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Índices mínimos de produtividade e cumprimento da função social da propriedade: uma análise da atualidade do grau de eficiência da exploração (GEE) da soja por agrupamentos regionais delimitados pelo INCRA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Silva, Jade Freitas da; Santos, Leandro de Lima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2750978055015275
The dynamic nature of the expropriation of unproductive agricultural properties is fundamental in fulfilling the social function of land and reducing social inequalities through Agrarian Reform. In Brazil, indices were designed that provide the basis for calculating the productive efficiency of a crop and attest to the rational and adequate use of land, as provided for in article 186 of the Federal Constitution. These indices were set by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the competent body, back in the 1970s and, therefore, may be out of date. This work aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the exploration efficiency index in relation to current soybean production levels in Brazil. The data were obtained from the IBGE Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM) survey, following the regional groupings established by INCRA. For the purposes of this research, a methodology was introduced to determine minimum levels of productive efficiency, based on distributional characteristics of soybean productivity in regional groupings, enabling the comparison of the current productive scenario with what is predicted as a requirement to attest land productivity, excluding it from the possibility of expropriation for failure to fulfill its social function.
Sistemas de gestão ambiental para empresas de pequeno porte: abordagem para otimizar a aderência do empreendedor no gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Mora, Miguel Cannavan; Tiezzi, Rafael de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7979063304544915
The growing generation of urban solid waste is a constant problem that Brazilian cities face over the years, attempts to optimize collection by public-private partnerships are being increasingly used to address this issue. Current systems focus on solving the management of urban waste considering the responsibility of public cleaning services to collect waste generated by society, once it is properly available. The government defines the responsibility for preparing a waste plan for companies with high waste generation and disregards small companies in this analysis, characterizing them as small generators of waste, similar to domestic waste and ceasing their management responsibility. The present work sought to evaluate the main difficulties for the small entrepreneur in adhering to a waste management system, combined with the structures provided and instruments studied by the public authorities to make this management feasible. Therefore, an action plan was carried out in two companies in the region of Sorocaba/SP, in order to understand the local difficulties in developing this type of management. Using the Zero Waste methodology, which includes a situational diagnosis of the companies, gravimetric analysis of the waste generated and an action plan to improve the company's adherence to the management system. The results pointed to the transformation capacity of those involved in adhering to sustainable practices, a new source of income with the recyclable materials selling and the proposition of tools that can assist in public decisionmaking to further facilitate the adherence of small entrepreneurs.
Estudo das Propriedades Tribológicas e Mecânicas do filme DLC multicamadas dopadas com nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Antonio Junior, Cesar Augusto; Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0139027055418391; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-8349; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9443920868703186; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-1360
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have excellent mechanical properties but have difficulties in adhering to metallic surfaces. Nitrogen doping in the structure of DLC films provides better adhesion of the film to the substrate, while the application of multilayer films can improve the mechanical properties of the films. The objective of this work is to carry out the deposition of DLC film in the monolayer and multilayer arrangement and to verify the influence of nitrogen doping on the mechanical and tribological properties of the DLC film deposited on the AISI 321 H stainless steel substrate, using the PECVD deposition method with DC-Pulsed source. For the deposition of the DLC film, a plasma ablation cleaning of the metallic substrate was performed with 80%Ar and 20%H2, then an organosilicon interlayer was deposited with 70%HMDSO and 30%Ar, and finally deposited the DLC film was deposited using 10%Ar and 90% CH4. In the deposition of nitrogen-doped DLC (DLCN), after cleaning the substrates by ablation and deposition of the interlayer, 70% CH4 and 30% N2 gas was used for film deposition. The multilayer films were deposited by varying the ordering of the DLC and DLCN films. A gradient deposition of the nitrogen-doped DLC film was also performed. The films were characterized by visual analysis, analysis of the physical-chemical structure evaluated by metallographic via SEM and EDS, Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, adhesion test by Rockwell C hardness, wear resistance, nanohardness test and scratch test. The monolayer DLC and DLCN films demonstrated uniform layers, with bands in the Raman and infrared spectra characteristic of the film. All depositions exhibited high wear resistance compared to the base material. The DLCN film showed superior adhesion compared to the DLC film, with similar hardness and modulus of elasticity between the films. In the deposition of the multilayer films, an acceptable adherence to the substrate was obtained, with an increase in wear resistance in relation to the substrate, but with the formation of defects in the film due to the drop in temperature that occurred during the treatment steps. The DLC film deposited in gradient showed the best adhesion and wear resistance results, maintaining hardness similar to the DLC and DLCN films, explained by the synergy of properties of the DLCN and DLC films deposited sequentially. It is concluded that DLC films significantly improve the tribological and surface mechanical properties of the material studied, the multilayer DLC films deposited without external heating present defects and gradient films proved to be an alternative to increase the film properties while maintaining good adhesion to metallic substrates.
