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Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes biopoliméricos contendo vidro bioativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Lemos, Ana Gabrielli; Paula, Kelly Roberta Francisco Muruci de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0422652925722673; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3704911850676591; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-661X
Dental caries and periodontal disease are considered the most frequent global problems that affect human oral health. However, in cases of periodontitis, the exacerbated immune and inflammatory response of the organism itself is largely responsible for the destruction of the periodontal ligament and supporting bone. Thus, the therapeutic approach regarding the minimization of tissue damage, as well as their recovery, can be considered as relevant as combating the disease-causing microorganisms. A promising material for this application is bioactive glass (bioactive glass), which has been shown to be an excellent osteoinducer and efficient in inhibiting some microorganisms. In order to restore periodontal tissues, the present work developed a film-forming delivery system containing bioactive glass and allowing its prolonged release. Zein, a hydrophobic protein obtained from corn, was selected as the main material for film formation. When bioactive glass meets biological fluids, it forms a layer similar to hydroxyapatite, which is responsible for binding to bone. It also has osteoinductive capacity, soft tissue binding and antibacterial activity due to the high pH resulting from ion release. The results indicate that the obtained matrix is stable, and the precursors presented synergy in the film formation. With the incorporation of bioactive glass, the material became even more homogeneous and with more regular morphology. The release assays indicated that bioactive glass exhibited ion release activity and was therefore released in the simulated biological fluid.
Análise das propostas de oficinas de arte em uma escola de Educação Integral do interior paulista numa perspectiva intercultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Marques, André Ricardo Barros; Galizia, Fernando Stanzione; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6866980296373593
This research sought to analyze the effects of art workshops on the integral development of students at a school in the interior of São Paulo from the perspective of teachers in an Intercultural perspective. It was also sought to analyze which are the conceptions of integral education adopted by the teachers of the workshops involved in the project; verify the format of the workshops and whether they contribute to the integral development of the student; examine how the themes and contents of the proposed workshops are chosen; and to find out which teaching strategies are used in the Art workshops. In the bibliographical review, we seek to understand the integral education models of Anísio Teixeira and Darcy Ribeiro, the social function of the school, the curriculum, the concepts of Integral Education, and the importance of teaching art from authors such as: Antonilo (2012), Barbosa, (2016), Cavalcante (2013), Cavaliere (2009), Clemente (2013), Goncalvez (2006), Moll, Posser and Almeida (2016). Our theoretical framework is supported by the Critical Interculturality proposed by Vera Candau. A qualitative research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with four teachers working in art workshops. The data allowed us to conclude that there are two conceptions of Integral Education in the school: the vision of integral education more linked to the increase of the student's permanence time in the school and of assistance character; and the vision of an education that contemplates learning different from those worked on in regular education in a way that develops the student in an integral way. It was also possible to apprehend that the researched art workshops collaborate for the development of different skills besides cognitive and motor skills, such as sociability, autonomy and emotional intelligence. Finally, it was possible to perceive that the themes and contents worked on are free and malleable, which seems to be an educational advantage and, therefore, the teachers seem to adapt the workshops according to the needs of the classes and the children.
Análise da transição florestal na Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Morales, Lucas; Bragagnolo, Cassiano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3604206454925741; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-3791
The Amazon Rainforest is of crucial importance for global environmental balance and the Brazilian economy, but it is in a state of progressive deforestation that affects its influence. Deforestation is caused by several factors including economic growth, agricultural expansion, livestock expansion, timber extraction, and investment in infrastructure. The implementation of the political-administrative region together with the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in Legal Amazon (PPCDam) have had significant impacts on reducing deforestation rates. However, net increments in forest cover are not consistently observed in the region and occur mostly through the expansion of secondary forests at the expense of primary forests. Secondary forests have lower biodiversity and can cause significant losses in the complexity of the local ecosystem, harming species of fauna and flora. The forest transition theory seeks to analyze the long-term phenomenon in which the decline in forest area is replaced by forest regeneration, resulting in a TTF curve with a U-shaped pattern. These changes in forest cover are related to the optimal allocation of land use by agents, which can be affected by policies, market failures, and external factors. Thus, panel data model was used to identify the main determining factors in the changes in the proportion of forest area for the municipalities in the Legal Amazon from 2005 to 2020. Different demographic, economic, and environmental policy indicators were examined. The research results indicate that per capita GDP indicators contribute in the long term to an increase in forest proportion, while population density, agricultural GDP proportion, and average fine value are negatively related to forest areas. Therefore, the possibility of a U-shaped curve as indicated by the forest transition theory was observed.
