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Caracterização de biominerais a partir das interações entre vivianita e acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, sob diferentes substratos sedimentares, como potencial para bioassinaturas em condições marcianas pretérita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Janolla, Thaís de Agrella
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Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3481327026891705
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-2321
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Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho
The concept of “life” has not yet been established, nor has its origin been clarified. This represents a challenge for the areas of science that strive to investigate the possibility of life in environments other than Earth. Thus, NASA, in a transdisciplinary effort, has increasingly promoted space technologies with the aim of investigating places suitable for the establishment of life on Mars and identifying their biosignatures. Therefore, studying and characterizing biominerals and chemiofossils on our planet is extremely important, considering the fundamental processes that lead to the synthesis of minerals in the presence of microorganisms. This will provide a knowledge base that will enable comparisons with rocks and sediments from Mars. In vitro experimental approaches become important due to the possibility of a detailed study of these processes in controlled environments. Thus, the oxidation of Vivianite, iron phosphate common on Earth and potentially present on Mars, by the bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied to obtain energy, with the aim of characterizing the precipitates formed when different substrates are present. To this end, characterization techniques such as micro-Raman FT-IR and SEM-EDS were applied. Therefore, we contributed to the understanding of the formation of biosignatures and the influence of substrates, and can be applied to terrestrial and Martian environments.
Adolescer: interações sociais e construção identitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Bonelli, Maria Aparecida
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Wernet, Monika
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-3261
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766165900569194
Adolescence is a period that encompasses major changes, physical, psychological, social, among others. It is surrounded by the loss/relocation of the “childish”, by the feeling of not being/wanting to be children anymore. The (re)structuring of identity is launched in the midst of and mobilized by discoveries, bodily changes, hormonal effects, desires and uncertainties that need to be understood and accommodated. The specificities of this phase present themselves as challenges for health professionals, when expanding perspectives, knowledge, skills and abilities emerge as pressing and necessary. Professional attitudes, in my opinion, are disconnected from adolescence. In the health literature, a greater presence of productions focused on risk behaviors and chronic health conditions of adolescents is identified, compared to those that focus on identity and autonomy and the possibilities for professionals. In view of the above, seeking contributions to the health of adolescents with directives to the identity process and, challenged by the guidelines to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was developed in two stages. The first, considering the school as a living space for adolescents, as well as the possibility and potential of the partnership between it and the health sector, included carrying out action research, with the proposal to promote dialogue about relationships and identity adolescents, so that they can explore the issues raised in this theme, supported by the pedagogical strategy of Paulo Freire's Culture Circle. Interdisciplinarity and intersectorality in promoting health and life is a challenge, there is an urgent need for investment in partnerships between Primary Care and schools, health and education professionals, to care for adolescents and their families. In this way, the reflections of this study culminated in the recognition of the power of this partnership based on educational acts in an emancipatory and liberating perspective, highlighting the role of nurses in this context. The culture circles highlighted the importance of understanding efforts towards the needs and expectations of the group, as well as the centrality of trust in establishing dialogue with myself and my peers. Promoting awareness of diversity, respect for each person's speech and positioning to achieve an effectively shared process was a structuring axis in relationships throughout the circle. Furthermore, cultural circles pointed out to me the relevance of friendly relationships, especially in terms of trust and support in life challenges. Family relationships were also discussed in the light of trust and support for life's challenges, but in the group worked, they were less relevant when compared to friendship. In the reflection processes, the adolescents brought up abusive and violent relationships in the context of friendships and family, sufferings that infer negative projections in relation to adulthood. This intervention took place in the second half of 2019, beginning in the first academic semester of 2020, interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose containment of its spread has social isolation as a structuring factor. Approaching the adolescents in this first stage allowed us to understand the construction of their identities, with emphasis on the social interactions established in this process. In this way, valuing the experience learned, there is an interest in expanding understandings about adolescents' relational processes and their perceptions regarding their identity, autonomy, life project and health, considering the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic at this stage of life. In particular, I asked myself about the impact of isolation, of restriction on social relationships, once I understood the essentiality of social interactions in shaping the adolescent's identity. The human being is essentially social and adolescence has social interactions as a relevant core for development processes. Thus, the objective of the second phase of the study was to understand adolescence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the developments in the construction of identity. For a better understanding of this doctoral process, the first and second stages of the study will be presented in chapters I and II, respectively.
