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Previsão da composição e dos volumes das fases durante a cinética enzimática do biodiesel etílico com lipase líquida utilizando modelo UNIFAC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Nunes, Guilherme Lanfredi Lopes Veronezi
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-3478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7982845022512599
The production of biodiesel catalyzed by lipases, especially by transesterification of vegetable oils, has been gaining importance in recent decades because it is an efficient and sustainable process. The main differential of this process is the possibility of using low quality raw material, in addition to being a highly energy efficient process compared to the conventional one. Lipases are enzymes that are widely used in the industrial field, as catalysts in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, transforming them into glycerol and fatty acids. Additionally, they are capable of catalyzing esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions. This allows its assignments to be diverse, and can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, cleaning products, water treatment and biodiesel production sectors. During the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel, using liquid lipase, the reaction occurs at the interface between the polar and non-polar phases. That is, the reaction rate varies as a function of polar and non-polar volumes. Furthermore, the enzyme is soluble only in the polar phase. In this sense, the study of the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) during the enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel is important for a better understanding of this production process. The objective of this research was the development of a model based on liquid-liquid equilibrium that could describe the composition and volume of the phases during the enzymatic reaction of transesterification of soybean oil and ethanol. For this, the UNIFAC group contribution method was applied and variations for biodiesel systems were evaluated. As soybean oil, biodiesel and fatty acids are composed of long chains and their molecular structure depends on their composition, in this work pseudomolecules were elaborated based on the composition of the soybean oil used and on the average molecular structures to define the contribution of each group. Finally, a kinetic model of the reaction developed in the research group, based on the Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism, was combined with the liquid-liquid equilibrium model to improve the knowledge of the polar and non-polar phases during the transesterification reaction.
Curadoria transmídia em festivais audiovisuais e estudo de caso pós-pandêmico do MixBrasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Fischer, André
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Massarolo, João Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-1601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7828596132164484
Technological innovations have caused profound transformations in the way audiovisual content is produced, understood, consumed, and programmed. The restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly catalyzed the metamorphoses that were already transforming the foundations of both the film industry and the entire festival ecosystem. This research defines the concept of transmedia curation and explores the interaction between taste, politics, and programming throughout history, and considers the role of algorithms and the impact of curatorial choices on festivals. The analysis of the term and its application in audiovisual festivals is carried out using practical experiences from over 30 years on the MixBrasil Festival, particularly from 2020 onwards. The study reflects on the origin and consolidation of the film festival circuit, the effects of emerging technologies on the dynamics of festivals, and discusses the challenges faced by the audiovisual industry and potential future directions. It highlights the technological evolution of Brazilian LGBT+ themed audiovisual production, the adoption of digital platforms, and the adaptation of festival programming during and after the pandemic. Hashtags are identified as an initial literacy tool for both the general public and programming teams. This dissertation, written using the principles of inclusive language, addresses the path of incorporating immersive experiences, using extended realities (XR) such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), by analyzing the confluence between curation, technological innovation, and the specificities of LGBT+ festivals. In conclusion, the dissertation presents perspectives on the evolution of audiovisual festivals as a comprehensive phenomenon, as well as methodologies and practices for implementing transmedia curation in audiovisual festivals, contributing to the development and improvement of these events in the contemporary landscape.
Identificação de critérios de seleção de conteúdos para o arquivamento da Web
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Formenton, Danilo
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Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0625069342441295
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-4295
With the significant increase in production, diffusion and consumption of digital content in the Web environment, actions for the recovery, preservation and communication of data and information, of scientific, cultural and historical value produced in websites, social media and other Web-based content, are being created and studied in face of the ephemerality of the Internet that imposes rapid changes or even permanent losses to informational resources. Digital preservation and archiving of Web-based content is a recent theme in Brazil, specifically discussed in Information Science and, in general, not contemplated in the field of Science, Technology and Society (STS), being necessary the interdisciplinary transit with Information Science. In this context, we aim to verify how criteria for selecting Web content in the context of digital preservation and Web archiving have been discussed by Information Science and related areas (Archivology, Librarianship and Museology), pointing out how these criteria could meet the demands for structuring institutional Web archives in a more adequate way for the long-term preservation of digital information. As methodology, an exploratory study was carried out, based on bibliographic and documentary research with a narrative literature review concerning Web archiving in the scope of digital preservation. Content analysis was applied to Web content selection criteria and policies identified in the literature for digital preservation and long-term archiving purposes. As a result, a theoretical, technical and systematized framework of selection criteria applicable to Web archiving and digital preservation is presented, based on the surveyed scientific literature and on policies from various Web archiving initiatives around the world, such as criteria for "old" and "current" sites, geographic and linguistic criteria, subject-related criteria, criteria based on Web archiving uses and its users or experts, or format-related criteria, and, simultaneously, that may be relevant for modeling institutional Web archive collections. It was found that the imperfection of the Web archiving process and the incompleteness of its products, that is, the Web archives, in terms of the completeness of the archived sites, stems not only from technical, temporal, budgetary or legal limits, but also from limits tied to selection decisions. The selection decisions adopted in Web archiving policies bring some degree of subjectivity and deliberation, which can be avoided by explicitly justifying the criteria in a selection policy, making the archiving and its final product (collections) coherent. Furthermore, within the development of a Web archiving selection policy, it was possible to verify that in the scopes of the selection methods adopted in the creation of Web collections, in the scope, coverage of the archiving and the target (extent) of the collection itself, in the definition of the type and means of access of the Web archive, and in the definition of the expected uses of the Web archive and the intended users, different criteria for the selection of contents agreed upon in the policy are delineated.
