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Investigando Chlorolobion braunii em escala laboratorial: uma abordagem fisiológica para o entendimento do efeito sinérgico de cobre e LEDs branco/azul/vermelho na síntese de biomoléculas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Bolli, Julia; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3640; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9285996540081055; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-6433
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with extensive biodiversity and physiological plasticity, serving as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. They play a crucial ecological role by contributing to the balance of the food chain in these environments and maintaining climatic conditions through their biological CO2 mitigation activity. Through physiological and metabolic responses to environmental variations, the biochemical composition of microalgae can be altered, turning algal metabolism into a significant biotechnological tool to optimize biomass production and enhance the synthesis of high-value biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and carotenoids. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the element copper (Cu) and LED lights of white, blue (λ 420-470 nm), and red (λ 660 nm) colors on growth parameters, photosynthetic responses, and biomolecule production of the microalga Chlorolobion braunii. Cultivations were conducted in benchtop photobioreactors, with environmentally relevant copper concentration (5.0x10-7 mol.L-1). Growth parameters were monitored, revealing that higher growth rates were achieved under white and blue light (~ 1.0 d-1) compared to red light (~ 0.75 d-1). Photosynthetic parameters such as maximum and effective quantum yields and photochemical quenching were unaffected by the manipulations, while non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was higher under white and blue light (~ 0.3) compared to red light (~ 0.2). The hormesis effect was observed in protein production under the combination of red light and additional copper, resulting in a ~ 165% increase in protein content compared to the control under the same light color. Biochemical results demonstrated that copper addition favored biomolecule synthesis, notably oil production, which composed 80% of the dry biomass, suggesting the role of lipids as a preferred energy reserve in Chlorolobion braunii, highlighting it as a promising microalga for the energy sector.
Índice de aptidão de áreas para projetos de renovação urbana: estudos de caso das cidades de Cali na Colômbia e São Paulo no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Perea Álvarez, Randy; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-239X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6942783028611722; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4838-0706
The majority of traditional centers in large cities in Latin America undergo processes of physical deterioration and population decline, demanding urban planning alternatives to address these issues. One possibility to enhance, valorize, improve, and integrate established areas within the city is through urban renewal, driven by a change in patterns that aim to stimulate mixed-use development and avoid urban expansion. This research proposes a method that relates qualitative and quantitative urban variables within analysis categories specific to urban renewal, such as land management, building capacity and urban conditions. The objective is to develop an area aptitude index for urban renewal projects (IAPRU) in the city centers of Cali, Colombia, and São Paulo, Brazil, during the year 2022. The results of the prioritized areas, as determined by the IAPRU, are presented through tables and thematic cartography produced using geographic information systems (GIS) tools.
Conservação e eliminação de DNAs satélites: a diferenciação do cromossomo W em Triportheus (Teleostei: Characiformes)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Oliveira, Mariannah Pravatti Barcellos; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9173115368720465
The evolution of sex chromosomes raises several issues that have yet to be resolved, like why are repeated sequences often species-specific on sex chromosomes prone to accumulating? To better explore this, this work aims to trace the dynamics of satellite DNAs (satDNAs) accumulation and elimination along the pathway of W chromosome differentiation using the well-known Triportheus fish model. This fish genus stands out due to a conserved ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system present in all examined species. While the Z chromosome is conserved in all species, the W chromosome is smaller and exhibits differences in size and morphology. The presumed ancestral W chromosome is comparable to that of Triportheus auritus and contains 19 different SatDNA families accumulating on it. The results found in the analysis of five additional Triportheus species showed that most of these repetitions were probably eliminated as speciation was taking place and the W chromosomes continued their path of differentiation, while the Z chromosomes of some species began to accumulate some TauSatDNAs. Additional species-specific SatDNAs that made up the heterochromatic region of each of these chromosomes were most likely amplified after that. Therefore, the W chromosomes of the various Triportheus species have undergone significant evolutionary changes in a short period of time (15–25 Myr) after their divergence.
