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Mosaico das mudanças climáticas: um jogo como recurso para o ensino sobre os impactos das mudanças climáticas no ambiente rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Calderan, Andre Mafra; Agostini, Kayna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811221064314369
The impacts of climate change affect the resilience of ecosystems and, consequently, the availability of ecosystem services that human beings benefit from for their well-being in different realities. These consequences are caused by the increase in the number of extreme weather events, such as storms, which imply large social and environmental losses. In view of its impacts, one of the most urgent strategies to be implemented is adaptation, however, little is discussed about how they can be done. In addition, inequalities in access to adequate infrastructure, access to information and awareness of this problem, and the level of organization of the population are limiting factors for the success of adaptation strategies. The school, considered as a space for social and community organization, is also a privileged place for the reduction of these inequalities. Teachers who are in contact with different families in the school routine form an essential group for facing the climate emergency and play a very relevant role in adaptation strategies, due to their potential to raise awareness in school communities about climate change and the possibilities of existing adaptation and mitigation measures. In view of these scenarios, a game is proposed for teaching climate change considering the rural environment. Games can be a potentiating tool for critical scientific learning and clarification on current socio-environmental issues emerging on the planet within the school space, since their proposal can bring students closer to real situations that guide them to reality. Also, it is understood as a source of motivation for learning. It is hoped, therefore, that this game can contribute to the teaching process of complex themes, such as climate change, in playful, fun and interactive ways, allowing students to assume different roles of actors present in the studied contexts and explore, critically, the impact of climate change on different realities.
Injection overmolding of polycarbonate-aluminum alloys hybrid structures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Oliveira, Gean Henrique Marcatto de; Amancio-Filho, Sergio de Traglia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609614295379921; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-1349; Canto, Leonardo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-005X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2892871093566684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-3643
Overlap joints between polycarbonate (PC) and aluminum alloys AA6061 and AlSi10Mg were manufactured by injection overmolding and evaluated regarding the interfacial structure and mechanical performance. The injection overmolding parameters; barrel temperature, injection speed and holding pressure were optimized through a design of experiments, using AA6061 inserts machined from an rolled sheet and laser surface textured. The injection molding parameters studied showed a positive effect on the filling of the grooves on the metal surface. The ultimate lap-shear force (ULSF) was used as a response and the values correlated to the filling of the polymer into the grooves of the metal surface, the molding conditions and the rheology of the polymer. Additionally, with the aid of design of experiments, AlSi10Mg inserts were produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), and their surfaces were structured with submillimetrical dimensions features on the metal surface, so-called, inkpot-like, mushroom-like and lattice structures. Afterwards, the metal inserts were hybridized with PC via injection overmolding and the interfacial strength were evaluated. PC/AA6061 and PC/AlSi10Mg joints exhibited outstanding joining strength of 7.2 MPa ± 0.5 MPa and 20.5 MPa ± 3.8 MPa, respectively. Fracture analysis through optical and scanning electron microscopies and digital image correlation (DIC) was used to elucidate the joint failure mechanisms. In dynamic fatigue testing, joints exhibited fatigue life close to 30% ULSF, demonstrating excellent mechanical durability. In addition, PC/AA6061 joints showed excellent hygrothermal stability. The findings add to the comprehension of the manufacturing, mechanical behavior and durability of injection overmolded polymer-metal hybrid structures.
Cálculo da energia de falha de empilhamento através da teoria do funcional da densidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Mancilha, Pedro Henrique; Coury, Francisco Gil; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8609825406277730
Due to the large number of possible compositions, multicomponent alloys present a wide spectrum of properties, especially mechanical, when compared to traditional ones. In this context, the use of methods that allow knowing in advance the effect of composition on the properties of these alloys is essential to enable their development with optimized experimental effort. In particular, various alloys that undergo the TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) and TWIP (twinning-induced plasticity) effects during plastic deformation tend to exhibit excellent combinations of strength and ductility. The activation of these deformation mechanisms is directly associated with the stacking fault energy, a property whose experimental determination, although possible, is not feasible for large amounts of compositions. Computational simulation methods based on quantum mechanics, that is, first principles methods, such as those based on density functional theory, allow estimating this property for the most varied compositions and, therefore, the optimized development of new alloys. Thus, in this work, the two main methods for calculating the stacking fault energy through density functional theory – the supercell method and the axial interaction model – are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Furthermore, an introduction to density functional theory and related concepts is briefly presented.
