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Ensino de Ciências e evasão escolar: o contexto dos alunos com transtornos do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Dantas, Nayara Aline; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
The following work aimed to analyze the conditions of inclusion and dropout of students with ASD (Autistic Spectrum Disorder) in the context of science teaching, using the document and content analysis to understand the format and curriculum of teaching sciences as being likely or not to worsen the dropout percentage of these students. Of that In this way, the statements of the teachers participating in the questionnaire made available were analyzed, in a regression to their training needs, seeking to understand their understanding of the importance of teaching science to ASD students, the application of content and its curriculum, and the real intentionality of the concept of inclusion involved in this context. For such, During this study, a specific municipal network in the interior of the state of São Paulo, responsible for providing data relating to enrollment and making questionnaires available to elementary school II teachers, working in science teaching. Therefore, the following work was submitted for approval by the ethics, in order to use data collection instruments in a qualitative way, and interpretative, seeking to fulfill its objectives, from these and data collection bibliographic data previously collected. It was hoped that this work would assist in proposals and strategies within the scope of science teaching, so that it is constructive and effective in the educational process of ASD students, as well as warning about the loss in inclusion process when there are no actions to keep these students, specifically in elementary education, thus making it incomplete and ineffective, and more specifically attribute the need for new academic productions from the perspective of teaching science in an inclusive context, aiming for approaches that seek to bring each increasingly of the transformative character, which must be inherent to the educational system.
Impacto das mudanças climáticas na distribuição de Bertholletia excelsa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Pereira, Gabriel de Freitas; Martins, Karina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9367637840430435; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9272-1475; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1139153354278767; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5628-612X
Bertholletia excelsa, also known as the Brazil nut tree, stands out as a dominant and safeguarded species within the ecosystem, serving a pivotal function in the cycling of nutrients and the delivery of essential ecosystem services in the Amazon rainforest. This study aimed to model the suitable habitat distribution of this species, by comparing different ensemble models constructed using various spatial filtering resolutions. Additionally, we aimed to include an evaluation of the influence of human activities in promoting or dispersing B. excelsa seeds and/or stands. The results highlight the impact of model selection on the present and future projections, with a significant difference between the projections for the 2050s. We emphasise the importance of considering multiple models for different climatic conditions to better assess the uncertainty of future projections when making climate change policies. The best model (AUC = 0.94) was achieved with geographic plus environmental filtering and a resolution of 2.5 arcminutes. The model predicted a contraction of the suitable habitat area for Brazil nut trees in the present and an even more severe scenario in the future, with precipitation seasonality being the most impactful variable in the species distribution. Future studies should also examine the expected impacts of climate change on the seed production of Brazil nut trees, including indirect effects such as changes in pest and disease incidence.
Projeto e avaliação de desempenho de uma prótese virtual transtibial externa para pessoas com deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Barros, Thiago Koga; Moreno, Mariano Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1307496862518321
Devices known as prostheses and orthotics are commonly used to aid mobility and improve the quality of life of people with disabilities, supplying and meeting biomechanical needs for the absence of limbs or treatment and functionality of the musculoskeletal system. However, in Brazil there are not many properly documented projects on how to perform the necessary tests and performance validations of these same devices for the necessary reliability for development. Thus, the objective of this work is to design a virtual transtibial prosthesis, detailing the processes and validating the performance by CAD/CAE based on international parameterizations in accordance with the current standards on the subject. Initially, a modeling of all the necessary components was made in CAD. Subsequently, a simulation of the complete structure and parameters for declared configurations was carried out, which resulted in a proposal for a prototype with proof test validations of the static type with loading conditions for patients of up to 100 kg. Acceptable values of forces, deformations and safety coefficients were obtained for the structure, validating the process and applied methodology.
Trabalhando habilidades da BNCC através de métodos de cálculo de raízes quadradas aproximadas no Ensino Fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Silva, Alex Roberto da; Mereu, Ana Cristina de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/436174324874274; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6263016777946495
In this study, an approach will be presented to explore and develop the skills outlined in the BNCC through the topic of approximate square roots. Despite being present in various concepts and problem-solving situations in Elementary Education, this theme is scarcely addressed, both in teaching and in textbooks. Therefore, this research will underscore the significance of this topic and propose the introduction of some methods for approximating square roots, along with their respective analyses and error estimates. Furthermore, the implementation of these methods in the classroom will be suggested through a didactic sequence. In this manner, it is anticipated that this work can foster students’ creativity and logical reasoning within the realm of algebraic and computational thinking. This will be achieved through comprehension and proficiency in working with mathematical formulas, providing students with an additional tool to approach other concepts, such as the positioning of irrational numbers on the real number line and geometry problems.
