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Parametrização de ligantes em reações catalisadas por metais de transição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-24)
Barboza, Amanda Aline
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Ferreira, Marco Antonio Barbosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6874055640224407
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4255739684342248
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5606-911X
The approach of statistical methods capable of accurately predicting the relationship between catalyst structure and reactivity represents a major impact on reaction development, since both reactivity and selectivity of the catalyst employed in organic reactions are directly related to its structural aspects. In the case of transition metal catalysis, this parameterization provides quick information and relevant estimates about the structure and respective activity of new ligands that are briefly identified in structural descriptors that influence the desired activity. Here we list key results obtained in the development and use of ligand parameterization to guide, predict and explain the discovery and development of new catalysts and methodologies. In the context of nucleopalladation reactions, we highlight Wacker-type reactions that employ carbonylation reactions of double bonds not activated by CO capture in a palladium-catalyzed process. We present a new methodology to obtain pyrazoline ester derivatives tolerant to different substitutions at strategic positions in the starting material as demonstrated by the scope study. By statistical studies, it was possible to observe that the molecular softness (ƞ) of the pyridine has a direct relationship with the yield - except for the bulkiest pyridines. For monophosphine ligands, the reactivity threshold analysis revealed that bulkier ligands are associated with the worst results. When bisphosphines are involved, the angle between the phosphorus substituents in the complex with PdCl2 indicates an important role, which can be interpreted in terms of flexibility of the ligand. In summary, the parameterization analysis of phosphine ligands and pyridine bases in general revealed dominant influences of steric effects that may imply the formation of bis-ligated palladium species and a detrimental role of pyridine coordination in active catalysts. In sequence, we report our efforts to integrate data science and computational chemistry tools to guide, predict, and explain synthetic catalyst development in the context of ruthenium-catalyzed crossmetathesis in the synthesis of trisubstituted olefins. To investigate the reactivity of substrate versus catalysts, we performed reactions with 3 methylenecyclohexane derivatives (challenging substrates), cis-1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene and 28 Ru-based catalysts. These experimental results were integrated with molecular steric and electronic descriptors obtained for the Ru complexes to parameterize the catalyst structure in relation to the reaction yield. Our results indicate that although the overall structure of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis precatalysts is highly modular, the use of carbenes as one of the neutral ligands has the greatest impact on the performance of these reactions. The variation in the substitution pattern of the aromatic ring bonded to the NHC nitrogens comprises the greatest variability in results for the challenging substrates, still, no clear correlation could be observed. However, through catalyst parameterization we found correlations and univariate and multivariate models to predict the outcome of new structures to broaden the scope of the catalyst used in these important reactions.
Pesquisar COM como potência de aprendizagem social: uma experiência nas ciências ambientais junto a uma escola do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-24)
Oliveira, Maria Paula Pires de
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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Valdanha Neto, Diógenes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9925430852423901
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada no campo das ciências ambientais junto a uma escola do campo e analisar a possibilidade desse pesquisar COM como potência de aprendizagem social. A escola situa-se no Território Portal da Amazônia (norte de Mato Grosso) e a intervenção visou à definição, validação, aplicação e análise de indicadores estabelecidos para compreender o papel de práticas escolares na resiliência socioecológica de comunidades rurais, assim como uma análise conjunta dos resultados e do processo participativo. Foram realizados encontros dialogados e dinâmicas com a comunidade escolar para se alcançar os objetivos pretendidos. Para além dos resultados dos indicadores em si, uma análise do próprio processo evidenciou que este constituiu um exercício de aprendizagem social, o qual possibilitou o desenvolvimento de diferentes habilidades e valores.
Vamos pedir um delivery? Meio técnico-científico-informacional e a precarização do trabalho dos entregadores de plataforma na cidade de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-24)
Benegas, Diego Morais
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Tozi, Fabio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1239744709191702
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-8353
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Silva, Carlos Henrique Costa da
Esta disertación se centrará en tratar de comprender cómo el concepto de entorno tecno-científico-informativo y el surgimiento de la Industria 4.0 están relacionados con la precariedad del trabajo de los repartidores de plataformas de entrega en Sorocaba. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se seleccionaron repartidores que conforman una categoría denominada shopper, la cual conforma una categoría diferenciada de repartidores de alimentos, caracterizados por seleccionar productos de los anaqueles de los supermercados, pagar los artículos y luego entregarlos. Las entrevistas permitieron comprender cómo el proceso de globalización es fundamental para que las plataformas de delivery utilicen el territorio para generar valor. En ese sentido, la lectura de Ludmila Costhek Abilio del trabajo de plataforma que relaciona la informalidad, el trabajo a pedido y los mecanismos de control en línea con la teoría del valor desarrollada por Ricardo Antunes fue fundamental para esclarecer la precariedad del trabajo de los repartidores de plataforma en Sorocaba. El aporte teórico de estos pensadores permitió comprender cómo se manifiesta la expansión del sector servicios en el territorio, además de constituir una nueva etapa en el concepto de entorno técnico-científico-informativo idealizado por el geógrafo Milton Santos.
