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Sistemas agroflorestais urbanos: uma proposta de infraestrutura verde para uma urbanização agroecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) D'Angelis, Gilberto Machel Veiga; Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6777223792862756; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-7809; Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-6434; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996316580687902; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3177-3838
The increase of green areas in cities brings numerous social, environmental, and economic benefits, both in its productive aspects (as in the movements of vegetable gardens and urban agriculture) and concerning the ecosystem services that can be added to the creation or expansion of urban forests (carbon sequestration, improvement of the microclimate, reduction of pollution, integration of people with the environment, leisure). However, a proposal aggregating all these benefits simultaneously, systemically, and integrated into the urban landscape is stillchallenging. Thus, based on the integrating concept of Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes (derived from architecture) combined with the concept of Urban Food Forestry, this research set out to investigate (through a broad critical review of the literature) the use of Agroforestry Systems (AFS) as a strategy to compose productive landscapes and integrate – at the same time – the promotion of numerous ecosystem services to the urban design of cities. The results indicate that Agroforestry Systems can be seen as a new and promising typology of Green Infrastructure (GI) to support projects of cities in transition to agroecological urbanization or to project cities of the future in which urban ecosystems are connected from the outset to natural ecosystems and can thus co-evolve and develop in a symbiotic and beneficial to the surrounding nature.
Asymmetric induction on isocyanide-based transformations: development of stereoselective Ugi-type reactions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Silva, Vitor Alcantara Fernandes da; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7490678528488396; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1412-9863
The design of new synthetic transformations that rapidly allow construction of structurally complex molecules from simple starting materials under both concepts of diversity and function-oriented syntheses is extremely desirable in contemporary organic chemistry. In this regard, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) appear as one of the most useful strategies for quickly generating structural diversity and molecular complexity. Among the vast repertoire of MCRs, isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) stand out as a powerful approach to achieve highly functionalized molecules with elevated chemical efficiency, convergence and atom economy. As part of our ongoing interest in developing diastereoselective intramolecular I-MCRs based on chiral scaffolds, an efficient strategy has been established, which combines the stereocontrol of organocatalysis with the diversity-generating character of multicomponent reactions, leading to structurally unique cyclopentenyl frameworks containing two stereogenic centers. Based on our recent success into using hemiacetals in substrate-controlled I-MCR reactions, we have envisioned the development of an asymmetric Ugi-type Reaction with achiral hemiacetals using an organocatalytic Brønsted acid as the element of asymmetric induction. After a short screening of conditions, we found out that SPINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acids, especially with phenanthryl as substituent (59% yield, 66% ee), which was chosen as the best catalyst in this initial screening.
Estudo da produção de biopolímeros polihidroxialcanoatos por bactérias isoladas do inseto-praga Diabrotica speciosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Pires, Marília Silva; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-2921; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9157366574876633; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-4171
Petroleum-derived plastic materials are fundamental in our daily lives due to characteristics such as strength and durability. However, the indiscriminate use of these materials is one of the main causes of environmental problems, since these materials are not biodegradable and accumulate in the environment. Biopolymers produced by microorganisms are an alternative to replace conventional plastic materials, being of renewable origin, biodegradable and, even so, presenting properties similar to those of synthetic polymers and suitable for several industrial applications. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the production of PHAs biopolymers by Deftia sp. and Aureimonas sp. using different culture media and substrates, as well as describing aspects of the genome organization of these strains based on the production of PHAs. The analysis of the genome of the two bacteria allowed the identification of possible genes involved in the biosynthesis of PHAs, such as phaA, phaB and phaC. The behavior related to cell growth, production and composition of PHAs of these strains in different culture media (complex medium and saline medium) and using different substrates, such as whey, glycerol, lignin and vegetable oil, was evaluated. The PHAs produced for each condition were characterized in terms of monomeric structure and composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results showed variability in the monomeric composition and cell growth depending on the culture medium used, with emphasis on the cultivation of Deftia sp. in complex medium with glycerol, which showed the monomers 3-HB, 3-HV, 3-HO and 3-HD in the PHA produced and cell growth of 2,34 g/L. An analytical method was developed by GC-MS for the quantitative analysis of 3-HB monomer and showed satisfactory results of the validation parameters. With that, a multivariate analysis was used to determine the variables that most influence the process of cell growth and PHAs production, based on the selection of the best conditions established in the evaluation of the culture media for each bacterium. The variables substrate concentration, cultivation time and oxygenation of the medium were influential on the bioprocess. The best cultivation conditions showed values of 4,30 g/L, 1,19×10-1 g/L and 2,77% for cell growth, polymer concentration and yield, respectively, for Deftia sp. in complex medium with glycerol and 2,60 g/L, 1,30×10-1 g/L and 4.98% in whey medium. For Aureimonas sp. grown in whey the best conditions showed values around 1,51 g/L, 7,60×10-1 g/L and 5,05%. In this study, it was possible to perceive the potential of the strains to produce PHAs using different substrates, evidencing and highlighting the possible use of low-cost carbon sources for the production of molecules with high added value.