Implementação da automação de parâmetros para melhoria do processo de conformação por prensagem de massa de tamponamento para furos de corrida em altos-fornos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Albuquerque, Vinicius dos Santos Galhardo de; Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
A steel industry has played a vital role in global economic development, with blast furnaces being an essential component of this sector. Operational efficiency and the quality of products from blast furnaces are crucial for industry competitiveness. Pressing forming of burden materials aims to optimize the distribution of thermal and chemical loads in furnaces, directly affecting the quality of produced pig iron. Challenges in this process include variations in raw material characteristics, environmental fluctuations, and the need for precise control of forming variables. Inadequate control of these parameters can lead to low-quality pig iron, reduced yield, and increased operational costs. In this context, parameter automation emerges as a promising solution to address these challenges. Utilizing advanced technologies such as high-precision sensors, intelligent control systems, and optimization algorithms, real-time monitoring and adjustment of forming parameters become possible. This not only reduces human intervention, minimizing errors and enhancing operational safety, but also contributes to consistent improvement in forming material production, thus enhancing pig iron quality and overall blast furnace efficiency. The anticipated benefits of parameter automation implementation are extensive. Apart from improving final product quality and operational efficiency, waste reduction, standardized end products, decreased energy consumption, and optimized resource utilization are expected outcomes. Therefore, this research aims to explore the theoretical foundations of burden material pressing for blast furnaces, investigate available parameter automation technologies, and empirically assess the impacts of implementing these technologies in an actual industrial setting. To support this investigation, a comprehensive analysis of current literature, relevant case studies, and controlled experiments will be conducted. This study focuses on a project carried out at Shinagawa Refractories, located in Vinhedo-SP, which aimed to comprehensively automate forming parameters in a machine producing burden materials for blast furnaces in the steel industry. Previously, the machine primarily operated manually, resulting in inconsistent quality, production inefficiencies, lack of traceability, and material wastage. In response to these issues, a broad parameter interface encompassing three key categories—forming, pressing, and lubrication—was established. Each of the 30+ distinct burden material formulations required its own set of parameters due to variations in extrusion behavior. The project extended over several months due to the comprehensive parameter set and the need to customize parameters for each specific formulation. Following project implementation, the machine's performance over the subsequent five months yielded highly positive results across various dimensions. Particularly noteworthy were the excellent production volume records and increased productivity.
Bioprospecção da atividade antimicrobiana do caldo de fermentação produzido pelo endofítico Paenibacillus terrae isolado de Tabebuia spp. do Cerrado em co-cultivo com Bacillus thuringiensis e Bacillus megaterium
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Barbosa, Larissa de Cassia; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-5085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5440429000479101
As the second largest Brazilian biome, the Cerrado is classified as a “hot spot” for its several endemic species and the great threat of territorial loss, but its biodiversity is still little known. In this biodiversity there are endophytic microorganisms, which are in focus for acquisition and production of secondary metabolites, due to the biotechnological potential identified in them. The present study sought to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal potential of Paenibacillus terrae, an endophytic isolated from Tabebuia spp., and also its activity in co-culture with Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus megaterium, seeking greater bioactivity. For the microorganisms tested, inhibition halos (mm) of 8.6, 9.4 and 11.4 were detected for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. Against Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus megaterium, no inhibition was detected, probably due to selective inhibition. Paenibacillus terrae showed better results when co-cultivated with Bacillus megaterium, against E. coli and S. aureus, with halos of 10.6 and 9.5 mm, respectively. On the other hand, the co-culture with B. megaterium, against C. albicans, there was no inhibition. The same happened with the tests of co-culture of P. terrae with B. thuringiensis, against all tested microorganisms. These results should indicate a greater selective pressure among the microorganisms tested, generating the presence of inhibition halos. The action of Paenibacillus terrae was tested in relation to selected antibiotics, amikacin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefepime, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, oxacillin, sulfazotrim, teicoplanin, and tetracycline the greatest inhibitory potentials were against sulfazotrim, chloramphenicol and amikacin, with 37.3, 31.0 and 22.25 mm of inhibition. Carbenicillin, cephalothin, clindamycin and oxacillin did not inhibit. The data obtained are similar to other works and also indicate the permanence of microbial susceptibility to most of the tested antibiotics. The bioprospecting of endophytes is essential for the search for bioactive metabolites since the production of biomolecules can contribute as biocontrol agents, microbial and parasitic inhibition, as anti-inflammatories and in industry, pharmacy, medicine and biotechnology.