Micropropagação de Melaleuca alternifolia: efeitos de 6-benzylaminopurine e do comprimento de onda fornecidos por diodos emissores de luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Gonzales Alvarado, Antony Cristhian
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-1723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6882343609565005
Melaleuca alternifolia, or tea tree, is a species used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to its essential oils containing antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. In vitro cultivation of Melaleuca can contribute to the clonal production of seedlings from superior genotypes, increasing the biomass and oil productivity in this crop. However, the development of methods and studies on factors affecting the micropropagation of the species, such as plant growth regulators, and the integration of new technologies, such as the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), is necessary to improve the efficiency of in vitro cultivation. The objective of this study was to test different wavelengths provided by LEDs and the presence of the cytokinin N6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0 and 0.25 mg L-1) on the in vitro multiplication and development of Melaleuca seedlings. Nodal segments were inoculated on Murashige & Skoog culture medium with half-strength macronutrients (MS ½). The test tubes containing individual nodal segments were cultured under different wavelengths provided by LEDs: White, Blue, Red, Red and White, Red and Blue, and dark conditions. Measurements of seedling development were taken, as well as chlorophyll quantification using spectrophotometry. Analysis of nutrient absorption (Ca, Mg, and P) from the culture medium was also performed in the different treatments. The statistical design was a 2 x 6 factorial, and the variables analyzed were plant height, number of shoots, number of roots, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, Total Chlorophyll, and nutrient absorption (Ca, Mg, and P) from the culture medium. The main results obtained showed a significant increase in the number of shoots and fresh and dry weight, reduction in shoot height, inhibition of rooting rate, significant decrease in chlorophyll content, and nutrient absorption, such as phosphorus, in in vitro plants with the presence of 0.25 mg L-1 BAP.
Perspectivas das relações de gênero durante a pandemia de COVID-19 por jovens da escola pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Braz, Leonardo Graco Oliveira
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Borba, Patrícia Leme de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4193205735379897
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-2758
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6358005278159296
This master's thesis discusses the expressions of hegemonic masculinity in the daily life of young high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the different manifestations of sexism in questions related to changes in daily life caused by physical distancing and home isolation. The hegemonic masculinity category is adopted to analyze the process of reformulating everyday life, reducing social participation and producing gender inequalities that groups of young boys and girls reported experiencing during the pandemic period. The methodology considered the elaboration, conduction and critical analysis of workshops and focus groups carried out with young high school students. All of this material was transcribed and analyzed based on theoretical references from social occupational therapy and gender studies. Among the considerations reached in this research, the recognition by the perspective of young people of inequality between genders, already existing before the pandemic, but aggravated in this period, leading to a limitation of social participation of girls and an overload of responsibilities associated with the household and the care necessary to prevent COVID on them. Another noteworthy aspect is in relation to the outlining of the contributions that social occupational therapists can offer in the field correlated with youth and school in the sense of creating and implementing intervention strategies capable of problematizing and building critical and reflective readings on the different expressions of masculinities, about sexism and the feminist struggles undertaken to equalize the differences between the genders. Therefore, we sought to understand the ways in which the social construction of the concept of masculinity is expressed and impacted on the daily lives of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to develop strategies for problematizing the theme of masculinity and gender inequalities, aiming to provoke the elaboration of new conceptions of masculinity based on gender equity, using notions belonging to social occupational therapy, addressing issues related to gender inequalities and the production of care practices and with a view to promoting social justice.
