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Análise das potencialidades de uma prática interdisciplinar na formação inicial de professores de ciências da natureza e matemática sobre elementos da Educação CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Hiraichi, Harumi Adriane; Sales, Nilva Lúcia Lombardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6092092558776882; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-2741; Silva, João Ricardo Neves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5821775579111920; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-0199; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3233377022494986; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9324-7720
This research aims to analyze the knowledge about STS Education (Science, Technology and Society) that is developed and expressed by future teachers - undergraduates - of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in a process of elaboration of a thematic interdisciplinary project in a formative practice that promotes an interdisciplinary training space. For this, in this qualitative research, we were inspired by Content Analysis (CA) to organize and categorize the texts written by the undergraduates in an interdisciplinary project elaborated in a group. Five interdisciplinary projects were analyzed based on a priori categories that deal with the elements of the STS approach, both from a conceptual point of view and from the practices created by the undergraduates. We conclude that characteristic elements of STS Education such as Thematic Approach, Interdisciplinarity and Contextualization were present in all projects, in addition, most of the proposed tasks present real problems in which the themes were broadly covered and advocate the democratization of scientific knowledge. However, none of the works written by the graduates demonstrates to strive with the Latin American Thought in Science, Technology and Society (LATSTS) generally presenting only North American visions of STS Education, which highlights how much LATSTS still distance from initial teacher education.
O novo ensino médio e a oferta dos itinerários formativos no contexto do ensino de ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Prevato, Giovana Cristiane; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-7964; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2619630087980610; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-3074
The objective of this research was to reflect on the implementation of the new secondary education, highlighting the positions of those involved in the school environment and the pressures imposed by being an educational public policy. Considering the low quality of teaching and the alienation of subjects trapped in contemporary conditions, educational restructuring was justified, aiming at the demands of today's society with knowledge that provides freedom of thought, the search for autonomy and the deconstruction of an individualized environment. Through the implementation of Law No. 13,415/2017, significant changes were made to the high school, projecting improvement in the quality and equity of education. Among the alterations, the expansion of the journey with disciplines that intended to help students' future decisions was highlighted. However, it is common for organizations responsible for the executing of reforms not to face those involved as important articulators. On the contrary, they create exclusionary situations such as teachers trained to be efficient applicators, and in relation to students they deny their identities. Thus, the need to discuss the school as a space of cultures was encouraged, considering the social context and, at the same time, portraying aspects linked to scientific knowledge to contribute to science teaching. The methodology proposed for this work was qualitative research, which can take different forms and be conducted in multiple contexts, that is, providing different strategies based on the understanding of the research subjects. The data collected about the phenomenon studied were recorded in a field diary, online questionnaires, and face-to-face interviews. Therefore, the organization of this study was related to the problem represented by educational reforms in the context of the high school. Innovations have different levels of scope, however, the way they are articulated and planned may not contribute to the development of themes of sociocultural relevance and, thus, make it impossible the formation of critical and participatory citizens within the teaching and learning process.
Banco de dados do protocolo: estratégias de promoção, prevenção, rastreio e cuidado em saúde mental entre profissionais de saúde: uma revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Fernandes, Ana Júlia Nociti Lopes; Fassina, Fernanda; Allegretti, Maitê; Rodrigues, Rafaela Carla Piotto; Barbosa Neto, Jair Borges; Martini, Larissa Campagna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3736381802776706; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-7613
The period function for some planar piecewise vector fields
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Santos, Mirianne Andressa Silva; Torregrosa, Joan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-1827; Rezende, Alex Carlucci; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4190869482260889; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-5337; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7562918189039572; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8722-1046
In this work, we study the period function for fixed families of piecewise differential vector fields with a line of discontinuities. These systems, indistinctly called piecewise or nonsmooth, appear in several applications, including among others optimal control, nonsmooth mechanics, and robotic manipulation. For one family, by using a method based upon Picard-Fuchs equations for algebraic curves, we characterize the global behavior of the period function. That is, we determine regions in the parameter space for which the corresponding period function is monotonous or it has critical periods. Furthermore, in one of these families we study the bifurcation of critical periods in the interior of the period annulus from the weak center and from the isochronous center by using the calculation of the Taylor developments of the periods constants near the center. We further present the beginning of the study of the global behavior of the period function for the planar piecewise linear system that contains a period annulus at infinity.