Trabalhadoras domésticas e suas filhas: um estudo sobre as percepções de mobilidade social em duas gerações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Leão, Leilyane Souza; Pires, Aline Suelen; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8860270341724853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7075487144200665
This work aims to understand the perceptions of social mobility of two generations from popular class families. The participants of the research were domestic workers who migrated between the late 1960s and the mid-1990s to the Southeast of the country and their daughters inserted in the context of the 2010s and 2020s. We tried to access mothers’ and daughters’ perceptions about their strategies to break with a particular social situation of origin. In the case of mothers, the hypothesis is that they found in domestic employment an alternative to break with a routine of hard and precarious work in the plantations. In the case of daughters, we tried to investigate how elongated schooling allowed the access to other professions different of their mothers' occupation. In this sense, we take into consideration the creation of public policies for education, especially the expansion of access to higher education between the decade of 2000 and 2010. Considering the transformations in domestic work between two generations from working class families, the objective of this study is to understand the relationships among migration, generation, gender, and social mobility in contemporary Brazil. Through the method of life stories, trajectories, and narratives, we sought to access the perceptions and meanings attributed by the participants of this research to their mobility experiences.
Conhecimento etnomicológico de uma comunidade rural no Sudoeste Paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Elias, Amanda Prado; Trierveiler-Pereira, Larissa; Baltazar, Juliano Marcon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8657253415860174; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2351315811267647
Ethnobiology is the study of a society’s knowledge of nature and how it is linked to its cultural and social development. Among the branches of ethnobiology, ethnomicology proposes to investigate the relationship between humans and fungi, their uses, meanings and perceptions. The ethnomycological study in Brazil still has a low number of references and much of the knowledge in this area was generated from studies with indigenous people. However, many other communities in our country can be recognized as holders of traditional knowledge, such as the caipiras. Thus, the present work aimed to investigate the ethnomycological knowledge of a rural community located in the Southwestern São Paulo, more specifically, in the Guareí Velho district, Angatuba. The project used the methodology of an ethnographic research, of a qualitative (stage 1) and quantitative (stage 2) character. The interviews in both stages involved questions about taxonomy, ecology and uses related to fungi. Fungal specimens collected and color photographs were used as a guiding resource for the discussion. Finally, in order to provide a counterpart to the community, two scientific dissemination materials were developed, one for the first stage and the other for the second. The materials developed addressed discussions on traditional knowledge and mycological scientific knowledge, although they have different purposes. The work recorded the medicinal use of puff-balls, the edibility report of the species Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Mont.) Henn. and the playful use of puff-balls and pasture agaricales. In addition, collaborators showed interest and admiration about fungal organisms, their morphological and ecological aspects, but they do not use them in their daily lives. Thus, we can infer that the community is characterized as neutral, since it does not fully fit the classification of mycophile-mycophobe proposed by Robert and Valentina Wasson.
