Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-07-24"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 5513

Vínculos transitórios: psicoterapia on line na sociedade pandêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-24)
Vasques, Juliana Pereira Damasceno
;
Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-1883
;
Leite, Kelen Christina
The new coronavirus pandemic has transformed habits across society around the world. As a result, technologies played a fundamental role in the most sensitive changes, re-signifying customs and professional routines, in social and consumer relations - and even in apparently immutable conventions. This exploratory project deals with the increase in online psychological and psychotherapeutic follow-up services and their immense demand in this unprecedented condition. A year and a few months after the declaration of the pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), however, the practice not only seems far from being ended, but can still be improved, with the emergence of a series of electronic service platforms, each more and more possible resources for the establishment of the so-called home-office and a delicate search - and increasingly critical - of subjects in the process of psychic illness, in addition to solutions as fast as the bytes and megs exchanged in minutes of consultation. How, therefore, is the question of the concept of work aligned with the production of meanings and subjectivities of the subjects, in this new format? Through the "snowball" method, which uses reference chains, we propose a qualitative, exploratory study with psychology workers, and a more in-depth analysis of this historical period, in a cut and a look more aimed at professionals, their needs and anxieties, faced with unprecedented personal and professional dilemmas.
A relação do professor com o saber no ensino remoto mediado pelas novas tecnologias digitais: a formabilidade do sujeito biográfico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Rodrigues, Fabiana da Silva Santos
;
Silva, Flávio Caetano da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391841502170976
Due to the suspension of classes in 2020 by virtue of the Covid-19 pandemic, many teachers, including those working in Basic Education, were compelled to carry on with classes while deprived of school premises. Emergency remote teaching were the alternative chosen to continue the school year, demanding, to a certain extent, the use of new digital technologies to aid pedagogical practices and communication with students and parents. In this context, this study had the general objective of analyzing and comprehending the teacher’s relationship to knowledge with new digital technologies used due to the suspension of in-person classes and the adoption of distance learning. Our research was underpinned by two theoretical perspectives: Bernard Charlot’s theory of relationship to knowledge and Delory-Momberger’s theory of biographization, both being used as research tools and for data analysis. With regards to the methodology employed in the development of this study, we opted for qualitative biographical research interviews, based on the works of Delory-Momberger, which stand out for addressing the relationship between life, school, the formative process and self-education. Being developed from a perspective that looks at life stories, five early childhood educators working for the public sector in the city of Hortolândia - SP, Brazil, were interviewed. Educational research, on the other hand, brings us relevant contributions about the teacher’s knowledge, who reaches the core of the relationship to knowledge, while also pointing to other aspects of human life. From this point of view, the results point to a relationship between the teacher’s knowledge and the domain of various education actors during this period of emergency remote teaching. The biographical narratives of the teachers interviewed in this dissertation, inscribed in the dynamic of a personal project, reveal reflection and action through experience, shedding light on the concepts of reflective narratives and the formation of the biographical subject. Lastly, the theoretical perspectives about relationship to knowledge and biographization that guided this study raise elements that can contribute to new ways of thinking about education, paving the way for the advent of the Other School.
