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Investigação dos mecanismos de remoção de material de insertos de metal duro de diferentes classes durante a retificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-07)
Silva, Bruna Oliveira da
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Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-2979
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3457124059622046
After pressing and sintering processes, cutting inserts must be ground in order to obtain the necessary surface finish and tolerances for their application in machining operations. An appropriate process design requires a detailed investigation of the material removal mechanisms, in order not only to obtain a good surface finish, but also an efficient process. Within this context, an investigation of the material removal mechanisms associated with the analysis of process forces and specific energy during plunge-face grinding of cemented tungsten carbide cutting inserts of different grades (K10, P10, M10, and NbC-Ni) was carried out. All the studied materials showed, in general and with similar trends, increased values of the grinding force components and a reduction of specific energy with higher values of average single grain chip thickness. In addition, a very similar critical single grain chip thickness of 0.25 μm was obtained and changes in the material removal mechanism from ductile to brittle mode could be observed close to this value. The cemented carbide ISO grade K10 presented better results than those obtained for the other materials with regard to specific energy, surface and edge quality. No relationships were found between the results obtained in the performed scratching tests and those generated through grinding.
Sistema de visão computacional para reconhecimento e classificação de padrões de famílias de plantas invasoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-08)
Moreno, Bruno Moraes
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913802096715689
Computer Vision, in addition to involving pattern recognition and object classification techniques, has been characterized as an emerging field of fundamental importance in the context of intelligent computing. Its application has involved different areas of knowledge, which includes the agricultural area. Since its beginnings, which involved the interpretation of manuscripts and typed texts, it currently plays a fundamental role in the production of food and sustainable energy. This research seeks to use and develop Computer Vision for the identification and localized recognition of invasive plants, which require control in order to properly develop agricultural crops. With this in perspective, algorithms and concepts of Computer Vision and Internet of Things can be used to help with this task. Then, the construction of a stereo system capable of acquiring digital images in the field, obtaining depth information, segmenting, extracting features and classifying plants through supervised machine learning methods is carried out. Thus, the recognition of patterns of invasive plant families can help in the rational use of inputs and minimize environmental impacts, entering the list of precision agriculture technologies. For the development of the system, embedded control hardware and software were validated, allowing real-time action and wireless communication. Signal and image processing actions were applied to two databases referring to crops that are impacted by the presence of invasive plants, maize (Zea mays) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). For the pre-processing step, camera calibration parameters were obtained for stereo image rectification. For the segmentation step, thresholding in the HSV color space and morphological operations were performed. Accuracy and overlapping area metrics were used to validate the process. The disparity maps were obtained from the evaluation of local and semi-global matching algorithms. For the feature extraction step, descriptors of Local Binary Patterns and Haralick moments were applied. For the classification of invasive plants, classifiers based on Support Vector Machines were used. The developed system proved to be capable of generating depth information and plant classification, which contributes to decision-making and the application of different input rates. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the method developed for recognition, qualification and classification for decision support in the control of families of invasive plants.
Pós-anarquismo e governamentalidade: a experiência da resistência antineoliberal no chile em 2019.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-09)
Provasi Freitas, Rômulo
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Tarábola, Felipe de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1607155996690149
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6089578483336057
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-800X
This research undertakes a bibliographic analysis and theoretical tensioning, emphasizing the importance of post-statist strategies in the contemporary global scenario. By avoiding a direct and violent confrontation with the established power, these strategies favor free experimentation focused on constructing new forms of sociability. The investigation delves into current forms of activism, under a Foucauldian perspective and in dialogue with post-anarchism against neoliberal governmentality. Based on Foucault's interpretation of Clausewitz's aphorism, the study portrays politics as a constant war in today's capitalism. Chile, as the first laboratory of neoliberalism during the Pinochet dictatorship, is the central focus of the research. The 2019 social uprising in the country, resulting from the scars of this period, exemplifies recent collective struggles. The study highlights individual resistance through libertarian practices, which manage to postpone or avoid detection by the dominant power. These intense and brief uprisings emerge as a contemporary resistance tactic against the authoritarian direction of neoliberalism and its use of bio-necropower.
