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Avaliação da fragilidade de pessoas idosas na atenção primária à saúde: análise fatorial exploratória da junção do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico-Funcional-20 e da Avaliação Subjetiva da Fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-19)
Melo, Beatriz Rodrigues de Souza
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Luchesi, Bruna Moretti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3385433655310047
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Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119
Although aging and sadness are somewhat linked, chronological age does not seem to be a single predictor of this condition. Measurement instruments play an important role in research, clinical practice and health assessment. Studies carried out on the quality of these instruments provide evidence of the behavior of the psychometric properties of the paths, which helps the researcher and the professional in choosing the best tool to use. In the elderly population, the patient can be identified in individuals who present a state of regulatory vulnerability, resulting from a diminished homeostatic reserve. Thus, identifying elderly people who are sick and at risk of frailty is of fundamental importance, constituting a public health priority at all levels of health care, as it can guide interventions to face the severity of the syndrome and minimize adverse effects. . Thus, the main objective of the thesis was to analyze two instruments for assessing the elderly in community-dwelling elderly, through the comparison and integration of the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20) and Subjective Frailty Assessment (ASF) scales. . To meet the main objective, the thesis was divided into two specific objectives, configured in two articles. The study sample comes from the collection carried out in 2018/2019 with 492 elderly people, in nine units of the Family Health Strategy in the municipality of Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The objective of the first article was to evaluate the level of agreement between the IVCF-20 and the ASF to screen adolescents in elderly people. It was a descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study. Protection was assessed using the IVCF-20 and the ASF and structured interview. For comparisons, Wilcoxon and Pearson's chi-square tests were performed. The results pleased low agreement of 35.4%, with an unacceptable Kappa coefficient of 0.11. Dichotomizing into resistant and non-frail elderly people, the concordance was moderately 70.1%, with a regular Kappa coefficient of 0.41 and Cronbach's alpha low for IVCF-20 of 0.61 and moderately for ASF 0.74. The prevalence of adolescents was lower in the IVCF - 20 (17.1%) and higher in the ASF (59.8%). It was concluded that the agreement between the two instruments ranged from low to moderate, highlighting the need to standardize the assessment to assess psychologists in community-dwelling elderly. The second article aimed to identify the presence of latent variables capable of explaining the variability between the IVCF-20 and ASF scales, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Construct validity was analyzed using the EFA. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) sample adequacy test (KMO = 0.80) and Bartlett's sphericity test (x2 = 2.441574e-140 p < 0.05) were used, and the best factorial solution consisted of extracting three factors. Regarding the factorial retention, eigenvalue > 1 was used. The extraction of factors was performed from an analysis in Maximum Likelihood and Promax rotation. As for reliability, it was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.80). The significance level adopted was 0.05. The results suggest satisfactory psychometric qualities for the reduced version of the frailty assessment instrument from the IVCF-20 and ASF scales. The factorial analysis indicated that the thirteen items were distributed in three factors, explaining 83% of the variance of the data set, called "Physiological Reserve", "Functional Capacity" and "Cognition", in addition to excellent reliability indexes in each factor. The reduced and modified version with 13 and three domains showed better adaptation to the techniques used in the assessment of the construct and the IVCF-20 instrument presented a strong contribution in the reduced and modified version, with nine items and present in the three domains, while the ASF cooperated with four items and only in the "Physiological Reserve" domain. Through the EFA, the presence of three factors was observed, proving the multidimensionality of the reduced and modified version, which presented an appropriate value of Cronbach's Alpha. The results of this methodological study will help health professionals and researchers to select appropriate instruments to assess frailty in elderly people living in the community. With this, it is intended to contribute to the proposal of a single instrument, with rapid application aimed at primary care and thus allow the early screening of conditions that are unfavorable to the well-being and autonomy of the elderly, reiterating the importance of incorporating public policies without a curative character, focusing on preventive actions, enabling the active aging of the population.
