmes de CuO/NiOx, CuO/Cu2O/CuS e WO3/MoO3-x frente a fotoeletrólise da água para a produção de H2 verde
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Santos, Hugo Leandro Sousa dos; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6058068729091395; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-6250
The use of solar energy is essential for the future of humanity. In this context, the conversion of this energy into chemical energy, using low-cost technologies, such as photoelectrochemical cells (PECs), has gained relevance. Thus, in this thesis, the main experimental results achieved with the CuO/NiOx, CuO/Cu2O/CuS and WO3/MoO3-x photoelectrodes applied in the water splitting will be presented. All materials synthesized in this work were characterized in terms of morphology, composition, and crystal structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. For the CuO/NiOx system, the influence of NiOx as a cocatalyst and protective layer for the CuO films applied for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), was studied. For this, CuO films were obtained from the thermal conversion of Cu2O electrodeposits. Then, thin layers of NiOx were deposited onto CuO by electrodeposition and thermal conversion. The best CuO/NiOx film exhibited a photocurrent density of −1.07 mA cm−2 at 0 VRHE, which was higher compared to CuO (−0.99 mA cm−2). Better stability of CuO/NiOx films was also observed. The best CuO/NiOx activity was attributed to NiOx acting as an active site for HER, which accelerated charge transfer and improved photocathode performance. For the CuO/Cu2O/CuS system, metallic Cu was initially electrodeposited onto FTO substrates. These films were anodized to produce Cu(OH)2 nanowires, which were converted to CuO by heat treatment. Then, these films were functionalized with n-Cu2O particles by electrodeposition. Finally, the CuO/Cu2O films were modified with CuS (cocatalyst). The optimized CuO/Cu2O/CuS film exhibited a photocurrent of −2.74 mA cm-2 at 0 VRHE, while bare CuO exhibited only −2.11 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the photon-to-electron conversion efficiency was 51% higher for CuO/Cu2O/CuS compared to bare CuO. Overall, it was concluded that the type II p-n heterojunction formed between CuO and Cu2O led to better charge separation and the presence of CuS catalyzed the HER. For the WO3/MoO3-x system, WO3 films were obtained by the polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) method and functionalized with defect-rich MoO3−x nanosheets produced by solvothermal synthesis. SEM images showed that the MoO3-x nanosheets were attached to the cracks in the WO3 film. In terms of photoelectrochemical activity, the best WO3/MoO3-x film showed a photocurrent of 3.18 mA cm-2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which was 70% higher compared to bare WO3 under LED 427 nm. The band structure constructed from Mott-Schottky, and the UV-vis spectroscopy showed that the energy of the conduction and valence bands of WO3 and MoO3-x enabled the formation of a type II heterojunction between these materials, which resulted in a better separation of charges and the reduction of recombination of electron-hole pairs.
Aplicação de redes neurais para classificação de microinclusões de sulfeto de manganês em aços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Oliveira Filho, Marcos Fernando de; Caradec, Pierre D Amelio Briquet; Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807; Spinelli, José Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5957671374056111
The factors that measure the influence of inclusions on steel properties are the distribution, morphology and size of inclusions. The standard used as a reference is ASTM E45, which explains the sample scanning method in order to analyze and classify inclusions in steels. Manual methods are the most used in laboratories and metallurgical companies because of their low cost, while automatic methods are characterized by high operating costs, which makes their use in industries difficult. Neural network models, on the other hand, are part of new technologies and are extremely advantageous for several applications. This Master's work was motivated by the use of a new methodology for classifying inclusions in steels using neural network models. The aim was to achieve the highest possible accuracy in classifying the severities of MnS inclusions using images captured from specimens processed in a laboratory of a metallurgical industry. The classification process by neural networks was validated through comparison with results obtained manually, showing higher accuracy and speed in decision making. The results also showed that the classification of severities with a smaller number of images in the database presented a lower accuracy. To understand the effectiveness of the neural network, the concept of confusion matrix was applied, which are comparative tables of the number of images that the neural network brought as a prediction of severities in relation to the actual manually classified values. The first test results were not positive, requiring a reclassification of all images in the database to reduce confusion in the neural network. After reclassification and application of the Dropout technique, the test results were superior to the previous ones. In conclusion, the training and validation accuracy results improved, making it possible to compare manual and automatic classification. In general, the neural network represented speed in decision making, proving to be a potential tool for the classification of inclusions.
Quantificação de danos e perdas causados pela giberela do trigo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Nunes, Johan Filipe Lima; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1007973525682276
The culture of wheat is of great importance to Brazil and the world. Wheat productivity can be affected by several factors, with diseases playing a major role Among the diseases, giberella stands out (Fusarium graminearum), that can not only lead to reduced yields but can also greatly affect grain quality due to the production of mycotoxins, which represent an enormous risk to human and animal health. The management of the disease is an enormous challenge for the world's triticulture, and is normally done using fungicides, cultivars with a certain level of resistance to the disease and cultural management practices. However, there are costs associated with the use of each management strategy. There is still a lack of scientific information on the damage (reduction in yield quantity and/or quality) and losses (reduction in financial return due to disease) caused by the disease under different management strategies. The aim of this work was to quantify the damage and losses caused by the disease in 8 management strategies (involving genetic resistance, application or not of fungicide and use or not of silicium (in the form of potassium silicate), under irrigated and rainfed cultivation conditions. The analysis involved the determination of wheat yield, total crop costs, and cost-effectiveness. Planting wheat with irrigation provided the best overall performance. The best cost-effective management of Fusarium graminearum was obtained by integrating the cultivar LG ORO with fungicide application, which provided a 30.77% reduction in disease incidence, a 20% increase in productivity, and a positive balance of R$ 7.319,66 over the control treatment. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that the choice of Fusarium graminearum management strategy affects the cost of production, making a cost-effective analysis necessary to decide on the best strategy to be adopted. Determining the damage and losses caused by the disease under different management strategies is a prerequisite for defining a rational strategy for economical management of Fusarium Head Blight in wheat.
Além da diversidade: literatura infantojuvenil como horizonte de humanização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-02-24) Martins, José Geovânio Buenos Aires; Gatti, Márcio Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0369563657842763; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0140858987121365
As of Flor and Rosa: a love story between equals (2011), The Love does not choose sex (2010), The boy who played at being (2000) and Olívia has two daddies (2010), tried to be investigate the constructed didacticism by literary narratives, bringing to the discourse the process of humanization promoted through literature explained by Antonio Candido (2004), dealing mainly with the speeches of the characters, which implies, for example, discussing sexual orientation and gender identity , to recognize the interface between literature and society. In this way, it is possible to observe a series of stereotypes and didactic counterpoints of the corpus analyzed from the speeches of the characters, since there is a denunciation of violence against the LGBT population. This is a bibliographical review that takes into account gender studies and literary criticism, applying the interpretive method of Fabio Akcelrud Durão (2020). The interpretation starts from the speeches of the characters, taking into account their association with typical stereotypes of LGBT social discrimination, in an attempt to discuss the didacticism of literary works. Based on these elements, the dissertation shows how literary narratives, implicitly and explicitly, seek to present the LGBT theme in a positive way.