Banco de dados: ideação suicida, espiritualidade, drogas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza
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Cruz, Jefferson Pereira Maciel da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7265-5837
Formação, profissão docente e políticas educacionais: o que dizem os dados do Censo Escolar sobre os professores de matemática do ensino fundamental II da Região Sudeste?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Peripato, David Pancieri
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Lozano, Daniele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775248941851933
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-5403
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5425650172924989
This research aimed to investigate the implications of public educational policies - understood at first as strategies for the maintenance and reproduction of a certain societal form, the capitalist one - in the relationship between schooling and the forms of hiring mathematics teachers who work in basic education in elementary school II, Southeast region, based on the analysis of the census microdata made available by INEP in the years 2011, 2015 and 2020 since these data, in addition to being official, subsidize the country's public policies, and, therefore, allow us to describe the reality of teachers who are working in the basic education network. This premise allows us to infer about the discontinuity of current policies. To this end, the Statistical Package for the Social Science for Windows (SPSS) software was used to compile the corpus of data, allowing the compilation of variables from the microdata of the basic education census, the teacher input of interest, and the critical analysis was based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of dialectical historical materialism, which allowed us to understand the causal links and the movement through which these policies are implemented, seeking to develop a synthesis between the inseparability of these two dimensions of reality (quantitative and qualitative). The statistic data suggest that both the forms of hiring and schooling do not meet the legal provision according to the provisions of article 62 of the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education, according to which the training of teachers will be done at a higher level, corroborating the crisis of the valorization of the career of these professionals.
Francis Bacon em tríptico: uma análise das figuras pictóricas sob a perspectiva de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Rezino, Larissa Farias
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Silva, Cíntia Vieira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1421439683179158
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
S'appuyant sur l'ouvrage Francis Bacon : Logique de la sensation du philosophe français Gilles Deleuze, dans lequel le penseur analyse les tableaux du peintre irlandais, cette recherche vise à étudier l'élément de la Figure dans les tableaux de Bacon au crible d'autres concepts avec lesquels cet élément contribue à créer ou à défaire. À cette fin, la thèse s'articule autour de deux autres concepts qui sont au cœur de notre enquête et qui sous-tendent l'analyse des peintures, à savoir : Corps sans organes et Rostité. Ainsi, les autres livres de Gilles Deleuze et ceux écrits avec Félix Guattari, où ces concepts sont développés, sont utilisés comme principales ressources théoriques. Cependant, la thèse s'étend à d'autres auteurs à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la philosophie. Divisé en trois axes — figure, corps et visage — le travail propose d'exécuter ces concepts dans les peintures en présentant non seulement une approximation, mais aussi la réverbération entre les créations de l'art et de la philosophie.
O declínio da legitimidade democrática na América Latina: a relação entre democracia e economia e seus efeitos no comportamento político
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Almeida, Bruno Henrique Martins de
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Casalecchi, Gabriel Avila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9759794253878555
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-0180
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5469275242490764
Con la emergencia de nuevos líderes y partidos populistas en Estados Unidos y Europa, se ha reavivado el debate sobre la crisis de la democracia y se ha puesto en riesgo la legitimidad democrática. En América Latina, se han presenciado casos explícitos de rupturas democráticas, principalmente debido a golpes de Estado y gubernamentales, así como rupturas por vías institucionales, ya sea por renuncias o destituciones (impeachment), lo que ha estimulado una revisión de los trabajos sobre la estabilidad de la democracia en la región. Mientras tanto, los datos del Latinobarómetro han demostrado que el apoyo y la satisfacción popular con la democracia y las instituciones que la representan han alcanzado los peores niveles registrados desde la redemocratización. En base a esta coyuntura, el objetivo de esta investigación es comprender las razones que explican este fenómeno en una región marcada por una mayor inestabilidad social y económica. Específicamente, nos centraremos en la relación entre dos variables: la legitimidad del sistema democrático y la percepción del desempeño económico. La hipótesis central es que, en una región con una fuerte inestabilidad social y económica como América Latina, la evaluación que hacen los ciudadanos del desempeño económico impacta en las creencias que tienen sobre el régimen democrático. En general, los resultados del análisis de la relación entre las variables de percepción de la economía y legitimidad democrática corroboraron la hipótesis planteada en esta investigación.