Ligas beta Ti-Nb-Zr(-Ta-Mo) multiprincipais com baixo módulo de elasticidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo dos
;
Contieri, Rodrigo José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5491429306264177
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-2059
;
Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
The use of Ti-6Al-4V alloy as a biomaterial is more convenient among Ti alloys, as it is produced on a larger scale due to aeronautical applications. However, it is known that Ti-6Al-4V alloy can be harmful to the patient’s health (due to the toxicity of Al and V) and it does not have the most adequate properties. Biomaterials’ scientific and technological development becomes necessary, especially those with application in orthopedics, once there is an increase in life expectancy. The metallic alloys currently used in Brazil have a modulus of elasticity (E) much higher than that of human bone (E = 10 to 30 GPa), such as steel (200 GPa), Co-Cr Alloys (220 GPa), Ti -6Al-4V (110 GPa) and, therefore, the search for alloys with better mechanical and chemical biocompatibility is necessary. The β-Ti (CCC) alloys show good mechanical (elasticity modulus, E = 44 to 80 GPa) and chemical (good corrosion resistance) biocompatibility. At present, the development of multicomponent, equimass, stable β-Ti alloys with medium and high entropy of the systems Ti-33Nb-33Zr, Ti-25Nb-25Zr-25Ta, Ti- 20Nb-20Zr-20Ta-20Mo (% weight ), in addition to alloys from the Ti-40Nb-xZr system with high Zr fractions and based on electronic parameters Bo and Md seeking an optimal value of modulus of elasticity (between 40 and 60 GPa). For the Ti-Nb-Zr ternary system, the new βTAP ratio (ternary alloy parameter) was determined and the higher its value, the lower the alloy’s modulus of elasticity. The Ti-40Nb-40Zr alloy showed the lowest modulus of elasticity (E = 42 GPa) in the rolled condition. The Ti-25Nb-25Zr-25Ta alloy showed better results in biological tests (adhesion and cell viability assay), and better combination of low modulus (E = 70 GPa) and high mechanical strength, making it possible to reconcile these properties in β multicomponent.
O uso e ocupação da terra e as águas subterrâneas: análise do perigo de contaminação, aplicando os métodos GOD e POSH no Aquífero Tubarão, município de Itu / SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Fritzen, Moacir
;
Arruda, Emerson Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-3850
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0850731328300288
The exploitation of groundwater in Brazil ensures water security for millions of people and the various residues discarded by man, coupled with lack of proper planning, have been compromising the quality of these waters. The respective work analyzed the society-nature relationship according to the use and occupation of the land and its impacts on the quality of the groundwater. The study area was delimited by the portion of the Tubarão Aquifer situated in the Municipality of Itu / SP. The city suffers with constant hydric crises and the underground water becomes an important resource for the complementation of the public supply. Regarding the methodological aspects, it was accomplished firstly a bibliographical revision in the intention of having a safe base on the thematic that involves the underground water dynamics, as well as aspects that involve or affect its quality. The GOD method was also used to analyze the natural vulnerability of the aquifer and the POSH method was used to analyze the potential contaminant loads, diffuse or punctual, in the study area. Subsequently, a study of the contamination danger to the Tubarão Aquifer in Itu / SP was carried out, starting with the land use and occupation analysis, with the making of the map of the potential contaminant loads, in superposition to the natural vulnerability map of the aquifer, thus defining the respective danger levels for the studied area. Field observations were made in order to empirically verify the danger areas of contamination, relevant to the present study. With the application of the methods and relevant analyses, the natural vulnerability was classified as low to high vulnerability, the potential contaminant loads were classified as low to high, and the hazard levels of contamination ranged from very low to high. The factors that influenced these results were also identified, thus identifying the human activities with the highest probability of negative impacts on the aquifer.
Aprendentes de educação física escolar na experiência do ateliê biográfico de projeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Cambiaghi, Rodrigo
;
Silva, Flávio Caetano da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-8229
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2335720740356546
This research had the general objective of investigating the perceptions of Physical Education teachers to identify knowledge in the use of PBW procedures in the overall training process, using educational devices that can adapt the proposal already designed for adults undergoing training procedures, also for students in the fifth year (5th) who are from the public network in the elementary school stage, initial years, in PECC classes. The research methodology was based on epistemological and methodological foundations that recognize the biographical fact, as an essence in relations with knowledge and the dimension of temporality, and the subject who, through his experiences and the specificities of biographical research in education, actions and procedures that organize singular knowledge and its form of socialization, contributed to investigating the Project Biographical Workshop as a training procedure in this field of knowledge. To achieve the methodological objectives of the research, biographical research was adopted, within qualitative characteristics, with collection of verbal materials through a biographical interview of the training narrative type with a CCSPE teacher and analysis of these materials using a reading model and interpretations, everything, described by the field of biographical research in education, based on Delory-Momberger. The results obtained, the actions and procedures, which organize singular knowledge and its form of socialization, validated the PBW as a possible training procedure for this field of knowledge, viable to found a tripod within this relationship, biography and education, between process of biography and training processes. Even pointing to a reduced number of academic publications, aimed at students in the 5th year of the public network in the initial elementary education stage in our country, the PBW was perceived as a procedure capable of balancing knowledge and even overcoming part of the of the training procedures offered today. Much of this was due to the theories investigated, as they opened up spaces for speaking with the world, exposing a form of active listening, with an accessible language, giving clues to the way of being that may be constituting this learning subject and his subjective knowledge, those that produced meaning for the teacher in Physical Education classes.