Síntese de catalisadores básicos na presença de surfactantes hexadeciltrimetilamônio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-12)
Assis, Flávio Morais de
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9975335461547244
The synthesis of two basic catalysts — CTA-MCM-41 and ZIF-8 — were studied in the presence of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which forms micelles in aqueous dispersions. The catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetry, Electron Microscopy, N2¬ Physisorption, Dynamic Light Scattering, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance etc.; and were tested in Knoevenagel condensation and transesterification reactions. It was demonstrated that CTAB micelles are particularly sensitive to the presence of added anions and can be morphologically altered, making the synthesis of CTA MCM-41 difficult, decreasing the number of its catalytic sites and, consequently, decreasing its catalytic activity in transesterification reaction. The use of CTAB in the synthesis of ZIF-8, in turn, causes a decrease in particle size and leads to the formation of nanosized particles. Furthermore, together with the amino acid L Histidine, it favors the formation of crystalline defect and facilitates agglomeration. ZIF-8 proved to be a promising catalyst in alkaline reactions, being slightly more active than CTA-MCM-41.
Potencial utilização de areia de fundição na construção civil: um estudo de caso para a cidade de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-13)
Carassato, Douglas Trofino
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Otani, Lucas Barcelos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2519980413159984
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-2335
The general objective of the research was to understand the importance of using foundry sand in civil construction. The specific objectives of this work were: to discuss environmental sustainability; explain the importance of conscious use of natural resources and clean technologies; explain the correct management and reduction of waste; identify the importance of using foundry sand in civil construction. The methodological procedure used in this research is a descriptive qualitative bibliographic review, since it is supported by a theoretical review. Once the research objectives were defined, the collection of information began based on the study of national and international bibliographies. A case study for the JC Metals foundry, in São Carlos, was carried out in order to verify if there is a possibility and feasibility of reusing the sand discarded by the company, based on the results observed in the bibliographic review carried out throughout the text. It was concluded that the reuse of discarded foundry sand showed potential for its use in concrete and other areas, provided that a chemical analysis demonstrated that there would be no environmental risk, so the construction sector could easily absorb this residue. Cost calculations also showed that there could be savings if JC Metals donated its sand to concrete plants located nearby, thus reducing the cost of disposal in landfills. Although many states have developed regulations on reuse for industrial byproducts, large amounts of smelter byproducts are still being landfilled across the planet. However, reuse of foundry products is increasing in a variety of areas, including the highway and construction industries.
Sistemas agroflorestais no assentamento Bela Vista (Iperó, SP): contribuições e limitações sob a ótica de famílias agricultoras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-13)
Abdalla, Tatiana Graeml
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Vasconcelos, Valéria Oliveira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9609054896546584
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-2372
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Franco, Fernando Silveira
Agroecology is a counter-hegemonic proposal to the agro-industrial production model, with peasant family farming playing a protagonist role in the pursuit of sustainable, healthy, and fair food production. Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are a set of management techniques that, when following agroecological principles, are capable of promoting various nature contributions to people (NCPs). However, the success of their objectives depends on factors such as the level of community participation, the design of these agroecosystems, and the available resources. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of agroforestry systems on the plots of four settled families through government-funded projects, as well as to analyze the outcomes of these activities. An observant participation was carried out, in which participatory activities were conducted with each family. The gathered data went through a content analysis, complemented by a brief document analysis of each project's proposals. Family traditions of pesticide-free cultivation and partnerships' contribution seem to have been key elements for families' adherence to the projects, in addition to the resources offered by the latter. Families’ expectations over AFS were mainly food produce and income generation, which were only partially achieved. The satisfaction with the experience seems greater in cases where the practice was directed more towards self-consumption and less to commercialization. Other project limitations were the lack of continuity and technical assistance, the definition of a plot as a demonstration unit (unevenly distributing the collective workforce), and AFS designs with narrow interlines (hindering productivity and the use of machinery in the long run). Despite that, families reported contributions from the projects such as learning new agroecological techniques and strengthening the habit of planting trees. Regarding AFS management, scarcity of labor (affected by the health and demographic composition of families), insufficient collective workforce, anthropogenic fire, leaf-cutting ants, climate aspects, and pesticides application in neighboring properties were limiting factors. However, even if not always productive, AFS and trees play a relevant role in families' lives, and aspects such as aesthetic appreciation, affective memories, concerns for environmental issues, and the possibility of leaving wood for their children in the future contribute to their maintenance on the plots. Farmers deemed it crucial for upcoming initiatives to offer direct compensation for labor utilized in agroforestry systems, to promote equitable opportunities for all participants, and to establish long-term action plans Additionally, it is necessary for projects to conduct a more in-depth analysis of the individual and collective realities in which the beneficiary community is located, and for society to adopt policies that value the regulatory contributions of AFS to people and ensure their production flow in order to enable the continuation of their management by families.