Patrimônio icnofossilífero das vias públicas de São Carlos: levantamento da diversidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Mendonça Júnior, Clóvis Heitor; Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2750; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7817808456105819
The Botucatu Formation is globally renowned for its ichnofossils. Originally part of a massive paleodesert from the early Cretaceous Period, the Formation consists of aeolian sandstones, with one of its main outcrop areas located in the municipality of São Carlos. Here, we aimed to conduct a survey and analysis of the ichnofossil diversity found in the public roads of the municipality, with the intention of documenting and preserving the fossil heritage present within them. Using the Street View tool on the Google Maps platform, a survey of locations featuring Botucatu Sandstone slabs was conducted. Subsequently, the obtained addresses were physically visited to assess the condition of the slabs and the presence or absence of fossil records. These sites were photographed to create a database. In total, a sum of 1285 locations containing Botucatu Sandstone slabs, some of which presented fossil traces were identified, ranging from invertebrates to mammals, theropod and ornithopod dinosaurs. There is a significant diversity within these groups, with 487 addresses displaying traces of invertebrates, 28 of mammals, and 21 of dinosaurs. Additionally, a loss of this collection was observed at a rate of 1% per month. Preserving this "open-air collection" is therefore of great scientific and national interest, with the present study potentially serving as a basis for drafting new laws for its preservation or as supplementary material for future studies on the fossil heritage of São Carlos.
Uma revisão sistemática sobre a produção científica com ênfase na poluição hídrica por metais pesados na bacia hidrográfica do río Quito - Colômbia: uma análise das complicações relacionadas à saúde humana e qualidade ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Coelho, Bruna Stefane Rodrigues; Rosso Pinto, Mauricio José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0029934262855663; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-0019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3975812348994356
The pressures exerted on natural resources are increasing with each decade, especially on water resources, which, in addition to being a source of life, are essential for the development of important economic activities. In Latin America, a significant example of these pressures is the contamination of natural resources by heavy metals. Based on this scenario, the objective of the present study was to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that could identify the historical evolution and the main activities related to water pollution by heavy metals in the Quito River watershed (Colombia) and the health and environmental complications arising from these activities. Through the SLR, it was possible to identify the contribution of mining activity to contamination in the study area, leading to impacts on water quality and availability, causing direct effects on the environment and the resident population of that area. Additionally, it was possible to document the main contaminants originating from the mining activity in the region, the contribution of universities to research the current conditions of the watershed, and the historical relationship between mining activity and drug trafficking. With this study, we obtained an overview of the current scientific production in the region and the main areas that need further investigation.
As percepções e contribuições dos residentes sobre a formação inicial docente a partir do Programa Residência Pedagógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Silva, Marcos Paulo; Furlan, Elaine Gomes Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3179865576965852
This work sought to analyze the experience reports of students at the degree course in Chemistry from the Pedagogical Residency Program at Araras campus of UFSCar, during the notice in force between the years 2020 and 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, during this period there was a suspension of face-to-face classes, making it necessary to adopt remote teaching in schools and universities as one of the measures to mitigate the spread of the virus responsible for the disease. Analyze the consequences of remote teaching for students of basic and university education, within the scope of the Program and mandatory supervised internships, is essential to analyze the initial teacher training in the remote context. In this way, the work aimed to analyze the contributions of PRP in their initial training as teachers in context of remote teaching. To analyze the experience reports, the Discursive Textual Analysis and, through it, the categorization was carried out and, finally, the construction of a reflective metatext. At the end of document analysis, the contribution of the Program to the residents was noted and also some limitations faced in presenting the selected themes in the context remote. Another highlight was the work carried out in such a between undergraduate students and also the heterogeneity between classes, factors these were positive for the initial training of undergraduates.
Considerações sobre o morrer: possíveis relações com a psicanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Lima, Bruna Souza de; Câmara, Leonardo Cardoso Portela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876503068661138; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-8704; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3789210665175758
This study proposes a reflection on the cultural disapproximation and denial of death, suggesting the importance of re-signifying it as an inherent and fundamental part of living. It is dedicated to understanding the relationship of the subject with death, with emphasis on the one who is about to die, dealing with the mourning experienced and the process of acceptance of an announced terminality, in addition to exploring the mechanisms and psychic processes involved. To this end, the theory of the five stages present in the work "On death and dying", written by psychiatrist Elizabeth Kübler-Ross (1981/2017), is mainly used. Each stage is explored, seeking relationships and crossings with the theoretical approach of psychoanalysis. Finally, a reflection is proposed on the possible positions and actions in the face of death.
