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Bioatividade da semente de abacate (Persea americana Mill) sobre Atta sexdens Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-18) Zanini, Juliana Keppe; Prado, Jeanne Scardini Marinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8742593129238690; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1638-3224; Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7560170679369626; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-6591
Leaf-cutting ants are insects of great agricultural importance due to their harmful attack on different production systems, resulting in large economic and production losses. Currently, the use of chemicals to control these insects is the most used method, however, this has been associated with various environmental and human damages. Faced with the need for new alternatives with less environmental impact, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of avocado seed oil to control leaf-cutting ants. Oil extraction was carried out at the Contaminant Waste Laboratory – LRC (Embrapa Meio Ambiente), using soxhlet-type extractor devices, using hexane as a solvent. For the topical tests, 180 Atta sexdens workers were collected and used five different volumes of oil and a control treatment: control 0.5 μL (distilled water), V1 - 0.25; V2 - 0.5; V3 - 0.75; V4 - 1.0 and V5 - 2.0μL. The oil was applied topically on the workers' pronotum, which were then individualized and kept in BOD at 24 ± 2°C. The evaluations occurred every 24 hours, for eight days. In the evaluation of topical toxicity, for both tests, mortality rates were higher in the first days after application of the oil, but the results referring to the second topical test were more promising concerning the first test. This factor may be due to the higher proportion of linoleic acid present in the oil from the second extraction, which was used in the second topical test. The accumulated mortality of the control treatments was high in both tests and for this reason, further studies are needed to explain such results. The different volumes evaluated did not present significant differences among themselves, only for the control treatment. From the chemical analysis of the oil, performed by the GC-MS and GC-FID method, several non-saponifiable and saponifiable compounds were identified, among them linoleic, palmitic, oleic, alpha-linoleic and myristic fatty acids. Linoleic acid showed a higher proportion in both oil samples, being the compound most commonly associated with the observed insecticidal activities. Regarding the subcolonies, 30 pellets were offered per treatment: control pellets (without oil) and pellets containing 0.5 μL of avocado seed oil, totaling eight repetitions and 120 pellets each. The evaluation of the number of dead workers and the loading of baits occurred every 24 hours, for six days. The number of pellets containing the oil carried by the workers was low, however, it was possible to observe a higher mortality in the control treatment.
Onde "Falha a fala. Fala a bala": discursos da violência no romance Cidade de Deus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-18) Vieira, Ricardo Loiola; Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019513394358070; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1492-4891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457446348246092; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0045-2883
Supported by the theoretical framework of Discourse Analysis, starting from the Foucaultian discursive studies, this dissertation aims to investigate the effects of meaning provoked by the discourses of violence in Cidade de Deus (2002), a novel by Paulo Lins. For that, we take as a starting point its second version – adaptation to the work, first, from 1997. We analyzed, in this way, 30 utterances extracted from passages of the book, with a view to recognizing, in this version, the installation and maintenance of discursive events of violence in the lives of subjects from the periphery. As a hypothesis, it is guided by the fact that Cidade de Deus, as a historical/documentary/literary record − since the author comes from the periphery − proposes an analysis of the way in which criminality is placed in the space of the favela and, in addition, discusses questions about cultural life there. Against the order of violence and criminality of the poor space, where the absence of the State prevails, a poetry that resists is present, a record of the beats between poetic and literary discourses from a perspective, and raw discourses − of violent reality – for another. To prove this intent, we resorted to Foucault's theoretical contribution, therefore, it is possible to place the research from three assumptions: discursive formation, utterance and subject. Therefore, possible dialogues are created, seeking, therefore, a theoretical-methodological delimitation that could contribute to the field of discourse studies. Thus, having discursiveness as an analysis tool, it would be possible to verify the mechanisms operated in the construction of narrative making, which encompasses cultural, ideological and social issues, as well as linguistic and literary ones. It also invests in its repercussions on other levels, whether cultural and/or historical-social. Through the discursive functioning of violence in the favela, we work the emergence of a peripheral voice that constitutes itself as a discursive event. That said, we think the author's constitution, the writer Paulo Lins, in the subject of discourse.