Borra de café: análise da caracterização termoquímica, do processo de elutriação, secagem, peletização e da mistura com outros resíduos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Rocha, Thalyne de Almeida Ferreira; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-6801; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2674259781470431; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-7120
For the reuse of the spent coffee grounds, this thesis has two main strategies, the first is to evaluate its granulometry as a function of the thermal degradation behavior, the elutriation, drying process, pelletization and the spent coffee grounds combustion. And the second is to evaluate mixtures of spent coffee grounds with orange pomace and sugarcane bagasse in the production and the combustion of pellets. In the first part, the influence of the spent coffee grounds granulometry on the combustion behavior was identified by TG and DrTGA analyses, in addition, it was observed that the spent coffee ground breaks up, producing fines when it is submitted to agitation of the fluidized bed. Furthermore, increasing the air velocity, the temperature and the vibrational amplitude and frequency (in a vibrofluidized bed) favors the elutriation as well as the drying process of this material. It was also verified that the drying process of the spent coffee grounds, from 45% to 0.25% of moisture content (w.b.), occurs in the first period of decreasing rate, where the external drying conditions control the process. Also in this time interval, the particulate diameter does not have a significant influence on the drying behavior. With the dried spent coffee grounds, pellet fuels were produced with excellent results in the quality tests. Being that, better results were obtained when smaller was the particulate diameter, due to a greater surface area that leads to an increase in solid-solid forces. In the second part, it was found that spent coffee grounds have a positive influence on the mechanical and thermal quality of pellets of both mixture, sugarcane and orange bagasse. Improving transportation and impact resistance, less moisture absorption and an increase in the energy released in combustion reactions. The main conclusions of this thesis were that the best conditions for elutriation and drying of spent coffee grounds in a vibrofluidized bed are those that favor the generation of fines, which makes more resistant pellets with similar thermal performance. Moreover, spent grounds coffee can be used in a mixture with other wastes, such as sugarcane and orange bagasse, to produce better quality pellets.
Produção do espaço e território usado: um estudo sobre o caso da fábrica têxtil Santa Maria, Sorocaba - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Almeida, Deise Fátima; Burgos, Rosalina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0430255108623706; Lana, Rita de Cássia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9557-0193; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7474642007473946
Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the southeast region of Brazil went through a period of industrialization, mainly supported by the capital coming from coffee. The city of Sorocaba, in the interior of São Paulo state, was among those impacted by industrialization, with several textile factories that altered the urban landscape. In this context, the Santa Maria factory was created in 1892 and ended its activities almost a century later, being demolished in the 1990s. In 1984, upon the closure of its activities, it was acquired by a company that bought the facilities and surroundings of the old factory. Then, the demolition of this industrial heritage began, linked to a residential real estate development that was sold as an innovative project from the perspective of the last decade of the 20th century. However, concomitant with the failure of the initiative and stagnation of the real estate project, various issues emerged among local socio-political actors regarding the losses of the historical heritage. With the intensification of controversy within the legislative and executive powers in Sorocaba, the result was that the site of the factory underwent an embargo, and later the Incorporadora e Construtora Magnum bought the area, having launched a condominium called Villa de Espanha, in which the location of the remaining structures was preserved, with two buildings and the factory chimney remaining. The challenge of this study is to understand how the historical-geographical production of this space occurred based on the notion of "used territory" (SANTOS, 2006) in the east zone of Sorocaba. In this vein, the aim is to understand the actors who constructed the memory and identity in relationships of acceptance and resistance: the working class formed by Spanish immigrants and their descendants over generations, who lived and survived in the surroundings and inside the Santa Maria factory. Therefore, a research is presented that seeks to describe and understand the flows involved in this delimited space: the surroundings of the neighborhood, the daily life of the working village in interaction with the manufacturing processes, the presence of the railroad, and the issues of the 21st century.