Intervenção em educação parental para cuidadores de pré-adolescentes/adolescentes: uma revisão de literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Santos, Ana Paula Fernandes Castilho dos; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
The study presents an integrative literature review on parenting interventions aimed at parents of preadolescents and adolescents, with the purpose of identifying strategies, techniques, and approaches that have produced more positive results. Articles were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Bireme, Scielo, and Lilacs databases using the keywords: (intervention) AND (parents) AND (child* OR adolescen*), in April 2022. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of eleven articles constituted the final sample. Among the main topics addressed with this audience are parenting skills, communication, anxiety and depression, health education, externalizing and/or internalizing problems, conflict resolution, and positive parenting. Culturally appropriate interventions aimed at low to middle-income populations have shown promising results. It is also noteworthy that there is a lack of interventions that have collected data to assess outcomes from third-party informants: data collection conducted only with caregivers or caregivers and children is a significant limitation in the field. The importance of interventions aimed at this audience that carry methodological rigor, are evidence-based, and properly contextualized, as well as that prioritize the collection of reports from diverse sources, is emphasized.
Equilíbrio entre trabalho e vida pessoal de teletrabalhadores brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Rocha, Fabiana dos Santos; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7270-4918; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5238757469332055; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-3361
Work-life balance is gaining increasing attention around the world, considering its impact on workers’ health and on organizational outcomes. Although there is extensive research on work-family balance, it is important to use a broader definition of personal life in order to include workers with a wider range of life trajectories, contributing to a better balance between work and non-work for all those in the workforce. Furthermore, research evidence is needed to identify factors that affect perceptions of work-life balance among the growing number of people who are teleworkers. Thus, the overall objective of this thesis was to expand our understanding of work-life balance among Brazilian teleworkers. This objective was addressed through three studies. In Study 1, a cross-cultural adaptation of the Work/Life Balance Self-Assessment Scale was conducted, to assess perceptions of balance between work and personal life in a general sample of Brazilian workers (N = 340). Evidence for the validity of the Brazilian version of this instrument was found considering: the three-dimensional structure of the scale, adequate precision of these factors, and relationships among scores on the adapted scale and measures of satisfaction and stress at work. Considering the increase in telework at home (home office), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the other two studies the aim was to understand the impact of organizational variables on perceptions of work-life balance among Brazilian teleworkers. In Study 2, the relationship between conditions of flexibility, autonomy and overtime demands on perceptions of work-life balance among Brazilian teleworkers was examined. Participants who reported the presence of the analyzed target condition and those who reported the absence of the same condition were compared (N = 258). Teleworkers whose work conditions permitted flexibility and autonomy perceived better work-life balance than teleworkers without these conditions. In addition, teleworkers who reported working overtime perceived greater interference between work-personal life and personal life-work than teleworkers who did not face overtime demands. Finally, the objectives of Study 3 were to: (a) analyze the influence of five organizational variables (supportive organizational culture, management style, satisfaction with the manager, peer support, and satisfaction with colleagues) on perceptions of enhancement and of interference between work and personal life involvements, among teleworkers, and (b) based on boundary theory, analyze the role of managers as a mediator (border keeper) between a workplace culture that supports balance, and perceptions of enhancement or of interference between work and personal life involvements, among teleworkers (N = 148). A more supportive workplace culture predicted less work interference in personal life (adjusted R² =.19, p < 0.001), while higher satisfaction with one’s manager predicted perceptions of lower interference of