Uma nova estratégia de transferência de aprendizado profundo visando o diagnóstico de condições e doenças relacionadas aos olhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Aranha, Gabriel Diego de Aguiar
;
Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6366433842639308
Data from the World Health Organization indicate that billions of cases of visual impairment could be avoided, mainly with regular examinations. However, the absence of specialists in basic health units has resulted in a lack of accurate diagnosis of systemic or asymptomatic eye diseases, increasing cases of blindness. In this context, the present thesis proposes a set of convolutional neural networks, which were submitted to a transfer learning process originating from 38,727 high-quality ocular fundus images, to improve the inference of 7,850 low-quality images acquired by low-cost equipment. Public databases such as Eyepacs, Messidor-2, REFUGE, and ODIR were also used for the validation of the proposed architecture in the ocular conditions of referable diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataract, achieving AUC results of 0.951 and 0.953 and accuracies of 99.6% and 99.3%, respectively. From low-quality images, the proposed approach achieved accuracies of 87.4%, 90.8%, 87.5%, and 79.1% for classifying cataract, referable diabetic retinopathy, abnormal excavation, and abnormal blood vessels, respectively. Thus, the proposed approach contributes to advancing the state-of-the-art in terms of: (i) validating the proposed transfer learning strategy, recognizing related ocular conditions and diseases in low-quality images; (ii) using high-quality images obtained by high-cost equipment only for training the predictive models; (iii) achieving results comparable to the state of the art, even using low-quality images. In addition to the fact that the deep transfer learning strategy is more suitable and feasible for application by public health systems in emerging and developing countries, the present thesis also proposes a system for providing Grad-CAM images of pathological predictions with values above 75% to support the decision-making process.
Explorando a síntese de ítrio-alumínio-granada - YAG: uma cerâmica transparente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-25)
Cruz, Igor Barbosa
;
Perfecto, Tarcísio Micheli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919111116514686
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-7362
;
Leite, Edson Roberto
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a transparent ceramic with a cubic crystalline structure that has highly relevant technological applications. When doped, it is used as a solid-state laser and X-ray scintillator. In this work, our aim is to produce and apply it as an X-ray sensor in Sirius. Its synthesis is carried out using the coprecipitation method, involving solutions of aluminum nitrate (III) and yttrium nitrate (III) in a basic medium of ammonium bicarbonate in deionized water (pH ~ 8). This process yields a precursor that will be calcined in a furnace at temperatures between 900 1100 °C for one hour, promoting a solid-state reaction to form YAG. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), when the precursor was calcined at 900 °C, the data demonstrated a phase mixture (YAlO3 - YAP and Y3Al5O12 - YAG), which did not occur when the temperature of 1100 °C was used. Microscopy analysis provided information about particle size and morphology, revealing particles with an average size of approximately 43 nm and necked like structures at a temperature of 1100 °C. However, upon analyzing the XRD data of the produced pellet and indexing the peaks, the presence of α-Al2O3 (corundum alumina) as a secondary phase was observed. Further investigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed for the identification of this secondary phase, which was subsequently confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the calcined powder, showing the presence of alumina on the powder surface. The next steps involve studying the synthesis parameters to achieve the production of pure YAG powder, followed by the intention to dope it with Cerium for use as an X-ray scintillator in Sirius.