Efeito da terapia manual no processamento da dor em pessoas com osteoartrite de joelho: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Ribeiro, Paula Fernanda Savio; Selistre, Luiz Fernando Approbato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776458133234039; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2300776868003064
Introduction: Studies show that people with osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA) are sensitized, which occurs due to a high local nociceptive input that leads to central hyperexcitability and nociplastic changes, such as reduced effectiveness of pain inhibitory pathways. To assess perceptual responses to sensory stimuli and characterize somatosensory function or dysfunction, a set of quantitative sensory tests (QST) are used, which assess local and generalized hypersensitivity, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation. A manual therapy has been used as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis, in addition to being effective in reducing pain, joint capacity and physical function, it also seems to improve pain modulation, increase pain thresholds and reduce summation temporal, but we need to understand the interventions that cause this effect. Objective: This review aimed to synthesize current documents on manual therapy in people with KOA, assessed by the QST compared to placebo or other interventions. Methods: A systematic review was carried out in the CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro and Medline databases and the methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: The search found 3732 studies, of which 46 were selected for full reading and of these, only 3 met the necessary criteria for analysis. Only 3 studies were found that used manual therapy and that evaluated the pressure pain threshold. Two studies compared a manual therapy group and a placebo group, while another study divided participants into three groups, two with manual therapy and one with electrotherapy. No studies were found that used other evaluation forms, such as conditioned pain modulation or temporal summation. The studies found very different intervention methods, and only one showed a significant change in the pressure pain threshold. Conclusion: We can conclude that the findings were insufficient to show a change in pain processing after using the therapy manual in this population.
Caracterização da diversidade filogenética e o legado de paisagens em comunidades de peixes de riacho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Guerra, Pedro Pontes Bueno; Saito, Victor Satoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312862423985585; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0703284086570453
Freshwater fish constitute the most diverse group of continental vertebrates recorded, in which the aquatic ecosystems they inhabit are in constant and complex connection with the vegetative area around them. Furthermore, changes in riparian vegetation and how they impact the biodiversity of the aquatic environments with which they interact are being studied, although there are still many knowledge gaps. The present work aims to investigate the phylogenetic diversity of fish communities from 38 streams sampled in 2003 and 2013 in the Brazilian Southeast region (a period marked by intense conversion of pasture areas into sugarcane areas). The results from the generated phylogenetic tree showed the 54 identified species dispersed over 16 families and 5 orders. The main phylogenetic diversity metrics calculated reinforced the relationship between richness and phylogenetic diversity at the metacommunity level, in addition to allowing the observation of high values of evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) both in endemic species and in non-native generalist species. The investigation of the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of each stream and analysis of the correlation of this diversity with variations in environmental gradients related to land use showed little direct correlation between the variables. However, we observed a weakening trend in the correlations in the comparison between 2003 and 2013, indicating the possibility of the legacy of these changes in land use making these relationships even more complex. In summary, the study offers new perspectives on the phylogenetic diversity of freshwater fish communities and highlights the importance of a holistic approach to the conservation of these ecosystems. In addition, it is essential to understand that the environmental gradient that surrounds each stream is complex and the analyzes start from regions that already have a long history of recurrent environmental changes that are not duly registered. Such conclusions reinforce the need for monitoring biodiversity and changes in the regions, to allow more assertive conclusions of the ecosystemic consequences, in addition to effective policies for their conservation.
Um panorama sobre a gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos químicos em algumas Universidades Brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Carvalho, Lorys; Silva, Paula Adriana da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8812325185766446; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8479-6744; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8774879101627164; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6015-3893
The theme, chemical residues, has been much discussed in recent years, mainly due to the environmental issue, causing several institutions moving to solve problems with their passive and active residues, which in large part have been stored for many years, causing storage and security issues. Some universities have been concerned with these problems for some years, so they have put into practice a Chemical Residues Management Plan, with the intention of standardizing and improving management of waste in the generating units, worrying from segregation to the correct final destination. The present work brings a systematic bibliographic review on the management of chemical waste in 40 Brazilian Universities in order to compare and identify which Universities have or do not have information about the management of their chemical waste. It is noted that only 8 institutions presented some PGRS/PGRQ document, so it is possible to observe that the topic is still little discussed or treated in a concrete way within Brazilian Universities.