Geodiversidade funcional e os recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos de Meridiano – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Xavier, Renata Lucon; Menezes, Denise Balestrero; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4329605467080208; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-3028; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9958463094457630; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-8772
With the growing demand for water supply and sanitation, it is crucial to adopt management plans to conserve the quality and quantity of surface and groundwater resources. In this context, this study aimed to map and quantify the functional geodiversity of Meridiano municipality, identifying environmental vulnerabilities such as erosive processes, dry springs, and degraded watercourses, as well as potential areas for aquifer recharge, to support local water resource management. Multiple sources of information were used, supplemented with field visits and integrated using QGis software. The geodiversity index (GI) was calculated by overlaying a 500 m x 500 m grid on thematic maps (drainage density, geology, pedology, and geomorphology) and tallying the elements in each cell. The GI ranged from 3 to 11, with high-ranking areas and hotspots concentrated in the São José dos Dourados River Basin due to greater diversity in rocks, soils, landforms, and major watercourses. Conversely, the Turvo/Grande River Basin, with lower drainage density, exhibited higher infiltration capacity, favoring aquifer recharge and availability of groundwater resources. Local geological formations consist predominantly of highly permeable and porous sandstones, contributing to the formation of permeable sandy soils, which help maintain aquifers and sustain rivers and streams during dry periods. Overlaying the land use and occupancy map with the geodiversity map revealed that citrus and sugarcane cultivation areas are in close proximity to numerous springs, indicating that unsustainable agricultural practices can contaminate and reduce the availability of these surface waters due to improper soil management and chemical use, posing a risk to groundwater as well. The methodology employed in this research proved effective in identifying the vulnerabilities and potentials of functional geodiversity concerning water resources, while the integrated mapping of information proved crucial for a comprehensive analysis. The results of this study have the potential to contribute to the field of geodiversity, particularly within the context of functional geodiversity, which is less explored in research. The classification of GIs provides valuable insights for the implementation of ecosystem management measures, especially in relation to water resources.
Dinapenia, baixo índice de massa muscular esquelética apendicular ou sarcopenia de acordo com o EWGSOP2: Qual o melhor indicador de risco para o declínio da velocidade de caminhada em homens e mulheres?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Souza, Isabella Letícia de Pádua Cruz e; Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-9793; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9436703854749876; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-6246
Mobility, measured by walking speed (WS), is considered the sixth vital sign in the assessment of the elderly. Its limitation compromises independence and increases the risk of falls, functional loss, hospitalization and death. Despite sarcopenia and dynapenia being two important risk factors for mobility decline, the search for cutoff points capable of predicting such decline early remains a challenge in clinical practice. Thus, the present dissertation aimed to compare dynapenia, with low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI) and with sarcopenia, defined by the consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), in order to verify what would be the best indicator to determine the risk of WS decline in men and women. A longitudinal study was conducted with 2,680 individuals aged 60 years or older free of mobility limitations (WS > 0.8 m/s) who participated in the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Dynapenia was defined by handgrip strength (HGS) (< 39, < 36, < 32, < 30, < 27 and < 26 kg for men and < 23, < 22, < 21, < 20, < 17 and < 16 kg for women). Low ASMMI was defined by the 20th percentile of the sample distribution of appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2 (< 9.24 kg/m2 for men and < 6.52 kg/m2 for women) and sarcopenia was defined by the EWGSOP2 consensus using the different grades for HGS. Generalized linear mixed models controlled for socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical factors were used to analyze the decline in WS (m/s) as a function of dynapenic status, low ASMMI and sarcopenia, separately, during an eight-year follow-up period. Over time, women with dynapenia < 17 kg (- 0.005 m/s per year; 95%CI: - 0.01 – - 0.001) and < 20 kg (- 0.007 m/s per year; 95%CI: - 0.01 – - 0.001) when compared to those without dynapenia ≥ 17 and ≥ 20 kg, respectively. In clinical terms, this means an eight-year decline of -0.14 m/s in the HGS < 17 kg group and a decline of -0.15 m/s in those with HGS < 20 kg. As for sarcopenia, the greatest decline in WS occurred only in women with probable sarcopenia [(- 0.006 m/s per year; 95%CI: - 0.01 – - 0.001, HGS <17 kg) and (- 0.007 m/s per year year; 95%CI: - 0.01 – - 0.001, HGS <20 kg)]. In clinical terms, this means an eight-year decline of -0.15 m/s for both cutoff scores. Dynapenia, low ASMMI and sarcopenia for men and low ASMMI and sarcopenia for women were not able to identify the risk of mobility decline. Women aged 60 years or older and free from mobility limitations, when they have dynapenia and probable sarcopenia, defined by HGS < 17 kg and < 20 kg, are at greater risk of mobility decline over time and should be targeted for early interventions to that this condition is not met.