Detecção de postes de iluminação pública acesos por meio de processamento de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Cintrão, Lucas Gonçalves
;
Barcellos, Robson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9844506370403162
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-4825
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9495223092425378
In this project, a image processing algorithm was developed to help public lighting managers detect problems in the lighting system of the counties. Nowadays, many cities do not have efficient ways to detect light poles workin improperly, such as mantaining the lights on during the day. This type of problem results in unnecessary electric energy consumption and shortening lifespan of equipments
A rotina de estudos de dois alunos com deficiência intelectual no contexto do ensino remoto emergencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Costa, Samara Cristina Ferreira da
;
Orlando, Rosimeire Maria
;
ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4254571422608459
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-6146
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4008383486624190
In times of social distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to reflect on the living conditions of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the possible impacts on their schooling. The work has the general objective of identifying and analyzing the study routine of students with ID, enrolled in elementary school II, during the period of 2020, context of remote teaching. The specific objectives are: (a) Mapping the socioeconomic and schooling profile of the family of students with ID enrolled in elementary school II; (b) describe the organization of the study routine, from the perspective of students with ID and their guardians, during remote teaching, in the period of 2020; (c) Investigate the teaching materials, supports and aids used during remote teaching for students with ID from the perspective of the family and the teacher. Data collection took place in person, following ethical procedures in necessary research. Data were collected through interviews with two students with ID, their two guardians and two teachers, totaling six interviews. From the results of this dissertation, we verified: minimization of school contents; lack of curricular adaptations; professors working without the necessary conditions and without any type of training to carry out the work effectively; impaired teaching strategies. In this, we understand that the families of people with disabilities and the people with disabilities themselves find themselves on the sidelines, without support for the necessary learning developments. Soon, the pandemic widened existing inequalities in the country, especially for students with disabilities.
Desenvolvimento de compósitos de polímero ionomérico e metal baseados em poli(éter-éter-cetona) sulfonados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Blanco, Guilherme Eduardo de Oliveira
;
Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-0213
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1867927586194456
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are smart and bio-inspired materials that have a metal/polymer/metal sandwich structure. These are capable of deforming in response to electrical stimuli and vice versa, being promising in several applications, such as actuators, sensors, artificial muscles, and robotics. The ionomeric polymer most used for these purposes is Nafion®. However, this has a high cost, low water holding capacity, low performance at high temperatures, and is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, the development of alternative membranes is sought, among them, those based on sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone) (SPEEK). The insertion of sulfonic groups aims to add polar groups that make it hydrophilic and enable the ionic conduction required for these devices. Within this context, this work sought to analyze the viability of this polymer with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) and its use as IPMC. FTIR assays confirmed the successful insertion of sulfonic groups post-sulfonated, obtaining DS of 44, 72 and 91%. Electrochemical, electromechanical and water absorption kinetics tests were conducted. The main results indicate that the alternative IPMCs presented comparable performance and in some cases superior to Nafion®. It was observed that the increase in the degree of sulfonation was favorable to the electromechanical performance, with an increase in displacement values and displacement rate. The use of ionic liquid in conjunction with SPEEK was also analyzed, which presented favorable electromechanical sensing results, and these presented the ability to detect different trajectories and imposed speeds, reaching a sensing capacity of up to 1000 times greater than Nafion ®. Therefore, it was concluded that SPEEK-based IPMCs can potentially replace Nafion® and represent a lower-cost alternative.
