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Projeto de caixa de redução por engrenagens para veículo Baja SAE e impacto da inércia rotacional dos componentes na performance
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Cirqueira, Lucca Tardivo; Malavolta, Alexandre Tácito; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8477313173581967; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2136142256749420
This work describes the design of a gearbox for a Baja SAE vehicle, for the Baja UFSCar team, and a study to measure the impact of the rotational inertia of the transmission system on the prototype's performance. The gearbox represents the second stage of the transmission, and its function is to complement the first stage, carried out by a CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), in order to provide enough torque to the wheels so that the vehicle will have the best possible performance and be able to overcome the obstacles present in official SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) competitions. The objective of this work was to present the developed project of the gearbox of the “M8” prototype, used from 2020 to 2022 by the Baja UFSCar team, highlighting the main considerations made and decisions taken, based on the team's input parameters, limitations, and available resources. The focus was on reducing the mass of components (gears, shafts, housing), aiming to improve the vehicle’s overall performance and outperform its predecessor, the “Moisés” prototype used in 2018 and 2019. The dimensioning of the components was made according to traditional standards and bibliographies, but with a less conservative approach in order to avoid the oversizing that is typical of these methodologies, and also using finite element simulations for optimization. Besides performance, another indicator used to evaluate the evolution of the project was the rotational inertia of the rotating components of the transmission system. The equivalent rotational inertia of the transmission was equated, and converted to an equivalent mass, making it possible to measure its impact on the vehicle's performance. The study showed that the main factor that contributed to the performance increase was the mass reduction of the vehicle as a whole, with the rotational inertia of the components being a secondary factor. In general, the present work achieved its proposed objectives, because even though there are improvements to be made, the gearbox project presented contributed to Baja UFSCar team reaching expressive results in SAE competitions.
Material didático digital: do papel à tela como proposta pedagógica bilíngue para alunos surdos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Viudes, Ariadne Haak; Rocha, Daniele Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0948893650052847; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6534417040815978
Historically, the education of the deaf has been permeated with conflicts and controversies. Although there is a growth in scientific research in the sense of producing educational references for this minority group, the methods and methodologies applied are recurrently subjected to oral practices, overvaluing the Portuguese language, relegating sign language to a supporting role in the students' teaching-learning processes deaf. The present work aims to analyze digital and bilingual teaching materials for the deaf available in digital media, pointing out the potential and plurality of multimodal and semiotic resources. Using descriptive and exploratory analysis methodologies, the tools used in four selected digital and bilingual teaching materials were analyzed, which have the deaf as their target audience, materials that are available through streaming, highlighting the potential and plurality of multimodal and semiotic resources in the contribution to the production and implementation in order to promote quality in bilingual education for deaf students. It considers the many possibilities of reinventing, through technological resources, the didactic materials available to students in the path of practices and learning opportunities for students in school phase.
Discursos discentes sobre o ensino do esporte na educação física escolar: trabalho, comunicação, permanência e mudança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Freitas, Guilherme de Arruda Carvalho; Lemos, Fábio Ricardo Mizuno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720009502941255; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-5056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1979015991794065; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-0695
Considering the changes brought about by the renovating movement starting from the 1980s, there began a reflection on the teaching of sports in Physical Education, criticizing the hegemony of this content, its approach in the classroom, and which sports modalities were integrated into the school curriculum. In this interval, innovative models of sports teaching emerged which intend to place learners at the central condition of the educational process as an option to traditional models that emphasize the learning of technique. Nonetheless, traditional sports modalities, whose sociocultural relevance, media appeal, and access to practice are greater (generally football/futsal, basketball, volleyball, and handball, the “fantastic quartet”), continue to occupy a considerable amount of time in school Physical Education classes, to the detriment of a more varied repertoire that would also include non-traditional modalities (little known in the local context, with no space in the media and requiring expensive and difficult-to-obtain materials). The objective of this study was to investigate student discourses regarding the development of didactic units for teaching sports in Physical Education classes for 9th-grade students in a public school in Campinas-SP. This is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Two didactic units were applied with alternating teaching models and sports modalities: traditional or innovative models combined with traditional (basketball) or non-traditional (Ultimate Frisbee) sports modalities. Data collection was carried out through the recording of conversation circles held after the application of each didactic unit. The data obtained were analyzed under the situated phenomenon modality. The analyses resulting from the two experiences demonstrated, in the first one, the student perspectives regarding the comfort of remaining with what is known in the face of the imbalances caused by change, and in the second one, a context in which the speeches were directed to the categories of work (facilities and difficulties in learning) and communication (facilities and difficulties in interaction and language), highlighting the need to apply dialogical teaching models in which student centrality will be exercised. In final considerations, we indicate that a variety of sports teaching models must be experimented and applied, such as many sports modalities must be taught in curriculum, as it is necessary and possible to achieve a liberating, emancipatory and humanized sports pedagogy.
