Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2023-03-06"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Os efeitos da música clássica sobre sintomas comportamentais da demência em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas: estudo quase-experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-06) Siqueira, Bianca Franceschini; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0251; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7910127687665616; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-4584
Introduction: Dementia is a condition that affects the cognitive ability of elderly people and can significantly impact their behavior. Musical intervention has been considered a promising alternative for the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in elderly people with dementia. Method: Descriptive-exploratory, quasiexperimental study, with 14 institutionalized older people. Eight sessions of music listening took place over two months. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Facial Action Coding System and Body Movement Assessment were used. Results: The majority were women, with an average institutionalization time of 16.6 months, an average use of 2.6 medications per day, and the prevalent dementia was Alzheimer's disease. There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.005) in the severity of depression and motor disturbance symptoms, as well as a decrease in caregiver burden regarding depression and apathy symptoms. During the music sessions, the most observed emotion was joy, and the least observed was fear. All participants presented movements in the headtrunk area.Conclusion: The musical intervention was effective in reducing the severity of some symptoms in elderly people with dementia and also reduced caregiver burden related to these symptoms, in addition to stimulating positive movements and emotions.
Desenvolvimento de itinerário formativo relacionado com a educação física escolar: desafios e perspectivas no Novo Ensino Médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-06) Machado, Perla Cristina Frangioti; Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8313436332195201; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-3878
The law 13.415/2017 changed the so called “Law of Directives and Bases of National Education” (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação – LDB) and is known as “New High School” (NEM). It promoted changes in its structure and timetable, flexibilized the curriculum, and added the Itinerários Formativos - IF (track of specialization). In 2021, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the public schools of São Paulo State started its implementation. Both the State Department of Education and the schools are not informing clearly about how teachers should work in it, especially regarding/concerning IFs. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the Physical Education teaching processes during the classes of a teacher-researcher under the new guidelines of the IF “Languages and Their Technologies”. The methodology was based on a qualitative analysis, through pedagogical intervention. It was conducted in the first half of 2022, with second year students of the NEM, enrolled in the #SeLigaNaMidia division, component 3: “Journalism and Inclusion in Sports: Practices and Experimentation”. The data collection source was the classroom diaries written by the teacher-researcher. The data analysis was held through the elaboration of categories, as follows: Engagement and impressions of the researcher during the process; Structuring and development of the support material (MAPPA); Strengths and weaknesses of the NEM and the IF. The study pointed out that the NEM presents several problems, from structural to socio-educational, with more weaknesses than strengths. Moreover, the state of São Paulo, when beginning the implementation of the NEM, before the deadline set by the Ministry of Education, generated many doubts and insecurities both among students and teachers, especially regarding the IFs.
As relações entre estruturas sociais formais e informais de um departamento acadêmico de uma instituição de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-06) Salvo, Lucieny Nathielly Goes; Silva, Márcio Rogério; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6859176963189141; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4591242340827700
This dissertation investigates the relationships between the formal and informal organizational structures of an academic organization based on the sociological approach of Pierre Bourdieu. Deploying concepts such as field, habitus and capital in an empirical assessment, we sought to analyze the trajectories of professors in an academic department based on data obtained from their academic resume’s (Curriculum Lattes) and other institutional documents of the organization. Data analysis was performed using a multiple correspondence analysis - ACM. The results indicate that the informal structure of the department is organized around two axes, one that opposes scientific capital to organizational capital and another that opposes the total capital of professors, which is related to the seniority of professors and defines relations between dominant and dominated. The results obtained indicate that the renewal of the teaching staff over the last few years and the growing appreciation of scientific capital are important vectors of organizational change, tending to shape existing disputes.