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-19)
Roitberg, Guilherme Prado
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Gomes, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241
Defined by the English polymath Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) as the science of racial improvement, eugenics became popular among the Brazilian intellectual elite in the context of the First Republic. In the 1920s and 1930s, the “moderate” interpretations that conceived eugenics as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation were contested by the most radical wing of this movement, which envisioned the racial improvement of the population by combating the “degenerative threats” represented by blacks, mestizos, disabled and poor workers. Edited in Rio de Janeiro by the physician and pharmacist Renato Ferraz Kehl (1889-1974), the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933) became the largest journal specialized in the science of racial improvement in Brazil. In 1932 and 1933, its direction was taken over by professors from the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior (1898-1988) and Octavio Domingues (1897-1972). Transforming a propaganda newspaper into a scientific magazine, the two renowned geneticists from Piracicaba scientifically supported eugenics based on Mendelian genetics, guaranteeing the continuity of the popularization project started by Kehl. Starting from this historical context, with theoretical-methodological support in documentary and bibliographical research, we analyze the education for the eugenic conscience or racial conscience exposed in the articles, correspondences, lectures, and books published by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. We explain the epistemological foundations of lato sensu education envisaged by these intellectuals, contrasting them with the theoretical-critical diagnosis of the crisis of reason elaborated by Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). We found that the Horkheimerian argument that denounced the enlightened roots of eugenics remains fundamental to the understanding of what we call eugenic reason, that is, the instrumental and mythologized reason that enabled the dissemination of eugenics as a socially accepted science. We verified that the objectification and manipulation of sex by the instrumental reason, according to which marriage and sexual relations should be submitted to the laws determined by the enlightened intellectuality, constituted the core of the education for the eugenic conscience developed in the Boletim de Eugenia and, specifically, in the campaign undertaken by Kehl, Piza Júnior and Domingues. We demonstrate that the annulment of the subject from the reduction of the human being to his biological nature and the discourse of technical impartiality, by-products of the totalitarian face of the Enlightenment, founded the epistemological bases of the lato sensu education outlined by Galton and assimilated in a particular way by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. Finally, we question reductionist interpretations of the subject, such as the idea of eugenics as synonymous with conservatism, as a pseudoscience, as an irrationality dissociated from scientific progress, or as a surpassed past. We conclude with the proposition of the theoretical-critical model of eugenic reason for understanding the epistemological foundations of this science, according to which eugenics does not comprise a kind of return to barbarism, but precisely the triumph of enlightened progress.
Estruturação taxonômica e funcional da comunidade zooplanctônica e a ocorrência do Ceratium furcoides, um dinoflagelado invasor, em uma lagoa costeira subtropical dominada por cianobacterias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-19)
Santos, Renato Miziara Assef
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Petrucio, Mauricio Mello
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353186013469289
The zooplankton community was studied in a subtropical coastal lagoon used for public supply and which has in its history, the limitation of nutrients and the dominance of cyanobacteria. The aim of the present study was to analyze the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of zooplankton, observing its spatial and temporal changes in Lagoa do Peri (Florianópolis-Santa Catarina), a coastal lagoon in the Brazilian South-Atlantic region. For that, monthly samplings of zooplankton and environmental variables were carried out in four regions of the lagoon, between January 2017 and December 2018. The zooplankton community was characterized by high density of rotifers, small cladocerans and copepods. Rotifers were responsible for more than 60% of the relative abundance of zooplankton in all sampling months. The total richness of the zooplankton community corresponded to 47 taxa with rotifers being the most abundant in all sampling points and periods. Both, spatial and temporal heterogeneity were evaluated. The presence and historical dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in the Peri lagoon appear to be the main regulatory factors for zooplankton, exerting a bottom-up effect and favoring the dominance of rotifers. On the other hand, wind speed and water temperature influenced zooplankton diversity, being positively related to increased species richness and functional diversity. Functional richness (FRic) and functional uniformity (FEve) indicated that functional diversity of zooplankton in Lagoa do Peri is low, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. Also, there was greater functional diversity in summer than in the winter. The functional divergence (FDiv) varied between 0.5 and 0.9, with the highest values recorded in the summer. The greater FDiv in summer indicates that despite the dominance of cyanobacteria, there is probably a greater range of available resources that allow the co-occurrence of zooplankton species with different niches. In addition, higher temperatures favor the reproduction of different species. Thus, groups of species that are less abundant in the plankton (scraper cladocerans and filter feeder copepods) may coexist with those usually predominant (rotifers and raptorial copepods). The seasonal focus revealed substitutions of functional traits or the loss of these attributes providing an indication of functional homogenization. These findings are subsidies to improve the analyses of the zooplankton community in environmental studies, so that can contribute to no loss of information and damage to communities and the ecosystem.
Peixes do município de Caracaraí, RR, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-20)
Mattox, George
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453900943293186
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-472X
Dos detalhes ao manuseio: ensino de configuração eletrônica com o quadro de Bohr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-20)
Silva, Leandro Borges Matos da
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Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7170-8546
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Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
FROM DETAILS TO HANDLING: TEACHING ELETRONIC CONFIGURATION WITH THE BOHR MODEL. The trajectory of this research consists of revealing the details of concepts hidden in the structure of sensory material, the Bohr model. With it, we will continue studying the electronic configuration with a quantum mechanical approach. The handling of this tool breaks down the barriers imposed by the abstraction of the content and enhances the cognitive operations and functions resulting from hands- on learning. The study was conducted with forty students from a public school in São Paulo.The students participated in a didactic sequence that involved making predictions, observations and explanations about activities, materials and school content. Their performances were evaluated and categorized on a performance scale as either concrete operational or formal operational. In the context of teaching and learning, we will evaluate the epistemological and pedagogical dimensions, and their impact on the quality of student learning.