Um estudo sobre arquivos de literatura digital: sistema literário e legitimação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Estevão, Natália Cristina
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Rocha, Rejane Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-6846
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1497697699612332
In the contemporary era of overwhelming informational production (ROCHA, 2023), preserving digital culture poses a significant challenge. Digital productions, particularly within the realm of literature, often teeter on the “verge of disappearance” (BEIGUELMAN, 2014). In response to this threat, archives have played a vital role in attempting to safeguard digital literature from erasure. Often, digital literature archives have actively engaged in mapping, selecting, and systematically making available both artistic and critical works. With this in mind, this study aims to investigate three different archives: i. Electronic Literature Organization (1999), based in the United States of America, ii. Observatório de Literatura Digital Brasileira (2019), developed in Brazil, and iii. Ciberia Project (2014), based in Spain. Given the assumption that a digital literary system is currently in development (ROCHA, 2023), our hypothesis posits that the archives under examination serve as the principal institutional territories of digital literature. They play a central role in facilitating the circulation and consolidation of a comprehensive repertoire on this subject. Thus, this research seeks to comprehend the operating principles of these archives, which play a crucial role in preserving cultural and literary memory. To achieve this, we adopt a systemic perspective of literature (EVEN-ZOHAR, 2017) to study the specific characteristics of each archive while acknowledging the diverse and intricate relationships between them. For our investigation, we employ the literary factors scheme (EVEN-ZOHAR, 2017) as the research methodology, supplemented by the descriptive approach (CANCLINI, 2016). By studying the norms governing these archives, we delineate their distinct characteristics, thus revealing the potential impact of archival actions on the digital literary system. Consequently, we recognize that these archives may offer distinct perspectives on how to interpret the digital literature – a subject still in development (SALGADO, 2020) – stored within them.
A educação das relações étnico-raciais no ensino de arte a partir de uma perspectiva intercultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Breda, Patricia Rodrigues
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Galizia, Fernando Stanzione
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-0733
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8241642945872758
This dissertation addresses "The education of ethnic-racial relations in art teaching from an intercultural perspective", investigating, from the perspective of critical interculturality, how the Art textbook - Teacher's Manual, intended for the 5th grade of elementary school and used in the municipal network of Rio Claro-SP, acts for the education of ethnic-racial relations. The specific objectives are to Analyze whether the textbook recognizes and demystifies black and indigenous subjects; Verify whether the textbook contributes to promoting public policies to combat racism and provide racial equality, recognizing the social movements linked to black and indigenous subjects; Ascertain whether the textbook values knowledge that is not based on a Eurocentric perspective; Examine whether the socio-educational practices proposed in the textbook modify the usual dynamics of educational processes. The literature review was based on authors who discuss themes involving "art teaching", "ethnic-racial relations" and "indigenous culture". The theoretical bases that make up the framework used have critical interculturality as their central axis, based on the book entitled "Intercultural Critical Didactics: Approaches", organized by Vera Maria Candau. The research uses the qualitative paradigm, using documentary analysis as a method and the content analysis technique for data processing, through the investigation of textbooks, with the aim of understanding whether there is an approach to the education of ethnic-racial relations from a critical intercultural perspective. The general conclusion reached through the analysis of the data is that black people and their culture are present in the book and are not in a "tribal" or folklorized conception - which can already be seen as a step forward. However, we need to go further and approach these black identities and cultures from an anti-racist perspective. When it comes to indigenous peoples, their cultures do not appear in textbooks. In order for this situation to change, it is necessary for the curriculum of undergraduate courses to be altered - including education for ethnic-racial relations - for schools and universities to develop partnerships and for teachers to be provided with ongoing training involving these issues.