Desenvolvimento de um método para projetar, analisar e controlar o processo de fabricação em tempo real de um produto farmacêutico empregando ferramentas quimiométricas e infravermelho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-13)
Kondo, Simone Mayumi
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7646281591045808
Innovation and continuous improvements in manufacturing processes to produce high quality drugs in a short period of time has been a great challenge in the pharmaceutical industries. The use of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) will be a mechanism for designing, analyzing, and controlling pharmaceutical manufacturing processes by determining critical process parameters that affect quality attributes. This whole process takes place online or with the use of tools that allow greater speed. Thus, the objective of this professional master's project is to develop a method that will be used to control the manufacturing process of a drug using tools for acquisition and analysis of multivariate data. The target of the project will be a pharmaceutically solid oral drug containing pellets with an active in a capsule. The pellets of this product have layers of active and coating. In the development of this project were evaluated data related to the layers that line the pellets, which was identified as a critical stage of the process. Data from the development phase and the product approved for commercialization were evaluated in order to control the process and make adjustments, when necessary, based on data analysis, and detect errors or deviations, and correct them during their manufacture. The data was obtained with the Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) method, an analysis tool that allows great agility during the process.
Gels and sponges nanocomposites based in chitosan, poly (n-vinyl caprolactam) and sio2 applied as drug delivery system
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-14)
Cutrim, Fiama Martins
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Neves, José das
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7420241120849172
Chitosan (Ch) is a suitable biomaterial for biological applications like drug delivery systems (DDS) due to biocompatibility, cationic responsiveness, and adjustable morphology forming nanoparticles, films, sponges, etc. For these reasons, this study reports the results of the synthesis and characterization of chitosan composite with poly (n-vinyl caprolactam) (PNVCL) and SiO2 for the application as DDS for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The materials loaded with clotrimazole (CTZ) were obtained. The physical-chemical properties show that the materials have good thermal stability considering the application. The biomechanical properties are adequate and can be adjusted according to the insertion of PNVCL or PNVCL-SiO2. The materials were tested for activity against Candida species, and the antifungal activity was maintained with the drug associated with the materials. Cytotoxicity studies using female genital tract cell lines were performed, showing biocompatibility. According to the results obtained so far, the chitosan sponges and its composites appear to be an excellent formulation to be used in the treatment of VVC because they can maintain the antifungal activity of CTZ and due to their biocompatibility.
