Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2023-09-27"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Caracterização de biominerais a partir das interações entre vivianita e acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, sob diferentes substratos sedimentares, como potencial para bioassinaturas em condições marcianas pretérita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Janolla, Thaís de Agrella; Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3481327026891705; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-2321; Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070166380084691; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3782-7293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7621266407191505; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-9316
The concept of “life” has not yet been established, nor has its origin been clarified. This represents a challenge for the areas of science that strive to investigate the possibility of life in environments other than Earth. Thus, NASA, in a transdisciplinary effort, has increasingly promoted space technologies with the aim of investigating places suitable for the establishment of life on Mars and identifying their biosignatures. Therefore, studying and characterizing biominerals and chemiofossils on our planet is extremely important, considering the fundamental processes that lead to the synthesis of minerals in the presence of microorganisms. This will provide a knowledge base that will enable comparisons with rocks and sediments from Mars. In vitro experimental approaches become important due to the possibility of a detailed study of these processes in controlled environments. Thus, the oxidation of Vivianite, iron phosphate common on Earth and potentially present on Mars, by the bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied to obtain energy, with the aim of characterizing the precipitates formed when different substrates are present. To this end, characterization techniques such as micro-Raman FT-IR and SEM-EDS were applied. Therefore, we contributed to the understanding of the formation of biosignatures and the influence of substrates, and can be applied to terrestrial and Martian environments.
Adolescer: interações sociais e construção identitária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Bonelli, Maria Aparecida; Wernet, Monika; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-3261; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2766165900569194; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-4411
Adolescence is a period that encompasses major changes, physical, psychological, social, among others. It is surrounded by the loss/relocation of the “childish”, by the feeling of not being/wanting to be children anymore. The (re)structuring of identity is launched in the midst of and mobilized by discoveries, bodily changes, hormonal effects, desires and uncertainties that need to be understood and accommodated. The specificities of this phase present themselves as challenges for health professionals, when expanding perspectives, knowledge, skills and abilities emerge as pressing and necessary. Professional attitudes, in my opinion, are disconnected from adolescence. In the health literature, a greater presence of productions focused on risk behaviors and chronic health conditions of adolescents is identified, compared to those that focus on identity and autonomy and the possibilities for professionals. In view of the above, seeking contributions to the health of adolescents with directives to the identity process and, challenged by the guidelines to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was developed in two stages. The first, considering the school as a living space for adolescents, as well as the possibility and potential of the partnership between it and the health sector, included carrying out action research, with the proposal to promote dialogue about relationships and identity adolescents, so that they can explore the issues raised in this theme, supported by the pedagogical strategy of Paulo Freire's Culture Circle. Interdisciplinarity and intersectorality in promoting health and life is a challenge, there is an urgent need for investment in partnerships between Primary Care and schools, health and education professionals, to care for adolescents and their families. In this way, the reflections of this study culminated in the recognition of the power of this partnership based on educational acts in an emancipatory and liberating perspective, highlighting the role of nurses in this context. The culture circles highlighted the importance of understanding efforts towards the needs and expectations of the group, as well as the centrality of trust in establishing dialogue with myself and my peers. Promoting awareness of diversity, respect for each person's speech and positioning to achieve an effectively shared process was a structuring axis in relationships throughout the circle. Furthermore, cultural circles pointed out to me the relevance of friendly relationships, especially in terms of trust and support in life challenges. Family relationships were also discussed in the light of trust and support for life's challenges, but in the group worked, they were less relevant when compared to friendship. In the reflection processes, the adolescents brought up abusive and violent relationships in the context of friendships and family, sufferings that infer negative projections in relation to adulthood. This intervention took place in the second half of 2019, beginning in the first academic semester of 2020, interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose containment of its spread has social isolation as a structuring factor. Approaching the adolescents in this first stage allowed us to understand the construction of their identities, with emphasis on the social interactions established in this process. In this way, valuing the experience learned, there is an interest in expanding understandings about adolescents' relational processes and their perceptions regarding their identity, autonomy, life project and health, considering the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic at this stage of life. In particular, I asked myself about the impact of isolation, of restriction on social relationships, once I understood the essentiality of social interactions in shaping the adolescent's identity. The human being is essentially social and adolescence has social interactions as a relevant core for development processes. Thus, the objective of the second phase of the study was to understand adolescence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the developments in the construction of identity. For a better understanding of this doctoral process, the first and second stages of the study will be presented in chapters I and II, respectively.