Estudo do processamento de filmes finos nanocristalinos a partir da irradiação de luz ultravioleta de sistemas de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Wilges, Matheus Bittencourt
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Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0716302947827479
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https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0144-9256
In general, nanoceramics are produced from the sintering process of compacted systems of nanometric powders, whose consolidation process is favored by the high surface energy of the nanoparticles. However, such a processing route has important challenges for the production of nanocrystalline materials. Furthermore, and no less challenging, the microstructural control itself during the sintering process of nanoparticles is complex, notably the preservation of the nanometric size of the grains is hampered by the processes of coalescence and grain growth during sintering. Despite the advancement of unconventional sintering processes, such techniques require high investment and increase the complexity of the process. Given this scenario, this work studied the formation of nanocrystalline films of metal oxides (ZrO2 and TiO2) by the consolidation of nanoparticles, without the aid of additional thermal energy (i.e., at room temperature). The films were formed from nanoparticles colloids from the materials under study, deposited on surfaces and consolidation promoted by the removal of ligands from their surfaces by ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the work proposes the formation of nanoceramics (in the form of thin films) using primarily the surface energy of the nanoparticles, without heat treatment, in order to control the growth of the grains and, consequently, preserve the nanostructure
Crime e geração: a universalização do ensino fundamental no encarceramento, um horizonte que visibiliza o irredento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Prata, Simone Ribeiro Monteiro
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-4586
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3387540015821001
The number of incarcerated individuals shows a progressive increase with each survey conducted by INFOPEN - National Penitentiary Information Survey. This increase is notable among individuals over 45 years of age. The research problem of this study is to understand the relationship between the educational level of inmates and the universalization of basic education in Brazil. We investigate the influence of these factors on the increase in incarceration. To understand this possible connection, an analysis of the process of universalization of primary education in Brazil was conducted, as well as the trajectory of incarceration in the country, in order to ascertain whether individuals belonging to generations that attended school before the process of universalization and mandatory primary education, established by the Constitution of 1988, represent a larger portion of the prison population. Based on the specific objectives, this research involved a qualitative approach. Initially, stages of bibliographic research and analysis of official data on the process of universalization of basic education in Brazil were carried out, as well as information about the incarcerated population through INFOPEN. These stages allowed contextualizing the phenomenon of incarceration and understanding the relationship between schooling and the increase in the number of people deprived of liberty. In addition, information was collected directly from research participants. Questionnaires were administered and interviews were conducted with individuals over 50 years of age in situations of deprivation of liberty at the Compact Penitentiary of Avanhandava - SP. These interviews allowed investigating the educational trajectories of the participants, including frequency, interruption, and level of education attained. Aspects related to the domestic and socioeconomic environment were also explored, as well as possible factors that contributed to the interruption of studies, such as the need to work and the lack of encouragement from the domestic nucleus. The analysis revealed that the lack of access to quality education and early interruption of studies contribute to prison trajectories. Economic difficulties and the lack of encouragement from the domestic nucleus play a significant role. Although the participants' narratives do not provide a complete understanding of the crimes committed, they highlight the complexity of socioeconomic factors and the domestic environment that contribute to involvement in the prison system. The lack of educational opportunities and the interruption of studies exacerbate social, economic, and familial inequalities, creating a conducive environment for criminal activities.
Como a diversidade beta e a heterogeneidade dos usos do solo afetam a polínização do sub-bosque florestal?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Soares, Raimunda Gomes Silva
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Lopes, Luciano Elsinor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-8972
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0432996860060252
Ecological processes occur and interact in the landscape, which is why the study of landscape relationships with key ecosystem processes such as pollination can contribute to the development of more sustainable land use strategies. We studied the effect of landscape characteristics on the pollination of forest understory species, considering the relationships with beta diversity in the composition of plants and floral visiting bees and analysis of how the heterogeneity of land uses in the landscape can contribute to pollination. In areas of Atlantic Forest, State of São Paulo, we selected 28 landscapes of 1km radius in a gradient of forest cover. In each fragment we built hexagonal plots where we collected open flowers for analysis of pollination and floral visitors. In 20 landscapes, floral visitors were also sampled in adjacent open areas, in transects of up to 100m. We generated the following data: Landscape Shannon Index, proportion of use classes, composition of bee and plant assemblages in the understory and adjacent unmanaged open area, and measures of pollination of understory plants. In the first chapter we analyze the total beta diversity between different environments in the landscape, if it occurs predominantly by turnover or nesting, we relate it to pollination rates and finally we investigate whether the proportion of forest influences this diversity. We found that all environments have different species composition, mainly due to the high turnover rate, but that the difference in nestedness favors pollination in the understory and that the percentage of forest does not influence this diversity. We discuss that the high turnover may be due to increased isolation because of fragmentation and because the Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot with a high incidence of endemism and rarity among species, making this pattern of high turnover a trend in view of this high heterogeneity, natural in this environment. We also saw that pollination is favored by the sharing of species between forest areas and unmanaged open areas, making these regions complementary habitats. In the second chapter, we investigate whether the benefit of heterogeneity of land uses is due to a complementary effect of different types of environments, or to increase the probability of occurrence of favorable uses. We found that the proportion of unmanaged open areas, in interaction with the proportion of forest areas, contributed more to understory pollination than the heterogeneity of non-forest uses. This result reinforces that some anthropic uses are more favorable than others in maintaining pollinators and pollination. We conclude that priority should be given to the conservation of the greatest possible number of areas of natural vegetation, as well as the promotion of anthropic uses that provide resources for the species associated with them, and that the greater heterogeneity of uses is positive because it increases the chance of occurrence of favorable uses.