Transcriar a imagem poética em Margem de manobra, de Claudia Roquette-Pinto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Martínez, Valentina Antonieta Figuera
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Martha, Diana Junkes Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1857520068239671
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5465-8030
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1952195668824547
El propósito de la presente investigación es traducir, del portugués al español, una selección de poemas del libro Margem de manobra (2005), de Claudia Roquette-Pinto, así como estudiar críticamente, a partir del ejercicio de traducción, la configuración de la imagen poética como procedimiento formal predominante en la obra. Partiendo de las contribuciones sobre transcreación de Haroldo de Campos – para quien el acto traductor es un ejercicio teórico y crítico –, se comprende que la traducción es el más íntimo acto de lectura y permite que el trabajo de análisis crítico gane rigor. En el ámbito de la traducción, se discuten las imágenes poéticas – procedimiento literario que resultó en la constante figuración indeterminada y metafórica del cuerpo como instrumento de dominio del mundo asociado a elementos de la naturaleza. Para el análisis crítico de la imagen, se incluyen las contribuciones de Michel Collot y de Maurice Merleau-Ponty acerca del pensamiento-paisaje y el cuerpo como fuente de conocimiento y de la dimensión activa, respectivamente. En diálogo con Merleau-Ponty, las consideraciones de Simone de Beauvoir contribuyeron con la discusión fenomenológica del impacto diferenciado a la subjetividad y cuerpo-ser femeninos. Como complemento a la transcreación, se discuten los trabajos de Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida y Roman Jakobson, teóricos con los cuales dialoga Haroldo.
A OBMEP como estratégias de reprodução da matemática acadêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Moura, Jefferson Bento de
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6493819549747394
This research aimed to analyze the Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad for Public Schools (OBMEP) as a mechanism for legitimizing and reproducing Academic Mathematics. The following research question was focused: to what extent can OBMEP be understood as a strategy for legitimizing and reproducing Mathematics and how are the distinctive relationships established by its agents in the field of Mathematics? For the analysis, we used Bourdieu's theory as a reference with the concepts of habitus, field, capital and social mobility and references of Mathematics Education. To constitute the research materials, we surveyed various documents, such as application regulations, annual management reports, studies on OBMEP, data collected from medalists available on the official OBMEP website and mapping of dissertations and theses produced in Brazil, having as object of research the OBMEP. In addition to the data and documents, we conducted two interviews. OBMEP as the object of this research is justified by its size and scope: the number of students enrolled and awarded; by the number of participating institutions; for the investment that exceeds that of other Olympics. Its study is also justified by the fact that it is a competition that is created and administered by the Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics, that is, by mathematicians who are recognized for developing high-level research in mathematics and are not recognized in the field of research in the field of mathematics. math education. Based on a qualitative study, we investigated the expectations and possibility of social mobility of OBMEP medalists. The results show an expectation of social mobility and a search for social transformation. The sociological investigation, carried out from the design of the field of mathematics, allowed an understanding of OBMEP as a strategy of mathematicians to value and legitimize their way of doing and seeing mathematics, imposing this vision on schools.
Modelo de regressão chances de sobrevivência proporcionais para dados discretos com presença de censura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Cardial, Marcílio Ramos Pereira
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Nakano, Eduardo Yoshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4408437084347961
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-8512
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Cobre, Juliana
Survival models, in their majority, consider continuous survival times. However, in several studies these times are discrete, and in some occasions, it is not advisable to use a continuous model to analyze discrete data. One of the most popular regression models in the analysis of survival data is the Cox proportional hazards model, whose main characteristic is to consider that the covariates have a multiplicative effect on the hazard function. However, this feature cannot be satisfied when survival times are discrete, due to the hazard function being bounded in the interval (0, 1). To solve this problem, Cox suggested a discrete alternative of his model. Another alternative regression model was presented by Bennett, which assumes that covariates have a multiplicative effect on the odds of survival. These models are referred to as proportional odds (survival) models. In this context, the present paper aims to consider proportional odds modeling as an alternative for building regression models for discrete survival data. More specifically, the objectives are: (a) to study the proportional odds model for continuous time; (b) to build the regression model for data with proportional odds of survival and discrete time; (c) to obtain point and interval estimates of the model parameters; (d) to propose procedures to verify the proportional odds assumption and the quality of the model fit; (e) to illustrate the model and proposed procedures on a real data set. The results obtained on simulated data indicated evidence of the asymptotic properties of the estimators and the proposed model showed a good fit to the real data set, proving to be a good alternative for modeling discrete survival data with covariates.