Distribuição de elementos potencialmente tóxicos no rio Sorocaba subsequente a sua recuperação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-20)
Silva, Caroline Ferreira da
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Pereira, Elisabete Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3733006795539833
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-9862
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
The ability of natural environments to provide ecosystem goods and services is affected to varying degrees by the intensification of human activities. The degradation of urban river ecosystems poses a serious threat to the maintenance of terrestrial life and to sustainable urban development worldwide. Consequently, great efforts have been devoted to the environmental restoration of urban rivers worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aquatic environmental remediation programs carried out worldwide, and to analyze the distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in an urban river that underwent a water remediation program, the Sorocaba River). Among the results of the first investigation, it is clear throughout the discussion that there has been a notorious evolution in the implementation of urban river recovery programs worldwide in the period from 2010 to 2022, and that these ecosystems were mostly affected by domestic and industrial effluent discharge, as well as having their surroundings subjected to high and rapid urbanization and suppression of riparian vegetation. This scenario is similar to that found in the Sorocaba River, based on literature data. In this context, the second investigation identified a possible compromising of the quality levels of the Sorocaba River, with regard to the concentration of TPEs, seven years after the end of the depollution program implemented. Therefore, the water body requires action to remediate the environmental problems in force. Concentrations were found above the maximum allowed by Brazilian legislation regarding the analysis of physical-chemical and hydrobiological parameters essential to water quality, in addition to negative impacts on the Sorocaba River biota and other aquatic compartments associated to the ecosystem, such as the Itupararanga reservoir. These alterations were probably caused or intensified by anthropic activities. In view of the above, it is possible to understand the relevance of investigations regarding the re-establishment of the ecological quality of urban aquatic ecosystems and the environmental panorama of the Sorocaba River.
Entre o exótico selvagem e o exótico domesticado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-20)
Hayashi Filho, Paulo Rogerio
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Silva, Victor Hugo Martins Kebbe da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305524727781733
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5406
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
I will present the similarities between the experiences of Afro-Asians in Japan and Brazil, scrutinizing the globally widespread processes of racialization, bringing in the intersectionality of issues of gender and race, identity and standards of beauty; I will address the hypermasculinization of black, Afro-descendant men and the emasculation of yellow, Japanese-descendant and Asian-descendant men. Are the stereotypes that fall on the Afro-Asian a mix of stereotypes already widespread about Asians and blacks on national soil? These representations will be approached by bringing in Edward Said and Frantz Fanon, the readings on black masculinity by anthropologist Mara Viveiros Vigoya, who uses the work of Raewyn Connell as her main guide; I will bring up reflections on Afro-Asianity by bringing in the contributions of Igor Rennó Machado, and his idea of Japaneseness present in the Laboratory of Migration Studies (LEM). Through ethnography developed in cyberspace in the "Afro-Asians Brazil" group, I shed light on issues relating to race, racism, gender, masculinity and identity. I get in touch with this sociability network through virtual interviews with members, investigating their conceptions of these notions.
Biodiversidade troglófila do Brasil (Biotroglophilebr): uma riqueza subestimada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-20)
Duarte, Marcus Vinícius da Silva Agua
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Gallão, Jonas Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036937156228912
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
Subterranean or hypogeal habitats, although they have filters for colonization, can present high biodiversity, with faunistic originality and great endemism. Such biological diversity is classically categorized into Trogloxenes (those that maintain populations in the hypogeum but have to go outside with some frequency to complete their life cycle), Troglophiles (“facultative cave dwellers”), and Troglobites (restricted to subterranean habitats), sensu Schiner-Racovitza (1907). Troglophile organisms are defined as those capable of completing their life cycles in both the epigean (surface) and hypogean environments and are important because they may be potential ancestors of future troglobites and/or possible recolonizes of the epigean environment in case of population disappearance superficial. Biodiversity studies are very important to recognize threats and allow the creation and application of effective conservation policies, but they are hampered by shortfalls or deficits, mainly Linnean (richness) and Wallacean (distribution) due to impediments to accessing underground habitats and /or descriptive impediments linked to taxonomic problems and difficulties, which lead to uncertainties regarding the diversity and distribution of animals. For hypogean habitats, biodiversity studies have a strong focus on troglobites; therefore troglophiles have historically been neglected in faunal lists. Therefore, a database on troglophiles was elaborated here, carrying out a detailed survey of works that presented faunal lists of Brazilian cavities and respective categorization of the fauna and evaluating whether the shortfalls have influenced the knowledge of troglophile biodiversity. Thus, 143 described troglophile species were registered, distributed in 32 Orders and five Phyla, of which the main representatives are spiders (41 species). These species are distributed in 14 federal states and 14 biogeographical regions of the country, with the highest concentration in Minas Gerais and São Paulo, which comprise the biogeographical province of the Paraná Forest. Furthermore, it was found that there is a strong influence of both the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls on the knowledge of Brazilian troglophiles, and a new shortfall was considered for cave studies arising from the difficulty in categorizing an organism as a troglophile, which requires an ecological-evolutionary interpretation. The database obtained will be made available for future consultations and changes on the Webpage of the Subterranean Studies Laboratory (https://www.lesbio.ufscar.br), under the name PBioTroglophileBR.