Em busca da escola unitária: entraves e perspectivas para a formação integrada nos institutos federais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Amorim, Gilberto José de; Nosella, Paolo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117719848535721
Through this research, the aim was to understand the type of integrated high school education that federal institutes are offering to Brazilian youth: whether it falls under a liberal perspective, which only seeks to qualify the workforce, or whether it can be seen from a progressive perspective, which seeks to contribute to a humanistic education. Additionally, the study sought to investigate how Gramscian theory was incorporated into the theses and dissertations produced by federal institute employees who studied integrated high school education. The reasons why young people enroll in these courses were also analyzed. To achieve this, the research used theses and dissertations produced by institution employees who studied the topic between the years of the creation of federal institutes and the approval of the high school counter-reform by the Temer government (2008-2017) as a source. These works helped to understand the concept of these researcher-employees regarding integrated high school education and to what extent the high school proposal being implemented can be seen as a transition to a unified school and omnilateral education, or if, despite the desires of its creators, the project has been reduced in reality to workforce qualification for the current stage of Brazilian capitalism development. Thus, through the theses and dissertations of these researcher-employees, it was observed that Gramsci's thought, as well as the concept of integrated education, were conceived in different ways, serving both for the planning of a humanistic high school education and for its connection to market needs. Additionally, it was possible to perceive that young people enroll in integrated high school education with the goal of continuing their studies at the university level. In this perspective, it was possible to understand the way in which integrated high school education is being implemented in the institutes and, therefore, to contribute to the construction of a quality high school education for all Brazilian youth
Indicadores de desempenho como instrumento de gestão de lodo de estações de tratamento de esgoto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Gandolphi, Caroline; Achon, Cali Laguna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0307406069325793; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-8089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5728080995307418; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7747-2508
The improvement and efficiency of sanitary sewage systems depend on management from an integrated perspective. An important stage that composes the sewage systems is the management of the solid waste generated, however, in Brazil this issue is often neglected, characterized by incomplete treatment steps and doubt about the environmentally appropriate disposal of the sludge. This factor highlights the demand for the application of management tools to improve this sector, especially with regard to the sludge. A relevant document to assist in the coordination of management actions is the Standard ABNT NBR ISO 24511/2012, which advocates the use of Performance Indicators as an essential tool for managing sewage services. In this context, this research aims to analyze performance indicators related to the management of sanitary sewage services, collected from national and international organizations, and to identify, compile and analyze a set of indicators applicable to sludge management. Likewise, an evaluation of the application of this set of indicators was carried out to help manage the sludge generated in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), considering the precepts of NBR ISO 24511/2012 regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data. The analysis of the indicators reveals, among international sources, the majority of operational indicators, while among the national sources, the prevalence is of financial and economic indicators. For sewage sludge, 28 indicators were identified, only among international sources, which correspond to 5.5% of the total, they were compiled and complemented, resulting in 36 indicators for application in the analyzed WWTP. From the application of the set of indicators, the availability of data for each ETE and the degree of confidence of the variables and performance indicators were verified. Based on these results, and considering the difficulty in obtaining reliable data for applying the total of compiled indicators, a set of strategic performance indicators was proposed, applicable from a reduced number of variables and addressing the main aspects related to the sludge management, to be used for the management of this residue. Despite the incipience with the management of sewage sludge that occurs in Brazil confirmed by the results, the use of this set, associated with the method of evaluating the degree of confidence of the data, proves to be adequate as a management instrument for sewage sludge.