Validação do questionário Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) a partir da correlação com o StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) em pacientes com hemiparesia crônica pós AVC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Reis, Gabriela Cristina; Pereira, Natalia Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408152349657748; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6688460178346807
Background: The stroke causes disabilities in the Brazilian population, having a major biopsychosocial impact on the lives of its victims. Hemiparesis is one of the sequelae and is characterized by motor and sensory impairment of a hemibody. These changes in body function reduce mobility capacity, limiting activities and restrict the social participation of post-stroke individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mobility of these individuals in the real environment so that the impact of this health condition. The StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) accelerometer has been used to count the number of steps in a real environment and has validity for this measurement in people with post-stroke hemiparesis. More recently, the Lower Extremity Motor Activity Log (LE-MAL) questionnaire was translated into Portuguese, which measures the use of the affected lower limb in the living spaces of people with hemiparesis. Objective: In the literature there are no studies that correlate these instruments Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the correlation between the activity monitor SAM and the LE-MAL questionnaire, based on the hypothesis that the instruments have a moderate and positive correlation, which would reduce the cost of assessing mobility of the people with chronic stroke. Methods: Study cross-sectional with convenience sample, in which the number of steps was collected through the SAM for 3 consecutive days for at least 10 hours a day and the LEMAL questionnaire was applied. The correlation between LE-MAL and SAM was determined using the Pearson correlation test. The values adopted were: very low (values < 0.26), low (between 0.26 and 0.49), moderate (between 0.50 and 0.69), high (between 0.70 and 0.89) or very high (between 0.90 and -1.00). Results: The correlation between the media of the number of steps captured by SAM with the total LE-MAL score was positive and considered moderate with a value of 0.68 and p=0.001. Conclusion: The LE-MAL scale has a positive and moderate correlation with the SAM.
Telereabilitação como alternativa ao atendimento presencial devido à pandemia Covid-19 e seus efeitos na cognição e desempenho de dupla tarefa de idosos com demência: um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Bueno Neto, Décio; Tsen, Carolina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496018363225328; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-1596; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5818; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4991602933411666; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-5697
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way health services are provided. Older people with dementias, have three times the risk of COVID-19 severity and death. the detachment social was an effective measure to control the pace of viral transmission, however, when added physical inactivity generates serious losses of cognitive abilities, as well as worsening impairment of performance when performing two tasks at the same time - Dual Task (DT), enabling greater functional impairment. Telerehabilitation can be an alternative professional intervention in the fight against physical inactivity, however, in Brazil, studies involving this theme are still scarce. Objective: To analyze the effects of a telerehabilitation program with physical exercises Multimodality in cognition and performance of TD in elderly with dementia in the face of social distancing against COVID-19. Methods: Volunteers were randomized and allocated into two groups: Telerehabilitation (TG) and Control (GC) and followed for 12 weeks, with the TG receiving the intervention three times a week on non-consecutive days. Participants were diagnosed of dementia confirmed by the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V) and classified in mild and moderate stage by the Clinical Scale of Dementia Assessment (CDR). The volunteers were evaluated cognitively by tests Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (DRT) and Fluency Test Verbal Semantics (FVS), as well as physically through the dual task, respectively, through the tests of the Time Up and Go (TUG) and Time Up and Go-Dupla Task (TUG-DT), in the pre and immediately following the intervention, with all testing also taking place in an online format. He was Anova two-ways test was used to analyze the results. Results: Participated in the present study 77 elderly people with dementia, being randomized 38 for the CG and 39 for the TG. Finished the two evaluation moments 63 elderly (29 in the CG and 34 in the TG). Through Anova two-ways, Observed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) for the FVS variables (p<0.001) and TUG-DT (p = 0.038) between evaluation times. The TUG-DT was also statistically significant for the difference between groups (p = 0.033). Finally, the cost of dual tasking, for the outcome time (CDT-T), there was a significant difference in the relationship between groups and time (Time*Group) (p=0.038) and between groups (p=0.032). The other variables do not showed significant values. Conclusion: Given these findings, the program of telerehabilitation for elderly people with dementia, in the face of social distancing in the face of COVID-19 has maintenance effects of dual task capacities, avoiding the worsening in the cost of this variable. At the However, there are no improvement effects on cognitive functions. New studies need to be designed to study this topic.