Crescimento e caracterizacão de filmes finos supercondutores de chumbo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Gomes, Caio Cesar Quaglio; Motta, Maycon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8340540626164812; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5494-7705; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5220570988255282; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-4621
Lead thin films are attractive for fundamental research in superconductivity and practical applications due to their relatively high critical temperature and behavior as a type II superconductor. Consequently, achieving high-quality films by controlling thermodynamic parameters during their growth is important for enhancing superconducting properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that lead films deposited by thermal evaporation at room temperature exhibit large and disconnected grains. On the other hand, when the deposition occurs with the substrate maintained at liquid nitrogen temperature, the films present smaller grain sizes and higher homogeneity. Motivated by these reasons, our work investigates the growth of lead films with the substrate maintained at different temperatures to analyze the resulting microstructural and superconducting properties. Although the film grown at 77 K exhibited superior microstructural quality (smaller grains and almost no porous), the magnetic shielding capacity of the film deposited at room temperature is higher. We also designed and tested a heating device to control the temperature in the chamber. Furthermore, we obtain the local magnetic flux density, current density, and magnetization in smooth and avalanche regimes using transformations of the gray-intensity images obtained using the Magneto-optical imaging (MOI) technique.
Elaboração de uma proposta de programação curricular de aulas de Ciências da Natureza via enfoque Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS)-Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Maciel, Elton Junior; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-6702; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5110285020754190
Science, in the National Curricular Parameters of Natural Sciences, as emphasized by the Secretariat of Elementary Education of the Ministry of Education, can expand the possibility of social participation and mental development of students, enabling their full capacity to exercise citizenship, as it has an impact directly into people's lives, demystifying and reflecting on habits and behaviors such as caring for environmental impacts and their impact on society. Thinking that Natural Sciences, such an important discipline, is present in schools and educational institutions throughout Brazil, makes us reflect on the responsibility of those in the classroom. The teacher is an important agent for the construction of knowledge, therefore, reflecting on educational perspectives reminds me of Freire and the references linked to the Science-Technology-Society (STS) movement, being the agenda of this work with the objective of developing a proposal of curricular programming for natural science classes using the STS-Freire approach. For this, the study uses Participant Research and, although in an adapted way, critical-transformative education is used as a basis via Generating Themes, therefore Freire's thematic investigation (1987), through the steps systematized by Delizoicov (1982) is present in the study. In addition, Strieder's CTS Reference Matrix (2012), adapted by Almeida (2018), is also used, systematizing the different educational approaches and purposes found in the production on STS Education in the Brazilian context, brought in this study as a background for programming. curriculum. The large number of information collected was systematized in several tables that made it possible to create two examples of Teaching Plan containing, in total, 36 45-minute classes, which revolved around the Generating Theme raised. This material, although there was no possibility of application, constitutes a curricular proposal under the STS-Freire approach. This work demonstrates that, despite the enormous challenges posed by the current educational system, it is still possible to do more for education. Reflecting and acting on the reproduction of conservative pedagogical practices that contribute to keeping society passive, in the face of the advances of the capitalism steamroller, is to fight and resist, even within our limits. Understanding Science, Technology and their relationships with Society, in a critical way, can also be transformative.