Sem referências: o ChatGPT sob a perspectiva latouriana do duplo clique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Catalano, José Victor Rodrigues; Lorenzi, Bruno Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1909068756854901; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2542475204715114; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-7393; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-0726
A Inteligência Artificial Generativa tem despertado grande interesse na população, e o ChatGPT é um exemplo notável desse fenômeno, devido à sua ampla cobertura midiática. Entretanto, ao analisarmos as principais controvérsias em torno da versão 3.5 do ChatGPT, fica evidente que a ausência de referências confiáveis é um problema alarmante. Em alguns casos, a ferramenta gera informações imprecisas ou falsas, que alguns autores chamam de 'alucinações'. Este artigo foca na problemática das fontes e referências, que o ChatGPT frequentemente não fornece e, em alguns casos, até falsifica. Com a crescente disseminação do uso da ferramenta, a questão da falta de fontes e ou referências pode se tornar ainda mais grave. Os usuários podem considerar o ChatGPT como um oráculo infalível, aumentando sua confiabilidade pelo simples hábito de uso. Nesse sentido, analisamos esse comportamento à luz do conceito de Duplo Clique, presente na obra 'Investigação sobre os modos de existência: Uma antropologia dos modernos', de Bruno Latour. Abordando a ignorância das mediações durante o processo de conversação (saídas) com a IA e seus possíveis efeitos para a sociedade, caso acreditar cegamente em saídas com falta de referências (um duplo clique) se torne um hábito.
"O samba como instrumento de transformação social”: afeto, cultura e política na comunidade de samba do pagode da 27
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Musa, Nicolau Augusto; Motta, Luana Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1042165629261102; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3275060771674827
This dissertation discusses the politics made by the popular classes through peripheral cultural collectives. Specifically, the objective is to discuss what shapes and drives this political form of peripheral cultural collectives, their modes of operation and their consequences. The ethnographic research was conducted with Pagode da 27, a samba community located in Grajaú, in the southernmost part of the city of São Paulo. To obtain the data, a follow-up was made of the routine of members and situations of musical practice and social projects of Pagode da 27. In addition to observation, interviews and music analysis were conducted. From the analysis, three arguments emerge that help to understand the shaping and driving of the political practice of agents through the Samba Community: a) samba as a cultural practice and tradition is of great importance in the production of bonds between agents, in the ways they think of themselves and in the direction they give to their actions; b) shared affections between agents and their affections towards samba are a primary factor for them to build the collective and act through it; c) the meanings given by agents of what it means to be a "samba community" and the practices linked to this are central to transforming cultural and affective dimensions into political organization.