Tecnologias rápidas para a avaliação da qualidade de sementes florestais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Teração, Bruna Santos; Almeida, Lausanne Soraya de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6324511279955544; Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-448X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5128742951377199; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-8672
Aiming to contribute to research on the quality of forest seeds, focusing on species with potential use in direct sowing, the present work, in its first chapter, sought to describe the state of the art on the rapid tests most used in the evaluation of seed vigor, through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and establish protocols for the target species: Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Vell.) Mattos, Croton urucurana Baill, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, Jacaranda cuspidifolia (Mart.), Platypodium elegans Vogel and Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng .) Harms. Articles, dissertations and theses were considered, using Google academic, with the keywords: seed; germination; emergency; vigor tests; seed analysis and methodology, from 1990 to 2021, totaling 3,026 recovered files. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1.2% (n = 32) of the papers were selected. It was possible to obtain reference procedures on tetrazolium and electrical conductivity, however, the lack of tests in different batches, origins and vintages did not allow the proposition of protocols, making it difficult to standardize the methodologies. In the second chapter, the germination (TG), tetrazolium (TZ) and electrical conductivity (EC) tests were compared in seeds with different vigor conditions, obtained after five aging periods (100% RH at 42ºC) using the species H. heptaphyllus, J. cuspidifolia and G. integrifolia. In EC the seeds were immersed in 20 ml of deionized water for 24 hours. For the TZ, they were soaked in water for 24 hours and then exposed to a solution of 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.075%, for 24 hours, at 36, 35 and 40°C, respectively. Germination percentage (%G), normal seedlings (%PN) and germination speed index (IVG) were also evaluated. Spearman's correlation (%G, EC, TZ, %PN and IVG), and polynomial regression (%G, %PN and IVG as a function of EC) according to the aging times, indicated for H. heptaphyllus and G. integrifolia a strong (0.60 < r ≤ 0.90) and very strong (0.90< r < 1) association between all variables, in addition to high coefficients of determination (R2= 0.85; 0.70; 0.70 and 0.82; 0.86; 0.79) obtained 71 and 61% of viable seeds by TZ, and EC of 224.06 and 406.34 µs.cm-1.g-1 respectively. While for J. cuspidifolia, the correlation was weak (r ≤ 0.30) for EC and the other variables and moderate (0.30 < r ≤ 0.60) between TZ and TG, %PN and IVG, in addition to low coefficients of determination (R2= 0.17; 0.06 and 0.05), obtained 80% of viable seeds by TZ, with EC of 206.96 µs.cm-1.g-1. The TZ and CE tests were sensitive to separate seeds with different vigor levels for H. heptaphyllus and G. integrifolia, but for J. cuspidifolia CE was not efficient.
Dimensões de acessibilidade na formação acadêmica de universitários com baixa visão: revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Ferrandi, Daiani Aparecida; Silva, Josana Carla Gomes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0258235198606993; Orlando, Rosimeire Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2083962621062317
Visually impaired students face difficulties in accessing and staying in higher education related to physical and attitudinal barriers present in higher education institutions. Considering educational policies that guarantee these students' access to this educational level, it is important to evaluate the presence of strategies that guarantee their permanence in the academic space and enable the provision of quality education. The objective of this Course Completion Work was: to investigate the dimensions of accessibility presented in scientific research and indicate which ones allow access to academic training for students with low vision in Brazilian higher education. As specific objectives: a) Investigate studies that deal with the dimensions of accessibility for people with low vision; b) Characterize which dimensions are present in the formation of students with low vision in Brazilian Higher Education; c) Indicate which of these dimensions contribute to the permanence of these students in higher education. For that, the research used the Systematic Review method. The databases used were: SciELO and CAPES. Twelve articles were analyzed, which showed that the barriers faced by people with visual impairments during their academic training run mainly through two axes, namely: (i) Accessibility in its different dimensions and (ii) Teacher training. It was possible to consider that the inclusion of people with low vision in Brazilian higher education has many initiatives created from public policies. However, it is not always visible actions for the development of strategies and changes that allow the access and permanence of these people in the academic environment, both by the institution and the teaching staff, without guaranteeing and complying with the legislation, which has as its The objective is to guarantee access for this public in Brazilian higher education institutions, highlighting the importance of greater attention focused on the process of inclusion of students with low vision in order to ensure that these individuals have access and permanence in an effective manner. It is expected that this research can contribute to the theme raised and that it attracts new looks to the public discussed here, in order to collaborate for new analyzes carried out in the future, bringing new information to the theme.