Big Data e dados pessoais: questões legais emergentes na perspectiva da Ciência da Informação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-14)
Conceição, Gislaine Cristina da
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Nhacuongue, Januário Albino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0372192175262438
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-1306
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6819514645673267
This research aims to analyze the discussions about legal aspects in the use of data in Information Science, in Brazil, in the last 10 years. In this way, it seeks to answer the following guiding question: How much attention has been paid to legal and privacy aspects in the use of personal data in scientific research over the last ten years of Information Science in Brazil? The theoretical frame of reference was established from the concepts: Big Data; Data Lifecycle; Data; Privacy and Brazilian Regulatory Framework. As for methodology, a domain analysis of bibliographic materials related to data and privacy in Information Science in Brazil was carried out, covering the period from January 2012 to December 2022. In this study, the domain analysis focused on approach 5 ) Historical studies, according to the classification of Smiraglia (2015), and in the approach 6) Historical studies of Hjørland (2002). From the analysis of the works presented in the BRAPCI, Scielo, BDTD, ISKO-Brasil and ENANCIB Databases in the form of Oral Communications and Posters, over the course of the last ten years. Of the total number of publications retrieved, we sought to identify those that had the terms privacy; personal data; law of access to information and general law of protection of personal data, in the title, abstract and/or keywords. Of the results obtained from the Databases, 173 articles were in accordance with the criteria established to be part of the research analysis. The works were categorized and the generation of graphs occurred with information on the temporal distribution of authors and their institutional affiliations; study application area according to the Data Lifecycle in CI; Then, a historical trend analysis of the discussions handled by the ten most collaborative authors with the CVD-CI in the last ten years was performed. The analysis carried out revealed that approximately 75% of the work on the Databases is concentrated in the Life Cycle Data Collection (CVD-CI) stage. There is a lack of studies on the themes of the stages of the data life cycle such as storage, retrieval and disposal of personal data. These themes are fundamental to understand the legal aspects involved in the use of personal data and to guide possible actions in the field of Information Science. It is believed that this research is an important starting point for future research, as it highlights the need for a critical and reflective analysis of aspects involving the use of data and information. This approach is essential to support strategic actions in various sectors of society today.
Otimização de projeto de viadutos de múltiplas longarinas considerando critérios ambientais e econômicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-14)
Trentini, Eduardo Vicente Wolf
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Bittencourt, Túlio Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3548554171023581
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6523-2687
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Parsekian, Guilherme Aris
Brazil lacks investments in road infrastructure, as it is responsible for more than half of the volume of cargo transportation in the country. When addressing the topic of road infrastructure, one of the main variables is the construction and maintenance of viaducts. The design of such structures is traditionally carried out through a trial-and-error process that is no longer justified given the available computational resources and optimization methodologies. Traditionally, the main objective of structural design has been to minimize construction costs while ensuring structural efficiency. However, concerns about building a more sustainable future have shifted societal priorities, making sustainability a fundamental aspect as well. Ecological and durable structures are increasingly demanded. From this perspective, heuristic optimization methods provide an alternative to experience-based pre-dimensioning. The development of new construction materials, design techniques, and sustainable criteria motivates the need for a methodology that can automatically and accurately consider all these aspects. This research proposes a methodology for the efficient design of viaducts composed of pre-stressed and precast I-girder, rectangular cross beams, circular columns, and deep foundations using caisson-type piles, considering both structural efficiency and sustainability criteria. This research integrates cost, environmental impact, and durability in viaduct design. The proposed methodology provides a set of multi-objective compromise solutions among the involved variables, returning the best geometry, concrete type, and prestressing level. The performance of the MOPSO (Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization), NSGA-2 (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II), and SPEA2 (Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2) metaheuristics was tested, and MOPSO proved to be the most effective in addressing the nature of the problem at hand. The parameters of MOPSO were calibrated using the Taguchi method, resulting in an average hypervolume increase from 2.211⋅10^9 to 2.222⋅10^9 in a proposed problem. By applying the developed method to two case studies, improvements were achieved compared to the original design, including up to a 23.2% reduction in construction costs, a 23.5% decrease in CO2 emissions, and a 540.7% increase in project lifespan when evaluating the individual performance of each objective function. This methodology has been implemented in a computer program available at https://www.optimusviaduto.ufscar.br, along with its source code.
O cinema brasileiro no Festival de Cannes (1949-2017): políticas de internacionalização e abertura de mercado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-15)
Figueiró, Belisa Brião
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Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-8105
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1473190334495715
This research investigates cinematographic policies aimed at the diffusion and promotion of films at the Cannes Film Festival through a comparative study, from 1949 to 2017. For this, it carries out a survey of the Brazilian feature films selected for the Official Competition and the parallel selections. It starts from the hypothesis that the Cannes Film Festival is the arena for the main international filmmakers and whose reception and eventual awards will determine the career of its director and of the film, since this showcase can open or close the doors for exhibitions in other smaller festivals and in the commercial theater circuit, in Brazil and abroad. Based on our mapping of films, historiographical research and interviews with industry agents, it seeks to understand when internationalization policies existed that supported selection, promotion and diffusion at the festival; what were the conditions of that support; and how filmmakers arrived at the festival when there was no official support. At the same time, it analyzes the impact of technological transformations on the chosen films, the reception of the French press and the dynamics of market agents in the Marché du Film. In this context, it was found that, despite efforts and official discourse, such policies (when they existed) were not enough to effectively contribute to the advancement of this process, with the exception of some specific periods.