Produção, caracterização e propriedades de superfície de filmes finos de Ti-Nb-Zr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Costa, Sidney Cherman Zolabarrieta
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9155-031X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9217291402206546
With the increasing use of implants, due to the possibility of replacing certain parts of the human body as a means to improve health, there is a growing body of research on biocompatible metallic alloys. One widely used alloy is Ti-6Al-4V; however, aluminum ions can cause disturbances in the nervous system, and vanadium ions can be cytotoxic. Due to these issues, the search for new alloys has brought about various possibilities, such as Ti-β alloys, which exhibit properties close to human bone and their structure can exhibit stable or metastable phases, depending on the alloying elements, such as Nb, which has an effect on the stability of the beta phase and mechanical strength. The magnetron sputtering process is a widely used technique for depositing thin films, as it offers high deposition rates, low working pressures, and control over the surface quality of the deposited film. This study used this technique to produce thin films of the TiNbZr alloy on AISI 316L steel for the evaluation of chemical and microstructural properties. Three compositions (% at) were produced: Ti66Nb21Zr13, Ti62Nb20Zr18, and Ti59Nb19Zr22. All samples exhibited the formation of the β-Ti phase and nano-scale structures. The Ti62Nb20Zr18 and Ti59Nb19Zr22 samples showed electrochemical behavior similar to that of Grade IV Ti and hold promise for use as coatings for 316L steel implants.
Atividade biofloculante de bactérias isoladas de painéis fotovoltaicos e aplicação no condicionamento do lodo de esgoto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Nascimento, Letícia Portugal do
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Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7946233543870447
The dewatering process of sewage sludge is a fundamental part of wastewater treatment. However, it is negatively affected due to the amount of suspended solid particles and water content retained by extracellular polymeric substances. The usage of additives during sewage sludge conditioning is an approach to promote the destabilization of the colloidal system and the aggregation of particles, enhancing water removal. Bioflocculants synthesized by bacteria may be a promising substitute for commercial flocculants because of their non-toxicity and biodegradability. This current research investigated the production of biosurfactants by Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Serratia nematodiphila, Kocuria sp., and Psychrobacter sp., previously isolated from solar panels, and their flocculant activity when applied to sewage sludge conditioning process. Since extremophiles are evolutionarily adapted to survive under harsh conditions, they may be a valuable source of biotechnological relevant byproducts such as bioflocculants. All bacteria assessed in the current work presented flocculant ability when applied to kaolin suspension, but Psychrobacter sp. was selected for further analysis because of its high stability and efficiency. The bioflocculant was characterized as being mainly composed of sugars (24.64%), lipids (18.10%), and proteins (10.23%). The FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of amine, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups, which are responsible for the flocculant properties of the molecule. The bioflocculant was applied in the conditioning process of aerobic sludge samples, collected from an aeration tank, and anaerobic sludge samples, collected from an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, reaching 92.96% and 71.53% of flocculation efficiency, respectively. Furthermore, the bioflocculant was as effective as a commercial cationic polymer commonly used during wastewater treatment. Hence, this molecule may be a promising substitute for commercial additives in wastewater treatment. However, further economic analyses are needed, especially regarding alternative carbon sources.
Inteligência emocional, bem estar no trabalho e conflito trabalho-família em trabalhadores nas modalidades remota e presencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-25)
Rangel, Raphaella Fernandes Monteiro
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Muniz, Monalisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-6296
The objective of the present study was to verify whether there is a difference in the levels of emotional intelligence at work, well-being at work and work-family conflict between groups of workers in remote and in-person modes. A total of 128 people participated in the research, with an average age of 28.6 years (SD= 9.21), a minimum of 19 and a maximum of 69 years, with 74 (57.8%) female participants, 53 (41 .4%) male participants and 1 (0.7%) non-binary participant. Among the work modalities, 56 (43.7%) have already worked in person, but are currently working remotely, 31 (24.2%) have always worked in person, 26 (20.3%) have worked remotely and are working in a remote mode in person and 15 (11.7%) always worked remotely. The instruments used were the Participant Characterization Questionnaire, the Computerized Emotional Intelligence Test for Work (TIIET), the Well-Being at Work Inventory (IBET-13) and the Work-Family Conflict Scale (ECTF). The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of the four groups on the instruments applied. Based on the analysis of the results, it is understood that there was a good adaptation on the part of the participants in their respective work modalities, in which, in general, they report finding advantages in the modalities regardless of the reason why they are in these modalities.