Diretividade em Português brasileiro: formas, funções e usos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Masetto Nicolai, Yan
;
von Fintel, Kai
;
Conde, Dirceu Cleber
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2630773088169073
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-5861
The present thesis focuses on analyzing, through the formal apparatus of Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics, the imperatives in Brazilian Portuguese and their characteristics, providing a description of the object regarding its structure - the syntactic hierarchy of functional nodes for φ-feature valuation, its semantic meaning, and the speaker-listener relationship, as well as the pragmatic interpretive path of directivity in Brazilian Portuguese. To achieve this, the present work unfolds into two sections: the first section deals with imperative sentences using Syntactic Cartography (CINQUE, 1999), and for the present purpose, there is a need to value the features of irrealis, futurity, and directivity in their respective nodes - MoodIrrealisP, AspectProximativeP, and MoodSpeechActP. Ultimately, we raise the issue of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) not belonging to the class of True Imperative (RIVERO; TERZI, 1995), proposing two higher structures: for cases like BP, the functional node is ForceP; for languages of the other type - such as Spanish - ImperativeP is employed. In the syntactic domain, we also discuss the presence of expressed subjects from an interlinguistic perspective, comparing with German and Spanish, as well as the limits of the indexical element being preferable in expressed uses. In the semantic part, we explore several approaches - Modal Theory (KAUFMANN, 2014), Performativity Theory (CONDORAVDI; LAUER, 2012), and Property Theory (PORTNER, 2004). The proposal adopted by the thesis is the Property theory, with adaptations - the speaker's wishes update the addressee's doings - through the typical engagement of imperatives. In this regard, the addressee's set of actions is updated, so that the interpretive process becomes Speaker Wishlist ≫ Addressee's To-Do-List (SWL ≫ AdTDL). In the pragmatic field, we argue in favor of a robust contextual selection, requiring the addressee to exist and be able to execute the action immediately after the utterance - or immediately following any stated temporal marker accompanying the imperative. The relevance of this Contextual Engagement Condition is that it does not apply to just any listener who hears an imperative but always to an intended audience. Furthermore, in this part, we analyze the phenomenon of the immediacy of directivity, which we refer to as the As-Soon-As-Possible interpretation, and as demonstrated in the end, it is a particularized implicature for each directive use, following all the principles and implicature rules. In Block II, the thesis focuses on forms other than imperatives to analyze and describe the phenomenon of directivity in utterances containing infinitives, gerunds, and participles, as well as the discussion of indirect requests through questions and the conditions in which Good/Bad Wishes are not directives. Thus, the thesis is divided to understand the phenomenon of directive force in Brazilian Portuguese with its various representations and forms, considering the configurations, rules, and limitations of each, as well as contextual issues. Finally, we bring together the blocks to conclude the characteristic features of directivity in the object language of the thesis, in order to draw parallels and indicate future scientific steps.
Desenvolvimento de Membranas de Matriz Mista baseadas em argilominerais e polímeros condutores para tratamento de água potável e de reuso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-26)
Paulo, Maria Antônia Rodrigues de
;
Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9190384952740197
DEVELOPMENT OF MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES BASED ON CLAY MINERALS AND CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND REUSE. The imbalance between the demand and supply of drinking water for the population has placed a persistent strain on the available water resources. Given this scenario, water treatment and the development of innovative technologies that maximize the purification of effluents has been a highlight of research . In this context, polymeric membranes have been in evidence due to their versatility, efficiency and economy. However, there is a limitation in the use of this material, which is the formation of fouling. In order to solve this limitation, this project proposed the development of Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMM) with conductive characteristics. Since changes in the electrical nature of the surface of the membranes (electrostatic forces) which can repel the fouling agents. The membranes were obtained by the phase inversion method from the combination of polyethersulfone (PES) and the conductive polymer (Pani). For the study of antifouling activity, the membranes were immersed in a bovine albumin serum so lution and left for 24 hours in agitation then they were exposed to an anionic solution for albumin desorption. The membrane with the best antifouling activity was the one that contained 0.2% Pani, so this was selected for the continuation of the project. The Pani concentration was fixed, and new membranes were produced with silanized sepiolite (Sep). Sepiolite was incorporated into the membrane PES Pani to analyze the complementary influence of a nanoparticle on the antifouling capacity in conjunction wit h Pani . MMM's containing 0.2% Pani and varying the Sep concentration had an increase in hydrophilicity and in the degree of swelling, consequently an increase in the contact angle was seen for this material. Furthermore, the synergy of this material result ed in an increase in the conductivity of the membranes. The membrane containing 0.2% Pani and 1% Sep had the best antifouling result with a protein elimination of around 99.76%.