personal life at work (adjusted R² =.04, p < 0.001) as well a more beneficial relationship between work-life involvements (adjusted R² =.12, p < 0.001). The role of the manager, represented by satisfaction with the manager, had a mediating effect on the relationship between supportiveness of the workplace culture and perceptions of work-life balance, partially supporting the concept of border keepers, based on boundary theory. Based on the results of these three studies, theoretical and methodological contributions were made, and evidence was presented indicating the influence of work conditions and organizational factors on perceptions of benefits and of interference in the relationship between work and personal life involvements, among Brazilian teleworkers. The results of Studies 2 and 3 can be used to develop policies and programs that help teleworkers achieve better work-life balance. Considering the influence of the pandemic, however, these results should be confirmed in the post-pandemic context. Longitudinal studies and the inclusion of other informants, in addition to the workers themselves, may also contribute to a better understanding of factors that affect teleworkers’ experiences of work-life balance.
Hidrogenólise do glicerol a propilenoglicol sob catalisadores de Ni-Cu/Al2O3 utilizando hidrogênio produzido in situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Pereira, José Henrique Negri; Santos, João Batista Oliveira dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285313473901330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6849851448930915
Catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol is one of the possible routes for converting glycerol into high commercial value products. The production of propylene glycol by catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol can be carried out in the liquid or gas phase with H2 feed. However, it is possible to perform this process without the addition of external H2 by using a suitable solvent. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the catalytic conversion of glycerol to propylene glycol and other products in the liquid phase by transfer catalytic hydrogenation using ethanol as a donor (CTH). For this purpose, Cu and Ni bimetallic catalysts supported on commercial alumina were synthesized with different metal ratios by wet impregnation method. The materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and diffraction, N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The characterizations of the materials showed that Cu and Ni have a synergistic effect on decreasing reduction reduction. The catalysts also showed low particle size (5-10nm) and good metal dispersion. The tests for catalytic evaluation were performed in a batch reactor and the parameters were 200 °C, 450 rpm, 20 mL of aqueous glycerol or ethanol solution (2.257 mol/L), reaction time of 4 or 24 h, and initial pressure of 20 bar of N2 or H2 with 350 mg of catalyst. The 6Ni4Cu/Al2O3 catalyst showed the best performance for CTH in 24 h of reaction with a conversion of 34.2% and selectivity for propylene glycol of 14.5%, while the reaction with external H2 resulted in a performance of 9.3% with a selectivity of 55.3%. For both hydrogen sources, there was a correlation between glycerol conversion and Cu/Ni ratio, and the process substitution for molecular hydrogen is achievable under the conditions of this work. Ni played a role in the catalyst increased the cleavage of the C-C bond, while Cu was important in increasing the selectivity to the desired product of the reaction. Post-reaction, X-ray fluorescence and diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that the main causes of catalytic deactivation are sintering, adsorption of products and reactants at the catalytic sites, boehmite formation and, to a minor extent, Cu leaching.
Educação inclusiva e a participação das famílias na educação infantil: breve levantamento de produções acadêmicas - 2017 a 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Santos, Louise de Freitas; Garcia, Vanessa Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9964848917453838; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3172327022500989
This research aims to understand what are the approaches analyzed in research related to inclusive education in early childhood education and the participation of families. To conduct this work, a bibliographical research was used with the BDTD theses and dissertations bank in order to map and understand the main subjects studied in relation to the content and which approaches were used by research carried out in the period from 2017 to 2022. It begins with the exposition of the concepts, carried out through research in legal documents, of early childhood education and inclusive education, and follows the methodological track used and from the results obtained makes a discussion on the topic.