Análise de atividades de educação ambiental do Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros pela perspectiva da Educação ambiental crítico-transformadora via temas geradores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Oliveira, Aline Recchia de; Pereira, Peônia Brito de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3533497430918304; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-6702; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0792126312209307
Education is the base that constitutes and transforms human beings. Its importance in the individual and social life of individuals is indisputable, requiring that the political-pedagogical development of teaching and learning have a strong foundation in a perspective that will lead all individuals to the place of participants in the construction of their own education and their community, their culture and their country, which manages to penetrate reality and make sense to students when the contents are developed and worked on, and which generates the construction of knowledge that leads individuals to criticality, giving them the power to reflect, problematize, unveil contradictions and overcome their reality, transforming it. With these perspectives, Environmental Education of the Critical-transformative aspect is based on the reflections and educational practices of educator Paulo Freire. However, the present work aims to verify if the EE activities of the Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, in the city of Sorocaba, approach or distance themselves from the pedagogical policy proposal of the Environmental Education of the Critical-transformative, since it is believed that zoos are places with great potential to attract the public and, therefore, should develop their EE activities in the best possible way with an audience of different age groups. To this end, the reports of activities carried out by the institution between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed, pointing out the limits and potential of these activities, based on the categories: dialogue, generating themes and transforming action. The results point to a distancing from the perspective of Critical-Transforming Environmental Education via generative themes, with regard to the categories dialogue and transforming action, and to a potential approximation of the category generative themes, which happened much more through the totalizing analysis than was proposed and worked on in Environmental Education activities at the Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park, based on the foundations of Critical-Transforming Environmental Education via generative themes, rather than the prior adoption of this framework for the development of these activities.
Indução halofílica de comunidade microbiana para biodegradação de microplásticos em ambientes marinhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Ivo, Valéria de Souza; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9854729862145372
The development of technologies to combat microplastics in the marine environment contributes to achieving the goals of the Ocean Decade in the 2030 Agenda. In this context, this research explores the degradation efficiency of microplastics (5 mm) of the polypropylene (PP) type by halophiles induced from the soil simulating marine conditions (salinity 3.5%) as an optimized alternative for depollution, evaluating microbial degradation through the evolution of CO2, given that soil microorganisms have nutritional plasticity and can seek alternative sources of food and when capable of survive environments with high salinity are classified as halophilic microorganisms, this class being more likely to degrade polymers. The use of PP as a material to be degraded is due to the fact that it is one of the most produced non-biodegradable plastic materials worldwide and its presence in the oceans is also the largest. Therefore, the four bacteria were selected from soil collected on the premises of UFSCar-CCA (Araras) and induced into the simulated marine environment. These bacteria were part of the respirometric biodegradation tests, lasting 56 days, in which weekly titrations were carried out to measure CO2 production, this being the main method chosen to evaluate the biodegradation of PP. The material was subjected to two treatments: one with exposure to UV (PPt UV) and the other without treatment (PPi). Subsequent tests verified the interaction and transformations in the polymer, such as (i) colorimetry, (ii) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (iii) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (iv) the percentage of mass loss, (v) substrate consumption tests in solid media to evaluate the presence of microorganisms embedded in the PP after biodegradation, and (vi) ecotoxicity tests with Lactuca sativa. The results of biodegradation through the production of CO2 indicated activity for all four isolates, identified as AS1, AS3, AS4 and AS5, with the AS1 and AS4 strains being the most effective in degrading PP. The data regarding the biodegradation of PP by the AS1 lineage, when it consumes PPt (UV) and PPi, obtains a higher production of CO2, with a difference of 28.3% and 20%, respectively, more compared to the control group in that the AS1 lineage is found consuming only the culture medium and when comparing the PPt (UV) and PPi data associated with the AS4 lineage it is possible to observe an increase of 17% more when the PP undergoes UV treatment. Another interesting fact is the toxicity present in the substrate resulting from the biodegradation of PP on all strains, proving that the degradation pathways of this polymer must be explored in order to develop better studies. Therefore, from this experiment, the evaluation of the biodegradation of PP by soil microorganisms induced in the marine environment, brought significant biodegradation results, mainly from the AS1 and AS4 lineages, obtaining an even greater oxidative degradation when the PP is treated with UV, reveal are microorganisms with great biotechnological potential for PP degradation in marine waters. This research also contributes to more in-depth discussions about the adaptation mechanisms of microorganisms and their multiple functionalities, in addition to proposing studies on the toxicity of biodegradation byproducts with other test organisms.