Evolução molecular e caracterização do gene defective chorion 1 em Anastrepha fraterculus e Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-29)
Bisio, Mariana de Cássia
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5100657466794680
The Tephritidae family comprises many fruit fly species with predominance of frugivorous larvae, several of which of great economic importance. The fraterculus group is the most important species group, because it includes some of the most economically important species that cause damage to fruit production in Brazil and worldwide. Some species in this group are closely related, infest several host fruits, have a wide geographical distribution, and show considerable similarity and evolutionary proximity, which renders their identification difficult. Therefore, the investigation of genes with high evolutionary rates, such as the defective chorion 1 (dec-1), may be relevant for a better understanding of their phylogeny and the underlying differentiation forces involved. The gene dec-1 is involved with the production and modification of specific proteins that participate in the egg chorion formation during oogenesis. Evidence about this gene may bring relevant information on the differentiation of Anastrepha species. This work aims to investigate the molecular structure and the evolutionary patterns of dec-1 in order to understand the differentiation process of species in the Anastrepha genus, as well as among Tephritidae. A specific fragment of the dec-1 from two species of Anastrepha (A. fraterculus and A. obliqua) was amplified from samples collected in nature and compared to transcriptome sequences from next-generation data available in our laboratory. Conventional PCR was performed with specific dec-1 primers and fragments were submitted to Sanger sequencing. For structure prediction, dec-1 gene sequence of Anastrepha ludens was used as model. A group of orthologous sequences for this gene from other related flies was retrieved from NCBI and used to test for signatures of natural selection using clade and branch-specific methods with PAML and HyPhy software. In order to characterize the ovarian development, female ovaries of the species A. fraterculus were collected at different developmental periods, measured and submitted to statistical analysis. The ovarian characterization showed that choriogenesis probably occurs in A. fraterculus flies from 10 to 14 days of adult life, a period in which dec-1 gene products would be cleaved into isoforms and protein derivatives. The data collected from the ovaries proved to be informative to base and guide studies about ovarian characterization and reproductive development of A. fraterculus populations. A combination of transcriptome data with classical sequencing procedures allowed the identification of three alternative transcripts in both A. fraterculus and A. obliqua, corroborating the pattern found in other tephritids and recovering three of the six known D. melanogaster transcripts. Overall, there is evidence of purifying selection having a preponderant role both, for gene structure as well as along evolutionary branches. Despite evidence of a significant evolutionary conservation, some codons and branches under positive selection were detected, such as in the branch that separates A.obliqua flies, as well as on the separation of A. fraterculus into three clusters, and on the separation of Tephritidae from other Diptera. Analyses on some positively selected changes revealed seven non-synonymous changes that led to radical amino acid replacements which altered physicochemical properties. These results indicate that positive selection affected these regions during a specific evolutionary time and were fixed in different lineages, perhaps because it conferred some adaptive advantage. Thus, this gene showed some positively selected changes that seem to have been important to differentiate species in the group, suggesting that it might have a possible role in their differentiation process.
Desenvolvimento de modelo computacional com aplicação do Kalman Filter para detecção de vazamentos em redes de distribuição de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Zerunian, Rafael Humberto Machado
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Kellner, Erich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855091004957784
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-5580
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6441403375997862
In water supply systems, one of the types of loss are the Real Losses, mainly caused by leaks in water distribution networks and, therefore, constitute one of the most complex and urgent problems to enable a water resources management system for the urban environment that is effective, both from an environmental and financial perspective. Among the various approaches for combating and controlling leaks in water distribution networks, there is the use of probabilistic methods that can translate with reasonable accuracy the functioning of this type of dynamic system and among these methods is the Kalman Filter, largely used in the scientific field as a state prediction tool from the combination of data modeled with errors and data obtained through sensors, whose measurement has distortions that affect its accuracy. In this work, the objective was to review the main concepts of this application and analyze the viability of the method as an operational instrument that can be incorporated in a viable way in the daily life of operators of water supply systems. For this, the analysis parameters were established for a real water supply system in the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. Hydraulic modeling was carried out based on data from the water supply service with the EPANET software and, later, real measurements were carried out at specific points of this network that served as a basis for the application of the Kalman Filter to determine leaks. From the collected data, a python code was developed that allows the determination of residual values of the iterative calculation of the Kalman Filter and that, therefore, demonstrated the relationship between these values and the occurrence of leaks in the distribution network. Despite the positive result, the study was able to determine that the method has limitations, such as the need for diffuse pressure measurements along the distribution network and the existence of a reliable system record, which in a large part of Brazil can be important obstacles.