Efeito do armazenamento nas características microbiológicas e físico-químicas do açúcar mascavo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Perez, Carolina da Silva; Liska, Gilberto Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2217949943647601; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-377X; Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0938; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8570264403081596; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1129-9890
Microbiological and physicochemical characteristics are determining factors for the quality of raw cane sugar. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of storage on the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of brown sugar. The brown sugar samples were of industrial origin and differed in terms of moisture content (%): A=1.69; B=1.96; C=2.00; D=4.13 and particle size, and were stored for 365 days and analyzed every three months. Microbiological parameters were analyzed according to their compliance with national and international regulations, and physicochemical attributes were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by mean test and principal component analysis (PCA). The evaluated microbiological and physicochemical parameters were respectively: total coliforms; Escherichia coli; mesophilic bacteria; molds and yeasts; moisture content; water activity (AW); pH; conductimetric ash content; reducing sugars; Pol; and colorimetric color. The values of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were in compliance with Brazilian legislation. Only one sample of molds and yeasts exceeded the limit proposed by the current national legislation of 102 CFU/g. There was growth of colonies of mesophilic bacteria in all samples, which at certain storage periods were unsatisfactory according to international regulations. During the 365-day storage, there was random variation in moisture content, a tendency of increased water activity in samples C and D, colorimetric color changes, and a slight increase in conductimetric ash content; pH values were lower compared to time zero; reducing sugar levels decreased; Pol levels showed low polarization. Therefore, it is possible to observe that storage influenced most of the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics. However, since there are no reference values for identity and quality standards for this type of sugar, it cannot be stated that the variations in the evaluated parameters compromise the quality of the product. Nonetheless, the efficiency of good manufacturing practices during agro industrial processing and the quality of the raw material are evident.
Avaliação morfofuncional dos músculos do quadril e joelho, e perfil psicológico de pessoas com disfunções femoropatelares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Siqueira, Malu dos Santos; Serrão, Fábio Viadanna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137335642635433; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3655-9933; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5512259543398753; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8051-7525
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) are highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, being present in approximately 23% of the general population and 39% of people aged ≥ 30 years, respectively. They are characterized by pain in the anterior region of the knee and have a poor prognosis in most cases, with 50% of patients with PFP reporting persistent pain and/or progression to PFOA, and 31% of patients with PFOA progressing to worsening of the condition and/or development of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. The increased overload of the patellofemoral joint and consequent worsening of the condition, is potentiated by biomechanical changes such as increased hip internal rotation and hip adduction, and weakness of the abductor, lateral rotator and extensor muscles of the hip and quadriceps. In the PFOA, little has been investigated about the strength level of the hip and knee muscles, and the studies that investigated the effect of strengthening these muscle groups showed contradictory results regarding the effects durability. hus, there is still no consensus on whether or not these people have weakness in this muscle and how much they could benefit from strengthening targeted at these muscle groups. Thus, for a specific treatment to be developed for the needs of these patients, it is necessary to be sure which muscles are affected in this condition. In PFP, despite the fact that studies have actually observed weakness in the hip and quadriceps muscles of these patients, and muscle strengthening has shown positive results in improving pain and functionality, the prognosis of half of these patients is unfavorable after 5 to 8 years. Thus, in addition to biomechanical changes, studies have also investigated whether there is any psychological condition installed in these patients, since worst psychological condition could negatively influence their prognosis. However, few studies have been carried out and there is no consensus about the subject. Thus, based on these gaps in the literature, this thesis aimed to investigate whether people with PFOA have worse strength, volume and/or activation of the hip and quadriceps muscles than pain-free people, and; to investigate whether people with PFP have worst psychological condition than pain-free people, so that specific therapies for mental disorders can be included in the treatment of these patients. Thus, manuscript 1 of this thesis was a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared the strength, volume or activation of the hip and quadriceps muscles between people with PFOA and pain-free controls. As a result, meta-analyses have proven that people with PFOA have less strength in the hip abductor, lateral rotators and extensors and quadríceps muscles, and the analysis of individual studies has shown less muscle volume in the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris, as well as changes in activation of the VL, VM, and gluteus maximus muscles in people with PFOA when compared to asymptomatic controls. The certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to imprecision and indirectness according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). In the second manuscript of this thesis, also in a systematic review with meta-analysis, studies that investigated emotional reactions, anxiety, depression, kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing of people with PFP were compared to pain-free controls were compared. Meta-analyses have shown that people with PFP present with emotional reactions, kinesiophobia and pain catastrophizing significantly worse than their pain-free controls. Only 1 study investigated anxiety and depression in isolation, and this one did not observe a significant difference. Despite the concrete results of this review, the level of evidence for all outcomes was very low according to GRADE.