Biossorção e biodegradação do corante têxtil Guarany 16- azul marinho em meio aquoso por Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Toledo, Sabrina Monteiro; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5687492504736512
Textile industries are responsible for excess amounts of dye waste discarded in water bodies, affecting the ecosystem. The chemical composition of these dyes makes them highly toxic compounds and harmful not only to the environment, but to public health, making bioremediation measures necessary. Biological treatment, when compared to others, demonstrates great potential due to savings, time, effectiveness and reduction of secondary waste. Among the techniques used for treatment, biosorption and biodegradation stand out. This work proposed using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the main bioremediation agent for the dye Guarany 16- Marine Blue through adsorption and biodegradation processes. The adsorption process was evaluated by UV-VIS spectroscopy, based on triplicate tests at concentrations of 5, 10 and 15% of the dye, in solutions of pH 2.5 and 4.5 containing 100μl of live and dead yeast. The biodegradation tests occurred based on the evaluation of growth parameters in minimal YPD medium and dye in Petri dishes, in the dye solution with a concentration of 5%, determined according to the highest adsorption rate of the previous test, with a pH of 2.5. After reading by spectrophotometry, the values were analyzed and mean, median and standard deviation calculations were made in order to standardize the indices and obtain the constant of variation for developing the graphs. The results indicate that the best conditions for adsorption in solution were at pH 2.5, using live biomass, under agitation and at a temperature of 28ºC. The greatest removal efficiency was at a concentration of 5% dye. The maximum adsorption capacity in relation to the initial dye concentration was estimated at up to 70.20%. Furthermore, the yeast was able to biodegrade and grow in the medium during the period of exposure to the dye, demonstrating its bioremediation potential in the treatment of textile effluents.
Afeto na educação infantil: um estudo bibliográfico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Silva, Flávia Mello da; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-5800; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0671169859550134; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3563-834X
The present undergraduate thesis aims to analyze and comprehend the impact of emotional education on the academic development of children in early childhood education. To carry out this work, bibliographic research was conducted online using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), the Portal of Capes Journals, and Google Scholar, in order to find articles whose purpose was to present different perspectives on the topic to enable a proper analysis. The work begins with an introduction to the meaning of "affection" and an explanation of what early childhood education is. From this point, it proceeds to analyze the results of what was found during the research conducted from 2013 to 2022 and then concludes with what was understood based on the findings. The results indicate that affection in early childhood education is extremely important, as it is through it that the child can develop pedagogically and feel more secure as an evolving individual.
A contação de histórias na Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Inocêncio, Maria Helena; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8546268409476304; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2386-1758
The work has as its central theme the importance of storytelling in Early Childhood Education and is organized as follows: the context for choosing the object is exposed in the memorial, based on my experience as an intern. The methodology presents the bibliographic survey procedure. In the theoretical framework, I talk to the references trying to answer the main question-problem which is “What is the importance of storytelling for children in Early Childhood Education?” and the questions arising from this, which constitute the specific objectives: discover the reasons for telling stories to children in Early Childhood Education; discover how the teacher should choose the stories and understand the importance of retelling or recreating stories by children. The results indicate that through storytelling, the child embarks on an adventure, placing herself/himself in it at the same time as a spectator and as an actor, especially at the time of the retelling made by the child, when she/he develops her/his own understandings and perceptions of reality. Storytelling can broaden the meanings of situations experienced by the child, access to cultures and help teachers to get to know the narrative pluralities that children bring to school contexts.
Sintonia CTS: um relato Ator-Rede do programa Pesquisa Brasil da Rádio USP FM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Valle, Luciane Ribeiro do; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-3527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7106869650811723; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-5575
Versatile since its (official) inauguration, on September 7, 1922, radio began in the country at the hands of scientists belonging to the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, who saw in that medium a rich source of education, culture and scientific dissemination. And it is about scientific dissemination on the radio that this research deals with. It develops from the assumptions of STS studies (Science, Technology and Society), dialoguing and intersecting with Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory. A case study of the Pesquisa Brasil program, aired on Rádio USP FM, is carried out. Dating back to 1977, Rádio USP FM is the oldest university radio, on FM frequency, in the country with uninterrupted activity. The path covered here begins with an explanation about the CTS studies, the theoretical choices ending in Bruno Latour, the historical path of scientific dissemination in Brazil, university radio stations, university radio stations in the state of São Paulo, the history of Rádio USP FM and the Pesquisa Brasil program, culminating in a report – in compliance with Latour’s precepts – describing the formation of an ANT (Actor-Network Theory)
A influência de personagens na preferência por alimentos saudáveis na infância: um estudo com base na equivalência de estímulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Paes, Stéfanie Hansen; Santos, Silvana Lopes dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643423784795201; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-888X
The field of attitude studies allows us to investigate how prior experience influences an individual's responses to objects and situations they engage with. This concept can also be used to understand the choice and preference for specific products or foods, using the stimulus equivalence paradigm. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine if children's food preferences could be altered through the transfer of function, using the matching-to-sample method established between a healthy food item and a significant stimulus, in this case, their favorite character. Five preschool children underwent the experimental procedure, which included pre-test data collection with their daycare and caregivers to assess their food preferences and choices before the intervention. It also involved pre-training phases, relational training, and symmetry and transitivity testing. The results indicate that all participants formed equivalence classes containing their favorite character and their least preferred fruit. However, there was no change in food preference assessment after the pairing, which may be related to procedure variables (such as the nodal distance between stimuli) or the strength of pre-experimental relationships, contributing to the literature in the field of attitudes.