Despesas em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e desempenho de empresas de tecnologia: uma análise multi-países
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Lourenço, Victor Haruo Nitatori Rodrigues
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Sartorelli, Isabel Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4068127357780521
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-8370
;
Carvalho, Flávio Leonel de
The development of new technologies and production techniques is crucial for companies to gain a competitive advantage, achieved through innovation resulting from Research and Development (R&D). In the context of increasingly global and interconnected markets, where R&D becomes a relevant factor in determining growth and value creation for a company, this study aims to answer the following research question: what is the relationship between the operational performance and future growth expectations of technology companies listed in developed countries and the influence of research and development (R&D) intensity compared to those listed in emerging countries? This study aims to identify whether the country context, such as R&D incentive policies, intellectual property protection, among other factors, influences this relationship. To achieve this, companies in the Information Technology sector were selected, as R&D is essential for maintaining competitiveness in this sector. Companies listed on the top ten stock exchanges by market capitalization in 2021 were chosen, totaling 1,095 companies covering the period from 2012 to 2020. The sample was divided according to the country where the company is listed and according to the company size. The current period R&D intensity, as well as lagged one- and two-year R&D Intensity, were used as predictive variables, along with control variables. Return on Assets (ROA) was selected as the dependent variable to measure operational performance, and Tobin’s q was used to measure market expectations towards the company. The results indicate that companies listed in developed countries have advantages and incentives for R&D expenses, as R&D positively influences operational performance and future market expectations regarding growth opportunities during the expense year and within one year. In contrast, the total sample shows an inverse relationship. Considering emerging countries as well, the relationship is negative, indicating that R&D has a negative impact on both ROA and Tobin’s q in the current year and within one year. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the differences between developed and emerging countries, fostering the debate on the need for public policies to mitigate the differences caused by institutional factors in each country. Additionally, the answer to the research question can serve as a basis for company managers to make resource allocation decisions in R&D, indicating the generation of future benefits for the company.
O Design Instrucional no contexto da Arquitetura da Informação: contribuições em ambientes informacionais digitais inclusivos para a pessoa idosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Goulart, Janaína Dias
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Silva, Noêmia Lima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8096249467683545
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Neves, Barbara Coelho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7327673330074701
The increase in the world's elderly population reinforces the need to create inclusive information systems for this public. The objective of the research is to analyze the Instructional Design methodologies that can facilitate the inclusion of elderly people in digital informational environments with the help of Information Architecture. Information Architecture is related to different aspects of construction, storage, retrieval, and usability of informational environments. Instructional Design can be defined as a work methodology dedicated to the processes of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of distance courses that must be considered from the moment of conception of the training offer until its implementation. From these two definitions, it is possible to verify that the Information Architecture offers a theoretical basis, structuring the line of action of the professionals responsible for the design of the informational environment aimed at the elderly, indicating the best paths that will lead to the choice of the most suitable tools and resources. appropriate to the digital context that will be developed. Therefore, the research's guiding question was formulated: How can Instructional Design combined with Information Architecture contribute to the inclusion of the elderly in digital informational environments? The research is of a qualitative and quantitative nature, in which bibliographic, descriptive, and field research methodologies were used, using a questionnaire and direct observation as data collection instruments (applied to elderly people who attend courses in Informatics at FESC, a public institution from the city of São Carlos-SP) and interviews with professors of the same courses. The analysis of the results was carried out through content analysis. The main authors present in the theoretical framework of the research are Beauvoir, Haddad, Quintana, Alves Júnior, Casamayou and Gonzalez (aging process); Saracevic, Rosenfeld, Morville, Arango, Jorente, Vidotti, Vechiato and Oliveira referring to Information Architecture; Barreiro, Filatro and Piconez related to Instructional Design. The motivation for the research came from the author's experience with the elderly public as a teacher of Informatics courses and as an instructional designer. Bibliographical research and analysis of responses from interviews and questionnaires prove the need to create more inclusive digital informational environments to meet the needs of the elderly public who want to feel safe and autonomous in the digital context. It is hoped that these studies will bring new concepts of improved environments, which can be useful especially for the elderly and that it will bring more equity and make digital informational environments truly democratic and participatory for all audiences.