Teoria da transição florestal: uma revisão bibliográfica para os biomas brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Schelp, Leonardo Kaiuá; Bragagnolo, Cassiano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3604206454925741; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-3791
Brazil has a large territorial dimension, as well as an extensive biodiversity of both fauna and flora, and such magnitude is categorized into six biomes that have their characteristics and individualities. Furthermore, it is a country with large areas of vegetation cover, some unique and endemic, which are afflicted by extractivism and deforestation for the creation of arable fields and pastures, in addition to the demand for the ecossistemic resources themselves. The Forest Transition Theory (FTT) has been used to identify and categorize the mechanisms and stages of native vegetation in different countries and regions of the globe. However, there are few studies on the subject for the brazilian case, and even less, texts available in portuguese. Thus, foreign and national references were used to explore the variation in vegetation cover in each of the six brazilian biomes (Amazon, Cerrado, Caatinga, Atlantic Forest, Pampa and Pantanal) and try to identify the possibility of a forest transition. The references used range from motivations for deforestation in the colonial era to contemporary times in 2023. Thus, it is notable that brazilian biomes are in different stages of deforestation and conservation, in addition to having different mechanisms that enable forest transition, but with the participation of public policies as a common thread. In conclusion, there is still a lot of room for the topic in the brazilian case, since the studies are mostly focused in the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest, to the detriment of the other aforementioned biomes.
Análise da inserção urbana de um assentamento precário localizado em área de manancial do sistema Billings/Guarapiranga: estudo de caso do Jardim Maria Rita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Canibá, Weslley Gonçalves; Silva, Sandra Regina Mota; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973870842834947; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-6154; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8014993624549750
The housing deficit is a social problem that affects many urban areas around the world, including those with water sources. In many cases, people who do not have access to adequate housing are forced to occupy informal areas near water sources, often without basic infrastructure services. Informal occupations can lead to a number of negative consequences for the environment, such as water and air pollution, deforestation and the degradation of natural ecosystems. In addition, a lack of adequate infrastructure can increase the risks of natural disasters such as floods and landslides. This study aims to analyze the quality of urban insertion of a precarious occupation established in a spring area on the banks of the Billings Dam in the city of São Paulo (SP). For the evaluation of the quality of urban insertion will be used the evaluation tool of urban insertion developed by the Institute of Transport & Development Policies in partnership with LabCidade (ITDP / LabCidade). The tool is composed of three criteria: "1 - Transport", "2 - Supply of equipment, trade and services" and "3 - Design and urban integration". Despite the conditions of access to public transport in the settlement, the research developed indicated for the criterion "1 – Transport" "acceptable" result, in criterion 2 was obtained "acceptable" result, although much of the supply of equipment, commerce and services are accessible only in neighboring neighborhoods. Regarding criterion 3, which deals with the relationship with the surroundings of the neighborhood, opening to public spaces, and design of the blocks, an "insufficient" result was obtained due to the morphology characteristics of the settlement.
Retrato da alfabetização de alunos com síndrome de Down e deficiência intelectual: análise bibliográfica (2010-2020)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Sousa, Livia Soares; Dainez, Débora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671868444231806; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-098X
This study presents as an object of investigation the literacy of students with Down syndrome and intellectual disabilities. The objective is to characterize and analyze aspects of the production of knowledge about the literacy process of students with Down syndrome and intellectual disabilities who attend regular school, in order to understand the strategies and teaching resources used in pedagogical practice, the trends on literacy and the main challenges raised in the studies researched. This is a bibliographic research whose data sources were the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). The selected period was from 2010 to 2020 and the descriptors used were literacy; special education; Down syndrome; intellectual disability; literacy. From the balance performed, it is observed the expansion of research on this theme in recent years, with the adoption of a critical theoretical and methodological foundation. Most of the works had as field of research the school, focusing on the initial years of elementary school, with the issue of pedagogical practices standing out in the analyses. The main challenge is the predominance of specific proposals based on repetition and that are decontextualized and individual, with minimal pedagogical objectives. The educational strategies proposed by the research as enhancing literacy are those that consider context, meaning, and significance in the work with reading and writing, emphasizing the use of literature. Based on this, we believe that the educational specificities need to be considered in pedagogical practice in order to think of strategies that serve the school community in its diversity and learning potential. We conclude that there is a significant advance in the production of knowledge in the area, and that, prospectively, this may resonate in teacher training and pedagogical practice in order to favor literacy processes with emphasis on human development.