Internacionalização acadêmica no Brasil: estudo de políticas e estratégias nacionais e internacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Reis, Ana Carolina Ale dos; Ferragi, Cesar Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8059661338196579; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-500X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8331242141246791
The internationalization strategy of colleges and universities is a mobility phenomenon that has been gaining strength, even after the pandemic, not only for strengthening the image of countries - soft power - but also for attracting financial and human resources to these destinations. By providing several benefits of a professional and personal development nature, the experience of carrying out an exchange, especially the short-term ones - study tour, has become increasingly common among Brazilian students. Based on a bibliographical survey and interviews with people who are directly related to the study tour theme, this work analyzes and discusses the main characteristics that involve the short-term international school exchange process, in Brazil and abroad, and their intersections with tourism. It is expected that this study can stimulate discussions that contribute to the development of the internationalization of higher education in Brazil, as well as highlight the importance of publicizing the country as a study tour destination for foreign students.
Perspectivas de mães adolescentes sobre o acolhimento em casa lar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Souza, Gabriela Sabrina da Silva; D'Affonseca, Sabrina Mazo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381029115416584
Institutional care of children in Brazil occurs when there are no more resources or possibilities for the child or adolescent to remain in their family of origin and, as a result, there is a separation from family life as a way of guaranteeing their protection. Foster care at Casa Lar emerges as a proposal to satisfy personalized care and in small groups by caregivers that stimulate the development of affective relationships similar to the family environment. The present study aimed to analyze the experiences of adolescents in Young mother’s Casa Lar. Two young women participated, one newly welcomed and the other discharged, both primiparous. A remote interview was carried out through the google meets platform. The interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was carried out. The results showed that the adolescents' perspective of Casa Lar was considered positive, and that this institutional environment was configured as a space that promoted affection, security and care. It discusses the need for public policies that act in the prolonged institutionalization of children and adolescents in foster care, and measures that contribute to the constant training of professionals linked to the service.
Reflexões sobre um curso de ecologia por correspondência: indícios do processo formativo a partir de documentos arquivados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Silva, Maria Fernanda Rosa da; Silva, Fernanda Keila Marinho da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7820423877203537
Zoos are very important institutions that perform social and environmental functions, one of their pillars being environmental education. The municipal zoo Quinzinho de Barros, in Sorocaba, was considered the precursor in environmental education activities in the 1970s and 1980s, and one of the activities carried out during this period was the production of a series of comics for children entitled: “Ecology course by Correspondence". This work aimed to discuss the content contained in the covers of the second edition of the course, performing a preliminary analysis of the knowledge that was passed on during that time. Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the objective of the course was not to teach content related to the area of science entitled ecology, but rather to use this vehicle as a way of disseminating environmental education. It is also possible to infer that the course focuses on a more “naturalist” and “conservative” tendency towards environmental education, which was very common at the time.Based on the analysis, it is indicated that the objective of the course was to teach subjects related to ecology, but mainly to use this vehicle as a way of disseminating environmental education. It is also possible to infer that the course focuses on a more “naturalistic” and “conservative” trend of environmental education, which was very common at the time.