Viabilidade econômica de sistemas fotovoltaicos residenciais de microgeração distribuída de energia solar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-27)
Ferreira, Leonardo Hirata
;
Bragagnolo, Cassiano
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3604206454925741
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-3791
This paper discusses the economic viability of a residential photovoltaic system for distributed microgeneration, its importance as a sustainable energy source, and its potential impact on household expenses. The current context of solar energy is presented with a focus on recent developments in distributed generation. Additionally, this paper presents and discusses the solar energy market and prospects, considering the implementation of the Legal Framework for Micro and Minigeneration (LFMM) through Law 14,300/2022. Furthermore, this study encompasses an analysis of the financial attractiveness of installing grid-connected photovoltaic systems, considering various relevant factors such as local solar incidence, equipment, and installation costs, as well as the cost of energy supplied by distribution companies. Widely recognized financial indicators, including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), were used. The findings emphasize the significance of residential photovoltaic systems in reducing household energy expenses and promoting clean and sustainable energy sources.
A identidade dos Institutos Federais de Educação: o velho resiste em morrer e o novo não consegue nascer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-27)
Rocha, João Antonio
;
Nosella, Paolo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2615517527546046
The Federal Institutes of Education Science and Technology are part of a process of reordering and reconfiguring professional education, initiated by President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva after the sanction of Decree No. 5,154/2004, replacing that of No. 2,208/1997, previously sanctioned by former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. This thesis, based on a theoretical-critical analysis of the policy for professional education that permeated the Lula/Dilma governments (2003-2016), has as its main objective to investigate and analyze the process of construction of the identity of the Federal Institutes from the understanding of their political-pedagogical dilemmas. With regard to the theoretical methodological procedure, initially, it was sought to elaborate a study on the trajectory of the network of federal technical schools in Brazil, based on the documents, guidelines and legislation that guided the conception of creation of the Federal Institutes. Then, through a bibliographic review associated with the analysis of documentary sources and legal documents, this research aimed to understand the plot that hides behind the educational policies that historically direct the poorest young people to vocational high school. It was found, therefore, that, in order to better understand the faces of the crisis of the Federal Institutes, it is pertinent to identify the dilemmas that have guided the (in) political-pedagogical decisions of the new institutionality of the Federal Institutes.
A questão da disciplina na escola: percepções dos estudantes do 5º ano no ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28)
Tomasella, Simone Fernanda Teixeira
;
Gomes, Luiz Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3596863218865303
The foundation of modern education, as it was described by Enlightenment ideals, gives man the condition to think for himself. The pedagogy, which emerges from this context, has as its purpose the formation of the subject's moral autonomy. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an illustrious German philosopher recognized as one of the main representatives of the intellectual movement known as Enlightenment. Among his contributions in various areas of philosophy, Kant also showed great concern with the educational issues of his time, placing us in front of one of the biggest problems of education, which is the possibility of reconciling subjugation to the coercion of laws with the ability to serve freedom. Undoubtedly, this problem remains an important challenge in the field of education. In the contemporary analysis of Adorno and Horkheimer, the Enlightenment Reason, developed by the bourgeoisie at the beginning of the modern era, overshadowed the dream of an emancipatory freedom. Given its contributions to thinking about education today, this research aims to analyze the students' perception of discipline at school, in order to promote a discussion about the relationship between discipline, authority and freedom in the current school context from the perspective of positioning of 5th grade students in Elementary School. The research proposes an empirical study with a mixed approach of a qualitative and quantitative nature, having bibliographic research and field research as a methodological reference, with the application of a form involving items from a Likert-type scale containing statements about the discipline, in view of to analyze the level of agreement and frequency attributed by students of the 5th year of Elementary School, to the affirmations of these attitudes. It is imperative, therefore, to take a look at the student who attends school today. In this sense, it is important to articulate these aspects with the studies of some contemporary theorists who think about the current school and discuss the relationship of the discipline linked to the mechanisms of control, didactics, violence, domestication, authoritarianism, moralism, among other coercive practices to deal with the problem of discipline, thus seeking to understand the formation process of the moral autonomy of human beings.