Utilização de planejamento doehlert para avaliação da estabilidade de antibiótico para uso veterinário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-15)
Bonamichi, Luiz Americo Verginio
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6130492248374500
USE OF DOEHLERT PLANNING FOR EVALUATING THE STABILITY OF VETERINARY ANTIBIOTICS. Before a veterinary pharmaceutical product reaches its final customer for commercialization, several regulated production chain must be performed to guarantee its quality. These steps encompass manufacturing process, such as pharmaceutical input, packaging, distribution, and commercialization. Before being used in the manufacturing stage of veterinary products, pharmaceutical inputs are evaluated through the company's quality parameters, with the goal of ensuring that they are suitable for use in the formulation without compromising the quality of the final product. Nowadays, companies seek a deeper understanding of the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are the excipients that provide the medicinal properties to pharmaceutical products. In this initial stage of product development, the concept of Quality by Design (QbD) is applied, to understand the critical points that affect the stability of these inputs avoiding issues in the production process. Thus, to study the stability of the antibiotic used in the company, the analytical technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed. With chromatography, it is possible to separate and quantify the substances present in the raw material. The analytical method used in this project was developed and validated by the company itself. With the assistance of Chemometrics, an experimental design was carried out to explore the understanding of antibiotic stability in relation to three variables: time, temperature, and oxidation by the atmospheric air (dead volume). The data was processed using the LCSolution and Octave programs. The studied antibiotic was stable in the experimental model, and the variables investigated presented negligible effects. In addition, the design of experiments (DoE) was efficient and crucial in reaching this conclusion.
Vivenciando a transição para a universidade durante a pandemia de COVID-19: um estudo de photovoice sobre as expectativas dos calouros de 2020
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-15)
Gomes, Letícia de Paula
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Silva, Carla Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5595908770280456
This Course Conclusion Paper is a composition of the Scientific Initiation research "Active expectations in quarantine mode": photographs that reveal personal expectations and experiences with social isolation, imposed by the new coronavirus pandemic", developed within the ICT registration period from September/2020 to September/2021, and its unfoldings that resulted in occupational therapeutic reflections on the results and the production of an article. Initially, the research had as its main objective to propose a reflection on the experiences lived by freshmen entering UFSCar in 2020, during the isolation period imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impacts on expectations regarding professional choice and future. For this, the resource of photography was used, from the Photovoice strategy, which allows us to capture the different experiences and perceptions of the participants of a research in question. Four meetings were held, with different triggering themes, in order to approximate the experiences lived by the students using a visual resource, considering the particularities of the atypical moment we are still experiencing.
Práticas relacionadas a indústria 4.0 e suas aplicações no campo da ergonomia: análise da implementação de exoesqueletos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-16)
Toniolo, Lucas Corrêa
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Tonin, Luiz Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835542837415565
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Silva, Sérgio Luis da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4164265591178698
The 4th industrial revolution is a new trend that brought innovations to the corporate world, however, at the same time, it raised questions about workers' health, making the study of the relationship between technologies of that era and Ergonomics plausible. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify practices related to Industry 4.0 and its applications and contributions in the field of ergonomics and to systematize knowledge in order to assist companies in their acquisition and implementation processes. With this, an integrative review was carried out and from it the application of the multiple case study methodology was proposed. For this second stage, questionnaires were created in the form of semi-structured interviews and these were applied to four industry professionals who had contact and experience with the technologies studied, in this case, industrial exoskeletons. From the collection of interviews, data were processed and analyzed, culminating in three distinct cases that enabled a dialogue between literature and practice. Thus, the results generated in this study identified that practices related to industry 4.0, which are linked to the field of ergonomics, are not properly framed in the literature. Much of this is due to a managerial fad, the lack of studies on the technologies sold and an industry of managerialism behind this theme. Therefore, from the results of the investigation, a technocratic profile of approach was identified for the implementation of passive industrial exoskeletons, which culminated in the proposition of a theoretical model of application based on Conception Ergonomics from the perspective of the integrative approach.