Um estudo sobre arquivos de literatura digital: sistema literário e legitimação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Estevão, Natália Cristina; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-6846; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1497697699612332; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-4540
In the contemporary era of overwhelming informational production (ROCHA, 2023), preserving digital culture poses a significant challenge. Digital productions, particularly within the realm of literature, often teeter on the “verge of disappearance” (BEIGUELMAN, 2014). In response to this threat, archives have played a vital role in attempting to safeguard digital literature from erasure. Often, digital literature archives have actively engaged in mapping, selecting, and systematically making available both artistic and critical works. With this in mind, this study aims to investigate three different archives: i. Electronic Literature Organization (1999), based in the United States of America, ii. Observatório de Literatura Digital Brasileira (2019), developed in Brazil, and iii. Ciberia Project (2014), based in Spain. Given the assumption that a digital literary system is currently in development (ROCHA, 2023), our hypothesis posits that the archives under examination serve as the principal institutional territories of digital literature. They play a central role in facilitating the circulation and consolidation of a comprehensive repertoire on this subject. Thus, this research seeks to comprehend the operating principles of these archives, which play a crucial role in preserving cultural and literary memory. To achieve this, we adopt a systemic perspective of literature (EVEN-ZOHAR, 2017) to study the specific characteristics of each archive while acknowledging the diverse and intricate relationships between them. For our investigation, we employ the literary factors scheme (EVEN-ZOHAR, 2017) as the research methodology, supplemented by the descriptive approach (CANCLINI, 2016). By studying the norms governing these archives, we delineate their distinct characteristics, thus revealing the potential impact of archival actions on the digital literary system. Consequently, we recognize that these archives may offer distinct perspectives on how to interpret the digital literature – a subject still in development (SALGADO, 2020) – stored within them.
Crime e geração: a universalização do ensino fundamental no encarceramento, um horizonte que visibiliza o irredento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Prata, Simone Ribeiro Monteiro; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9572-4586; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3387540015821001; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-0391
The number of incarcerated individuals shows a progressive increase with each survey conducted by INFOPEN - National Penitentiary Information Survey. This increase is notable among individuals over 45 years of age. The research problem of this study is to understand the relationship between the educational level of inmates and the universalization of basic education in Brazil. We investigate the influence of these factors on the increase in incarceration. To understand this possible connection, an analysis of the process of universalization of primary education in Brazil was conducted, as well as the trajectory of incarceration in the country, in order to ascertain whether individuals belonging to generations that attended school before the process of universalization and mandatory primary education, established by the Constitution of 1988, represent a larger portion of the prison population. Based on the specific objectives, this research involved a qualitative approach. Initially, stages of bibliographic research and analysis of official data on the process of universalization of basic education in Brazil were carried out, as well as information about the incarcerated population through INFOPEN. These stages allowed contextualizing the phenomenon of incarceration and understanding the relationship between schooling and the increase in the number of people deprived of liberty. In addition, information was collected directly from research participants. Questionnaires were administered and interviews were conducted with individuals over 50 years of age in situations of deprivation of liberty at the Compact Penitentiary of Avanhandava - SP. These interviews allowed investigating the educational trajectories of the participants, including frequency, interruption, and level of education attained. Aspects related to the domestic and socioeconomic environment were also explored, as well as possible factors that contributed to the interruption of studies, such as the need to work and the lack of encouragement from the domestic nucleus. The analysis revealed that the lack of access to quality education and early interruption of studies contribute to prison trajectories. Economic difficulties and the lack of encouragement from the domestic nucleus play a significant role. Although the participants' narratives do not provide a complete understanding of the crimes committed, they highlight the complexity of socioeconomic factors and the domestic environment that contribute to involvement in the prison system. The lack of educational opportunities and the interruption of studies exacerbate social, economic, and familial inequalities, creating a conducive environment for criminal activities.