Comparação entre os orçamentos de uma edificação térrea de alto padrão em light steel frame e em concreto armado com alvenaria de vedação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Pereira, Lucas Henrique Souza; Nicoletti, Renato Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3109388079611718; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8525618307488041
The Brazilian construction of houses and buildings is mainly composed of reinforced concrete and masonry, which have a low degree of industrialization, thus generating waste and rework. The light steel frame (LSF) and wood frame (WF) construction systems change this reality, due to the high level of industrialization, for this and other reasons these systems are used on a large scale in several countries. As these construction systems are not widespread in Brazil, there is a lack of knowledge and misinformation, so the work carried out seeks to elucidate the characteristics of construction systems, through a bibliographic survey, drawing a comparison between the LSF and WF from the project phase and post-occupancy, showing the similarities and differences between the systems. In addition, it aims to prove the economic viability of such projects, therefore, a case study will be prepared, adopting as a parameter a high-end single-family residence built in concrete and masonry, this project will be adapted to the LSF and WF systems, to do the precise material listing and budget. For the case study carried out, the total cost of services (considering materials and labor) was about 14% higher for the LSF system compared to the conventional solution, but this does not make the system unfeasible for those who seek a quick, efficient construction with zero waste. Specifically, in the foundation and superstructure stages, the conventional solution cost 80% and 11% higher than the LSF solution. However, in the closing stage (for the adopted methodology) the cost of the LSF solution was 71% higher than the conventional solution, mainly due to the use of high-performance and industrialized materials.
Análise in silico para definição de common core microbiano associado a condições com degradação de surfactante aniônico alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado (LAS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Lima, Isadora Soares de; Delforno, Tiago Palladino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8149468011291406; Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0559446683939243
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the anionic surfactant of greatest economic interest worldwide. Its biodegradation route involves reactions of fumarate addition, β-oxidation, cleavage of the aromatic ring and desulfonation. Since this is a complex process, the use of varied sets of microorganisms makes it possible to take advantage of different metabolisms and enzymes in the degradation of LAS. However, there is a lack of literature on the microorganisms that play a key role in the degradation of surfactant in biological reactors. This study aimed to define the microbial common core associated with the degradation of anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in bioreactors, from data mining available in public databases containing raw 16S rRNA gene sequences. Forty-six 16S rRNA gene samples, obtained from 12 scientific papers, were analyzed using bioinformatics tools combined with a workflow in R software. The most abundant genera among the samples were Methanosaeta (4.6%) and C39 (2.3%). The genus SJA-28 was predominant in the common core clusters and was present in six of the seven clusters constructed, followed by the Reyranella and Christensenellaceae R-7 group, found in five common cores, and Candidatus Magasanikbacteria, in four cores. By functional profile analysis, enzymes were found related to the fumarate addition, desulfonation and β-oxidation steps of LAS biodegradation.