A educação ambiental como ferramenta de conscientização no contexto da crise hídrica: um mapeamento preciso de necessidades, desnecessidades e direcionamento sustentável em um bairro do município de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28)
Silva, Daizi
;
Santos, Mariana dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3185238960982642
;
Neves, Gilmar Perbiche
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7499230397814853
This study aims to use Environmental Education (EE) as a tool for raising awareness in the context of the water crisis, by producing a detailed mapping of the needs and lack of needs in a neighborhood in the city of São Carlos-SP. The purpose is to guide individuals to adopt more sustainable practices, investigate the main causes of water waste and analyze the resulting environmental impacts, highlighting the relevance of the problem. The research collected data on waste and water management, which were analyzed with the aim of contributing to minimizing the impacts generated by the normalization of existing behaviors. The study is based on the historical trajectory of the topic, which demonstrates the need to reduce waste and promote citizenship through actions that contribute to the formation of conscious and critical citizens, capable of developing social values and resources for current and future generations. In this sense, EE presents itself as a fundamental tool for understanding the interactions between society, education and the environment. The concepts presented in the study are based on the understanding of exploratory data analyzed in light of the information and assumptions studied. The instrument used for data collection was semi-structured interviews, in which 30 individuals were interviewed, divided into three categories: university students (A), traders (B) and non-university students (C). The research adopted an exploratory and descriptive approach to understand the discrepancy in the data and explore EE as an instrument that contributes to minimizing the consequences resulting from human activities. The results of the research point to the challenge of raising awareness among the population about the importance of saving water, since a significant proportion of the interviewees consume an amount above the average recommended by the UN. However, it was possible to identify that some of the interviewees already adopt sustainable practices, such as water reuse, indicating the existence of a potential for the adoption of more sustainable practices. This information can be used to develop educational projects and to promote changes in habits in favor of the rational use of water.
Saberes sobre as práticas de caça no quilombo Pedro Cubas, Vale do Ribeira, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28)
Olegário, Manoela
;
Prado, Helbert Medeiros
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7266995448306223
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-317X
;
Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert
Traditional communities are constantly harmed by the western common sense regarding their subsistence activities and wildlife conservation. Guided by the myth of the "Untouched Nature," they disregard the presence, importance, and participation of these communities in restoration projects and the demarcation of protected areas. Since they are embedded in these contexts, they have a close relationship with biodiversity, offering a perspective rich in ecological knowledge and congruent with academic views. This dissertation conducted unstructured interviews with twelve residents from the communities of Pedro Cubas and Pedro Cubas de Cima (Vale do Ribeira - SP) in the second half of 2021 and the first half of 2022, along with participative observation. The objective was to present the narratives of hunting and fishing and the intrinsic ecological knowledge as fundamental and complementary to wildlife conservation projects. The interviewees were divided into three categories: those who hunt, those who used to hunt but don't anymore, and those who have never hunted. This allowed for a discussion on the inherent knowledge in hunting narratives, the difficulties and challenges of engaging in hunting activities nowadays, as well as the impact of urbanization on the younger generations, which distances them from hunting and other local subsistence activities. Even with the presence of remaining Quilombola populations in Conservation Units, there are still significant discussions about their permanence and importance in wildlife conservation. As a trigger for future projects, the concept of "companion species" was introduced in the results. This work discusses hunting not only as a source of food but also as an element of culture and medicine and its implications in relationships with existing diversity.