Manufatura aditiva a laser e fusão a arco da liga Ti-15Nb de baixo módulo de elasticidade para aplicações biomédicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Mattos, Felype Narciso de
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Rossi, Mariana Correa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3908115015799734
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
Ti alloys are acclaimed for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance properties. Based on these characteristics, pure Ti and different Ti alloys have been applied in the biomedical industry, especially the Ti-6Al-4V (wt %) alloy. However, although it presents good mechanical properties, this alloy presents problems regarding cytotoxicity of Al and V elements related to neural disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, for orthopedic applications, there is a considerable difference among elastic modulus of Ti and α+β alloys, from E = 100 to 110 GPa, and that of human bone, around E = 30 GPa. This property mismatch leads to stress shielding phenomenon, which is not desirable since it can promote loss of bone density and consequently diseases as osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this context the Ti-15Nb alloy emerge and was produced by selective laser melting (LPBF) and vacuum arc melting as an alternative to Ti 6Al-4V since it is free of toxic elements and presents an elastic modulus nearer human bone. The stablished phases were identified by the X-ray diffraction technique and in the AC, RR, LQ and LPBF samples the found phases were α' + β, while in the RL sample the phases identified were α + β and all these phases were confirmed by microscopy techniques. Elastic modulus and hardness were measured by impulse excitation and Vickers microhardness techniques, varying their values from 56 to 88 GPa and 236 to 500 HV. Yet, for additive manufacturing, it was possible to stablish an operational window of 130 to 150 J/mm³. In this way, low levels of porosity and un-melted Nb are obtained.
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da cobertura de Mata Atlântica no Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco e uso do habitat pela avifauna ameaçada da região
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Dias, Thiago da Costa
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7812
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3343198538235148
The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots, harboring a high species richness and serving as the stage for some of the largest conservation challenges nowadays. A small portion of this biome located in northeastern Brazil, known as the Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC), stands out for hosting a high concentration of threatened and restricted-distribution species. The irreplaceable ecosystems of the PEC have been continuously affected by deforestation, fragmentation, degradation, and defaunation, resulting in the loss of many crucial ecological relationships that maintain biodiversity. It is essential to promote management and conservation actions for species and habitats in the PEC to prevent anticipated species losses in the region. Across the PEC, investigating historical changes and the current state of forest habitats, and characterizing space use and distribution by its threatened wildlife may guide conservation efforts and assist decision-making focused on landscape management. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the forest cover in the PEC over the past 35 years (1985-2020) by (i) assessing trends in biomass accumulation/loss in remnants of native vegetation and (ii) identifying changes in the spatial configuration and distribution of forest habitats in the region. The study additionally intends to (iii) reveal the distribution, richness, key resources/habitats, and areas of high ecological relevance for the endemic and threatened avifauna of the PEC, ultimately proposing the creation of ecological corridors as a tool for biodiversity conservation. The condition of the PEC’s forest cover is alarming, and although biomass accumulation (greening) and improvements in metrics related to habitat quality were identified over the last decades, factors such as the reduced size of the fragments, severe edge effects, and the replacement of mature by secondary vegetation are current threats for the local biodiversity. The persistence of endemic and threatened birds in the PEC may rely on energetic and large-scale conservation strategies and landscape management, and here we propose the creation of the Pernambuco Endemism Center Restoration Arc (PEC- ARC), which may be able to connect fragments with high ecological relevance through forest restoration initiatives. Together with the ongoing conservation actions that became increasingly important to the PEC over the last years, this strategy may provide critical improvements in habitat quality over the region, increase gene flow and organismal movement, promote habitat recolonization, and ensure population adaptability to climate change, which may ultimately reduce the risks of future global extinctions expected for the region.