A importância dos jardins de chuva para o paisagismo funcional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Santos, Paloma Valéria dos; Agostini, Kayna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5405680664358202
This study analyzed the use of plant species present in 20 rain gardens located in the municipality of São Paulo, evaluating the contribution of the plants used for functional landscaping. Firstly, a bibliographic survey was carried out on the existence or not of criteria that should be considered when choosing appropriate species for this type of infrastructure, where the criteria found were described and referenced. Subsequently, the species already used were surveyed through images, maps, and videos, where the initial identification was done through Google Lens®, followed by confirmation of genus and species, using specialized books and institutions in botany, such as Lorenzi (2021, 2022); the Flora do Brasil (JBRJ) platform - from the Rio De Janeiro Botanical Garden and the Plants of the World Online platform, Kew, UK, which are specialized in Botanical Systematics. The plants found were analyzed for their profile for functional landscaping, checking if they were native or exotic species from Brazil, as well as if they were native to the region where the rain garden was located. Additionally, they were analyzed for their profile to provide floral resources to pollinators, using the online Pollen Catalog Network (RCPol) as a source of consultation. The information and results obtained were synthesized and systematized in three types of tables, showing, in general, that the main criterion to be considered is that native species should be prioritized, as they are naturally more resistant and adapted to the climate, soil, and environment, developing better and helping to maintain biodiversity. It is expected that this study can contribute to the dissemination of sustainable practices in landscaping and to the strengthening of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Brazil.
Reflexos da pandemia nas famílias de crianças/adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Santos, Bruna; Fernandes, Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7901666626822625
In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, parents and relatives of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder are more likely to experience psychic suffering as a result of isolation measures, financial issues, interruption of services and physical and mental overload. In this direction, the objective of the present study was to identify what has been produced in the scientific literature about the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for families of children and adolescents with ASD, based on an integrative literature review. The results reinforce the psychological impacts for families of children and adolescents with ASD during the pandemic, the lack of interventions aimed at preventing this suffering and cooperating in the creation of coping strategies. It is evident, therefore, the indispensability of building means of support for families and strategies that meet the psychosocial needs of this population.
Testes múltiplos para comparação de dados funcionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Oliveira, Vinícius Santos de; Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609; Viola, Márcio Luis Lanfredi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7797241339089177; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9174536880409307
The recording of human motion is an essential requirement for biomechanical studies aimed at understanding normal and altered movement patterns to propose preventive or rehabilitation programs. In these studies, the analysis of angular data from joints over time is common. In this work, we focus on data obtained from the recording of knee flexion-extension angles during a gait cycle, which is the movement of the knee between two consecutive heel strikes on the ground. Therefore, the analyzed data consists of curves of knee flexion-extension angles plotted against time, constructed for different strides performed. The objective of the study is to investigate muscular balance between the left and right legs of the same individual by comparing bilateral knee flexion-extension curves. Specifically, we aim to test the null hypotheses that there is no difference between the distributions of angular values in different intervals across the gait cycle. To test each hypothesis, we use a permutation-based p-value derived from different sample versions of the Szekelly (2004) proposal for the e-distance between distributions. As multiple null hypotheses are considered simultaneously, we apply Holm's and Bonferroni's multiplicity correction procedures to obtain adjusted p-values. For the actual data considered, a significant reduction in the number of rejected null hypotheses was observed when using multiplicity corrections, which is more appropriate for problems with a large number of hypotheses being tested. Specifically, when combining intervals associated with rejected hypotheses, the Bonferroni and Holm methods showed a reduction of 35% and 34%, respectively, in the length of regions associated with rejected hypotheses compared to when no multiplicity correction is applied.
Modelo de predição para dados desbalanceados utilizando informações de financiamentos de veículos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Oliveira, Larissa Torres; Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9259557335860115
For the statistics thesis project, a model adjustment is proposed for unbalanced data, using vehicle financing information, with the response variable being dichotomous, divided into defaulters and non-defaulters. Techniques for variable selection, such as weight of evidence and information value, will be presented, along with the adjustment of logistic regression models for both unbalanced and balanced data, model quality metrics, and an interpretable final classification. The project was developed using the Python programming language.