Estudo sobre redes cicloviárias em regiões metropolitanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Freato, Maria Paula Rosa
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Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-8789
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6601562254675182
The choice of non-motorized modes of transportation for the population's displacement is essential in order to elevate standards of quality of life. The bicycle, for example, can be an element of reordering and reconfiguration of urban space, as well as efficiently integrating with other modes. Much is discussed nationally and internationally about utilitarian bicycle trips in the urban context. Thus, extrapolating to a regional context, promoting the use of bicycles for daily commuting between cities located in metropolitan regions can be an alternative. Therefore, considering that the strategic planning of cycle networks between cities in the face of Brazilian urban-road interfaces is still incipient, this study sought to study the relationship between cycling and commuting trips through infrastructure evaluation. Thus, the present study aimed to define an evaluation method for a cycle network for commuting trips on a metropolitan scale, considering safety and accessibility criteria. The study was composed of two stages: (1) definition of an instrument for evaluating cycle infrastructure in metropolitan regions through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis and (2) application of the instrument in the case study, using Geographic Information System. For the development of stage 1, a questionnaire was elaborated and applied to obtain a hierarchy of importance among the criteria through the perception of the interviewees. For stage 2, the recent and promising Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto (SP) was chosen as the study area, due to its non-conurban territorial characteristics and presence of intense commuting flows. The results indicated: (i) according to the general perception of the interviewees, the order of importance of the criteria (stage 1), being (a) cycle management (0.29), (b) cycle design (0.28), (c) cycle perception (0.22), (d) cycle facilities (0.21); and (ii) in the case study in RMRP (stage 2), roads with potential for implementing a cycle network that connect Ribeirão Preto to the cities of (a) Jardinópolis, (b) Sertãozinho, (c) Serrana, in addition to its ring road, however, mostly characterized by regular and poor scores. Finally, considering that the selected areas are of great relevance and, on the other hand, present their weaknesses, the suggested network was qualified in order to establish it to local realities. It is concluded that the study contributed to the use of bicycles in medium and long-distance routes, from the perspective of safety, as well as emphasized a great potential for implementing a cycle network in Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto (SP).
Metodologias sintéticas envolvendo reações fotoquímicas e eletroquímicas em condições de batelada e fluxo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Silva, Rodrigo Costa e
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3692153703497359
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-7492
SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGIES INVOLVING PHOTOCHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN BOTH BATCH AND CONTINUOUS FLOW CONDITIONS. Initially (Chapter 1), general aspects of the studied reactions were presented and in the chapter 2, a methodology for the photoarylation of diazines with aryldiazonium salts was described. This reaction was promoted by visible light in the absence of a photocatalyst. The diazines (pyrazine, pyrimidine and pyridazine) were arylated from 69 to 84% yield and UV-Vis spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the individual components of the mixture were not photoactive while irradiated by visible light, but the reaction was promoted by a photoactive aggregate formed between the donor (diazines) and acceptors species (aryldiazonium salts) in solution, so-called as EDA complex. However, aspects related to the formation of EDA complexes in solution and some limitations of the methodology were observed. Alkylation reactions with alkyldiazonium salts have not been evaluated for safety reasons. Furthermore, the reaction required a large excess of diazines and was not regioselective with no advantages to be transposed to continuous flow conditions. Given the above, a methodology for the selective C–4 alkylation of pyridines under continuous flow was developed (Chapter 3). The UV irradiation of benzophenone in the presence of alkanes, promoted the formation of alkyl radicals by the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process. The radicals reacted with a protected pyridinium salt, and the product was formed after deprotection using base. All the transformations were carried out under continuous flow in only 15 minutes residence time. Using deactivated and functionalized alkanes, both substituted and unsubstituted pyridines were alkylated from 23 to 71% yield. Mechanism studies suggested that benzophenone promoted the generation of alkyl radicals and oxidation of the radical intermediate. In Chapter 4, aspects related to the formation of EDA complexes in solution were evaluated and a methodology for the accelerated discovery of EDA-mediated reactions was developed. Overall, an algorithm employing image processing techniques was developed. The image-processing algorithm evaluated the color change after mixing the components, analyzed thin-layer chromatography plates and classified 1225 mixtures. The algorithm classified i) 1117 mixtures as without color change; ii) 45 mixtures as colorimetric reactions; iii) 30 mixtures as possible EDA, but without evidence of products after irradiation, and iv) 33 mixtures as possible EDA-mediated reactions. The algorithm identified that irradiation of the mixture containing triphenylphosphine and 4-nitrophthalonitrile produces the corresponding iminophosphorane via the EDA complex, thus revealing a new photocatalyzed chemical transformation. A small library of compounds was produced after reaction optimization. However, the optimized photochemical conditions, 48 hours at -20 °C, were considered impractical. In this way, a methodology for the electrochemical synthesis of iminophosphorane under continuous flow conditions was developed (Chapter 5). Acid-catalyzed chemoselective reduction of nitroaromatics in the presence of triphenylphosphine produced iminophosphoranes in up to 92% yield at room temperature and in only 5 minutes of residence time. Nitroarenes substituted with nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and triflate were compatible with the electrochemical conditions used. Mechanism studies suggested the formation of intermediate nitrenes generated via sequential-paired electrolysis. Finally, iminophosphoranes were also used in other synthetic protocols. Aldimines and amines were obtained by the aza-Wittig and Staudinger reduction reactions, respectively.