Empatia e preocupações psicológicas em cuidadores de pessoas idosas: revisão sistemática e efeitos do treinamento de empatia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Maximiano-Barreto, Madson Alan
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Luchesi, Bruna Moretti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3385433655310047
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-0818
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Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara
Empathy is an important ability in social interactions and can be a predictor of or protector form the negative impacts of care, such as psychological concerns (e.g., burden, depression, anxiety and stress). Thus, empathy training has been developed with caregivers of older people to minimize the negative impacts of care. The present thesis is divided into three studies. The first two are systematic literature reviews and the third is an original study. Objectives: The main objective was to analyze the effects of empathy training on burden levels in caregivers of older people. The following were the specific objectives: i) identify the relationship between psychological harm, empathy and its domains (affective and cognitive); ii) identify empathy training models and the effects on psychological concerns; and iii) evaluate the effects and efficacy of empathy training on psychological concerns and empathy in caregivers of older people. Methods: Two systematic reviews were performed of articles retrieved from the Embase, LILACS, PsycInfo, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search strategy for the first review was “Empathy AND Caregiver AND (Depression OR Burnout OR Anxiety OR Caregiver Burden OR Psychological Stresses)” and the strategy for the second review was “Empathy AND (Education OR Training OR Intervention) AND Caregiver”. No restrictions were imposed regarding language or year of publication. The third study was a randomized, double-blind, crossover, clinical trial with follow-up involving 30 paid and unpaid caregivers of older people who participated in five online encounters. Data were collected on empathy and domains, burden, the impact of providing care, depressive symptoms and psychiatric symptoms before, immediately after and after the intervention). Empathy was also investigated 15, 30 and 60 days after the intervention. Results: In the reviews, we found that higher levels of empathy affective were associated with more psychological concerns. Direct associations were found between affective empathy and depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress. In contrast, high levels of cognitive empathy were associated with fewer depressive symptoms as well as less stress and burnout syndrome. In the second review, empathy training methods were able to significantly increase levels of empathy and consequently reduce psychological concerns. In the clinical trial, the results revealed that online training was capable of diminishing psychological concerns (i.e., burden, impact of providing care and depressive symptoms) in caregivers of older people. Moreover, levels of cognitive empathy increased along the course of 15, 30 and 60 days after the intervention. Conclusions: The literature reports a direct association between affective empathy and psychological concerns. Higher levels of cognitive empathy can minimize psychological concerns. The literature revealed that empathy training for caregivers of older people can increase the levels of this ability, especially in the cognitive domain, as well as diminish psychological concerns. These results were confirmed by the empathy training conducted online.
Modelagem de conectividade entre áreas protegidas: proposta de rede de corredores para gestão integrada da paisagem na Região Hidrográfica Sul Catarinense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Mourão, Carla
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Ferretti, Orlando Ednei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8028532754013866
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-2376
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
Anthropic pressures are fragmenting the landscape and condemning global biodiversity, which performs numerous ecological functions and provides ecosystem services for the maintenance and well-being of humanity on Earth. To ensure the preservation of these services, we need to mitigate the fragmentation process and thus achieve its full cascade effect. One of the main solutions for this process is to establish connections between the remnants of vegetation which allow the flow of species and thus maintain the genetic variation of populations. The objective of this study was to model a connectivity network between the Protected Areas in the Southern Hydrographic Region of Santa Catarina – Brazil. The proposed Biodiversity Corridors are more than areas of physical connection of habitats, but also a landscape planning unit in which the interstice zones are sustainable with respect to the use of land and natural resources, preserving biodiversity. Structural factors were considered based on maps of land use and land cover, size of forest remnants, Permanent Preservation Areas, terrain slope and as a differential, an ecological factor was inserted, the key species richness to provide a functional connectivity network based on the analysis of the lowest cost path for the formation of each corridor corresponding to the connection of the indicated points. As a result, the pixels that contained the lowest values resulting from the combination of cumulative origin and destination costs were identified, and nine potential corridors were modeled. In the analyzes of the corridors, it was possible to verify their respective uses and land cover and the conflict that exists with the legally protected areas, in addition to analyzing the vegetation index of each route and detecting the bottlenecks that were formed, in this way, determining the areas priorities for conservationist actions and propose guidelines for the integrated management of the landscape in the pursuit of quality of life.