Relacionamentos de poder, pressões institucionais e mecanismos de governança diante dos riscos ambientais e sociais: um estudo exploratório nas cadeias de carne bovina e do chocolate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-21)
Gemente, Giovanni Beccari
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Silva, Andrea Lago da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380499339281186
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3849-9698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4553621065598773
Environmental and social risks impact the reputation of supply chain stakeholders, including the purchasing company (EC), first-tier suppliers (F1), and second-tier suppliers (F2), resulting in adverse effects on both the environment and society. Power dynamics, institutional pressures, and governance mechanisms are integral aspects of the EC, F1, and F2 triad; however, they have been addressed in a fragmented and limited manner. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of these themes concerning the emergence of risks in agribusiness supply chains. To achieve this, a literature review was conducted, followed by a field study in the beef and chocolate supply chains, both identified as susceptible to sustainability challenges in Brazil. Data collection encompassed 30 interviews with stakeholders associated with the chains. Additionally, secondary data were scrutinized to enhance and deepen the analysis. Data underwent content analysis, facilitated by the QDA Miner software. Within the beef and chocolate supply chains, the slaughterhouses and processors, respectively, exert pressure on cattle ranchers and cocoa growers to reduce costs in raw material, thereby increasing the financial vulnerability of F2. Findings reveal that the chains face difficulties stemming from governmental limitations in inspecting and penalizing offenders (enforcement deficiencies). Moreover, a state of "superficial compliance" was observed among EC and F1; although they claim to adopt sustainable practices, their initiatives barely extend to F2. Governance mechanisms of certification (contractual), cooperation, and third-party involvement (relational) were identified as means to mitigate risks, but their scope within the chains remains limited. Consequently, the scalability of these mechanisms is compromised, largely excluding the majority of F2. NGOs, universities, and the Public Prosecutor's Office can aid in risk mitigation, as these stakeholders possess the knowledge to guide and sensitize participants to prevent potential harm and implement effective mitigation strategies. Based on these results, this research advances comprehension of governance mechanisms embedded in the operations of lower-tier suppliers within the supply chain. For supply chain professionals and managers, understanding the impact of power relationships and institutional pressures facilitates the adept adoption of governance mechanisms, ensuring their efficacy across various tiers and contexts of the supply chain.
Encapsulamento de Trichoderma harzianum em matrizes à base de nanocelulose e carboximetilcelulose para aplicação na agricultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-21)
Wolf, Mariana Govoni Brondi
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-190X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2753123048179923
Microbial inoculants are a sustainable alternative to increase agricultural productivity and reduce environmental and health problems caused by the exacerbated use of agrochemicals. These bio-based products are formulations with living microorganisms that are able to increase the productivity of vegetal crops. Nevertheless, for the commercial success of these bioproducts, some challenges still need to be overcome, particularly those related to increasing the inoculant shelf life, and its protection during storage and after its application. In this sense, a suitable formulation plays a crucial role in the survival and efficacy of inoculants. For instance, encapsulating microorganisms in natural polymeric matrices has shown promising results in meeting the requirements for a good formulation. These materials have advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability and can be used as a nutrient source by microorganisms. In this context, although still underexplored for this type of application, the evaluation of cellulose-based materials, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or nanocellulose, may result in positive outcomes on increasing microbial inoculants protection. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to assess the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and the CNC:carboxymethyl cellulose (CNC:CMC) composite for increasing the shelf-life and protection of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, a well-known microbial inoculant mainly due to its effect as a biocontrol agent. To this end, dispersions of 5% (w/v) CNC and a 5% (w/v) CNC mixed with a 1.5% (w/v) CMC at a volumetric ratio of 3:1 (CNC:CMC), containing a spore concentration of 109 spores/g of polymers, were dripped to a crosslinking solution of CaCl2 (1 M). After coagulation, the viability of the microorganism was evaluated, and the produced beads were stored wet under refrigeration (4 °C). Characterizations such as X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a good dispersion of the polymers in the encapsulating matrices, as well as the presence of the microorganism on the capsules’ surface. Shelf-life experiments highlighted that both matrices were able to reduce the mortality of encapsulated spores compared to the free microorganism (stored under the same conditions) after 9 and 12 months of storage. Additionally, the encapsulation increased the fungus protection when exposed to a temperature of 40 °C, a direct UV-C radiation, and during the contact with a commercial fungicide. Furthermore, after 1 year of storage, the biocontrol action of T. harzianum against the phytopathogen Fusarium solani remained preserved. Thus, the evaluated materials proved to be efficient in enhancing the protection of microbial inoculants, offering an interesting alternative for the formulation of these materials and for moving agriculture towards more sustainable practices aligned with the concepts of bioeconomy and climate change concerns.