Síntese, caracterização e avaliação ecotoxicológica de nanocompósito de Ag3VO4/Ag
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Silva, Elson Longo da; Cruvinel, Guilherme Henrique; Marana, Naiara Leticia; Garcia, Rafael de Queiroz; De Boni, Leonardo; Casassa, Silvia Maria; Santino, Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2599129475801660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4276062482432167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7855736473997172; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2401618350456850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356641063223397
Estudo do efeito da inativação fotodinâmica na transferência de resistência bacteriana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Lima, Rebeca Vieira de; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-239X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0787868871846231; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9796-3708
Gram-negative bacteria are relatively more resistant and difficult to treat because they have a larger outer membrane than Gram-positive bacteria and several resistance mechanisms. In addition, they are of great clinical importance because they cause several infections in humans. There are estimates that, in a few years, resistant microorganisms may become the leading cause of death worldwide, surpassing deaths caused by cancer, diabetes and even traffic accidents, thus being an urgent issue on a global scale. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an advantageous technique for reducing microorganisms that presents itself as a promising alternative to avoid antibiotics, for example, by being able to break bacterial resistance and make acquired resistance impossible. Thus, this study aimed to attenuate or inhibit the transfer of bacterial resistance in resistant strains. In this way, it was possible to evaluate the behavior of clinically relevant Gram-negatives, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, after treatment with PDI using dose light of 30 J/cm2 and curcumin as photosensitizer (PS) and thus to understand through logistic modeling of the growth curves how PDI was able to affect the characteristic bacterial behavior. Furthermore, in an effort to establish conditions leading to the goal it was observed that with the methodology made there was interference in the photodynamic action mediated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which resulted in low photodynamic inactivation and alteration of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these strains. In general, these are severely difficult bacteria to treat and it was seen that all the elements used in the PDI (PS, light, SDS) affected the bacteria, requiring further studies to investigate the best approach for these Gram-negative bacteria and to verify if there is an alteration with external molecules such as SDS.
Desenvolvimento e aplicação do software HERisk para avaliação espaço-temporal de riscos: estudo de caso do rio Monjolinho e suas águas tratadas com membranas de matriz mistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Neris, Jordan Brizi; Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0458073554273513; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-8173
This project proposes to develop new software for the spatio-temporal assessment of radiological, ecological, and human health risks, in addition to new mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on polyethersulfone (PES) and mesoporous materials for the removal of metallic ions (Cd2+, Cr6+, Ni2+, and Pb2+) and carbamazepine (CBZ) from aqueous solutions. The new HERisk (Human, Ecological and Radiological risk) software changes the values of the residents physiological and behavioral parameters over the years, which makes it possible to assess risks to human health in a more realistic way. The software was applied utilizing data from the literature referring to a mining area in the municipality of Itagibá (Bahia, Brazil) to show its usefulness in assessing environmental and human health risks. The results indicate a high human health risk in the entire area around the mine, while the pollution indices confirmed anthropic contamination around the mining area, especially in the locations closest to waste dumps. The MMMs developed in this study were synthesized via the phase inversion method using PES and pure (MCM-41) or functionalized (NH2-MCM-41 or SH-MCM-41) mesoporous materials. The mesomaterials and MMMs were characterized and the metal ions and CBZ quantification was performed by ICP OES and UPLC, respectively. The preliminary adsorption study showed that PES/SH-MCM-41-based MMMs present the highest potential for CBZ adsorption, while MMMs did not show significant differences for metal ions adsorption. The multivariate design (Doehlert matrix) results indicated that three independent variables (contact time, initial concentration, and the amount of SH-MCM-41 incorporated in the polymer matrix) significantly influence the MMMs adsorption capacity for CBZ, while only one factor (initial concentration) affected the removal of ions by MMMs. The application of the HERisk software and the most suitable MMM for removing toxic chemical species (TCS) was carried out in surface water samples collected in the Monjolinho river basin (São Carlos, SP). The results indicated the presence of natural and anthropogenic enrichment sources along the basin. The pollution indices calculated before the mitigation tests show a high contamination degree of the Monjolinho river basin, mainly at the sampling points located after the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of São Carlos. Despite this, there are no risks to the fauna and flora of the area. After the mitigation process using the MMM synthetized with 7% of NH2-MCM-41 (MMM-N7), the ecological risk assessment indicated no pollution of the water samples. For these reasons, the HERisk software and the MMM-N7 show a high potential for a more realistic and faster characterization of risks and water systems mitigation contaminated by TCS.