Ferramentas moleculares aplicadas ao estudo de parasitas emergentes em Leishmaniose visceral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27)
Takamiya, Nayore Tamie
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Maruyama, Sandra Regina Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5719754923228879
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-1452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6422940683742319
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases considered important to public health. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the disease, which affects organs such as spleen, bone marrow, liver and lymph nodes. It is caused by Leishmania infantum in Brazil. Advances in Molecular Biology tools have provided alternatives for diagnostics at research reference centers. Studies have demonstrated the presence of monoxenous trypanosomatids (Leptomas spp. and Crithidia spp.) in the clinical spectrum of Leishmaniasis. The clinical implications of these trypanosomatid species in Leishmaniasis are unknown, and the impact of these infections has rarely been studied. Further research is necessary to identify and investigate these species. Therefore, this work presented two goals to advance knowledge about this emerging VL parasites. The first one was to identify new species-specific genes able of discriminating between L. infantum and Crithidia sp. in clinical and experimental samples. The secod one was to obtain genetically modified strains of parasites expressing fluorescent reporter genes through genetic engineering and cell transfection techniques, such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in Crithidia sp. LVH60A (strain LVH60a_C1) and mCherry in the HUUFS14 strain of L. infantum. Primers designed to identify L. infantum (LinJ31seq and LinJ31_2420) and Crithidia sp. (Crid2.1seq, LVH60_Tig001, and Catalase-LVH60_12060_1F) showed a good performance of detection. These primers have been extensively validated, both for species identification (qualitatively) and for estimation of parasite load (quantitatively) in experimental and clinical VL samples, covering a variety of vertebrate hosts. Through molecular screening and analysis of 62 clinical isolates from VL patients using these species-specific genes, it was possible to identify 51 parasite cultures with positive PCR results for Crithidia sp. Interestingly, qPCR assays indicated co-infection of L. infantum with Crithidia sp. LVH60A in two new cases of VL in Sergipe. Furthermore, by re-evaluating clinical samples from a case of VL from Sergipe published in 2019, it was found that the patient was co-infected with these two species of trypanosomatids. With the cell transfection experiments, it was possible to transform the HUUFS14 strain (L. infantum) expressing the fluorescent gene mCherry, presenting phenotypic characteristics similar to those of the wild-type strain and keeping infective capacity in in vitro infection assays. The transfection protocols tested in this study were inefficient for the transformation of Crithidia sp. LVH60A, highlighting the peculiarities of the parasite. Overall, this study was important in establishing new molecular targets that can be used to improve the diagnosis of VL. Furthermore, such targets show promise for future investigations, aiming to deepen our understanding of the role of monoxenic trypanosomatids in VL pathology and/or as potential emerging parasites.
A relevância de Domício da Gama e de seus contos para o estudo do impressionismo literário no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-28)
Caetano, Ricardo Welinton
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Sandanello, Franco Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3600443618417764
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-1477
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9217048227967479
A study proposition about Domício da Gama could begin with several scenarios, whether from his relevance as a diplomat or from his contribution as a journalist. However, what is intended here is to provide a meaningful approach to his contribution, as a writer, to Brazilian literature, especially to literary impressionism in Brazil. Reflecting on the relevance of Domício's work aims to rectify the injustice done to a writer whose value was recognized during his lifetime, but which unfortunately faded away over the years after his death. Therefore, the research focus on the first phase of the writer, a period in which literary impressionism was more pronounced in his work, especially in the short stories published between 1886 and 1898. In order to do this, it is essential to briefly explain what impressionism is, from its origins in painting to its manifestation in other arts, especially literature, in order to support its existence in Domício's work. Among the short stories written during this period, we will focus on "The Song of the King of Tule", "Scherzo", "Tale of Truth" and "Alma Nova", because they all share a common feature: the use of sound as a way of broadening the sensory experience of fictional entities. Consequently, it is necessary to turn to narrative theories for an analysis of the narrative process of these short stories, especially the types of narrator and focalization employed by them.
Continuidade do cuidado de crianças nascidas prematuramente egressas de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-28)
Ribeiro, Nathalia Silva
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Okido, Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4358128584478380
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-5612
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9744301343095938
Objective: To measure the perception of mothers and/or caregivers of prematurely born children regarding the continuity of care after discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with mothers and/or caregivers of prematurely born children discharged from intensive care between 2018 and 2020. A partnership was established with the Brazilian Association of Parents, Family Members, Friends, and Caregivers of Premature Babies - Prematurity NGO to recruit participants. Data collection took place remotely through the application of a sociodemographic characterization instrument and the Special Needs Kids Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Ethical principles were followed. Results: 395 mothers and/or caregivers participated. The average gestational age was 29 weeks, average birth weight was 1331 grams, and the average hospitalization duration was approximately 60 days. Regarding the care received, 198 (50.13%) participants reported that the child had health insurance, 77 (19.49%) exclusively used public health services, and 120 (30.38%) used both. The doctor was indicated as the reference professional by 360 (93.75%) participants, and only 5 (1.30%) highlighted the nurse. Approximately 18% of the participants indicated that they had to "often" repeat information about the child's health that should have been in the medical records. Of the total, 48.9% indicated that they "sometimes" felt unsupported by the healthcare system. Conclusions: The results achieved the expected objective and highlighted gaps in the continuity of care.