Efeito do armazenamento no perfil sensorial do açúcar mascavo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Souza, Yara Karolina Moura de; Liska, Gilberto Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2217949943647601; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-377X; Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0938; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2142395354610647; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2575-0105
The stability and quality of sugar during storage are related to microbiological and physicochemical parameters. Due to its production process, raw sugar typically has higher moisture content when compared with other sugars. It can alter the appearance and texture of the product. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage on the sensory characteristics of raw sugar with different moisture levels and particle sizes, seeking to determine whether the sensory quality of the product would be altered. The sugar was produced using the SP80-3280 variety, with four samples: A=1.69, B=1.96, C=2.00, and D=4.13% moisture content. Moisture analysis, water activity, total coliforms, conductometric ashes, and instrumental color analysis were performed. For the sensory analysis, a quantitative descriptive method was used to describe appearance and texture attributes. The instrumental color analysis regarding luminosity showed that there was no significant change for sample A over a period of 365 days. Sample D was considered the darkest. The sugars showed positive a* and b* parameters. Samples A, B, and C showed an increase in chroma values; all samples decreased their values in the hue parameter. As for statistical analyses, analysis of variance was used followed by Tukey's test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The moisture analysis of sample D (4.13%) was considered the most humid and with the highest water activity. In the analysis of total coliforms, all samples were within the standard. In the sensory analysis, the sensory attributes were: brown color, color homogeneity, homogeneous appearance, wet appearance, wet texture and grainy texture. Regarding ADQ, sugar D was considered the darkest, while samples B, C and D more homogeneous in terms of color and appearance, samples B and C were the least grainy and samples B and C were considered to have a more humid texture. Sugar A was the least accepted and purchase intention was greater for Sugar D followed by sugar A. Samples D and C were the darkest and most accepted for the color attribute, while samples A and B were the least accepted. Therefore, it was found that storage influenced the physical-chemical parameters, sensory attributes of the descriptive analysis and acceptance test, but not enough to compromise the quality and safety of the product.
Efeitos da terapia por fotobiomodulação laser no processo de integração de enxerto de pele total, em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Oliveira, Maria Carolina Derencio; Brassolatti, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8403640648196148; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-700X; Liebano, Richard Eloin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1397951221512127; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-6723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8887606484271737; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-7412
The skin grafting technique is defined by the transfer of a skin segment to a damaged body area, without a vascular pedicle. The graft integration process is complex, since it is necessary to reestablish the blood supply and consequently many complications are triggered. To avoid recurrence, low-cost, easy-to-apply treatments are sought and with local actions that stimulate the healing process. Recently, laser photobiomodulation (PBM) began to be investigated in this area, due to it is trophic-regenerative effects described in the literature for various skin wounds. However, the studies are still initials, with inconclusive protocols and dosimetry. In view of this, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the relationship between power and irradiation time of laser PBM in fibroblasts, at red (660 nm) and infrared (808 nm) wavelengths, further investigating it as a therapeutic proposal to optimize the full-thickness skin grafts integration, when applied in the recipient area or as a post-surgical treatment. In the first study and in vitro, human skin fibroblast cells were irradiated with 1 J energy, 50 mW power and 20 s time or 100 mW power and 10 s time, for each wavelength. After evaluating cell proliferation and the inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 (IL-6), it was concluded that the association of higher potency with shorter irradiation time was more effective in stimulating fibroblasts and reducing IL-6. In the in vivo studies, 60 rats were used and all of them underwent full-thickness skin graft surgery, measuring 5x3 cm. In the first study, the animals received only one PBM application in the recipient area, with the aim of biostimulating the bed to receive the graft. In the second study, the animals received PBM immediately after surgery, 24 hours and 48 hours later, totalizing three applications. In both studies, analyzes were performed on the 3rd and 7th day after the procedure, with photographic captures and biological samples being collected. The results of the first indicated a lower necrosis percentage and better morphological characteristics with the 660 nm laser. The results of the second showed better performance of the 808 nm laser, with lower necrosis percentages and better morphological conditions.