Processamento digital e análise estatística de sinais de áudio medidos através de dispositivos móveis para a aplicação no monitoramento do torneamento de ligas de titânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-16)
Porto, Ana Carolina
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Shiki, Sidney Bruce
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5867795615323584
When human beings began to organize themselves into society and establish a tasks division, a search for process optimization began. These processes help in the social organization and in the economic growth, na optimization that will be addressed in this paper is monitoring machining processes, with the intention to reduce economic, time and material losses. In this research, an experimental study was carried out to collect data obtained through a mobile device, smartphone, microphone during the turning of a titanium piece in order to verify the mobile devices applicability in monitoring machining processes. The captured sound signals were computationally analyzed in the time and frequency domains, the analysis considered the root mean square (RMS), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) values of the collected signal. In addition, the study also compared the results obtained through the sound signal with vibration results obtained through an accelerometer in the same experiment, in order to prove or refute the monitoring effectiveness. The results showed that although the analyzed sensor, the smartphone microphone, is not as robust as traditional sensors, it was able to monitor the process, bringing results similar to those obtained with the accelerometer.
Adaptação transcultural do instrumento “Occupational Performance History Interview – II” para a língua portuguesa (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-16)
Gorla, Julia Andreza
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Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-354X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086806759482933
Introduction: The Occupational Performance History Interview – II is an Occupational Therapy instrument based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), which seeks to know the history of the person's occupational performance and, from the information collected, assist in the elaboration of therapeutic goals and intervention planning. Objective: To conduct the cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument Occupational Performance History Interview-II (OPHI-II) Version 2.1, 2004 to the Brazilian Portuguese language. Methodology: based on the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation of Self-report Measures and the Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation, the cross-cultural adaptation of OPHI-II was carried out in 6 stages: 1) initial translation; performed by two independent translators; 2) synthesis of translations, with the discussion of divergences and agreements between translators; 3) back-translation, performed by other two independent translators in order to verify the similarity with the original version; 4) committee of specialists, composed of six occupational therapists recognized for their expertise, evaluated the statements in their conceptual, cultural, idiomatic and semantic equivalences; 5) pre-test, with the application of this version and completion of both the scoring scales and the questionnaire on the use of OPHI-II; and 6) final review, in which adjustments were made based on the feedbacks given by the participants. In step 4 (committee of experts), the evaluations were compared, and the agreement index (AI) was calculated for each part of the OPHI-II. For statements with AI lower than 80%, an occupational therapist with extensive knowledge in MOHO and national and international experience was consulted. In the pre-test stage (step 5), seven (n=7) students from the undergraduate course in Occupational Therapy and twelve (n=12) clients, from orthopedics and neurology clinics of the School Health Unit of the Federal University of São Carlos (USE-UFSCar), participated. Each interview was recorded and listened to by another occupational therapist, who also filled out the interview and the scoring scales so that inter-examiner reliability could be analyzed from the calculated AI. Results: Steps 1 to 4 were analyzed according to the MOHO concepts and the original OPHI-II instrument, thus leading to a pre-test version consistent with the foundations of the Model. In the pre-test stage, the AI were calculated, and the feedback given about the use, application and format of the instrument were analyzed for the formulation of the final version of the OPHI-II (Brazil). Conclusion: it is considered that the process of cross-cultural adaptation of OPHI-II for Brazilian use was successful, being available for future research aimed at deepening its psychometric measures and for the application with different clients of Occupational Therapy.