Neutralização da alcalinidade de resíduo de bauxita por pirólise sinérgica com produtos provenientes de resíduos sólidos urbano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Seno Junior, Roberto; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-8163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293844508459977; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-9410
Large-scale use of bauxite residue, a byproduct generated during the refining process of the ore used for aluminum production, has been a challenge for more than a century. The large mass continuously produced, associated with its high alkalinity, makes it technically and economically challenging to use the material in the production of other products. It is estimated that there are more than 1.5 billion tons of bauxite residue stored globally, and less than 3% of the annual generation is used, mainly for cement production. Given the expected growth in aluminum production and the consequent increase in bauxite residue generation, finding new ways to process and use this material is even more relevant. The pH neutralization of bauxite residue with CO2 and organic acids is well-known and has been published by several authors. However, recent studies show that bio-oil produced from different types of biomass pyrolysis and synergistic pyrolysis of biomass with bauxite residue are capable of promoting bauxite residue neutralization. The aim of the study was to investigate the alkaline neutralization of bauxite residue through synergistic pyrolysis with products from municipal solid waste (MSW). Two types of MSW were used in the form of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from different producers, and bauxite residue was generated by the alumina refinery from Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio (CBA). Different mass proportions of RFD were used: 0, 10, 20, and 50%. A pyrolysis test was performed using muffle and crucibles, with a residence time of 20 minutes at four different temperatures: 200, 400, 600, and 800 oC. The results indicated that neutralization of the bauxite residue occurred at temperatures of 200 and 400 oC when 50% of RFD was used in the blend. The best performance was observed at 400 oC, with a final pH of 8. Synergistic pyrolysis of RFD and bauxite residue was effective in promoting a reduction in the alkaline content of the latter.
Avaliação de iniciativas para gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos nos municípios integrantes do Consórcio Intermunicipal do Oeste Paulista (CIRSOP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Pestana, Laura de Oliveira Battistini; Ventura, Katia Sakihama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765182109837821; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-668X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3276023407831857; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1692-8016
The increase in the population's consumption rates, domestic activities and sweeping and public cleaning services results in the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). When disposed of inadequately, they generate negative impacts, capable of causing interference to human health and the environment. In 2010, the Federal Law 12,305/2010 established the National Policy for Solid Waste (NPSW), responsible for regulating aspects involving the integrated management of solid waste. Its text highlights guidelines and initiatives to ensure that its objectives are met, 5 of which are the object of this research: sanitary landfill, selective collection, composting, reverse logistics, and public consortium. The latter allows for regionalized arrangements of service provision and greater concentration of resources to enable the implementation of the other guidelines foreseen in the legislation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the implementation of the NPSW initiatives for the municipalities of the Intermunicipal Consortium for Solid Waste Management of Western São Paulo (CIRSOP). The methodology consists of 6 steps, which are: i) Identification of studies on NPSW recommendations; ii) Characterization of the study object; iii) Evaluation of the guidelines by the SAGReS software; iv) Preparation of georeferenced maps; v) Recommendations for CIRSOP; vi) Comparative analysis between the research results and the proposals of the consortium's Intermunicipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management. The results show that NPSW initiatives are not widely applied in the studied consortium municipalities. Of the total of 10 municipalities, 50% send their solid waste to sanitary landfills. Furthermore, there is: i) lack of control of working conditions in the selective collection cooperatives, ii) lack of environmentally adequate final destination of organic waste through composting, iii) lack of control of parameters for reverse logistics and, finally, iv) the need to disseminate information online, as these are not fully available and/or updated. Among the recommendations for the CIRSOP, there are activities focused on environmental education, implementation of shared sanitary landfills, control of management operations through indicators and encouragement of domestic composting stand out.
Concentrações ambientais de cobre induzem ao acúmulo de biomoléculas em Ankistrodesmus fusiformis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Oliveira, Rafael Vinicius de; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2028197692453396
Microalgae are important photosynthetic organisms and have a fundamental role as the base of the food chain. Additionally, they are also one of the main ways that nutrients and other substances, such as heavy metals, enter higher trophic levels. Currently, interest in microalgae is increasing due to their biotechnological potential, producing valuable molecules in areas such as pharmacology, food, aquaculture, and agriculture. Owing to their physiological plasticity, microalgae are capable of synthesizing compounds that protect them against environmental changes. Recent studies have shown that low doses of copper can increase the productivity of biomolecules in some species of microalgae. This project aimed to determine the concentrations of copper capable of inducing the synthesis of biomolecules in the species Ankistrodesmus fusiformis. Using tools from ecotoxicology, we calculated EC10 - EC50 concentrations based on population density and cell viability, as well as analyzed growth rate, intracellular protein, lipid, total carbohydrate, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content, along with antioxidant potential (DPPH method). We observed a stimulating effect at intermediate copper concentrations, but in the treatment with the highest metal concentration, a toxic effect was observed. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of copper on the physiology of microalgae, while also providing potential strategies to increase the production of biomolecules, which is significant for the fields of biology and biotechnology.