Sendo médico em português: histórias vividas e narradas por dois médicos cubanos em atuação no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Silva, Suiane Bezerra da; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2738175118465673
In 2016, I had my first opportunity to teach Portuguese lessons abroad to speakers of other languages. My students were Cuban doctors who were preparing for the international mission organized by the Ministries of Health and Education through the "Mais Médicos" Physician Recruitment Program. After the end of the Welcome and Assessment Module (MAAv), i.e., the course that physicians had to attend as a prerequisite for entering the program, I was interested in learning about the life these doctors were going to have in Brazil. Thus, this is a narrative research study, based on the theoretical-methodological perspective of Clandinin and Connelly (2000; 2015), whose overall objective is to gain further insights into the experiences narrated by two Cuban doctors working in Brazil. Particularly, my goals were to: a) analyze and discuss the experiences lived and reported in the narratives of the two doctors working in Brazil when they still had had little contact with Portuguese and b) identify and discuss the strategies the male and female Cuban physicians used for communicating with their patients during medical consultations. My motivation for conducting this study lies in my understanding of language as an important means of communication, interaction, and social inclusion. Thus, knowledge of the stories told by physicians can unveil the relationships and interactions between them, the Brazilian community, and the context of their host country, because to successfully perform their duties, the physicians would have to be able to communicate effectively with their patients. Also, everyday life would require practical resolutions, such as paying bills, going grocery shopping, taking a taxi, etc. Therefore, what the physicians reported on their interactions with Brazilians and their surroundings, on whether their presence was accepted or rejected, and on whether they could provide health care assistance, are strong narrative components that can account for a social and linguistic phenomenon that has manifested itself in our society. While discussing the experiences narrated by the participants, I addressed the following concepts: experience, as developed by educator John Dewey (1979); language variation, according to authors such as Bagno (2002), Calvet (2002), Gnerre (1998); language anxiety, an expression coined by MacIntire and Gardner (1991a, 1991b); personal knowledge, professional knowledge (ELBAZ, 1983; FENSTERMACHER, 1994; CLANDININ AND CONNELLY, 1985; 1988; 1995) and reflective practitioners (SCHÖN, 1983; 1992); primary health care attributes (STARFIELD, 2002), among others that I have considered to be relevant to the points raised. The physicians’ narratives that were selected to compose this study are stories of shared learning and knowledge, of communication strategies, of prejudice, among other meaningful aspects.