Variação dos sinais vitais e predição de desfechos negativos em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Cruz, Nayara Cristina Romão; Leonardi, Naiara Tais; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1938682751518303; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-3932; Mendes, Renata Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-2657; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4353529418163321; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-3668
Introduction: The Sars-Cov-2 virus is capable of affecting several systems of the human body, with heterogeneous, unpredictable and not fully understood clinical presentation and health outcomes. Vital signs translate the clinical status of patients and are easily accessible information, routinely obtained in clinical practice as clinical flags. However, it is not known whether the variation of these signs during the course of COVID-19 has predictive potential for negative outcomes. Objective: To analyze the variation of vital signs during the first 48h of patients hospitalized by COVID-19 and to verify their ability to predict negative health outcomes. Method: Retrospective observational cohort study involving 121 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted between March 2020 and June 2021 in the ICU/ward sectors. Clinical information was collected (age, gender, BMI); previous comorbidities; symptoms on admission; length of hospitalization; oxygen use and flow on admission. Regarding vital signs, the following were collected: temperature; heart rate (HR); systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygen pulse saturation (SpO2), considering for analysis of the variation; standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV) and amplitude (max-min) during the first 48h of hospitalization. Patients were classified according to health outcomes into: negative outcomes (death and need for orotracheal intubation) and positive outcomes (hospital discharge). Results: 18 (14.8%) patients had negative outcomes and were older (65.06 ± 9.67 vs 53.02 ± 15.41 years), hypertensive (66.6% vs 33.0%) and had cardiovascular disease (33.3% vs 12.6%). Patients with negative outcomes showed higher HR variation (SD:7.93 ± 4.95 vs 5.26 ± 4.40; CV:9.05 ± 5.01 vs 6.44 ± 5.39; amp: 11.17 ± 6.98 vs 7.47 ± 6.25) and MAP (6.32 ± 2.95 vs 4.48 ± 4.10; CV: 7.03 ± 3.66 vs 4.79 ± 4.26; amp: 8.94 ± 4.18 vs 6.33 ± 5.80) compared to the group with positive outcomes. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.56;0.80, p<0.05) for HR variability variables (SD, CV and amplitude) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.56;0.82, p<0.05) for MAP variation variables (SD, CV and amplitude). Conclusion: higher HR and MAP variation during the first 48h of hospitalization may be related to negative health outcomes in patients hospitalized by COVID-19
Histórias em quadrinhos nas bibliotecas de São Carlos: uma análise comparativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Thomazini, Felipe; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
From a comparative approach to the national scene, this study explores the insertion and informational treatment of comic books in libraries in São Carlos. Applied research with a qualitative approach and a descriptive objective. Includes a Bibliographic Research on how comic books are organized in libraries and a Case Study on four libraries with collections of comics in the city of São Carlos. It is found that there is no direct relationship between the size of each library's comic collection and the informational treatment employed. Although institutions that do not perform the classification, cataloging and indexing of items prevailed, three of the four libraries offer items for home loan based on a simplified control, contrary to the national scenario that keeps the collection restricted to internal consultation. It emphasizes the need to seek institutional support that comes through acquisition funds, consistent policies and professionals who know the potential of the comic books. It is highlighted that the initiative and personal dedication of enthusiasts should not continue to be a condition for comics to occupy cultural spaces and the promotion of knowledge.
Fora da caridade não há salvação: um ensaio sobre prestações altruístas no espiritismo e para além dele
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Santos Barbosa, Allan Wine; Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082174765406564
This thesis proposes to discuss the importance of the notion of charity for Kardecist spiritism. Based on ethnographic material collected in a spiritist center in São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo, it is argued that charity constitutes the encompassing value of the spiritist ideological system. Its implications for the day-to-day activities of the spiritist center and its visitors are discussed, as well as its centrality in soteriology and its relationship with concepts that are also fundamental for the religion, such as hierarchy, evolution, and mediumship. From this debate, we also seek to propose a broader analysis of the theme of charity from the bibliography of economic anthropology, carrying out this effort through the ethnographic problem that the notion of reciprocity poses for an ideal of disinterested charity, such as Kardecism conceives it. This proposal takes the debate, in the second half of the thesis, to historiographical incursions on some historical processes that marked key moments in the elaboration of the idea of charity as pure gift. Finally, it is also argued that a reflection on charity can promote new perspectives on fundamental notions and values of Western modernity, such as its notions of society, justice and its institutional arrangement for the care and control of the poor and underprivileged.