Efeitos da injeção intra-articular de plasma rico em plaquetas versus ácido hialurônico no processo inflamatório e características histopatológicas da cartilagem e sinóvia em animais com osteoartrite: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Simões, Marisa Santini de Oliveira; Carvalho, Cristiano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4296634454655924; Rossi, Karina Nogueira Zambone Pinto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705154788194140; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9949585397051161
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by the wearing down of joint cartilage and changes in bone structures, causing pain and compromising patients' quality of life. One of the treatment options is intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (RPR) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP injection compared to HA injection in animal models, focusing on the inflammatory process and histopathological characteristics of cartilage and synovium, for the treatment of osteoarthritis. An electronic search was performed in Medline/PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Articles published until January 2023, which analyzed the effects of PRP injection treatment compared to HA in animal models with OA and evaluated the inflammatory process and histopathological characteristics of cartilage and synovium, were accepted. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration. SYSCLEs’ RoB tool was used to assess risk of bias. A total of 737 articles were found, but only four articles met all the inclusion criteria. Three studies found no difference between treatment with PRP compared to HA when analyzing cartilage and synovial histology, levels of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-1, and one study found that treatment with PRP had superior results when compared to treatment with HA in terms of cartilage histology and interleukin 1β level. More studies on this topic are needed for a better comparison, as few studies comparing the treatment of intra-articular PRP injections with intra-articular HA injections in animal models of OA were found.
A genética no ensino de biologia: sua história, importância, desafios e adaptações metodológicas em consonância com a revolução digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Moraes, Clarissa de Souza; Medeiros, Ane Hackbart de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315858319851377
Genetics has always been one of the most complex, controversial and fundamental blocks in Biological Sciences for the understanding of biological processes, permeated with history in the scientific field, with characters who represent great achievements for humanity, such as Ernst Haeckel, Johann Friedrich Miescher, Richard Altman, Rosalind Franklin, Francis Crick, James Watson, Franklin W. Stahl, Matthew Meselson, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg Paul C. Zamecnik, the Tsuneko couple and the Reiji Okazaki couple inspire interest and curiosity from science enthusiasts. Considered a "master key" for young people who aspire to a profession in the area, genetics and its teaching in today's society, represents a great challenge for students with regard to understanding the contents due to the amount of theories, meanings, interconnections and abstract dimension and little connection to the social life of young people. In order to bring together all the content concerning genetics - its history, interdisciplinarity, social, economic and environmental importance - making it more accessible and didactic in the classroom, the review addresses technology as an ally in correcting failures and difficulties in the teaching-learning of young people. In addition, the review articulates the problematization inherent in the responsibility of the mediating educator and the Universities, in view of the amount of unreliable information on the internet and/or with a lack of seriousness and scientific basis on the internet and media used by young people in search of information, both for school studies, as well as for academic research
O cotidiano e a pandemia da Covid-19 na perspectiva das crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Camargo, Ana Paula; Fernandes, Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7901666626822625; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8006-8117; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5775940030597144; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3787-5331
The Covid-19 pandemic and the emergency measures taken to control and combat the virus have significantly impacted people's lives, with children being one of the most affected social groups. Despite not being the focus of greater concern for being considered a "lower risk" group for contagion and death, literature points to the need to pay attention to the pandemic's impacts on children's development and mental health, especially in situations of greater inequality and social vulnerability. Thus, it is essential to conduct investigations that seek to understand this new and emerging daily life experienced by different social groups in distinct contexts and scenarios. It is considered that from this panorama, it is possible not only to measure and demarcate a historical and social context of much suffering, loss, and struggle, but primarily, to understand the possibilities of creation and life, day after day. Therefore, the objective of this study was to understand how children experienced daily life during the Covid-19 pandemic from their own perspective. In addition, it sought to identify what may have been positive or difficult during the pandemic, according to the children themselves. This is an exploratory study, using a qualitative approach, conducted