Validação da versão adaptada transculturalmente da Family Impact of Assistive Technology Scale for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (FIATS-AAC-BR)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Lino, Carolina Cristina Alves; Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1474728505225459; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-4858; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1032356815023991; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-9405
Considering the importance of searching for assertive methods and procedures in the implementation of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems with children and young people with complex communication needs, researchers and professionals have been dedicating themselves to exploring means and resources to enable a more effective evaluation regarding the intrinsic components to the impact of the quality of this process. This study is part of a bigger research that aims to translate and validate the Canadian scale Family Impact of Assistive Technology Scale for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (FIATS-ACC) for use in Brazil. This scale proposes to evaluate the impact in the daily family context of the use of AAC systems by children and adolescents with complex communication needs, based on the family‟s perception. A first study has already been carried out, which focused on the following theoretical procedures: initial translation, reconciled translation, content evaluation by specialists and back-translation. This research aims to carry out the face validation and preliminary validation of the psychometric properties as continuities of the cross-cultural validation process of the FIATS-AAC scale for the Brazilian Portuguese language. The methodological and cross-sectional research had as materials the scale, four instruments developed for the research, and an instrument used as a comparative measure to assess the convergent validity of the scale. Five parents/main caregivers of children/adolescents using the CAA participated in Face Validation. The data were descriptively tabulated and a comparative semantic analysis was performed, indicating that of the 89 items presented in the scale, five of them would have doubts for the respondents. From the adequacy of the items and with the agreement by the authors of the original scale, a reliability analysis was performed regarding the internal consistency and stability of the scale with 30 participants, who are characterized as the target audience of the FIATS-AAC-Br. These participants completed the Characterization Sheet and the FIATS-AAC-Br scale. After an interval of two weeks from the first application, the FIATS-AAC-Br scale was applied again, with the guarantee of verifying if there was agreement between the answers, thus attributing greater stability to the data, and in parallel, the PedsQl™ was administered together with to the first application, being used as a comparative measure to evaluate the convergent validity of the FIATS-AAC-Br. To check the instrument's internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated, indicating good internal consistency, since the result for the total FIATS-AAC-Br scale showed a level higher than the limit for internal consistency (α = 0.94 ) . As for stability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated and the data indicated an excellent result for both the total FIATS-AAC-Br (ICC = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.92-0.98), as for its 13 dimensions. To assess the convergent validity, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the FIATS-AAC-Br and the PedsQl™ was calculated, and the data received a significant positive result (Pearson r= 0.719, p < 0.001). Thus, the results reach the objective proposed for the research and are expected to collaborate with the availability of a measurement tool to professionals and services that work with AAC in monitoring the proposed interventions.
O papel das atividades experimentais no fomento da aprendizagem colaborativa de ciências nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Fornari, Cássia Sousa; Santos Junior, João Batista dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5615071332323472; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-2242; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446846894809012; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-3017
Esta disertación tiene como objetivos generales investigar el desarrollo de la Alfabetización Científica en los grados iniciales a través de la enseñanza por la investigación realizada a través de experimentos; y verificar el proceso argumentativo de los estudiantes y los Indicadores de Alfabetización Científica a través de la docencia investigativa. También se pretende identificar el proceso argumentativo de los estudiantes a través de la docencia investigativa en las clases de ciencias naturales; analizar qué indicadores de Alfabetización Científica se desarrollan en los estudiantes en el proceso argumentativo; comprobar si la realización de experimentos y simulaciones en el aula favorable la apropiación del conocimiento científico estructurada sobre los ejes de Alfabetización Científica. El problema-pregunta diseñado para ser respondido es el siguiente: ¿En qué medida los experimentos favorecen la apropiación de las Ciencias en los estudiantes de la serie inicial? El abordaje es cualitativo, utilizando la investigación bibliográfica para componer el marco teórico de la investigación, por lo que también puede ser considerada exploratoria. También es investigación de campo y aplicada, ya que se aplicarán experimentos y simulaciones en aulas de una escuela pública municipal de Sorocaba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, y también se utilizará la técnica de la observación para analizar las actividades realizadas por los alumnos. durante las clases experimentales e investigativas. El análisis de los datos abarcará un acercamiento a los argumentos de los estudiantes de clases de los grados iniciales de la escuela primaria, pudiendo catalogarlo como crítica de contenido, conjugando con el estándar de argumentación Fischer (2002), de las transcripciones de los discursos argumentativos de los estudiantes. El análisis considerará la presencia o no de ejes de Alfabetización Científica en los argumentos. Palabras clave: Alfabetización Científica. Serie Inicial. Experimentos. Apredizaje Colaborativo. Argumentación.