Avaliação experimental do desempenho mecânico de cavilhas de madeira engenheirada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Camargo, Marcos Vinício de
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Moura, Jorge Daniel de Melo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6702835576788945
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-8524
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Christoforo, André Luis
The civil construction industry in the world context has sought more efficient construction systems with regard to environmental preservation. The wood usually used comes from native forests, which are increasingly scarce. With the strengthening of sustainability concepts, the need to develop viable alternatives for the rational use of species from planted forests was created. In this context, the present work presents the use of wood from the Pinus taeda species in order to add value to this raw material with great availability in the market. The research presents the characterization process of Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus saligna woods, as well as the behavior of Pinus wood after being subjected to the impregnation process with methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) impregnation method by vacuum - pressure, and thus increase the average values of the mechanical properties of wood from the species Pinus taeda. Proposing the use of engineered wood of the Pinus taeda species in the manufacture of dowels with the purpose of replacing metallic in wooden connections. To achieve this objective, an experimental program was carried out to characterize Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus saligna woods, followed by impregnation tests and finally the elaboration and characterization of engineered dowels with (MMA). After carrying out the experimental program, satisfactory results were found, where the impregnation method proved to be effective, showing a gain in resistance to compression parallel to the fibers fc0 of Pinus taeda wood, denoting gains of up to 92% when compared to pieces without impregnation. Where the analyzes in dowels also showed stiffness gains for their use in connection elements
Construção de metodologia para avaliação do uso de informação geográfica na gestão pública municipal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Almeida, Vitor Laytynher Santos de
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Stanganini, Fábio Noel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1850479504728279
In an urban context, many technological advances in areas such as remote sensing, computation, and information technology have enabled the gathering of a massive quantity of geographic data, which contributes to the decision making of governments. These are data about traffic and vehicles, about infrastructure network, socioeconomic data, territory demarcations, and many other types of data from different sectors, which need to become compatible, to be organized, and to be easily accessed in order to benefit public policies. In Brazil, although there are institutional incentives to the efficient managing of geographic information, many city level administrations still have a hard time dealing with this type of data. The goal of this project is to create and test a method able to quantify the use of geographic information in city hall processes and decisions, named GeoPerformance City Test. In order to do that, it was stablished some indicators (use patterns, data&software, operators, regulations, external use) and some parameters that would assemble a complete picture of the geographical data and its application context regarding a municipality. These indicators were then calibrated through consultation of specialized personnel following Delphi process. After that, it took place the geographic data conditions assessment for voluntary cities. As a result, specialized personnel pointed Data&Software and Operators as the most important items in order to seize full geographic data potential. However, city halls that contributed with the research pointed the lack of specialization on the matter, and also a generalized deficiency in institutional websites offering geographic data. Besides, there wasn't a strong agreement among consultants regarding indicators and parameters weights, as these factors showed substantial variations along the process. Main conclusion is that it seems to exist an impediment to the offering of city geoportals for common users, although city halls recognize spatial data as an important asset, hence the good results in Data&Software. Yet, there are still weak points, such as instructions and standards, and operators specialization. Regarding the assessment methodology, it showed that the gathering of information happens fast among cities, maybe due to the answer-guided form, and that it provides a fast and wide-ranging diagnosis about spatial data situation in city hall.
Percepções de pais de filhos com transtorno do espectro autista sobre o impacto nas ocupações paternas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Rezende, Vanessa da Costa
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2767
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0888495255994547
The daily care of a child with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) brings significant changes in the daily life of a family in need of adaptations in the roles of its members and attitudes towards a new lifestyle. Research related to paternal occupations has not yet been so explored compared to studies with mothers when it comes to a child with ASD. This study aims to identify parents' perceptions about the impact of daily care for their children with ASD on their occupations. This is a descriptive-exploratory and quali-quantitative research. Participants are parents of children diagnosed with ASD who agreed to participate in the research in accordance with ethical procedures. Data collection took place exclusively through the Google Forms questionnaire, addressed to the father, which addressed questions related to activities carried out in daily life with their child with ASD and their relationships with other paternal occupations. The sample was composed of 28 participants. The sample was characterized by parents with an average age of 41 years old, most of them are married and live with their wives and their child (ren) with ASD. They have completed high school and have paid professional activity. Most of their children are boys, between the ages of 3 and 6, who attend school and receive care from specialized professionals. The results indicate that the father makes changes in his work occupations due to the daily life with his son with ASD and demonstrate restrictions in study and leisure occupations. They recognize the mother's participation as the majority however they participate and are aware of what happens to their child. The exploratory analysis verified the confirmation of four of the 16 hypotheses tested: (1 and 2) the higher the father's education level, the greater the frequency of rehabilitation services in the private network and the frequency of the child with ASD in school private. (3) Parents who practiced religious activities frequently declared greater presence in the responsibilities of domestic activities. And finally (4), it was confirmed that parents who practiced religious activities frequently and with higher education, filled out the open space of the questionnaire expressing feelings, pain, beliefs, emotions and sharing facts and challenges of their daily lives. It is suggested that future research explore the investigated variables, plus others (for example, the severity of the symptom of the child with ASD, the number of children, size of the support network) with a greater number of participants in the perspective of demonstrating, further, the needs of the father with the child with ASD and developing support for him.