Pesquisadora-autora-cidadã: por uma pedagogia da escrita de si em espaços/tempos de pesquisa-vida-formação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-22)
Brito, Solange Aparecida da Silva
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Brito, Solange Aparecida da Silva
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Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5097-459X
Este trabajo pone en diálogo las marcas de autoría, reveladas a partir de dos inventarios de investigación (PRADO; FRAUENDORF; CHAUTZ, 2018), en la perspectiva de anunciar uma investigación (auto)biográfica (PASSEGGI; SOUZA, 2017) que propone mirar para el proceso de constitución de una investigadora-autora-ciudadana, considerando uma perspectiva existencial (BARBIER, 2003), como una lente que afecta y es afectada en/por el movimiento de producir una tesis. Investigadora-autora-ciudadana es una idea que surge a partir de diálogos entrecruzados con los estudios y contribuciones sobre el autor-ciudadano de Barbosa (2000), a partir de la itinerancia heurística (MACEDO, 2020) de una doctoranda que vivencia la investigación académica en espacios/tiempos de investigación-vida-formación (BRITO; NAKAYAMA, 2022), en especial en el Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Narrativas, Formação e Trabalho Docente (NEPEN). La investigación pretende comprender el proceso de (re)conocerse y asumirse como investigadora-autora-ciudadana, a partir de experiencias con dispositivos biográfico-narrativos (objetivo general), y cuenta con tres objetivos específicos: 1) Comprender el papel de los dispositivos biográfico-narrativos, en la itinerancia heurística del doctorado, a partir de la producción escrita en contextos (espacios/tiempos) de investigación-vida-formación. (NEPEN); 2) Comprender la experiencia de la escritura reflexiva, vía dispositivos biográfico-narrativos, como posibilidad de identificar y problematizar las marcas de autoría y los caminos a donde ellas nos llevan (YO); 3) Comprender como una pedagogía de la escritura, movilizada por el trabajo con los dispositivos biográfico-narrativos, en el proceso de investigación (auto)biográfico, puede promover la toma de conciencia del “autorizarse a la autoría” contribuyendo para el reconocimiento y el asumirse investigadora-autora-ciudadana. (LA TESIS). Las Cartas Pedagógicas (FREITAS, 2020c), en tanto dispositivo de escritura reflexiva anuncian que investigar a partir de dispositivos biográfico-narrativos, en espacios/tiempos de investigación-vida-formación, ha permitido reconocer y legitimar una producción de conocimiento que emerge y se consolida de/en las intersubjetividades. Buscar caminos para la toma de conciencia de que producir conocimiento es producir(se) a sí misma; que ambas cosas son indisociables, pero que producirse a sí misma, precede y compone los processos de autorizarse a la autoría es lo que caracteriza a una investigadora-autora-ciudadana y además, si la lectura del mundo precede a la lectura de la palabra, es posible considerar que es mediante la narrativa, que se hace la lectura del mundo (FREIRE, 2011) y que, en esse caso, no sólo precede la lectura de la palabra, como se da por la propia palabra, por/en las tesituras de la intriga, considerando la triple mímesis del círculo hermenéutico (RICOUER, 2010).
Desenvolvimento de método de análise direta de folhas de soja e milho empregando a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-22)
Assis, João Victor Borges
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3357657139621871
This academic master's dissertation was devoted to the development of analytical methods for the determination of macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, S and Zn) in corn, soy (wihout and with petiole) leaves. The main purpose of this study was to present Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a viable alternative for the direct analysis of leaf samples using chemometric tools to interpret the data obtained. The usage condition chosen for LIBS was 70 mJ of energy, 1.0 µs of delay time and 100 µm of spot size, which were applied to 952 samples, 81 of corn, 305 of soy and 566 of soy with petiole. The reference values of the analytes for the construction of calibration models were obtained using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). To minimize signal variations and sample matrix differences, twelve normalization modes and two calibration strategies were tested. The following were studied: multivariate calibration using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and nivariate calibration using area and height of several emission lines. Thus, sought to identify the best normalization mode, emission line and calibration strategy for each analyte. The noteworthy normalization mode for most models was the Euclidean norm. No analyte showed good results for univariate calibrations. Multivariate models for P, S and micronutrients did not show satisfactory results. The models obtained for Ca, K and Mg showed good results, the standard error of calibration (SEC) varied from 0.5 g/kg, for Mg in corn leaves with 2 latent variables, up to 4.9 g/kg, for K in soy with petiole leaves with 2 latent variables. As a conclusion of the work, the proposed calibration models were tested on validation and prediction datasets with promising results for direct routine analysis of the plant for Ca, K and Mg.
Emprego de agente complexante e irradiações por feixe de elétrons e laser femtosegundos como estratégias para alterações da propriedade fotoluminescente do α-Ag2WO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-22)
Santos, Lílian Cruz
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Sales, Lucia Helena Mascaro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-1097
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Silva, Elson Longo da
The discovery of room temperature photoluminescence has driven the development of various optical-electronic devices, motivated the search for new photoluminescent materials, and stimulated the modeling of this property through series of changes in synthesis medium. Due to its intrinsic photoluminescence, alpha-silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4) has been extensively studied with the aim of improving and modifying its use in electronic devices. Morphological and structural modifications, as well as the formation of heterostructures between semiconductors and metallic nanoparticles have been shown to be efficient in photoluminescence modeling and enhancement. Thus, this study aimed at the formation of heterostructures composed of microcrystals of α-Ag2WO4 and Ag nanoparticles, and the morphological and structural modifications of α-Ag2WO4. The silver nanoparticles were obtained by 3 methods: 1) chemical method, in which ethylenediamine was employed as a complexing agent, morphology controller and reducer of Ag+ cation, 2) electron beam irradiation and 3) femtosecond laser irradiation. As results the study highlights the successful structural, morphological and photoluminescence modeling based on the strategies used. The mechanism of particle growth in medium containing ethylenediamine was elucidated and the influence of morphology, surface band gap and microstructure on photoluminescence was discussed according to irradiations employed. Regarding ethylenediamine in the synthesis of α-Ag2WO4, a direct relationship between ethylenediamine concentration and amount of surface silver nanoparticles were observed. And as a consequence of the electronic density of the surfaces constituting each morphology and structural defects, different photoluminescent emission centers were observed for selected strategies.