Avaliação da fragilidade de pessoas idosas na atenção primária à saúde: análise fatorial exploratória da junção do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 e da Avaliação Subjetiva da Fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-19)
Melo, Beatriz Rodrigues de Souza
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Luchesi, Bruna Moretti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3385433655310047
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Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119
Although aging and sadness are somewhat linked, chronological age does not seem to be a single predictor of this condition. Measurement instruments play an important role in research, clinical practice and health assessment. Studies carried out on the quality of these instruments provide evidence of the behavior of the psychometric properties of the paths, which helps the researcher and the professional in choosing the best tool to use. In the elderly population, the patient can be identified in individuals who present a state of regulatory vulnerability, resulting from a diminished homeostatic reserve. Thus, identifying elderly people who are sick and at risk of frailty is of fundamental importance, constituting a public health priority at all levels of health care, as it can guide interventions to face the severity of the syndrome and minimize adverse effects. . Thus, the main objective of the thesis was to analyze two instruments for assessing the elderly in community-dwelling elderly, through the comparison and integration of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20) and Subjective Frailty Assessment (ASF) scales. . To meet the main objective, the thesis was divided into two specific objectives, configured in two articles. The study sample comes from the collection carried out in 2018/2019 with 492 elderly people, in nine units of the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The objective of the first article was to evaluate the level of agreement between the IVCF-20 and the ASF to screen adolescents in elderly people. It was a descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study. Protection was assessed using the IVCF-20 and the ASF and structured interview. For comparisons, Wilcoxon and Pearson's chi-square tests were performed. The results pleased low agreement of 35.4%, with an unacceptable Kappa coefficient of 0.11. Dichotomizing into resistant and non-frail elderly people, the concordance was moderately 70.1%, with a regular Kappa coefficient of 0.41 and Cronbach's alpha low for IVCF-20 of 0.61 and moderately for ASF 0.74. The prevalence of adolescents was lower in the IVCF - 20 (17.1%) and higher in the ASF (59.8%). It was concluded that the agreement between the two instruments ranged from low to moderate, highlighting the need to standardize the assessment to assess psychologists in community-dwelling elderly. The second article aimed to identify the presence of latent variables capable of explaining the variability between the IVCF-20 and ASF scales, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Construct validity was analyzed using the EFA. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sample adequacy test (KMO = 0.80) and Bartlett's sphericity test (x2 = 2.441574e-140 p < 0.05) were used, and the best factorial solution consisted of extracting three factors. Regarding the factorial retention, eigenvalue > 1 was used. The extraction of factors was performed from an analysis in Maximum Likelihood and Promax rotation. As for reliability, it was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.80). The significance level adopted was 0.05. The results suggest satisfactory psychometric qualities for the reduced version of the frailty assessment instrument from the IVCF-20 and ASF scales. The factorial analysis indicated that the thirteen items were distributed in three factors, explaining 83% of the variance of the data set, called "Physiological Reserve", "Functional Capacity" and "Cognition", in addition to excellent reliability indexes in each factor. The reduced and modified version with 13 and three domains showed better adaptation to the techniques used in the assessment of the construct and the IVCF-20 instrument presented a strong contribution in the reduced and modified version, with nine items and present in the three domains, while the ASF cooperated with four items and only in the "Physiological Reserve" domain. Through the EFA, the presence of three factors was observed, proving the multidimensionality of the reduced and modified version, which presented an appropriate value of Cronbach's Alpha. The results of this methodological study will help health professionals and researchers to select appropriate instruments to assess frailty in elderly people living in the community. With this, it is intended to contribute to the proposal of a single instrument, with rapid application aimed at primary care and thus allow the early screening of conditions that are unfavorable to the well-being and autonomy of the elderly, reiterating the importance of incorporating public policies without a curative character, focusing on preventive actions, enabling the active aging of the population.