Classificação de decisões judiciais sobre dados presentes no diário eletrônico da justiça do trabalho (DEJT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Silva, Jonathan Santos; Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
Efficiently classifying legal decisions as approved or rejected is critical to ensuring a fair and effective justice system. This study presents a solution for this task, using machine learning techniques. The proposed solution involves data structuring, unit identification, labeling by experts, and training a machine learning model. O study included an exploratory analysis of source data and pre-processing techniques text for cleaning and normalizing the data. The proposed model achieved a rate high accuracy of 96%. Finally, we validate the model using external data and real cases. The results suggest that the model has the potential to be an effective solution for classifying legal decisions accurately and quickly.
Quirópteros da Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara no Cerrado paulista: inventário e pesquisa da circulação do vírus da raiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Rodrigues, Ana Claudia; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2470947469903840
The Cerrado is one of the largest and richest Brazilian domains and has been suffering intense degradation, pointing to the urgency in the preservation and restoration of its areas. The EESB (Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara) is a conservation unit located in Águas de Santa Bárbara, São Paulo State, which covers an area of 2,712 ha and preserves different typical Cerrado physiognomies. Knowing the high diversity of bats that occurs in the Cerrado, and recognizing their important ecological roles and the influence of these species on public health, we aimed to inventory the bats in the EESB to obtain data on the composition and richness of species in this UC, as well as to investigate the prevalence of rabies in the specimens collected, contributing to the epidemiological monitoring of the region. Sampling was conducted during the rainy season, from October to December 2021, and from February to March 2022. The Chiroptera were sampled at 30 distinct points during 30 nights, totaling an effort of 54,000 meters2.net.hour. Individuals were identified as to species, sex, and reproductive status from examination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of external morphology, skull-dental, and internal anatomy. We sampled 223 individuals representing 20 species and 14 genera of the families Phyllostomidae (129 specimens, 10 species), Vespertilionidae (84, 8), and Molossidae (10, 2), obtaining two new records for the species Myotis lavali and Myotis izecksohni for the state, as well as morphological data and data concerning the reproductive season and offspring size for several species. These data contribute to future taxonomic and systematic studies, increasing the representativeness of samples from São Paulo, as well as with valuable ecological data, helping to evaluate the conservation status of these species in São Paulo, supporting the relevance of the EESB in preserving the Cerrado and its fauna. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for rabies seroprevalence analysis (60 specimens, 15 species), and brain samples were collected via foramen magnum puncture (114, 16) from euthanized specimens (116 - 52% of total captures). Gut samples for coronavirus testing, liver samples for DNA extraction, and blood samples for leishmaniasis culture were also collected for most of the euthanized specimens for future studies. These specimens were wet-preserved, with skulls extracted from 116 specimens, which will be deposited in the Mammal Collection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo. The released individuals were marked by cutting the interfemoral membrane, and these samples, as well as the liver samples, were kept at the Laboratory of Mammal Systematics (LASISMA), UFSCar for future molecular analysis. The Laboratory of Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases (LABZOO) in São Paulo performed the rabies laboratory tests. For quantification of antibodies in blood samples, the serum neutralization method (SNSF) was applied, and for virus detection in brain samples, direct immunofluorescence (DFI) and isolation by cell culture were performed, with negative results for both seroprevalence and rabies virus diagnosis. These results raise interesting discussions about how these pathogens relate to populations in native vegetation and protected areas, highlighting the importance of UCs in the control and dissemination of zoonoses.