Filogenia, biogeografia e diversificação de cactos na América do Sul com enfoque na tribo Cereeae (Cactaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Brito, Monique Romeiro; Moraes, Evandro Marsola de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3100796431732251; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-0794; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9913396967397481; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-5751
The global expansion of arid and semiarid habitats is often associated with climate changes that occurred during the Miocene and Pleistocene. Despite the relevance of these climatic events for the diversification of plants in xeric (dry) environments, few studies have been conducted related to the role of the expansion of aridity as a mechanism of diversification in South America. Besides the expansion of aridity, biotic factors may be involved with the diversification of taxon associated with xeric habitats, as observed in previous studies within the Cactaceae family. Due to the recent diversification of this family, molecular phylogenies that used few molecular markers have faced difficulties to distinguish the relationship within its main clades. A reasonable strategy to obtain higher accuracy and resolution in phylogenetic inferences is to employ genomic data combined with coalescence phylogenetic approaches. The present study aims to investigate biotic and abiotic factors associated with the diversification of tribe Cereeae, one of the major lineage of cacti in South America, and identify evolutionary and ecological patterns in common with taxa inhabiting xeric environments in South America. For this purpose, the following specific aims were established: identify ortholog genic regions available for Cactaceae and build a lineage-specific panel for shallow and deep-phylogenetic studies in this group using target capture sequencing approach (Chapter1); reconstruct a robust phylogeny for the tribe Cereeae, a group comprising the major diversity of Cactaceae in South America, using target capture sequencing approach. This phylogeny would be useful to delimitate well-supported suprageneric and generic relationships, and guide new taxonomic treatments (Chapter 2); and estimate divergence time and biogeographic events involved in the diversification of tribe Cereeae, as well as estimate shifts in diversification rates related to biotic and abiotic traits (Chapter 3). In brief, we selected more than five hundred ortholog nuclear regions and built a RNA bait panel, named here as Cactaceae591. As shown in chapter 1, these regions were capable of establishing phylogenetic relationships at deeper and shallower levels in Cactaceae. In chapter 2, we used newly generated target capture sequencing data and public databases to obtain a comprehensive view of phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Cereeae. The genomic dataset showed to be fundamental to obtaining highly supported phylogenetic relationships in this group, being the base to delimit suprageneric and generic groupings in this tribe. Finally, in chapter 3, we recovered that the divergence time estimated in tribe Cereeae is congruent with the period of expansion of aridity in Miocene and Pliocene. The group comprising globose cacti of subtribe Cereinae showed a shift in diversification rates during Pleistocene. The present study endorsesthe importance of morphological and ecological characteristics for the diversification of taxa inhabiting dry areas in South America.
Configuração e transformação no campo automotivo: uma análise baseada na distribuição de capitais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-05-26) Assis, Filippo Savoi de; Sacomano Neto, Mário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-1700; Branco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1108520989581683; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3442
The objective of this research was to analyze the configuration and transformation of the automotive sector between the years 2004 and 2018. For the analysis of this sector, the logic of fields was used, which is a socially constructed space, characterized by a set of actors that compete for resources, power and prestige. More specifically, the intention is: to identify the main actors and the relative distribution of capital of companies in the sector; check the structure of the automotive field and indicate the factors that strain competition; understand the influence of financialization in this field. First, capital was collected through indicators for each company. To verify the relationship between these capitals, the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was performed, which outlined the structure of the Field in three different periods (2004 to 2008, 2009 to 2013, and 2014 to 2018). It showed the positioning of companies in two dimensions. Dimension 1 (horizontal axis) was strongly influenced by financial, commercial and technological capital and symbolic capital. Dimension 2 (vertical axis) highlights the financialized logic of companies and the focus on developing electric vehicles, elements that are tightening competition in the automotive field. For the period 2004-2013, Toyota has a more developed tendency towards financialization, other companies such as Volkswagen are more resistant to this process. In the years 2014 to 2018, there is a change in this polarization, with the rise of Tesla. Financial capital indicators allowed a study on financialization using statistical tools. Thus, it was verified that the indicators Profit, Revenue and distribution of dividends and Research and Development (R&D) work positively with the market value of companies.