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-19)
Roitberg, Guilherme Prado
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Gomes, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241
Defined by the English polymath Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) as the science of racial improvement, eugenics became popular among the Brazilian intellectual elite in the context of the First Republic. In the 1920s and 1930s, the “moderate” interpretations that conceived eugenics as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation were contested by the most radical wing of this movement, which envisioned the racial improvement of the population by combating the “degenerative threats” represented by blacks, mestizos, disabled and poor workers. Edited in Rio de Janeiro by the physician and pharmacist Renato Ferraz Kehl (1889-1974), the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933) became the largest journal specialized in the science of racial improvement in Brazil. In 1932 and 1933, its direction was taken over by professors from the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior (1898-1988) and Octavio Domingues (1897-1972). Transforming a propaganda newspaper into a scientific magazine, the two renowned geneticists from Piracicaba scientifically supported eugenics based on Mendelian genetics, guaranteeing the continuity of the popularization project started by Kehl. Starting from this historical context, with theoretical-methodological support in documentary and bibliographical research, we analyze the education for the eugenic conscience or racial conscience exposed in the articles, correspondences, lectures, and books published by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. We explain the epistemological foundations of lato sensu education envisaged by these intellectuals, contrasting them with the theoretical-critical diagnosis of the crisis of reason elaborated by Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). We found that the Horkheimerian argument that denounced the enlightened roots of eugenics remains fundamental to the understanding of what we call eugenic reason, that is, the instrumental and mythologized reason that enabled the dissemination of eugenics as a socially accepted science. We verified that the objectification and manipulation of sex by the instrumental reason, according to which marriage and sexual relations should be submitted to the laws determined by the enlightened intellectuality, constituted the core of the education for the eugenic conscience developed in the Boletim de Eugenia and, specifically, in the campaign undertaken by Kehl, Piza Júnior and Domingues. We demonstrate that the annulment of the subject from the reduction of the human being to his biological nature and the discourse of technical impartiality, by-products of the totalitarian face of the Enlightenment, founded the epistemological bases of the lato sensu education outlined by Galton and assimilated in a particular way by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. Finally, we question reductionist interpretations of the subject, such as the idea of eugenics as synonymous with conservatism, as a pseudoscience, as an irrationality dissociated from scientific progress, or as a surpassed past. We conclude with the proposition of the theoretical-critical model of eugenic reason for understanding the epistemological foundations of this science, according to which eugenics does not comprise a kind of return to barbarism, but precisely the triumph of enlightened progress.
Estruturação taxonômica e funcional da comunidade zooplanctônica e a ocorrência do Ceratium furcoides, um dinoflagelado invasor, em uma lagoa costeira subtropical dominada por cianobacterias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-19)
Santos, Renato Miziara Assef
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Petrucio, Mauricio Mello
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353186013469289
The zooplankton community was studied in a subtropical coastal lagoon used for public supply and which has in its history, the limitation of nutrients and the dominance of cyanobacteria. The aim of the present study was to analyze the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of zooplankton, observing its spatial and temporal changes in Lagoa do Peri (Florianópolis-Santa Catarina), a coastal lagoon in the Brazilian South-Atlantic region. For that, monthly samplings of zooplankton and environmental variables were carried out in four regions of the lagoon, between January 2017 and December 2018. The zooplankton community was characterized by high density of rotifers, small cladocerans and copepods. Rotifers were responsible for more than 60% of the relative abundance of zooplankton in all sampling months. The total richness of the zooplankton community corresponded to 47 taxa with rotifers being the most abundant in all sampling points and periods. Both, spatial and temporal heterogeneity were evaluated. The presence and historical dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in the Peri lagoon appear to be the main regulatory factors for zooplankton, exerting a bottom-up effect and favoring the dominance of rotifers. On the other hand, wind speed and water temperature influenced zooplankton diversity, being positively related to increased species richness and functional diversity. Functional richness (FRic) and functional uniformity (FEve) indicated that functional diversity of zooplankton in Lagoa do Peri is low, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. Also, there was greater functional diversity in summer than in the winter. The functional divergence (FDiv) varied between 0.5 and 0.9, with the highest values recorded in the summer. The greater FDiv in summer indicates that despite the dominance of cyanobacteria, there is probably a greater range of available resources that allow the co-occurrence of zooplankton species with different niches. In addition, higher temperatures favor the reproduction of different species. Thus, groups of species that are less abundant in the plankton (scraper cladocerans and filter feeder copepods) may coexist with those usually predominant (rotifers and raptorial copepods). The seasonal focus revealed substitutions of functional traits or the loss of these attributes providing an indication of functional homogenization. These findings are subsidies to improve the analyses of the zooplankton community in environmental studies, so that can contribute to no loss of information and damage to communities and the ecosystem.
Peixes do município de Caracaraí, RR, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-20)
Mattox, George
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453900943293186
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-472X