Territorialização do ensino na pandemia: perda e retorno ao espaço escolar pelos estudantes da E.E. Professora Ernestina Loureiro Miranda, Itapetininga/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Duarte, Caroline Ponce; Franca, Gilberto Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-2255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4888643060412222; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0417-6464
With the pandemic, schools had to restrict the use of their space, meeting health requirements and modifying students' socio-spatial relationships with teaching. From this, students from the São Paulo public network were relocated to remote teaching, through educational platforms and fulfilling a responsibility that until then was primarily the responsibility of school units. The most affected were public school students, according to studies that revealed the deepening of digital and socio-spatial inequalities in this public. It is in this current context, of school routine changed by the health crisis caused by the new corona virus, that this research was developed, analyzing the situation and perspectives of high school students, of how their educational experiences were during the pandemic, based on the loss of school territory. The place of analysis was the State School Professora Ernestina Loureiro Miranda, located in Vila Belo Horizonte, in the city of Itapetininga/SP. The main objective was to understand how the sociospatial management of students occurred in the pandemic due to their removal from school, the implementation of remote teaching and the return to school. The methodology used was qualitative research, based on document analysis, bibliographic review and interviews with 12 students from the Ernestina school; in addition to the application of a remote teaching evaluation questionnaire to students in the second and third years of high school. Comprising the period from 2020, from the suspension of classes until 2022, the year in which students returned to schools in person, coinciding with the implementation of the Programa de Escola Integral (PEI). In summary, the results showed students' dissatisfaction with remote teaching, a modality that contributed to the loss of students' bond with the school and teachers, a movement known as deterritorialization. In addition to the increase in school dropouts, due to the way teaching was implemented in the pandemic, and the PEI, which changed the schedule and time that students spend at school. The final considerations draw attention to the need for schools to be spaces consistent with the social reality of students, so that the number of dropouts decreases and low-income students can have access to quality school and education.
Quem tem a cor do lápis “cor de pele”? O apagamento da identidade e cultura de crianças negras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Teixeira, Gabriella Santana; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9879632334466853
The main purpose of this paper is to reflect about identity and the black young children’s culture from the early years in Elementary School, and it came from an inquietude related to a visual culture artifact presented in Early Childhood Education and Early years in Elementary School as well (from 1º to 5º grades): The named “skin color” colored pencil. This is a bibliographic project craving to expand the political and educational space, fight against a system that has been harming children, and evoke the sense of transformation and humanity. Racial prejudice is expressed in manny manners and all of them need to be overthrown, even when people believe that a pencil has no meaning. The research process emerged from an inquietude that moved the author to look into studies when it comes to black children. The present study discusses racias bias in Brazil, the black representativeness in childhood and in the role of educational experts, the presence of Afro-Brazilian culture in the early years, an anti-racist education with arts and the meaning of the “skin color” colored pencil.
Bioma Stats: um pacote R para a análise de uso e ocupação do solo no território brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Fontana, Kaik Octaviano; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; Ferreira, Iuri Emmanuel de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5965827433093415
Brazilian biomes are at risk due to the various pressures imposed by human action. In this context, it is essential to understand the patterns of land use and land cover and the occurrence of transitions in the natural landscape. The availability of serial data on land use and land cover enables environmental diagnosis, detection of areas vulnerable to anthropogenic action, and planning of environmental conservation policies. The objective of this work was to develop Bioma Stats, a computer program aimed at building automated reports on land use and land cover in Brazilian territory. Bioma Stats is implemented in the R programming language, with open-source code and freely distributable versions. The program is expected to be an impactful tool in the environmental field, contributing to studies of land use and land cover, as well as generating useful information for environmental management and the construction of public policies to combat deforestation, preserve the environment, precision agriculture, livestock farming, among others.
A memória nas páginas do Jornal A União: características para reconhecimento como patrimônio cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-03-28) Barboza, Thalyta Braga; Neves, Barbara Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7327673330074701; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-7522; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8686955327728468; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-5730
Dissertation on memory in the pages of the newspaper A União and the characteristics for its recognition as cultural heritage is a social contribution, for this is a printed newspaper with 129 years of existence that has gone through several historical events. This is a research that approaches the newspaper A União as a place of memory, in which the question of its listing as cultural historical heritage is raised.The problematization of the research is precisely what characterizes the newspaper A União as a space of memory for recognition as cultural heritage. The general objective of this study was to discuss the characteristics of the newspaper A União as a space of memory, with a view to its recognition as cultural heritage. The specific objectives were: i) to present the newspaper A União from the historical record and previous studies from the perspective of Information Science; ii) articulate concepts and definitions of memory in the light of agencies heritage and preservation of cultural property; iii) Outline and discuss the characteristics of the newspaper A União, as a place of memory, from the prerequisites of analysis of cultural heritage with a view to recognition as national cultural heritage; iv) to make a sample of the newspaper library, by means of a catalog with three images from each year of the newspaper A União. For this, initially, a bibliographic survey on memory and cultural heritage was carried out.The research was bibliographic, documental, systematic literature and interactive. In addition, it had a sample of specimens of the newspaper covers in Appendix C, from the last 130 years. Therefore, it was possible to inform what is cultural heritage and what is the relevance of memory for Information Science. That is, this research is of great value to expand scientific knowledge in the area of memory and cultural heritage.