Muzambo – palavra brasa dormida: um acidente geo-étnico-econômico soprado na infovia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28)
Magalhães, Luiz Rodolfo
;
Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Varoni de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0019513394358070
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6281592006376920
ABSTRACT The production of the documentary The story with no suit and no tie (2021), about the origins of Muzambinho (a Minas Gerais’ town, in Brazil) made by female teachers of the Public School System, is the discursive event that opens a perspective of archegenealogical analysis, based on Foucauldian Discourse Analysis. It intends to perceive many silences about the quilombola’s origin of the town, presented in historical narratives. Thus, it is studied a book from the period of the New State (Estado Novo), Muzambinho, its history and its people, in order to consider the ruptures that occur between three historical frames (18th, 19th-20th centuries and contemporary/waterway, railroad and infoway/cold, elusive and fertile places), as well as the power relations that operate in this time. It concerns a path through which one can demonstrate how, in each of those frames, certain statements can emerge instead of others in their place, as well as certain regimes of memory can be produced instead of others in their place. In other words, a route departs from the documentary in order to excavate the historical dimension that sustains its irruption: the quilombola’s origin of the town-hygienist erasure of blackness-memory resistance, as a sleeping ember that is lit when the event emerges.
Uso de elementos finitos estendidos para a modelagem computacional da fratura de material refratário submetido ao método da cunha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28)
Mendonça, Guilherme da Cunha
;
Sciuti, Vinicius Fiocco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230261917656691
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-3189
;
Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
Fracture mechanics must be considered in the structural design of ceramic components, especially for refractory materials that are commonly susceptible to cracking due to high temperature variations in their applications. The fracture of refractories can be analyzed through mechanical tests, among them the wedge splitting test (WST), which allows for stable crack growth even in brittle materials. This test was initially proposed to measure the fracture energy of the test specimen, but the crack propagation path can also be analyzed based on field measurements. With a computational simulation, we can estimate crack propagation, provided that the intrinsic parameters of the model are identified and validated with the help of experiments. The X-FEM (eXtended Finite Element Method), available in the software AbaqusTM, was applied to a WST on a commercial silica-aluminous refractory material. The experimental curve of horizontal force as a function of opening displacement at the application of load height was used as a reference for calibrating the parameters of a crack propagation model for the computational simulation of the test. Preliminary validation procedures were carried out for both 2D and 3D models, and to ensure the reliability of the models, mesh convergence analysis and sensitivity analyses of the parameters were performed. After analyzing both models, it was determined that the 2D model was more appropriate for the case study. An optimization process was performed using the software IsightTM to find a response curve that best approximated the experimental results. With the properties optimized by IsightTM, the 2D X-FEM model could represent the fracture behavior of the material with a good approximation compared to the WST simulations that used cohesive elements from the literature.
Desenvolvimento de concreto geopolimérico leve: viabilidade de aplicação no setor da construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-07-28)
Coelho, Tassiane de Paula Pinheiro
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9607725497477486
Portland cement is the main component of conventional concrete, considered the second most consuming material in the world, but its manufacture accentuates the greenhouse effect. Studies show that the production of geopolymer concrete is a sustainable alternative and has comparable physical mechanical characteristics. In this sense, this thesis developed and characterized lightweight geopolymeric concrete obtained from lightweight aggregates, such as vermiculite, perlite, diatomite and zeolite, in different granulometries, with the aim of investigating their influence on the physical properties -mechanics and verify the feasibility of application in the civil construction sector. Geopolymers were synthesized from metakaolin and activator solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3). The precursor and activator solution were initially characterized and a reference sample was prepared for comparison (without addition of aggregates). After different curing periods, the samples were characterized by XRD, FRX, FTIR, water absorption, apparent and total porosity, apparent density, evolution of mechanical resistance to compression and flexion in 3 points, Young modulus in cold in 1, 7 , 14 and 28 days and fire resistance. The accelerated aging test by UV exposure and immersion/drying and the evolution of the Young modulus in cold were performed. Additionally, the matrix/aggregate interface was analyzed by scanning and confocal electron microscopy, before and after accelerated aging. The results indicated that the addition of 5% by weight of aggregate resulted in lightweight concrete. Geopolymers composed of diatomaceous earth and zeolite exhibited the highest compressive strength values, 36 MPa and 31.5 MPa, respectively, after 1 day of curing. Compared to a commercial product, geopolymeric concretes showed superior flexural strength and no evidence of flame propagation, demonstrating their viability for the civil construction sector.