with 19 children aged 9 to 11 years old, linked to a public school in a medium-sized city in the interior of São Paulo State. Graphic elucidation was used as a trigger for the theme's collection of data, followed by a semi-structured interview. Interpretive analysis was not sought for graphic elucidations, but rather to understand them based on the children's own verbalizations. Both the narratives derived from graphic elucidations and the data produced in interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Seven themes emerged from the graphic elucidations and interviews: Children's understanding of Covid-19 and the feelings generated; death and mourning due to the Covid-19 pandemic; play as the main activity in children's daily life; the use of screens during the Covid-19 pandemic; school and children's learning during the Covid-19 pandemic; family relationships during the Covid-19 pandemic; and the social vulnerability experienced by families during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed how clear children are about the virus's origin and spread, the safety and protection measures adopted, the risks arising from contamination, and future expectations with the emergence of the vaccine. Furthermore, the children explained what Covid-19 and the pandemic were like based on daily changes and actions, such as the sudden suspension of school activities and the use of masks. In this direction, regarding daily activities during the pandemic, it was identified that playing continued to be present, based on children's inventiveness, and given isolation, playing took place mainly outdoors, with animals, with adaptations to maintain distancing from their peers. It is pointed out that their daily lives also changed in relation to access to school and the right to education, so that they were able to follow, perform proposed activities and learn remotely little, considering the absence of electronic equipment and access to the internet. Another identified change refers to family dynamics and relationships. In some families, the relationship and closeness between members intensified, and they were able to share more moments together, while in others, there was distancing, conflicts, and reports of violence. It is understood that the results of this study, obtained from the experience and daily life perspective of the children themselves, demonstrate how much children have been affected by the pandemic. In this direction, it is hoped that the collected data may contribute to greater knowledge of one of the greatest health crises ever experienced, which is being reinvented day after day, favoring new reflections and discussions about public policies and intervention strategies aimed at this population.
Uso de aprendizado de máquina supervisionado para mensurar provisão no mercado de crédito estruturado: uma comparação entre modelos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Porto, Matheus de Brito Soares; Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
The credit expansion has been fundamental to global economic growth, allowing people and businesses to access more financial resources for investment and consumption within an increasingly complex and competitive economic system. Among the various types of credit, this work highlights structured credit, in which debts from various sources are unified into a single financial product. Given the risk associated with each of these credits, accurately measuring a fair provision for these structures is a major challenge for market agents. In this context, the objective of this study is to apply and compare different supervised learning techniques to predict default events in structured credit portfolios, in order to assist financial institutions in making more accurate and secure provisions. After the analyses, it was possible to conclude that the XGBoost algorithm outperformed the others in terms of accuracy and sensitivity, although all of the others obtained satisfactory results.
Panorama de inovação no agronegócio brasileiro: uma análise das tendências e das inovações tecnológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-27) Silva, Osmar Goulart Salinas; Cunha-Nardy, Neila Conceição; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6586808642504798; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-8347; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6008-9114
The scenario of the agricultural sector has proven to be very important for the Brazilian economy, since it represents practically 50% of the country's exports and almost 30% of GDP. With the aim of increasing productivity and optimizing resources, the large companies in the sector are investing in advanced technological solutions that are giving rise to the so-called Agrotechs, startups that are driving the digital revolution in agribusiness. The objective of this descriptive and qualitative study is to understand not only the main technological innovations, but also the trends in agribusiness through a document review of scientific articles and discussions at the main events and forums of the sector, providing an overview of the sector. Currently, there are more than 300 companies of this type in Brazil, offering solutions such as satellite mapping of land, drone spraying, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. With the increase in global demand for food, the importance of the agricultural sector and its movement to become more productive and address its impact on the environment has been recognized, in order to approach the best ESG (Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance) practices in the world. Technology is an important tool in achieving these goals and promoting sustainability and social responsibility in the agricultural sector.