A formação do formador de professores: um estudo a partir do estágio curricular supervisionado no curso de licenciatura em Letras de um IFSP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-22)
Andrade, Flavia Hatsumi Izumida
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Yokota, Rosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-1430
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0190334429885262
Esta tesis presenta los resultados de la investigación de Doctorado acerca del Desarrollo Profesional Docente (DPD) de formadores de docentes durante la Práctica Curricular Supervisada (ECS) en las licenciaturas dobles de Letras de un campus del Instituto Federal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de São Paulo (IFSP). Se trata de una investigación cualitativa narrativa y documental cuyo objetivo general es comprender, explicar y analizar cómo se configuran los ECS de la carrera de Letras de un campus de IFSP en el locus del Desarrollo Profesional Docente (LE BOTERF,2003; GARCÍA, 1999; NÓVOA, 2002; 2009; HALU, 2014; JARDILINO E SAMPAIO, 2019; GATTI, 2019) en sus formadores, a partir de las Competencias de Enseñar (ALMEIDA FILHO 2016; 2014). Para ello, el objetivo es responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿Cómo se configura la Práctica Curricular Supervisada de una Licenciatura doble grado de Letras en espacio para la formación de formadores? 2) ¿Cómo el Proyecto Pedagógico del Curso de Licenciatura Doble de Letras de IFSP articula la teoría y la práctica en sus pasantías supervisadas? 3) ¿Qué conocimientos y competencias se espera que movilicen los docentes durante las orientaciones de pasantías basadas en estos y otros documentos? 4) Según sus relatos, ¿cómo se dio el desarrollo profesional de estos profesores a lo largo de las orientaciones de prácticas de la Licenciatura en Letras? Entendemos que la formación docente se inicia desde los estudios universitarios, especialmente durante la ejecución de la ECS (PIMENTA; LIMA, 2012), siendo un momento de construcción de conocimiento a través de la praxis, pero que no la finaliza con la clausura. Pudimos identificar, en los documentos que rigen esta Licenciatura, que hay indicios de configuración de la ECS como práctica y como investigación, pero falta una correlación directa y objetiva de la ECS con sus disciplinas articuladoras. En cuanto a la actuación de los formadores en las directrices, notamos que la influencia del conocimiento y conocimiento experiencial/tácito o Competencia Implícita (CI) es fuerte, especialmente en la ejecución de la ECS, con foco en la atención a los aspectos administrativos, pero poco seguimiento con el pasante en la unidad otorgante. Sin embargo, se percibe que el ECS contribuye a una nueva etapa de la DPD de los formadores, aunque de forma individual y puntual desde el propio contexto siendo diferente a su formación inicial. Algo latente es la falta de oportunidad de compartir institucionalmente las experiencias de ECS con sus actores (supervisores, asesores, pasantes, coordinador de extensión), lo que alcanzaría una segunda etapa de desarrollo profesional: la formación colectiva.
O brincar de crianças de 0 a 5 anos de idade durante o isolamento social provocado pela COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-23)
Fernandes, Beatriz Palma
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Alves, Fernando Donizete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-7851
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9839512168729138
As a result of the pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, in 2020, Brazilian schools had their face-to-face activities suspended and children were confined to their home space, adapting to a new reality. As the literature points out, play activities play an important role in children's development and learning and, for this reason, this study aims to understand how children aged zero to five years old played during this period of social isolation. This is a part of an inter-institutional research carried out between the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and the Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), under CEP number 4.683.194, which investigated how children up to five years of age played during the quarantine period in Brazil. Qualitative-quantitative character (CRESWELL, 2007), this research had, at first, a bibliographic survey about the pandemic and the children's play in this context of social isolation, in which they needed to adapt to a new teaching model, that of remote classes, held in their home environment. Subsequently, a bibliographic research was carried out, anchored in authors such as Vigotsky, Kishimoto, Brougère, Chateau, Huizinga, Sommerhalder, Alves and Arce in order to structure concepts around playfulness and highlight its importance for child development and learning. In a last moment, the answers to a Survey questionnaire were analyzed, applied using the Google Forms platform, in which a total of 238 guardians of children up to five years of age, who did not attend school due to measures to cope with the coronavirus disease, answered questions related to the context of the games and games that took place in this atypical period. Based on the Content Analysis method proposed by Lawrence Bardin (1979), we elaborated three categories a posteriori. The first, called "Playing spaces", presents the different spaces in which play was experienced during this pandemic period, bringing reflections on playing inside and outside domestic environments. In the second category, "With whom to play", we present the subjects with whom the children played in the analyzed period, demonstrating the importance of the other for their development and learning. In the third and last category, called "What to play", we address the main games experienced by children, which reflect their play culture. Among the conclusions, we show that, most of the time, due to the restrictions imposed, children did not have friends with whom to share moments of playfulness and had to learn to play alone, in some of these moments only with adults, usually parents and relatives, with whom they experienced social isolation.
Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta semi-automática para diagnóstico de plasmas frios aplicados à indústria de semicondutores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-23)
Cicareli, Rodrigo dos Santos
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Cirino, Giuseppe Antônio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4223181147426711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6433692402255988
Technological applications involving plasma processing steps are quite common. With no doubt, the semiconductor industry has a relevant impact on the daily life of contemporary society. The manufacture of integrated circuits is strongly related to the technological domain of plasma assisted processes. Such processes promote deposition and/or etching of thin films, whether metallic or dielectric. Among the various plasma diagnostic techniques, the electrostatic probe (or Langmuir probe) is a versatile and low-cost tool. Through this technique, it is possible to determine electrical parameters of plasma, such as electron and ion density, mean energy of the electron distribution, floating potential and plasma potential [1]. This work intends to develop a semi-automatic numerical tool for data acquisition, conditioning and processing, aiming to determine the electrical parameters of cold plasmas, used in dry etching processes. This automation consists of data acquisition from an analog/digital converter (A/D) with the help of LabView software and the analysis of the characteristic curve of plasmas using the electrostatic probe technique for single probes through Matlab software.
Efeitos do treinamento físico combinado e da suplementação com probiótico na rigidez arterial em ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-26)
Paula, Vinicius Ferreira de
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-3739
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7529009566401947
Arterial stiffness is recognized as a predictive marker of future cardiovascular diseases and can be assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV). On the other hand, combined training (CT) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological strategy in preventing dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness. Moreover, DEX is known to cause intestinal dysbiosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of inflammation resulting from intestinal dysbiosis on arterial stiffness and how CT and probiotic supplementation can prevent DEX-induced arterial stiffness. The hypothesis of this work is that alterations in the intestinal microbiota are involved in DEX-induced arterial stiffness and that CT, with or without probiotic supplementation, attenuates arterial stiffness induced by chronic DEX treatment by reducing collagen formation in the aorta. 143 Wistar rats (200-250g) were divided into 8 groups: sedentary control (SC, n=18), sedentary probiotic (SP, n=19), sedentary DEX (SD, n=22), sedentary DEX probiotic (SPD, n=20), trained control (TC, n=10), trained probiotic (TP, n=14), trained DEX (TD, n=15), and trained probiotic DEX (TPD, n=13). The rats were supplemented with probiotic (Yakult®, 2ml/65g via gavage) or water and subjected to CT (treadmill and ladder, on alternate days, at 60% of maximum physical capacity) for 74 days or remained sedentary. During the last 14 days, the rats were treated with DEX (50µg/kg per day, s.c.) or saline concomitant with the other interventions. PWV, blood pressure (BP), spectral analysis, densitometric quantification of extracellular matrix proteins in the aorta, as well as plasma inflammatory biomarkers, were evaluated. The results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, and samples showing significant differences were analyzed by Tukey's post hoc test, with (p< 0.05) considered significant. DEX caused an increase in PWV (+68%) and LF (+126%) for SD vs SC, while supplementation and/or CT prevented this increase (- 39%, -33%, -38% and -44%, -88%, -64%) for SPD, TD, and TPD vs SD for PWV and LF, respectively. DEX increased the expression of COL-3 (+59%), TGF-β1 (+59%), TGFR2B (+103%), p-SMAD2/3/SMAD2/3 (+41%), and both probiotic and CT prevented the increase. Regarding quantification of proteins in the distal colon, DEX caused a decrease in claudin-1 (-53%) and an increase in occludin (+161%), and supplementation and/or CT prevented this response for claudin-1 (SP = +84% and TPD +16% vs SC and SD, respectively). Finally, no significant differences were observed in inflammatory biomarkers. The present study suggests that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the increased arterial stiffness induced by DEX through prevention of sympathetic activity rather than inflammation. Furthermore, CT was shown to be as effective as probiotic supplementation in attenuating the increase in PWV.