Qual é o tempo certo? O uso de telas em crianças escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Fodra, Bruna Motta; Souza, Debora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-7787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5372332731351724; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-8207
Recent research has shown changes in children’s screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how it can potentially affect child development. It is important, however, to better understand parents' perspective on these possible changes, in particular, on the types of devices being used, their function, screen time, and parental control strategies. The goal of the present study was to obtain an understanding of parents' perspective on screen use during and after the period of social isolation. A form (Google form) was sent to parents including questions about the main devices being used, their assessment of them, average screen time, the type of activity done in each device, as well as their strategies to control time and content. Additionally, we explored how parents evaluate their children’s screen use. Results showed that there was an increase in children’s screen time during the pandemic, with a subsequent decrease. Participants can see both positive and negative aspects of screen use, with special interest on potential educational benefits. On the other hand, parents’ reports reveal a significant concern about possible negative effects of excessive screen use (e.g.. agitation, emotional instability). Additionally, almost all participants (96,9%) apply control and restriction measures for screen use, although many of them report important challenges of monitoring children’s screen time and content.
Efeitos das variáveis gênero e sotaque do informante na confiança seletiva de pré-escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Sakashita, Giuliana Naomi; Souza, Debora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-7787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7204050154827001; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2768-8688
Children and adults learn new information in different ways: through direct experience and the testimony of people around them. It is therefore necessary for children to select who, among these people, is trustworthy. Recent research has revealed that children use not only epistemic criteria (e.g., who seems to have the most knowledge about a subject) but also non-epistemic cues to accept informants or information. For example, when two possible informants prove to be equally competent, young children show a preference for an informant who looks more like them (e.g., of the same gender or a native speaker of their language, as opposed to someone who speaks with an accent). When there is evidence of the same reliability history from two possible informants, will children choose the one with a similar accent to their own or the one with the same gender? To answer this question, 73 children aged between 4 and 5 years (Mage = 4 years and 6 months; SDage = 6 months) participated and were administered a selective trust task. Initially, during a familiarization phase, children were shown an animated video in which the characters narrated early parts of the story "The Three Little Pigs", which enabled them to identify the presence of an accent and the gender difference between two informants. During the test phase, the two informants provided conflicting information about the location of a lost object and the child had to choose the testimony of one of them. Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions. For each condition, there were male and female participants. In Condition 1, the two characters were a man and a woman, both with foreign accents. In Condition 2, the informants were a man with a foreign accent and a woman who is a native Portuguese speaker. Condition 3 featured a man who is a native Portuguese speaker and a woman with a foreign accent. No age effect was found in the choice of informants. Data analysis showed that children preferred informants with the same gender as their own (in detriment to those of a different gender) in all conditions. In C1 and C3, significant differences between boys and girls were found with regard to both the preference and the endorsement measures. However, in C2, a significant gender effect was only found for the preference measure. Together, these results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that informants’gender may be more important than accent in their selective trust judgments. Despite the fact that many studies on the topic have been conducted, more research investigating the relationship between different characteristics of the informants is needed.
A cultura indígena dos povos Guarani Ñandeva e Mbyá do Pico do Jaraguá frente aos processos de urbanização da metrópole de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-05) Gazonato, Ana Cláudia Abud; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
The present research was made with the aim of analyze, observe, and understand how there is a clash betweeen the urbanization of São Paulo and the indigenous culture and territoriality of the indigenous land of Jaraguá, inhabited by Guarani Mbyá and Ñandeva .Showing the aspects of urbanization that advance and threaten the permanence and existence of these peoples. This has been consolidated through a fragile brazilian policy regarding the use of land and the territorial maintenance of indigenous peoples. To achieve this goal.the importance of land and territory for indigenous cultures was researched, specifically the Guarani communities of Pico do Jaraguá. The study also works with the idea that these peoples produce their way of lives called Nhandereko, and form a territoriality and a space of resistance where there is a constant fight for land, space and territory, opposing to the hegemony of the neoliberal process of urbanization, globalization and industrialization.