Dialogicidade e interdisciplinaridade na prática: explorando estratégias para fomentar o planejamento coletivo entre docentes de ciências da natureza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-28)
Araújo, Bruna Soares
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Sales, Nilva Lúcia Lombardi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6092092558776882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7204960883341207
The year 2022 outlined the implementation of the new curriculum regulating Brazilian High Schools in both public and private institutions. The foundational knowledge and skills to be developed at this educational level are described within the Common National Base Curriculum framework. This regulatory document underwent restructuring aiming to align with the intentions of that new educational proposal. In this new framework, subjects were reorganized into knowledge areas. For instance, Biology, Physics, and Chemistry were merged within the "Natural Sciences and its Technologies" area, which joined the subjects aiming to foster knowledge, competencies, and skills in an integrated manner. In this context, our main goal was to identify strategies to promote a dialogic planning perspective, enabling better ongoing teacher development by setting up meetings that were expanded into collective planning of a focal area. We hypothesize that these strategies should facilitate the implementation of classes based on knowledge areas rather than individual subjects (a perspective that most teachers graduated on), aligning with the new educational framework. We explored that strategy in a Brazilian private high school setting under the Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial (SENAC) pedagogical proposal. We settled the Interdisciplinarity theoretical categories in the field of Natural Sciences and their Technologies on the above-mentioned institution. Through a qualitative approach, we had a sample size of thirteen teachers from Technical High School at SENAC, located in an interior city in São Paulo State. A suitable methodological path to explore our hypothesis was the interactive methodology. Therefore, we applied a questionnaire to eleven SENAC teachers, excluding Natural Sciences and Technologies teachers. Subsequently, the two teachers of Natural Sciences and its Technologies participated in interviews, initially individually, and later, collectively, based on the Hermeneutic-Dialectical Circle technique. Our results suggest that the training meetings and the strategies raised by this research do promote more dialogic collective planning events serving as ongoing teachers' learning moments. Based on these dialogues, we created and used a conceptual and visual tool, entitled “Interdisciplinary Nexus”, which facilitates dialogue between teachers from different subjects, fostering interdisciplinary. With the Interdisciplinary Nexus, four other strategies were developed and put into practice to enhance the implementation of the interdisciplinary pedagogical proposals aimed at the new high school curriculum. While our research focused on a single institution and a specific group of teachers, we believe that the tools and strategies developed herein are valid for other Brazilian schools, serving as support for teachers seeking to address the new educational demands within their daily classroom routines.
Um olhar para experiências de projetos de exibição audiovisual em cidades do interior do Brasil: apropriação dos espaços públicos e geração de pertencimento das comunidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-28)
Silva, Thayna Cristina da
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Santiago, Glauber Lúcio Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9385173410103898
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Meleiro, Alessandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295602368246392
Although the distribution of national cinema has been easier with the digital revolution and with popularization of mobile devices, we are far from reaching an ideal circumstance of social inclusion of the peripheral population in this context of enjoyment. Based on this issue, this article will present the relationship between cinema and public spaces in inner cities neighborhoods located in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte , discussing how the bond of these two concepts can serve as an instrument to make culture and, more specifically, the seventh art accessible to those in whom conventional movie theaters are out of reach, through SWOT analysis and in-depth interviews of the initiatives Kurta na Kombi, Cine Educação, Cine Cidade and Cine Solar. Structural aspects such as work models, financing and operation were investigated through surveys applied to volunteers and spectators. Therefore, the present work will discuss cinema from its educational, transformative and citizenship potential, in addition to highlighting the importance of visibility for the theme, besides making public and more transparent information that can shorten ways for the emergence of new exhibition initiatives in peripheral contexts.