Evasão no ensino superior: análise dos indicadores do censo do INEP para os cursos de licenciatura em ciências da natureza e matemática na região sudeste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Silva, Gilson Brito Rodrigues da Silva
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Lozano, Daniele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775248941851933
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-5403
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Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora
This work is organized into five chapters and used the information provided by INEP, referring to the period from 2009 to 2019, to measure dropout rates in undergraduate courses in the Southeast region, focusing on degrees linked to the areas of natural sciences (biology, physics, chemistry) and mathematics. The first chapter presents the methodological procedures adopted for the construction of this discussion. To this end, we carried out a quantitative analysis of microdata from the Census of Higher Education using Microsoft Excel software and its supplements. The second chapter discusses the teacher training process, going through initial preparation, within graduation, to continuing education. We reflect on the main government policies that are related to this theme, pointing to the need for a balance between theory and practice throughout the teacher training process. The third chapter proposes a discussion on the educational path in Brazil, especially on access to higher education. We present some public policies that provided admission to students, especially the less favored ones, throughout this period. The fourth chapter deals with evasion in higher education and highlights the longitudinal tracking of undergraduates. It is noticed that the methodology adopted by INEP for this purpose obtains higher education monitoring indicators through five rates. However, in our study, we used raw data, considering the total number of incoming, permanent, graduating, dropping out and deceased students, so that we could find the average dropout rate in each of the observed courses. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the results obtained and compares them with the indexes proposed for Higher Education in the current National Education Plan. That said, we note that enrollments in public education are less representative compared to enrollments in private education, in addition to having teachers teaching without proper training, among the five degrees. In the final considerations, we bring elements for reflection on teacher education. We also verified that higher education demands public policies that, in addition to ensuring the student's permanence throughout the course, enhance this training space as a scenario of social transformation.
Perspectiva, implementação, gestão e tecnologias da agricultura digital: um estudo de caso aplicado ao agronegócio brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Manfredo Neto, Leonardo
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Voltarelli, Murilo Aparecido
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4889939917847330
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-1705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5595727823886212
The agribusiness has been characterized for being relevant in the Brazilian’s national scenario, in terms of participation in economy, exports and environment. The agriculture 4.0 represents benefits for all society, businesses and corporate governance. The theme has presented lack in conceptual terms regarding its implementation and new conformation paradigms. In this context, the objective of this paper aimed to verify how was the status of its implementation through an empiric approach, by studying a Brazilian agribusiness technology company and, additionally, by investigating the literature and scientific production (national and international), in terms of product development and management strategies. The study combined a systematic literature review with a case study, through exploratory research with qualitative nature, to clarify and delimit the concepts related to this topic. It has been identified issues in reliable bases, previous research have been synthesized and integrated, and it have brought implications of theoretical construct, through an organized and systematized vision. The results of the systematic review and case study, based on the three key concepts established (implementation, management and technology development), and their respective subdivisions into topics, brought the visibility of the state of the art in the academic context, added to the empirical application evidence through the case study in the field. Additionally, the paper contributed to analyze the challenges involving the fourth revolution in agriculture, in terms of planning levels (operational, tactical and strategical), added to the visibility by segments (sugar-energy, grains, forestry, equipment manufacturers) and company sizes, as well as, contributing with innovative concepts on referential agriculture and general index for the agriculture 4.0. Finally, the scores, interpretations and status of all parameters, segments and organizations have been demonstrated and explained, correlating documents, interviews and the applied questionnaire to bring important inferences for the sector. The paper has highlighted future directions for academics and managers to obtain assertive visibility about the most recent technological revolution in the field.