Investigação confirmatória de área contaminada: estudo de caso de um conjunto habitacional de interesse social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Loria, Giovana Lamano; Rotta, Cláudia Marisse dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8142167187580488; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1751379906747628
Studies related to soil and groundwater contamination are becoming increasingly relevant in the global context, due to the increase in the number of affected areas. In the state of São Paulo, industrial activities are responsible for the registration of 1294 contaminated areas, representing 20% of the total. In this context, the present work aims to study an area suspected of contamination in the municipality of Guarulhos (SP), which, in the past, housed an industrial activity of plastic manufacturing by extrusion, and is currently under residential occupation. The development of this work, after the survey of pre-existing data, was based on the confirmatory investigation, governed by different national standards and CETESB’s orientation. Among the different methodological steps, manual drilling for soil sampling and installation of groundwater monitoring wells were highlighted, followed by chemical analyses of these components. The results obtained were analyzed against CETESB orientation values, and showed concentrations higher than acceptable in groundwater samples from 6 monitoring wells, indicating the presence of contaminants in the study area. Since there are currently no active sources or evidence of activities that could cause contamination in the study area, it was concluded that the concentrations above the guideline values are due to the industrial activity that existed in the past. However, a critical analysis of the methodology used, based on existing recommendations in the scientific literature and presented by environmental agencies, indicated the need for more detailed studies, including the use of techniques and analyses not used in this study. In this way, sufficient data would be obtained to adequately perform the human health risk assessment and to propose a reclamation project for a contaminated area.
Química na história: aplicação e análise de um minicurso para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Figueiredo, Diego; Bretones, Paulo Sérgio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0016646045895716; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5463831195971376; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-5010
The theme of the History of Science is widely recognized as an effective mechanism for providing critical education, but it is rarely applied in basic education. This qualitative research, through a case study, aimed to develop, apply, and analyze a six-lesson mini-course on the History of Chemistry, with high school students enrolled in an Integrated High School and Chemistry Technician course at an ETEC in the interior of São Paulo state. The study sought to answer the question: "What is the feasibility, difficulties, obstacles, benefits, and advancements in preparing and conducting a mini-course on the History of Chemistry for Integrated High School and Chemistry Technician students, considering the connection between the Humanities and Natural Sciences?" In this regard, it was necessary to understand the motivations and criticisms regarding the implementation of a History of Chemistry course, based on the assumptions of Matthews (1995), Maar (2018), Santos and Porto (2013), and Silva et al. (2010). Regarding the data collection methodology, questionnaires, video recordings of classes, and the teacher-researcher's field diary were used, and data analysis was carried out using content analysis based on Bardin's (2019) concepts. Although the analyzed course was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, we sought to observe and highlight how a History of Chemistry course provides a more humanized and student-centered learning experience. The study also revealed that students tend to distance the components of the Natural Sciences and Humanities axis, and this is reinforced through the practices of teachers. The course helps to deconstruct this fragmented imaginary of knowledge areas. It was found that even though students are in the final phase of basic education, they still struggle with conceptualization and application of Chemistry and History concepts, often due to the lack of classroom approach by subject teachers. The research also pointed out that the difficulty in developing a History of Chemistry course is driven by the teacher's lack of knowledge in the History of Science. It is hoped that this work contributes to the discussion of pedagogical practices regarding the History of Science, specifically the History of Chemistry, aiming to promote conscious and critical education in high school and vocational high school, as well as encourage further research on the subject. Keywords: High School, History of Science
Influência de telas de sombreamento no desenvolvimento e produção de hortaliças folhosas: estudo exploratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Costa, Mariana Caroline Veiga; Gazzola, Jonathan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159433721761670; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9159505551125120
Leafy vegetables are sensitive plants to environmental conditions, such as light, temperature and relative humidity. In order to mitigate the impacts caused by the environment are used practices of protected cultivation from the use of shading screens, in order to reduce solar radiation, air and soil temperature, in addition to protecting the plants and provide gains in production. However, there may be few studies about the influence of shade screens on leafy vegetables of agronomic interest, considering the various planting seasons. Thus, the objective of this work is to present an exploratory study on the influence of different shading screens on leafy vegetables, aiming to expose the effects, benefits and hazards of these environments on crops. To this end, the precepts of the exploratory study were used, based on data from bibliographic research already developed in book contents and scientific articles. Searching for results of leaf area, number of leaves, plant height and mass of fresh matter, with the purpose of developing graphs and tables, as well as discussing growth and productivity data. From this, it was found that the data on the influence of shading screens on leafy vegetables may be divergent, because each genetic material adapts in different ways to the environment where they are inserted, and it should always be taken into account that the responses of each individual vary according to species, cultivar, location and time of planting. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the use of shading screens requires a certain mastery of production techniques to obtain gains, as well as to remain in the productive market.