Análise dos processos educativos para profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital filantrópico do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-26)
Gomes, Daniele Perez
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Aquilante, Aline Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-7642
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8809958671135592
The nursing team is the main force involved in hospital care, and its work processes have a major impact on the permanence and quality of care. Therefore, to achieve the objectives of health services, employees highlight working conditions, both structural and human resources, as well as investment in training and space for reflection on their practice, ensuring good performance. Given the evolution of educational actions for health professionals, according to the National Policy for Permanent Health Education (NPPHE), it is understood that Permanent Health Education (PHE) and Continuing Education (CE) complement each other as in-service training strategies, even if they are based on different methodological principles. Together, they allow professional improvement and reflection on work processes, enhancing the change in reality. Points were considered that involve the complexity of the work, the importance of the nursing team for care processes, the evolution of their bureaucratic activities, the need for investment in in-service training, the educational role to be strengthened by the nurse, stimulating reflection on practice, identifying challenges and proposing solutions, as well as the differentiation between CE and PHE. The present study is part of the line of research “Management of Care, Work and Education in Health” of the Postgraduate Program in Clinical Management at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), and as it is a Professional Master's Degree, it has close relationship with health policies; Thus, it was proposed to identify the perceptions of nursing professionals at a philanthropic hospital about the educational actions aimed at them and provide support for more appropriate educational strategies. A descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out, with the participation of 9 nursing professionals. The information was collected remotely, through semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed, allowing the Thematic Content Analysis, proposed by Bardin, to be carried out with the help of the Atlas.ti® software. The methodology identified concepts, facilitators and obstacles, qualification needs and suggestions for changes. The results showed that there is a lack of familiarity among professionals with PHE, highlighting confusion with CE. Work overload and the reduced number of employees were highlighted as the main difficulties in participating in educational activities during shifts. Professionals expressed the need for training to deal with everyday challenges, preferring practical training and despite the difficulties, PHE was recognized as a valuable tool for improving the work process and the quality of care. It is concluded that the main necessary change in educational practices is related to management, which should involve front-line employees in the decisions made, as well as the importance of educators knowing the reality of each sector and requesting the participation of employees in the preparation of educational actions. The results will be presented to the study institution through a technical report, which will serve as a reference for the development of educational strategies that are more appropriate to the reality of nursing professionals in hospital services.
Soluções sólidas de quartzo co-recheadas com expansão térmica zero por síntese sol-gel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-26)
Fonseca, Beatriz Paiva da
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
First of all, I would like to thank my family for all the love: my mother Conceição, who always invested in my education, my father Walter, who always gave me courage, my sister Amanda, who is my partner and my balance, and my boyfriend Enzo, who is my supporter and role model. I have also always been graced with good friends. Many thanks to my great friends from the beginning of my degree in Belo Horizonte Luis and Juliana (and also Arthur), whose friendship always went far beyond studies and overcame distance for years, my friends at UFSCar Carol, Franzin, Kaue, Paloma, Martinez and Pedro and all the others from the group "Primas Mancilha", and in São Carlos, Senise e Gagui, and my dear ex-roommate and professional advisor Barbara. During my graduation I had the privilege of taking classes and being guided by great educators and professionals, whom I admire so much. I gratefully acknowledge Rosario Suman Bretas, my first advisor, and Edgar Dutra Zanotto, my advisor for this work and who made it possible for me to realize one of my greatest dreams. I would like to thank my advisors in Germany Joachim Deubener and Gundula Helsch for all the attention and knowledge taught to me, and also all my work colleagues at INW and at LaMaV, for their support. Finally, I would like to thank all the people who have in some way cheered my success or contributed to my education.
Mortalidade por COVID-19 em uma população do sudoeste de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-27)
Lemos, Braiane Marcelle
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-4206
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7971910319975211
Introduction: On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted to several cases of pneumonia in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China. It was a new strain (type) of coronavirus that had not been identified before in humans. A week later, on January 7, 2020, Chinese authorities confirmed that they had identified a new type of coronavirus. Coronaviruses are everywhere. They are the second leading cause of the common cold (after rhinoviruses) and, until recent decades, rarely caused more serious illness in humans than the common cold. Objective: To describe mortality from COVID-19 and possible associated sociodemographic and clinical factors among users of two municipalities in the southwest of Minas Gerais. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, analytical and cross-sectional study, using secondary data from the e-SUS Notifica System and the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System - SIVEP-Influenza, of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. We included users over 18 years of age notified in both systems of the two municipalities of the study and excluded users whose notifications were flawed, making analysis impossible. The data collected referred to the total number of mild, moderate and severe cases of the disease, in the period from April 2020 to July 2022. Results: A total of 38,146 notified cases were identified in both systems, of which 20,594 were positive cases of COVID-19 (18,846 users notified in e-SUS Notifica and 1748 users notified in SIVEP-Influenza). Of these, 8.48% evolved to severe cases of the disease (SIVEP-Influenza), with the outcome of 1113 cured and 537 deaths. Advanced ages, predominance of males, white ethnicity, prevalence of respiratory signs and symptoms, and comorbidities such as heart disease and diabetes were observed for those who died. Conclusion: In the context of the municipalities studied, recognizing this profile is important in order to contribute with data records, planning and execution of public health policies in the different spheres, aimed at populations at higher risk of worsening and death from the disease. By recognizing the population groups most subject to complications and deaths due to the disease, such information becomes valuable tools to guide decision-making.