Influência da cura térmica em geopolímeros à base de metacaulim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Maturana, Murilo de Carvalho; Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1739878625326766
Geopolymers are an alternative that has been proving interesting compared to the use of Portland cement due to the potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the production of the material. However, its physical and mechanical characteristics still need to be further studied and disseminated in the literature. In this sense, the present work sought to evaluate the compressive strength of paste and metakaolin-based geopolymeric mortar subjected to different exposure times and thermal curing temperatures. For this, 7 experimental plans for the paste and 7 experimental plans for the mortar were elaborated, in which the curing temperature and the time of exposure to this temperature were varied and subsequently broken under compression to determine the average strength. There was a trend, in general terms, of resistance reduction as a function of temperature increase, a factor consistent with the results described in the literature. Furthermore, for paste, the best result was obtained for specimens cured at 40°C for 2h, with 28.06 MPa and for mortar, the best performance was for specimens cured at 60°C for 2h. It was concluded, therefore, that the curing temperature directly influenced the resistance of the paste and mortar specimens and the exposure time to this temperature influenced the resistance only of the mortar.
A indústria automobilística como tema para abordagem de gases poluentes: uma proposta pedagógica para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Ribeiro, Jéssica Heloise de Oliveira; Milaré, Tathiane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030661520659155; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3461333628046333
This work aims to develop a pedagogical proposal for high school students in order to contextualize the Chemistry content with the daily life of these students through the theme of the automobile industry, in addition to promoting reflections on this theme and its environmental and health consequences. It is proposed, for this, to carry out classes structured in five stages, with the intention of carrying out theoretical and practical activities with audiovisual resources. The realization of this proposal provides for an improvement in the dynamics of Chemistry classes, seeking greater participation and interest from students. With this monograph, it was possible to verify other potential themes for the approach on the emission of polluting gases, as is the case of agribusiness and deforestation in Brazil.
Materiais compósitos de matriz polimérica na indústria aeronáutica e perspectiva crítica de potencialidade: polímeros com memória de forma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-24) Nunes, Chiara Prado; Marini, Juliano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4533610255047654
The present work has as its central theme the use of composite materials of polymeric matrix in aircraft from a perspective of the shape memory property. The application of polymeric materials through composites in aircraft is being used as a method mainly to reduce costs, however, it is directly linked to innovations and technological advances that this class of materials can provide; either by a structural aspect or even by a multifunctionality factor, a characteristic that has been gaining more and more strength in high-performance industries. Thus, further technical, and specific studies on this class of materials have become crucial for Materials Science and Engineering since it symbolizes significant advances for both scientific academia and the aeronautical industrial sector. To this end, the general objective is to carry out a critical analysis and progress analysis of composite materials of polymeric matrix focusing on a particular property: shape memory, analyzing the possibility and feasibility of using materials of this class in a certain articulated part of the airplane wing, the flap, since it is a component of the wing that moves in different phases of flight and at different temperatures, the presence of a property in the material that brings mobility and multifunctionality becomes attractive for the application. Thus, reference institutions in aeronautics are devoting efforts to improving the efficiency of aircraft and improving knowledge the biggest challenge to be overcome is in the mechanical properties and complete understanding of the behavior of these materials for more accurate simulations, however, the use of reinforcements in the matrix is a technique that can mitigate the mechanical deficiency found. Therefore, composites based on styrene and mainly composites based on epoxy are showing great promise in this area. Finally, shape memory polymer matrix composites are a growing subject, and the aeronautic industry has a great collaboration in this scientific progress.