Explorando a dinâmica da formação e reorganização de classes de equivalência por meio da velocidade de respostas de escolha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Ribeiro, Giovan Willian
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-174X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6950148178975664
Studies that investigated equivalence class reorganization usually adopted participants’ response accuracy as dependent variable. The choice responses speed is sensitive measure to effects not detected by the accuracy and has been used to assess stimulus relatedness degree. We aimed to explore responses’ speed as a measure of the relational strength between stimuli of reorganized classes. In Experiment 1, undergraduates were divided into two groups after trainings and tests of equivalence class formation. The Reversal Group was submitted to a reversal training targeting some relations previously learned, while the Control Group performed a training involving new stimuli. Equivalence relations were then tested again. The Control Group speed increased from the first to the second tests; no differences between tests were observed for the Reversal Group. Experiment 2 investigated whether reorganization test speed is influenced by the amount of training exposure. Two groups underwent trainings and tests of class formation, followed by trainings and tests of class reorganization. An overtraining was performed by the StF Group before the formation tests and by the StR Group before the reorganization tests. The equivalence relations maintenance was tested after 14 or 30 days. The results showed that the StF Group speed was stable throughout the tests while StR Group speed increased from the formation to the reorganization tests and decreased in the maintenance. This indicates that overtraining increased the relational strength of reorganized classes, but impaired their maintenance. Experiment 3 manipulated the inclusion of meaningful stimuli in the classes. The group that related emotion expressions to abstracts stimuli (FACE Group) was more likely to respond correctly in training trials for class formation than the group that only used abstract pictures (ABS Group). When relations were reversed, the FACE Group was less likely to respond correctly during training. Speed showed that the FACE Group responded faster in the formation tests, while the ABS Group responded faster in the reorganization tests, although accuracy was the same for both groups in these steps. Therefore, the use of meaningful stimuli increased the probability of class formation, but hindered class reorganization. Experiment 4 used a pairing procedure to establish meaningful and meaningless S-S relations. A multiple-choice task assessed relational strength between stimuli. The multidimensional scaling technique was used to produce graphical representations of how equivalence classes are arranged in space based on responses speed. The use of meaningful stimuli was investigated, but unlike Experiment 3, the representations did not reveal differences in class formation and indicated that the stimuli were more strongly related after the reorganization for the group that used meaningful stimuli. These findings were interpreted in the light of Relational Density Theory (RDT). In short, the manipulated variables impacted class density and resistance as predicted by RDT, but results such as those of Experiment 4 still require a more elaborate theoretical interpretation.
Inflamação miocárdica: papel da dexametasona e do ramipril no remodelamento cardíaco de ratos com insuficiência cardíaca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-26)
Duchatsch, Francine
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Amaral, Sandra Lia do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-3739
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9855006759097549
Cardiac inflammation has been considered an important mechanism involved in heart failure (HF). Anti-inflammatories, such as dexamethasone (DEX), could be used to control cardiac inflammation, while that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to improve survival for regressing cardiac remodeling in HF. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of DEX treatment or ramipril treatment on inflammation and cardiac remodeling. Wistar rats were submitted to an aortic stenosis (AS) protocol. After 21 weeks, an echocardiogram was performed and, after 24 weeks of surgery, animals were treated with DEX (50μg/kg, s.c.), ramipril (10mg/kg, via gavage) or saline. After treatment, all rats were submitted to an echocardiogram and, at the end of experimental protocol, the groups were euthanized, and left ventricle was removed for analysis of cytokines and inflammatory markers, as well as histological analyzes. The results showed that the animals with AS had an increase in the relative thickness of the left ventricle (+63%), while the treatment with DEX attenuated this increase (-17%) and treatment with ramipril did not promote any change. Although the AS surgery promoted an increase in fibrosis in the heart (+70%), only the DEX treatment attenuated this increase significantly (-23%). This cardiac remodeling promoted worsening of cardiac function that was not readjusted with the improvement of cardiac remodeling with both treatments. The improvement in cardiac remodeling in the treatment with DEX may be related to the improvement in the inflammatory profile in the treatment, as there was a reduction in the cytokines and inflammatory markers that were increased with AS. Although treatment with ramipril did not promote any significant changes in cardiac remodeling, it is already possible to observe an attenuation of the cardiac inflammatory profile in these animals. In conclusion, the present study suggests that DEX may be beneficial in mitigating the progression of heart disease due to an attenuation of cardiac remodeling induced by lower cardiac inflammation. In addition, although treatment with ramipril attenuated cardiac inflammation, it did not significantly improve cardiac remodeling or function, suggesting that longer periods of ramipril treatment could be used.