Clonagem e expressão heteróloga da proteína promotora de florescimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Soares, Natalia Cristina; Camargo, Raquel Luciana Boscariol; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9841465074905675; Takita, Marco Aurélio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578612884434541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0793765220447303
Citrus are perennial woody plants and have different stages of development during their life cycle: germination, juvenile stage, growing stage, and reproductive stage. The juvenile stage is characterized by the absence of flowers and fruits that can vary from 6 to 20 years. The flowering process is composed of a complex and synchronized regulatory network that is shared by different species. The citrus CiFT3 gene and tomato SFT gene, homologous to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) from Arabidopsis thaliana, encode an universal mobile signal, known as florigen, that is shared among different species. With the recombinant DNA technology, it’s possible to produce proteins through the expression of cloned genes under the control of promoters. These proteins can be purified in order to obtain a pure biologically active molecule. The objective of this project is the expression and purification of the flowering-promoting proteins of citrus and tomato in a heterologous system, in order to enable the application and evaluation of their effects. The CiFT3 and SFT genes were cloned in the vector pET28a, introduced in competent E. coli BL21(DE3) cells and expressed by inducing with different concentrations of IPTG using different times. So far, the recombinant proteins from citrus and tomato have been purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The best condition for the expression was obtained by using 1mM of IPTG at 37ºC under stirring of 200 rpm for 16 hours (Tov). The expression of the recombinant protein was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, which was present in the soluble fraction. The purified CiFT3 protein had yields ranging from 14 to 153 ng/uL, while the purified SFT protein had yields ranging from 18 to 115 ng/uL. Flowering induction tests were performed in vitro, through root absorption with and without vacuum application, and ex vitro, through leaf and apical meristem absorption, in juvenile citrus, tobacco, and tomato plants. The protein concentrations used in the tests varied from 1 ng/μL to 33,600 ng/μL. Induction tests were not successful in promoting early flowering. A possible explanation for this would be the non-effective translocation of the protein from the leaves, where they were injected, to the apical meristem or significant amounts of flowering-promoting proteins may not have been reached to induce flowering in the plants. To better understand the results obtained, complementary analyses are necessary to investigate the possible causes of non-flowering in the evaluated plants.
Análise da acidentalidade viária em trechos urbanos da Rodovia Federal BR-369 no Estado do Paraná
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Kondo, Bruno Hiroyuki; Hirosue, Fernando Hideki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4091598921285700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2845704933146284
Road accidents in Brazil may present a worsening in their occurrence in the post-pandemic scenario. It is expected that the conditions of the roads will deteriorate due to a decrease in public and private investments, as well as an increase in vehicle traffic, driven by the resumption of economic activities, leading to an increase in the occurrence of accidents. Thus, the present study aims to observe road accidents in urban sections of the federal highway BR-369 in the state of Paraná, between the years 2015 and 2021. Parameters such as accident occurrence, fatalities, accident rates, and road classification in terms of overall condition, pavement, geometry, and signage were analyzed according to the methodology developed by the National Confederation of Transport (CNT). To achieve this, data extraction and analysis were necessary using the information provided by the Federal Highway Police, the CNT Highway Survey, and the National Department of Infrastructure and Transport. Additionally, georeferencing software was used to visually identify critical sections. After data collection, processing, and calculation of indicators, sections that stood out due to the recurrence of accidents over the years were observed, especially in more urbanized regions with significant traffic volume. Through these results, it was possible to observe the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of the surrounding regions and road traffic on critical sections.
Avaliação tecnológica da substituição do óleo de palma em gelados comestíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Munhoz, Clarissa da Silva; Pereira, Gustavo das Graças; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6055750211001915; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-2565; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1495274229276664; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6463-8292
This study aimed to test three lipid sources to replace palm oil in ice cream. The standard formulation (PAD) was composed of 6.5% of palm oil, 62.54% of water, 11% of glucose syrup, 11% of sugar, 6.5% of whey protein, 1.7% of skimmed milk powder, 0,65% of mix of stabilizers and emulsifiers, and 0.014% of annatto coloring. The other treatments differed from the PAD sample by the origin of the lipid source, where prototype 01 (PT1) used 6.5% of the blend of soybean fat, fully hydrogenated palm oil and palm stearin, prototype 02 (PT2) with 6,5% of coconut oil and prototype 03 (PT3) used 6,5% of the blend of shea oil and refined palm oil. The samples were submitted to analyses of rheology, air incorporation (overrun) and melting behavior, in order to evaluate the influence of these substitutions on their rheological, physical and stability characteristics. Based on the rheograms, the mixes showed a pseudoplastic behavior ant the PT3 and PAD samples showed the highest apparent viscosity values. With regard to the air incorporation and stability analyses, the PT1 exhibited the lowest overrun and the highest melting rate, as both parameters tend to be inversely related. Samples PT2 and PT3 presented intermediate results for overrun and melting behavior, being, therefore, possible alternatives to replace palm oil, the lipid source that presented the best technological results in the present work.