Análise do comportamento mecânico de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço recicladas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-28)
Coelho, Luiza Campos
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Milani, Margot Fabiana Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9324192204449423
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-3931
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5514626742880019
Aiming to minimize environmental impacts, several scientists are looking at ways to recycle, reuse and take advantage of materials that have reached the end of their useful life, such as waste tires, which generate millions of tons of discarded materials per year. Following resolutions from environmental agencies, the tire industry began to divert waste tires so that the components could be used as inputs in other industries. Recent studies point to a potential replacement of industrial steel fibers, used as reinforcement in concrete structures in civil construction, with steel fibers extracted from scrap tires. Therefore, this exploratory research carried out a Systematic Literature Review – RSL on the topic and an experimental program. RSL presented an overview of research on the subject and guided the development of the experimental program based on a broad analysis of the experimental studies analyzed. The experimental program separated and characterized the FAR used in the research, also characterized the constituent materials of the CRF, and characterized the CRF in the fresh state and in the hardened state, varying the type of fiber added in FAR and FAI; and the addition content, in: 0, 0.3% and 0.6%. To understand the influence of adding fibers in the fresh state, the slump and frustum tests and the entrained air test were carried out. To analyze the behavior in the hardened state, tensile, compression and flexion tests were carried out. From the RSL it was possible to conclude that industrial steel fibers can be replaced by recycled steel fibers without significant losses in the mechanical properties of the structural element, under the actions of compression, tension, shear and flexion. Likewise, from the experimental program, it was possible to conclude that FAR added to concrete decreases the workability of the mixture, increases the porosity of the mixture, decreases the compressive strength, increases the tensile strength, increases the flexural strength, provide a decrease in residual resistance; In general, the behavior was similar to the behavior of the FAI. It is important to highlight that the comparison between fiber types is complex due to the heterogeneity of FAR characteristics.
Estudo ab initio de materiais bidimensionais emergentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-28)
Querne, Mateus Bazan Peters
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Lima, Matheus Paes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1835846543912999
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-7649
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5406500995477450
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted much attention in the last decade due to their unusual properties such as high degree of anisotropy and chemical flexibility. Since the isolation of a graphene layer, a wide variety of 2D materials have been reported in the literature, especially silicene and transition metal dichalcogenides. In particular, monochalcogenides and Janus demonstrate attractive properties for optoelectronic applications. Monochalcogenides are represented by the chemical formula MQ, where M is a chemical element from groups III-V (Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, P, As and Sb) and Q is a chalcogen (S, Se and Te), while Janus are asymmetric structures that have characteristics on the sides of the layer of the material, i.e. SGeGeSe, SSnSnSe, SGeSnS and SeGeSnSe. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) was applied through ab initio simulations to estimate the stability and the optoelectronic properties of these materials. Initially the mocochalcogenides of groups III-V were studied in structures based in 11 different space groups found in the literature. From these structures, an overview of the most stable structures for each composition, as well as the energetic and vibrational stability, in addition to the electronic properties of these materials, was provided. Group IV monochalcogenides aroused interest due to the competition between structures P-3m1 and Pmn2_1 for the energetic preference of the compounds. The structures Pmn2_1 were experimentally reported in the literature, however, we show that the structures P-3m1 are more stable and have optoelectronic properties different from the structures already reported. From structures P-3m1, Janus structures with internal and external asymmetry were generated. It was possible to analyze the energetic, dynamic and mechanical stability of these materials, in addition to being possible to identify the asymmetry through the Bader charge analysis.
Manifesto Negro: experiências negras da formação à prática em terapia ocupacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Ambrosio, Alekin Antonio
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Silva, Carla Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8433188990022599
In order to investigate how racism and raciality are present and interfere in the process of graduate training in occupational therapy, from the experience of black people, this Thesis-Manifesto is made from a participatory investigation, which, under a critical postcolonial perspective on the production of knowledge and an Afrodiasporic perspective for the production of knowledge, it is extrapolated as a militant-investigation in the production of complaints. This thesis has its genesis in the Brazilian racist context: anchored in eugenic attempts to prove the inferiority of Black, Indigenous and mestizo people, to the myth of racial democracy created by Gilberto Freyre as a political proposal to whiten the population. In contrast to eugenics theories, anti-racist movements were solidified, especially with the entry of a few Black intellectuals into Brazilian universities from 1930 onwards. Thus, the myth of racial democracy came to be constantly and rigorously criticized. Important works such as those of Florestan Fernandes, Abdias do Nascimento, Lélia Gonzalez, Beatriz Nascimento and Sueli Carneiro, contributed to analyses of Brazilian society and socio-racial inequality that demystified the supposed existence of a racial democracy. From the Amefrican perspective of Lélia Gonzalez, we follow the theoretical perspective of "racism to Brazilian", which is manifested both by violence against those who represent a Black, Indigenous or mestizo identity, and by the denial of the violence perpetrated. In addition to other notions of racism already explored, we have constructed the concept of rhizomatic racism – a network of connections so complex that it is no longer possible to identify the beginning or the end, it is necessary to map it in all its ramifications of life, as well as to understand its past-present-future temporal extension and its spatial dimension of occupation of inhabited territories. Inserted in the Brazilian social historical processes, Occupational Therapy also has its contribution to the maintenance and reproduction of racist health structures, from the development of its epistemologies and foundations, through the training of new professionals, to what comes in practice to the people who are served. The first phase of the research, with trained professionals, was composed of three stages: 1) Mapping of professionals; 2) Selection of professionals for the interview; and 3) Unstructured interview. The material of the first phase was analyzed from the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The second stage was performed with occupational therapy students, from an online form, analyzed under the Thematic Analysis (TA). And the third phase comprised a Document Analysis (DA) from the Curricular Projects of the undergraduate courses in Occupational Therapy in Brazil. In the end, it is up to us to undertake criticisms of the past and present of occupational therapy, in the search for an Afrofuturist, ancestral, countercolonial process for the formation and practice of occupational therapy. In our analysis, racism operates in the lives of Black people, going through their education to their professional life. We point out, from Abdias Nascimento and Beatriz Nascimento, the idea of community around the concept of quilombo, as an updated institution of grouping among Black people, as a political-cultural strategy, a creative unit of resistance against colonialism and everyday racism, historical continuity, survival, and cultural resistance of Black communities.