Pensando na dor crônica do ombro através de uma abordagem biopsicossocial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Almeida, Lucas Araújo de; Haik, Melina Nevoeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8240155487619947; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-8356; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-4353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7048381847347657; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-3781
Introduction: Chronic shoulder pain is a common complaint in the world's population. It has a multifactorial characteristic and is associated with behavioral and psychological changes that influence shoulder pain and disability outcomes. However, it is not yet clear in the literature how these behavioral and psychological aspects are related to the social participation and interpersonal relationships of individuals with chronic shoulder pain. It is also unclear whether any intervention proposed by a physiotherapist is capable of modifying behavioral and psychological aspects. The assessment and management of chronic shoulder pain based on biopsychosocial instruments and strategies can facilitate clinical decision-making. This thesis is composed of three studies: Study 1: Objective: To understand the contribution of behavioral and psychological in the outcomes such as social participation, interpersonal relationships, sensory function, physical function and activity of individuals with chronic shoulder pain. Methods: Individuals aged between 18 and 65 years were included. The Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), Shoulder Pain Disability Index (SPADI), Disability Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), TAMPA Kinesiophobia Scale (TSK), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains and behavioral characteristics and psychological. Results and conclusion: Pain catastrophizing was the only behavioral aspect able to explain the variability of the ICF domains in individuals with chronic shoulder pain. Anxiety and depressive symptoms explained changes in social participation. Depressive symptoms seems to be relevant to understanding changes in interpersonal relationships and activities of individuals with chronic shoulder pain, and anxiety explained changes in sensory and physical function. Study 2: Objective: To link shoulder-specific questionnaire items to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains and categories and to determine whether the items fit within the ICF framework. Methods: The Brazilian versions of the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC) were independently linked to the ICF by two researchers. Agreement between raters was determined by calculating the Kappa index. Results and conclusion: The shoulder-specific questionnaire items covered components of body functions, activities, and participation. Body structure components and environmental factors were not covered by any of the items present in the questionnaires. There was substantial agreement between researchers. when linking OSS (Kappa index=0.66), SPADI (Kappa index=0.92), SST (Kappa index=0.72) and WORC (Kappa index=0.71). WORC and SST were the questionnaires that covered the greatest number of ICF domains. Study 3: Objective: To identify whether interventions performed by physiotherapists are effective in improving behavioral and psychological aspects in individuals with Chronic Shoulder Pain. Methods: Databases (CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PEDro and PsycINFO) were searched from inception to July 2022. Randomized clinical trials that investigated the effects of interventions performed by physiotherapists on behavioral and psychological aspects of individuals with chronic shoulder pain. Results and conclusion: Seven randomized controlled trials were included. Very low evidence shows no additional benefit of electrophysical agents or manual therapy to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety. Low to moderate evidence suggests that there is no difference between the effectiveness of graded exercise therapy and exercise plus behavioral strategy to improve kinesiophobia, coping, and fear avoidance beliefs. On the other hand, the evidence suggests the effect of graded exercise to improve catastrophizing and the low evidence shows the effect of exercise associated with the behavioral strategy in improving self-efficacy.