Avaliação conjuntural da formação e do mercado de trabalho de engenheiros e engenheiras no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Ruas, André de Melo; Antonialli, Armando Ítalo Sette; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4367459395417045
In Brazil, not all Engineering graduates work in careers typical of their area of study. Each year, the number of vacancies in Engineering schools increases, meanwhile Brazil experiences de-industrialization in recent decades, with a slower offer curve of vacancies in the labor market. The present work seeks to understand the reasons that lead engineers not to work with Engineering in Brazil, with a generalist look, passing through the Brazilian industrial scenario, the remuneration in different careers, the teaching method in Brazilian universities, the sociodemographic context of students and professors and, finally, personality and learning styles of Engineering students. This understanding is important so that it is possible to outline action plans to retain these brains in Brazil and in their typical expertise areas. The conflict of personality and learning styles with the prevailing method of teaching today, higher remuneration in financial services careers, gender disparities and the Brazilian deindustrialization of recent years, together, may explain the difficulty in retaining engineers in typical Engineering careers in Brazil.
Modelos de regressão defeituosos zero ajustados aplicados a dados de risco de crédito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Souza, Crystiane Fernanda; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-2089; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3524168272243917
With the increase in consumption of goods, services, and credit granting, it becomes necessary to control the risk of the process. This measure aims to prevent a possible default rate higher than what financial institutions can bear and, at the same time, allows for profit generation. Several statistical techniques can be used to build models that provide an overview of the risk, and one of them is survival analysis. The application of this technique in the financial market seeks to study, for example, the time an individual takes to recover credit after the end of a financial crisis in their country. The use of such data can support the prediction of the ideal credit amount to be provisioned in possible crisis scenarios and infer when credit operations are likely to resume. In this context, this work aims to study two defective regression models for adjusted zero survival data modeling in the credit risk scenario. This approach allows for the accommodation of three types of units, such as customers with 'zero' survival times, i.e., early failures, customers susceptible and not susceptible to the event of interest. The methodology studied will be applied to a database provided by a leading institution in credit services and information in Brazil.
Newton versus Leibniz: uma luz sobre a controvérsia intelectual na descoberta do cálculo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Santos, Ronaldo Alberto Lima dos; Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-9339; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0466706124537447; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8665-5236
The purpose of this dissertation is to conduct a bibliographical research on the life and works of two of the greatest mathematical scientists of the 17th century, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Although the mathematicians had a vast intelectual repertoire, the research focuses on the aspects of their works and the historical consequences of their contributions. It was possible to observe that the vast amount of knowledge possessed by these scientists led Newon and Leibniz to clash over the priority of the Discovery of Calculus, garnering supporters na creating adversaries. This dispute resulted in a certain nationalism and had repercussions for Mathematics, such as a significant stagnation in the advancement of knowledge production. This dissertation presentes the controversial Search to determine who initially developed Differential and Integral Calculus, showcasing the versions that emerged at the time and continue to be debated to this day. However, it is not the aim of this dissertation to determine the first discoerer of Calculus; instead, it seeks to highlight the historical facts that contribute to Newton’s or Leibniz’s discoveries and their significance for Mathematics. It becomes evidente that each of them arrived at the development of their ideas differently, and both were instrumental in enabling Calculus to sole problems across various fields.
"AÇO VERDE": estado da arte, desafios e perspectivas para a siderurgia sustentável no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Cirineu, Grace Regina; Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
In the context of the decarbonization of the world steel industry, this work investigates the concept of "green steel" and its state of the art, as well as seeks to answer what are the innovative technologies for the steel industry that enable the effective achievement of the goals of the global climate agreements. Among the available technologies, the direct reduction of iron ore by green hydrogen together with the use of electric arc furnaces for steel production proves to be quite effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore deserves special attention. It appears that the emissions from steel production using this technology could be lower than those produced by the conventional route for most European Union countries. The production of "green steel" using this technology is also analyzed in countries that have quality iron ore reserves as well as abundant renewable energies, especially solar and wind energy. It is concluded that the ideal and favorable locations for cheaper production are those located close to the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, where solar radiation is readily accessible. Finally, the national scenario of steel production is discussed, highlighting its particularities, challenges and advantages in the face of the global decarbonization process. A path for national decarbonization is suggested: in the short term, investments should be made in energy efficiency measures, increasing the use of electric arc furnaces with scrap and the use of charcoal in the blast furnace; in the medium term, the ore is reduced directly with natural gas, and in the long term, the ore is reduced directly with hydrogen.