Profissionalismo: percepção de estudantes do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Alagoas - Campus de Arapiraca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Menezes, Marcelo Calazans Duarte de
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Aquilante, Aline Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7122674923081721
The technological advances in science that occurred in the last century have improved the accuracy of diagnostics and treatment in health; on the other hand, it robotized the relationships between doctors and their patients. From this perspective, there is an urgent need to debate the construction of a new model for medical professionalism, which seeks to humanize this complex relationship. Within this new concept of professionalism, medical schools need to be aware that topics such as bioethics, communication, patient autonomy and social justice are included in the teaching and learning process of students. Problematizing the concept of medical professionalism as a professor of the Medicine course at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) - Arapiraca Campus and a master's student in the Postgraduate Program in Clinical Management (PPGGC), the following research question was reached: How does the student body of the Medicine course at UFAL - Arapiraca Campus perceive, throughout their undergraduate studies, the development of their competence profile in relation to professionalism? Therefore, the general objective of the present study is to understand the perception of the student body at UFAL - Arapiraca Campus with regard to the development of the competence profile in relation to professionalism throughout the medical degree. The specific objectives are: to understand and discuss the principles and conceptions about professionalism from the student perspective; and evoke learning opportunities about professionalism experienced during the medical course. This is a cross-sectional and exploratory case study in which a qualitative research approach was used. An online focus group was held with students about to enter the final year of the Medicine course. The material was analyzed according to the Meaning Interpretation Method. Regarding ethical aspects, all students were invited and informed about the possible risks of the research, and the Free and Consent Form (TCLE) was presented. The reinterpretation of contextualized speeches gave rise to categories of analysis that have an ingrained dialogue with professionalism, namely: Communication and Humanization; Professionalism and Comprehensiveness of care; and Hidden Curriculum. It was noticeable that several attributes related to professionalism are being incorporated by students throughout their degree, such as: responsibility, self-reflection, respect for patients, ethics, teamwork and social responsibility. However, the hidden curriculum appeared as an obstacle to the development of professionalism attributes. In order to mitigate the harmful effects of the hidden curriculum, a set of actions derived from this research was developed, which can be characterized as a Technical Product: insertion of the term medical professionalism in menus of educational modules related to medical practice that make up the new version of the Course PPC, published in August 2023; and the offer of an Active Learning Methodologies course, starting in August 2023, for 80% of the course's teachers, with the aim of improving the teaching-learning process for the development of attributes of medical professionalism.
Um modelo matemático via sistema baseado em regras fuzzy para avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Lunetta, Camila
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Peixoto, Magda da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326089722678578
This work aims to propose a model/tool through a rule-based fuzzy system to assist the teacher in the complex task of evaluating student learning, aiming to consider subjective aspects inherent in the evaluation process. The major contribution of this tool is that the teacher will be able to choose which and how many forms of assessment to adopt to determine the student's final grade. The main advantage of the model is the ability to classify students' performance by considering the use of different criteria (input variables) for the composition of the final grade (output variable), using qualitative and quantitative information treated as fuzzy sets. Subsequently, we applied this model in a Mathematics class in the Middle School of a public school. For computational implementation of the model, the MATLAB software Toolbox Fuzzy and the Python programming language were used. We hope that the proposed model here becomes a new and useful tool to assist educators in determining students' performance throughout the academic year.