Aplicação de inteligência artificial na identificação automática de mudas de restauração florestal em imagens RGB e multiespectrais provenientes de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-06) Viveiros, José Matheus Segre Moneva; Sinegalia, Melodie Kern Sarubu Dorth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7754469716618696; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-4870; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4791611385373387; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8771-4347
Forest restoration corresponds to several actions and techniques aimed at repairing and maintaining forest ecosystems. In Brazil, forest restoration plays an important role in the restitution of the Atlantic Forest biome and only gained ground in the 21st century with the introduction of laws that demand compensation and repair of environmental damage. In this sense, forest restoration can not be applied aiming only at the techniques that best serve the study area, but also it is essential to consider its long-term monitoring to verify the progression of the restoration process. Nowadays, restoration monitoring uses equipment such as the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) that through loco activities and image processing in the laboratory aids the periodic inspection of the restored area. It enables information such as the number of resilient individuals, species classification, and vegetation height of the given area. Such monitoring practices require a large investment of time and human resources. Those practices may contribute to greater cost-effectiveness of the restoration process if they are optimized. In front of the current impediments in optimizing forest restoration monitoring, this project aims to apply the artificial intelligent algorithm Mask R-CNN to automate the counting and delineation of restoration seedlings in images from RPAS, comparing the performance of this algorithm in RGB and multispectral (MSP) images. The results obtained by the study showed that the algorithm was more efficient when applied to RGB images, identifying 717 seedlings out of a total of 1069. On the other side, the MSP images obtained a lower performance, identifying 61 seedlings out of a total of 1011. Another outcome of the study was the Jaccard index, which refers to the percentage of hits in the delineation (overlap/intersection analysis) of identified objects (seedlings), in this case, such as to the images RGB as to the MSP, the algorithm presented an index of intersection ranging from 50 to 95%. The contribution of this study to future academic research in monitoring and mapping the vegetation shows that it is possible to automate the counting of seedlings delineation in RPAS derived from images. Moreover, it saves resources and time, acknowledging that the use of artificial intelligence algorithms represents a promising method for accomplishing this function. It is also concluded that the greater efficiency of the algorithm in RGB images rules out the need to use a multispectral sensor for this purpose, lowering the cost of equipment and bringing alternatives to make monitoring forest restoration more viable.
Políticas públicas em saúde bilíngue para surdos: percursos, percalços e o cotidiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-06) Trevisan, Sueli Fioramonte; Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0530476018869452
According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (DUDH), the Federal Constitution of 1988 (CF) and Law No. 8080 of 1990, health is a fundamental right for all and must be guaranteed by the State. In order to maintain the security of this individual right, communication is the primordial mechanism, as health care is provided in/through dialogued interaction between patient and servants (doctors, nurses and other health professionals). Deaf people have the legal right to linguistic accessibility through the use of sign language, but due to the lack of investment in language policies aimed at the health area; they have been harmed in their care. Therefore, this research problematizes this field by describing public accessibility policies through cartography of the health field in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo. We surveyed the actions carried out (or not) in the city studied, regarding the effectiveness of bilingual health (in Brazilian Sign Language and Portuguese) for the deaf, as stated in legal documents. This is a qualitative research based on the theoretical-philosophical proposal of Michel Foucault, with principles of archeogenealogy and deleuze-guattarinean cartography. In this investigative practice, historical archives are used, such as official documents, discursive productions of subjects, in order to seek the production and historical function of these discursivities and how they operate in the practical life of these subjects, affecting the production of subjectivation processes by relations of power and knowledge. We collected data from a survey of legal provisions on institutional websites, in a field diary of this researcher's activities, in a community interpretation of Libras in the sphere of health; in interviews with professionals from the Municipal Health Department and in interviews given by deaf people who use these services. We analyzed data from theoretical-philosophical studies, from the perspective of the philosophy of difference (Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari) and from authors of Deaf Studies and Sign Language Translation and Interpretation Studies. By pointing out the weaknesses present in health services aimed at deaf people, speakers of Libras, we understand that it will be possible to help new reflections for this field. Thus, we hope that the results of this research will contribute to future studies, as well as to discussions in the health area, in the training and practice of services in this area, developing bilingual health centers, aimed at the deaf population, in order to have the guarantee of access to this fundamental right.