Aplicação de SVM na classificação de falhas em rolamentos: uma comparação entre o domínio tempo e tempo-frequência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Miranda, Isac José Silva; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8672686240757378
In order to enhance the operational efficiency of mechanical components, predictive maintenance has emerged as a critical technique for detecting potential failures before they lead to severe consequences such as accidents, productivity losses, and unexpected disruptions in production processes. This investigation employed vibration analysis to differentiate faults in spherical bearings, utilizing vibration signals collected from both faultless bearings and those bearing point defects. Statistical descriptors such as standard deviation, root mean square value, and shape factor were employed in the time domain, while the wavelet packet transform, featuring energy values and Shannon entropy in the time-frequency domain, was used to perform the analyses. The data was classified using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning algorithm. Both approaches demonstrated their effectiveness in discerning the signals, with prediction accuracies of 97.92% and 100%, respectively, highlighting the feasibility of this technique for fault identification in spherical bearings. The time-frequency approach was more effective than the time domain approach, as the latter yielded misclassifications in certain cases.
Análise de oportunidades e desafios da gestão de resíduos sólidos no município de Simão Dias (SE)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Almeida, Camila Couto de; Ventura, Katia Sakihama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-668X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1467419456337635; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-5303
In Brazil, total access to basic sanitation is a challenge, where the rates of care and deficit vary according to the income, region, and isolation of the areas and size of the municipality. The absence of adequate management of solid waste results in environmental, social, and economic impacts. Considering that it is the municipal competence for the integrated management of solid waste generated in the respective areas observed in small municipalities (municipalities with up to 50,000 inhabitants) for proper management is the lack of financial resources and professionals with technical capacity. About 89% of Brazilian municipalities are within this category. These challenges are aggravated by factors in rural areas, a common reality in small municipalities. In Simão Dias (SE), a city with about 40,000 inhabitants, located inland of Sergipe and with strong rural influence, there is no legal compliance to solid waste management properly. Thus, the general objective of the research was to analyze the opportunities and challenges of municipal solid waste management in the municipality of Simão Dias (SE). For this, the accomplished steps were: a) a literature review of solid waste in the nation and recommendations in an international and national context; b) a characterization of the solid waste in Simão Dias through local visitation (Article 1) and c) use of strategic evaluation tools (SWOT and 5W2H) to solid waste management (Article 2). The main challenges were the absence of public policies for appropriate management, lack of knowledge about the origin and quantification of waste disposal, absence of adequate segregation in the generating source, and inefficiency of actions for selective collection. The performance of the current cooperative and the municipal participation in a consortium stood out as opportunities. Regarding the identified challenges, 11 proposals for actions were detailed, such as the construction of landfill, an elaboration of the municipal plan for integrated solid waste management and environmental education initiatives for segregation of solid waste properly in the city.
Significados da felicidade nas dimensões do espaço urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-16) Ueda, Guilherme Shoiti; Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-7615; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5529998790545038; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7529-4064
This thesis investigates the use of happiness as a guiding principle to comprehensively understand the production of urban space. To do this, the concept of happiness is analyzed in different theoretical perspectives, seeking to understand how it influences human attitudes and behaviors, which determine the way spaces are built and used. In this way, connections are established between different areas of knowledge, such as philosophy, psychology, psychoanalysis, and geography, to establish a relationship between happiness and urban space. The thesis argues that this relationship is bidirectional, conceiving the city as a continuous process of deconstruction, based on the hypothesis that the contemporary conception of happiness is artificially created to satisfy the interests of capitalism, distancing the human being from the biological cycles of natural ecosystems. In this context, the role of territoriality, ethics, security and culture is also analyzed as fundamental elements for the formation of a new world view, in which ecological consciousness is internalized and can generate a cycle of happiness.