Laplaciano de Dirichlet e Dirichlet-Neumann em faixas ilimitadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Amorim, Rafael Toledo; Verri, Alessandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794549732815622; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-7245; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939564799919304; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-4564
Let $\Omega$ be an unbounded two dimensional strip on a ruled surface in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq2$. Consider $-\Delta_{\Omega}^{D}$ the Dirichlet Laplacian operator restricted to $\Omega$ and $-\Delta_{\Omega}^{DN}$ the Laplacian in $\Omega$ with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on opposite sides of $\Omega$. In this work, we performed a detailed spectral study of $-\Delta_{\Omega}^j$, $j\in\{D,\, DN\}$. In particular, we find information about the essential and discrete spectrum of operators; these results are influenced by the geometry of strip and the boundary conditions on $\partial \Omega$. Furthermore, in some situations, we find an asymptotic behavior for the eigenvalues of $-\Delta_{\Omega}^j$, $j\in\{D,\, DN\}$, when the width of $\Omega$ is small enough.
Análise comparativa do desempenho mecânico de tipologias de treliças planas de madeira para classes de resistência distintas via algoritmo de otimização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Moraes, Matheus Henrique Morato de; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465474056220474; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-1344
Wood is a viable choice for building systems, given its mechanical properties suitable for structural applications. In addition, wood is a renewable source, making it even more attractive for use in various applications for structural purposes. Aiming to understand the mechanical performance of two plane trusses under different loading conditions, a comparative study of the mechanical performance of two truss typologies - the modified Fan and Howe typologies - considering spans of 6, 9, 12 and 15 m, was carried out. In order to evaluate the influence of the material adopted in the construction process of the trusses, the species Cambará-rosa, Cupiúba, Angelim-pedra, Garapa and Jatobá, identified as species ID 01, ID 02, ID 03, ID 04 and ID 05, respectively, were characterized. The study was based on ABNT NBR 7190 (2022a) for truss dimensioning, besides applying the matrix analysis method for determining internal forces, nodal displacements and a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm to minimize the structure weight. The species characterization resulted in strength classes D20, D30, D40, D60, and D60, for the species named ID 01, ID 02, ID 03, ID 04, and ID 05, respectively. The results of the optimization process indicate that the Howe typology presented lower results for the objective function (weight of structure) in relation to the modified Fan truss. Furthermore, when the distribution of normal forces in the truss was analyzed, a correlation was observed with the characteristic strength in compression and tensile of the species, where the trusses with species of lower mechanical strength are more requested, while the trusses with species of higher mechanical strength are less requested. In this sense, it is possible to note that the Howe truss typology presents a larger amplitude in relation to the Modified Fan truss typology, in most of the conditions adopted for the ULS constraints. When analyzing the constraints associated with a deflection in the immediate condition, it was observed that values close to zero were obtained, which indicates that constraints of this nature limited the optimization process. In summary, wood turned out to be a sustainable and viable option for truss constructions, and that different wood species have distinct mechanical properties that should be considered when designing the structure. The matrix analysis methods and swarm intelligence optimization algorithms allowed the evaluation of internal efforts and nodal displacements in the trusses, as well as minimizing the weight of the structure. In addition, it is important to consider all constraints when dimensioning timber structures.
Resistência ao cisalhamento de lajes alveolares contínuas em pavimentos a partir do mecanismo de tração diagonal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-04-27) Rocha, Arthur Lima; Ferreira, Marcelo de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4199122391532470; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-2171; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2461057458957609; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3389-8190
The use of continuous hollow core slabs with structural topping floors has increased in the past few years in the civil construction. By reason of this use, different types of loads can occur on the hollow core slabs units, such as high intensity point loads. In this way, the necessity to understand the shear strength mechanisms of this kind of floor systems with composite elements is essential, because there is a lack of existent literature about situations with continuity and topping on site. For this, validation was carried out based on a test in a continuous situation, using the existing theory. From the verified data, hollow core slabs without topping, with topping and continuous with structural toppings subjected to point loads can have the tension shear mechanism achieved. For this to occur, one must ensure that the prestressing transmission length does not crack, which is facilitated for situations with continuity and details are necessary to maintain the connection between topping and hollow core slab.