Estudo fitoquímico de Annona squamosa L. e atividades biológicas dos seus constituintes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Formoso, Dianne Dominguez
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4482260069724820
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA L. AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ITS CONSTITUENTS. Annona squamosa L. belongs to the Annonaceae family which is a promising natural source of metabolites with potential therapeutic and medicinal functions. In 1982, the first member of a new class of secondary metabolites in plants was reported, which currently comprises a group of 430 natural compounds found almost exclusively in plants of the Annonaceae, called Annonaceae acetogenins (ACGs). The present work aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of extracts of the species A. squamosa L. through bioguided studies in the search for biologically active substances, from the evaluation of the efficiency of extracts and isolated substances. In the study, three acetogenins were isolated from leaves and seeds of A. squamosa L.1D and 2D NMR analyses were performed, which confirmed the presence of three acetogenins, being isomers. They are isomers of Squamostin, containing a smaller carbon chain between the lactone and the first tetrahydrofuran ring. Isomers are differentiated by the position and stereochemistry of their hydroxyl groups. The results showed a monoisotopic mass of m/z 639.4818 [M+H]+, corresponding to a molecular formula C37H67O8+ and a mass error of 1.02 ppm for the acetogenin isomers. Two lignans were also isolated from the leaves of the plant; Yanganbim is another lignan derived from yangambim, but still unknown in the literature (structure under more detailed study). Subsequently, 6 compounds within the acetogenin class of A. squamosa seed acetate extract were isolated and purified by bench column, by normal phase, which were characterized by the spectroscopic technique of 1D and 2D NMR and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). After confirmation of purity by NMR and UPLC-QTOF- MS/MS; Eleven molecules isolated from A. squamosa were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of the bacterium Xanthomonas citri spp. Citri, which causes Citrus Cancer. The results indicated a bacteriostatic activity, that is, the ability to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, which may be useful in controlling the disease in citrus plantations. The insecticidal activities of A. squamosa extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda and the anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, lung cancer A549 and normal human MRC-5 cells were also evaluated. The extracts showed potential as anticancer phytopharmaceuticals, indicating the possibility of developing new therapeutic candidates from these compounds.
A reeleição de prefeitos em 2020: eleitorado, coligações e organização partidária nas eleições municipais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Souza, Zara Rego de
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9677440499734236
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-9590
The practice of reelection for Executive Power positions was enacted in 1997 and has since shown to be a significant tool in Brazilian elections. At the municipal level, the 2020 election tallied 2,069 reelected mayors, marking the highest number of reelected mayors in municipal elections, accounting for 37% of all municipal executive seats. What factors contributed to these candidates' reelection? How did the parties of the reelected mayors organize themselves in the municipalities they ran in? What coalition strategies were employed? This study aims to analyze the party organization and coalitions established by the reelected mayors in Brazil in the 2020 municipal election. The central argument is that the way a party organizes itself in a municipality, combined with the chosen coalition strategy, positively influences the performance of mayoral candidates, leading to their reelection. To carry out this study, a literature review was conducted to understand how the topic is discussed in the academic setting. The data used pertains to the candidates for reelection of the municipal executive in 2020, sourced from the TSE website, processed using quantitative research techniques, employing descriptive statistics, and generalized linear models (GLMs). The primary indicators considered were the type of party organization (directory or provisional committee), the coalition strategy used by the parties, and the size of the contested electorate. The electoral coalitions of the mayors reelected in 2020 were analyzed in comparison with the coalitions formed in 2016 to identify shifts in candidates' behavior concerning their allies. The results indicated that candidates from directory-type party organizations had a 53.5% higher chance of being reelected compared to candidates who ran for reelection in provisional committee-type organizations. More extensive coalitions showed a higher likelihood of reelection, equivalent to a 20% increase for each party making up the coalition in the analyzed scenario. Municipalities with a larger electorate showed about a 2% lower chance of reelection for every thousand voters.
Cuidados paliativos na clínica da infância: histórias de terapeutas ocupacionais que trabalham com o Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Lino, Eduardo Augusto
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Saciloti, Isabelle Paris
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Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7719481657895650
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3700-397X
Palliative care (PC) is the set of practices capable of providing improvement in the quality of life of the individual who faces a disease that threatens the continuity of life, as well as their family members, providing support in the emotional, social , spiritual, through multidisciplinary teams. PC with children imposes challenges in the face of all the complexity that involves facing diseases that threaten their lives, and processes of finitude and culturally situated mourning. Working in a complex scenario, such as PC, requires professionals to acquire knowledge, and reflection on practice is essential. Thus, this qualitative research used semi-structured interviews, transcribed and analyzed thematically, with four occupational therapists who work with the MTOD and who worked in the context of PC with children. The results of data analysis revealed four central themes: 1. Understanding the practice of occupational therapy in the MTOD in PC with children: the focus on the situation; 2. Occupational therapy care in the MTOD: expanding health possibilities and spaces; 3. The indissociability in personal-professional development: thinking about processes of finitude and taking care of the finitude of life and 4. Difficulties, challenges and facilities for working in PC. Such results provide guidance on elements of practice that require professional learning centered on the situation and based on occupation, considering that the MTOD promotes care that unfolds from dynamic movements between the occupational therapist, the target person and the activities that are called to compose the relationship based on needs and desires. It is expected to contribute both to a better understanding of occupational therapy care in PC in the childhood clinic, and to the discussion about learning professional practice in this context.
Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants through peroxymonosulfate activation: photocatalysts and reaction mechanisms
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Silva, Roberta Resende Maciel da
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Nogueira, Francisco Guilherme Esteves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8117497993539795
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
Water pollution from organic compounds has become a growing concern worldwide due to the risks imposed on human health and the environment. The rapid advancements in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries have certainly improved our quality of life; however, the uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals and pesticides into water bodies has become a serious problem. Even in small quantities, these pollutants have a detrimental impact on human health and pose a threat to the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop technologies that can efficiently remove these pollutants from wastewater. To address this problem, this thesis work focused on exploring the potential of two novel approaches based on the photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for application in the remediation of water contaminated with organic compounds. In an attempt to develop cost-effective processes for industrial applications, the Co3O4 photocatalyst was applied to capture solar light to activate PMS for the degradation of the pesticide imidacloprid (IMD) in a continuous flow reactor. Under optimized conditions, 99% IMD photodegradation was achieved after two hours of operation. The outstanding performance of the Co3O4/PMS/solar irradiation process was attributed to the synergistic activation of PMS by Co2+ and Co3+ species in the Co3O4 catalyst and the ultraviolet (UV) component of solar irradiation, in either the homogeneous phase or after PMS adsorption onto Co3O4. It was found that the degradation mechanism of IMD in the Co3O4/PMS/solar irradiation system involved the formation of different oxidative reactive species (1O2, O2●−, and SO4●−), which were responsible for the oxidation of the pesticide. In a second approach, the g-C3N4/NiFe2O4 heterostructure was used to activate PMS under visible light (VL), for application in the degradation of a simulated wastewater containing tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) as a model molecule of an organic pollutant. The photocatalytic tests revealed that the NiFe2O4/g-C3N4/PMS/VL system was successful in removing TCH over a wide pH range and in the presence of different anions commonly found in wastewaters. The superior degradation performance observed for the composite, compared to the pure oxides, was attributed to the synergism between heterojunction photocatalysis and PMS activation, generating the highly oxidizing 1O2, O2●−, and HO● species, responsible for effective degradation of TCH. Besides the fast kinetics, it also should be highlighted that the magnetic properties of the heterostructure facilitated separation of the photocatalyst for the purpose of reuse.
Habitar fronteiras: transbordamentos da preceptoria nos processos de formação de Residências na Saúde Mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-06-30)
Moura, Aline Silva de
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Ferigato, Sabrina Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3248396158325409
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-7225
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1802598771589178
The Multidisciplinary Residencies in Mental Health are training courses in/for the SUS (Unified Health System) that invest in proposing theoretical-practical experiences that allow residents to build meanings in the different scenarios of the Psychosocial Care Network. The preceptor, in this context, is linked to teaching and service institutions and has the obligation to directly monitor the practical activities carried out by residents in the field. The practice of preceptorship in health education, more specifically, in the practice scenarios of multidisciplinary residencies in mental health, is the object of this study. The overall objective is to analyze preceptorship practices in professional training processes in mental health, based on the experience of preceptors linked to Multiprofessional Residency Programs in Mental Health. As specific objectives we have: to characterize the professionals who act as preceptors in Multidisciplinary Residency programs in Mental Health; identify and analyze the educational strategies used for the practice of preceptorship and their articulations with public mental health policies; identify specificities, potentialities and challenges faced in training in mental health. We start from a research with a qualitative approach, taking cartography as a reference. The techniques used to record the data were: mapping of residency programs and literature; application of an online questionnaire (with the participation of 53 respondents) and the performance of a virtual group interview, with preceptors of mental health programs who participated in the stage of filling out the questionnaire (with the participation of 7 preceptors). Participants in both stages came from different locations and professional categories. The research diary was used as an instrument for recording and reflecting on the researcher. As a result, three dimensions emerged in the course of the research, addressing the inhabiting frontiers of/in the practice of preceptorship in mental health: 1) Inhabiting the world of work; where we will address the dimension of work in health and mental health care 2) Inhabit the world of education, where we will address the educational and pedagogical dimension of preceptorship and 3) Inhabit the world of residence, dimension in which we identify the emergence of practices of/in preceptorship, through the characters: preceptor-balancer; preceptor-intercessor and preceptor-cartographer. It is concluded that preceptorship in mental health, although it presents objective and subjective dimensions similar to preceptorship practices in different fields, retains specific aspects related to expanding the understanding of the health-disease-intervention process and focusing on critical and sensitive training in the field of health, madness, and society. Through pedagogical practices that consider these aspects, it is possible to strengthen care, interprofessional teamwork, and anti-asylum practices. The preceptors also recognized the importance of promoting care and attention to the mental health of residents during the training process, creating a supportive and welcoming environment. It is understood, therefore, that training in mental health care also implies training for self-care.