Instrumentos de medida para a área de saúde da mulher: significância clínica de questionários e diagnóstico de acurácia da função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-06) Silva, Jordana Barbosa da; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6419640145149798
Introduction: Although there are previous studies looking at different proprieties (i.e., reliability, validity, internal consistency, and others) of outcome measures for several conditions, few researchers are dedicated to developing and refining the methodology to understand the clinical significance or the diagnostic accuracy of outcomes related to urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function, respectively. In the era of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is crucial that research supports clinical practice and clinical significance of relevant outcome measures is evaluated. Objective: To increase the evidence regarding measurements proprieties that can be used in the women’s health field. Materials and Methods: This project was conducted in two steps: the first study (Article 1) was a systematic review that synthetized all Minimal Important Differences (MIDs) of outcomes related to UI in the literature, and the second study (Article 2) was a cross-sectional study that analyzed which variables from the PeritronTM manometer could differentiate women with/without a weak/strong PFM contraction and determine their cut-off points for this discrimination. Article 1 was conducted as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Five online databases were consulted (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) in order to find patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) related to female UI outcomes. The credibility and certainty of the evidence were assessed for MIDs reported by anchor-based methods. Absolute MIDs (mean difference associated with minimal improvement) were calculated for each study separately according to the mean change of the group of participants by checking the original papers and by extracting the mean change of the group of participants that reported a slight improvement, according to the anchor applied during data collection, when possible. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Article 2 included one hundred and fifty-six women (mean age 40±16.0 SD years) were included. The reference test was vaginal palpation and vaginal manometry (PeritronTM manometer) was the index test. Variables were rest, maximal voluntary contraction (CVM), intravaginal pressure average, duration, gradient, area under the curve (AUC), and contraction speed. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) and logistic regression were used to analyze the data data to determine the variables which better discriminated between women with/without a weak/strong PFM contraction and obtain their cut-off points. Results: For the Article 1, 11 studies were included and twelve PROMs were found with their respective MIDs (48 and 65 MIDs reported according to distribution-based and anchor-based methods, respectively). MIDs according to distribution- methods were reported by the effect size (range from -49.7 to 12.1 points), standard error of the measurement (SEM) (range -18.2 to 4.3) and standardized response mean (range from 1.3 to 1.4). MIDs for anchor-based methods reported by studies varied from -44.6 to 6.9 points. Most of the included studies did not consider the smallest difference identified by the participants to calculate the MIDs. Eleven absolute MIDs on the range of 0-10 (range from 2 to 7 points) and 10 absolute MIDs from -150 to +150 were calculated (range from -51 to 47 points). All reports related to MID according to anchor-based methods presented low credibility and very low certainty of the evidence. In Article 2, an excellent ability to discriminate women with a weak/strong PFM contraction was found for intravaginal pressure average (cut-off: 28.93 cmH2O), MVC (cut-off: 38.61 cmH2O), and the AUC (cut-off: 1011.93 cmH2O). The gradient variable had good discrimination ability (AUC=0.81; cut-off: 28.68 cmH2O). The intravaginal pressure average assessed by manometry, menopausal status, and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were associated with PFM contraction in the multivariate analysis; however, the most parsimonious model to discriminate weak/strong PFM contraction included only the intravaginal pressure average (AUC = 0.95; sensitivity: 0.87; specificity: 0.91). Conclusion: There is a high variability of MIDs related to PROMs for UI outcomes according to the method of analysis, PROMs and anchors used, however, the credibility and certainty of the evidence to support these MIDs is still limited. Results should be interpreted with caution and future studies must be conduct following previous recommendations about how to calculate and analyze MID. In addition, the best variables to discriminate women with a weak/strong PFM contraction using a vaginal manometer were intravaginal pressure average, peak of MVC, AUC, and gradient. The best model to discriminate weak/strong PFM contraction included only the intravaginal pressure average. These variables could be used in clinical and research practice to assess PFM contraction.