A diversidade críptica da comunidade zooplanctônica em lagoas intermitentes do semiárido brasileiro: avaliação dos mecanismos de resiliência a alterações ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Santos, Felipe Antonio dos
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Melo Júnior, Mauro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6735233221650148
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7963-1205
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Rocha, Odete
The zooplankton community plays a highly relevant role in temporary freshwater ecosystems. Comprising various groups of organisms such as rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, and other microcrustaceans, including Anostraca and Conchostraca, this community plays a vital role in maintaining the health and stability of these environments. It acts as a key link in energy flow and nutrient cycling, connecting different trophic levels and influencing the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamics and resilience of the zooplankton community in temporary ponds located in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Our main objective was to evaluate the impact of different environmental conditions, such as soil type and trophic state of the ponds, on this community. In the first article, we identified that both soil type and trophic state of the ponds exert a significant influence on the presence or absence of various zooplankton species. These findings revealed that some species occur preferentially in clearer environments, while others prefer turbid environments. In the second article, we analyzed the hatching rates of resting forms and the resilience of the zooplankton community, which were influenced by the depth and soil type of the ponds. Remarkably, ponds with rocky soil exhibited a higher hatching rate compared to ponds with clayey soil. We also found that the difference in the composition of hatched organisms increases as the depth of the pond increases. In the third article, we investigated how the hatching rate of the dormant zooplankton community is affected by land use and occupation in the surrounding areas of the ponds. We found that human impact near temporary ponds is directly related to a lower hatching rate of the dormant community, especially in more impacted environments. This research provided a comprehensive insight into the dynamics of the zooplankton community in temporary ponds in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, highlighting the importance of environmental conditions such as soil type and trophic state of the ponds in the initial composition and temporal succession of communities.
Fatores de risco para infecção do trato urinário: revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Oliveira, Daniela de
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-4206
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3317253835540946
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections worldwide and rank among the leading causes of hospitalization due to pathogens, posing a significant threat to public health. Objective: To map the knowledge produced regarding risk factors for UTIs in adult and elderly populations across different types of healthcare services and in the community. Method: This review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. The research question guiding the study was: "What are the risk factors for urinary tract infections identified in adult and elderly populations in different healthcare services and in the community?" Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published within the last five years, involving adult patients, and written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. The search was conducted in April 2023 in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (BVS), SciELO, and Web of Science. The keywords used were "risk factor," "urinary tract infection," "adults," "pyelonephritis," and "cystitis." The final sample consisted of 37 studies. Results: The included studies addressed different groups and contexts and were categorized into eight main themes: (1) Risk factors for UTIs in patients with diabetes mellitus; (2) in patients undergoing kidney transplantation; (3) in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria; (4) in recurrent UTIs in women; (5) in patients undergoing surgical procedures and others; (6) in patients with neurological impairment; (7) in patients with long-term urinary catheterization; and (8) risk factors identified in studies addressing diverse topics. Various risk factors were identified depending on the population studied. A tendency was observed to explore risk factors within groups already known to be susceptible to developing UTIs, such as women and patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as in specific situations like infections caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms, post-kidney transplantation, surgical procedures, and urinary catheterization. Conclusion: Given the complexity and magnitude of UTIs as a global health issue, it is crucial to develop further studies that consolidate existing knowledge and explore the existence of new risk factors across different populations and contexts, especially concerning community-acquired UTIs. It is also essential to identify effective measures for the prevention and control of UTIs by nursing and healthcare professionals.
Proposição de protocolo para avaliação do uso racional da água em canteiro de obras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-29)
Broggio, Lucas
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Serra, Sheyla Mara Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8528385567782505
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-976X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8165950845102990
The market has been seeking more sustainable ventures, mainly due to requirements in financing and the obligation to comply with public contracts, reducing production costs. The research object was to study the consumption of water in construction sites, which has greater weight in environmental certifications, has a more significant impact on construction processes and availability of technologies, and the existence of good practices that provide better use of this resource. The method proposed consisted of the elaboration and application of a research protocol consisting of a qualitative questionnaire that allowed the classification of the level of good practices to reduce water consumption observed during the construction site operation. The protocol obtained responses from 26 construction sites, with different typologies ranging from 112m² to 80,000m², located in nine Brazilian states. The questionnaire results revealed that those with the highest sustainable rating had adopted strategic planning and implemented actions to achieve high standards of quality and innovation in reducing water consumption. Among the categories, the constructions performed better in implementing sustainable measures related to "Construction Site Water Supply and Distribution" (52% average). In comparison, the category "Construction Site Structure" had the lowest average (22%), indicating the need for significant improvements in this aspect. The proposed protocol can be used as a tool to encourage and disseminate good practices for the rational use of water at the construction site. The emphasis on this topic drives the continuous development of business processes, regardless of size and sector of operation, promoting the dissemination of management models for continuous improvement and fostering a culture of sustainability in the construction sector.