Inibição da adesão bacteriana por nanopartículas revestidas de vesículas bacterianas de membrana externa (OMV)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Gonçalves, Mariana Ottaiano; Zucolotto, Valtencir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5768000922241088; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7819594699082915
Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. To combat resistant microorganisms, it is crucial to find natural alternatives with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. An innovative approach involves coating nanoparticles with biological membranes, transferring their properties and activating immune responses, potentially reducing multidrug-resistant infections. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, non-replicating structures, naturally produced from the outer membrane of Gram-negative species, which allow the inheritance of natural characteristics of the bacteria, and which can compete with binding sites and thus inhibit bacterial adhesion on host cells. In this work, we synthesized therapeutic nanomaterials based on poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coated by OMVs in order to evaluate their in vitro interaction between pathogen and host, and their potential applications in nanomedicine. There were no significant differences in structure or physicochemical properties of OMVs isolated from K. pneumoniae under different bacterial culture conditions. In parallel, PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized using the nanoprecipitation technique with different fluorescent markers. The particles had a size ranging between 100 and 220 nm and a surface charge ranging between -30 and -35 mV. Then, the particles were coated with the vesicles extracted through sonication and the coated nanocarriers had a size of 200 nm and a yield of 1 x 1010 part/mL. Finally, these nanocarriers were tested for internalization in host and pathogenic cells and anti-adhesion capacity in lung cells. Our results predict the ability of nanocarriers to prevent bacterial adhesion in lung cells at certain times, concentrations and types of incubation. These results may help to understand how hybrid nanomaterials behave towards the host and the pathogen, and bring important benefits to the development of nanomedicine.
Controle de qualidade de polímeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Braga, Rene; Teixeira, Ivo Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782517948999001
The quality control of polymers is an important area in the materials industry that aims to ensure the quality of polymeric materials used in various applications. Polymers are macromolecular materials widely used in different sectors, including the automotive, aerospace, and packaging industries, among others. Quality control is carried out through various methods, such as chemical analyses, thermal analyses, mechanical analyses, spectroscopy, and others. These methods allow for the characterization of a given material, the detection of impurities, the determination of physical and chemical properties, the evaluation of stability, and other parameters that affect the quality of polymers. Through proper quality control, it is possible to ensure that polymers comply with the necessary specifications for each application, thereby guaranteeing the safety and effectiveness of the final products. This work aims to demonstrate how polymer quality control is conducted, highlighting the methods used for this purpose and the importance of this process in today's world.
Planejamento educacional: monitoramento, avaliação e controle social do Plano Municipal de Educação de Votorantim/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-08-18) Silva, Camila Vieira Genkawa; Lima, Paulo Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-4934; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8762789379788397; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-5989
Through Law No. 13,005, of June 15, 2014, it was established that the Union, the States, the Federal District and the Municipalities should prepare their education plans. The objective of this research was to analyze the monitoring, periodic evaluations and ways of working of the bodies responsible for the Municipal Education Plan of Votorantim/SP, taking as a cut the period from 2015 to 2020, considering the work schedule, the monitoring flow, the assessment flow and referrals for flow correction. The research was exploratory, qualitative, bibliographical, with a semi-structured interview, taking Bardin's (2011) and Chizzotti's (2006) conceptualization as a reference, with a view to: a) discussing the National Education Plans in Brazil and the process evaluation and monitoring of its implementation among guidelines and technical guidelines; b) establish relations between the Municipal Education Plan of Votorantim and the call for evaluation and monitoring, regarding the design and scope of the foreseen goals; c) explain the perceptions of respondents in the municipality, through a semi-structured interview (member of the Coordinating Commission and Technical Team for monitoring and evaluation and form for members of the Municipal Council of Education), with a view to highlighting the referrals made in the context of social control in the implementation process. Considering that monitoring and evaluation provide subsidies for adjustments and improvements, while social control increases the transparency and responsibility of educational actions, the interviews with respondents showed the paths taken, but denoted impasses experienced as in technical training, mentioning that the carried out was not enough for the participants to understand the “step by step” of monitoring. Respondents also reported the need for dialogue with other municipalities, a lot of study on the subject, and it was reported that there was no support from the federal government to resolve doubts. Therefore, the results of the research indicated that the monitoring process, periodic evaluations and ways of working of the bodies responsible for the Municipal Education Plan of Votorantim/SP, in the period from 2015 to 2020, occurred, but it was evidenced in the speech of the respondents the limits and weaknesses regarding the principles of participation and social control, which lack constant qualifications, especially the coordination of actions, with the objective of fulfilling the established goals.