Ferramentas moleculares aplicadas ao estudo de parasitas emergentes em Leishmaniose visceral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Takamiya, Nayore Tamie; Maruyama, Sandra Regina Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5719754923228879; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-1452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6422940683742319; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1638
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases considered important to public health. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the disease, which affects organs such as spleen, bone marrow, liver and lymph nodes. It is caused by Leishmania infantum in Brazil. Advances in Molecular Biology tools have provided alternatives for diagnostics at research reference centers. Studies have demonstrated the presence of monoxenous trypanosomatids (Leptomas spp. and Crithidia spp.) in the clinical spectrum of Leishmaniasis. The clinical implications of these trypanosomatid species in Leishmaniasis are unknown, and the impact of these infections has rarely been studied. Further research is necessary to identify and investigate these species. Therefore, this work presented two goals to advance knowledge about this emerging VL parasites. The first one was to identify new species-specific genes able of discriminating between L. infantum and Crithidia sp. in clinical and experimental samples. The secod one was to obtain genetically modified strains of parasites expressing fluorescent reporter genes through genetic engineering and cell transfection techniques, such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in Crithidia sp. LVH60A (strain LVH60a_C1) and mCherry in the HUUFS14 strain of L. infantum. Primers designed to identify L. infantum (LinJ31seq and LinJ31_2420) and Crithidia sp. (Crid2.1seq, LVH60_Tig001, and Catalase-LVH60_12060_1F) showed a good performance of detection. These primers have been extensively validated, both for species identification (qualitatively) and for estimation of parasite load (quantitatively) in experimental and clinical VL samples, covering a variety of vertebrate hosts. Through molecular screening and analysis of 62 clinical isolates from VL patients using these species-specific genes, it was possible to identify 51 parasite cultures with positive PCR results for Crithidia sp. Interestingly, qPCR assays indicated co-infection of L. infantum with Crithidia sp. LVH60A in two new cases of VL in Sergipe. Furthermore, by re-evaluating clinical samples from a case of VL from Sergipe published in 2019, it was found that the patient was co-infected with these two species of trypanosomatids. With the cell transfection experiments, it was possible to transform the HUUFS14 strain (L. infantum) expressing the fluorescent gene mCherry, presenting phenotypic characteristics similar to those of the wild-type strain and keeping infective capacity in in vitro infection assays. The transfection protocols tested in this study were inefficient for the transformation of Crithidia sp. LVH60A, highlighting the peculiarities of the parasite. Overall, this study was important in establishing new molecular targets that can be used to improve the diagnosis of VL. Furthermore, such targets show promise for future investigations, aiming to deepen our understanding of the role of monoxenic trypanosomatids in VL pathology and/or as potential emerging parasites.
Como a diversidade beta e a heterogeneidade dos usos do solo afetam a polínização do sub-bosque florestal?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Soares, Raimunda Gomes Silva; Lopes, Luciano Elsinor; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6504793265492545; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-8972; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0432996860060252; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1742-9228
Ecological processes occur and interact in the landscape, which is why the study of landscape relationships with key ecosystem processes such as pollination can contribute to the development of more sustainable land use strategies. We studied the effect of landscape characteristics on the pollination of forest understory species, considering the relationships with beta diversity in the composition of plants and floral visiting bees and analysis of how the heterogeneity of land uses in the landscape can contribute to pollination. In areas of Atlantic Forest, State of São Paulo, we selected 28 landscapes of 1km radius in a gradient of forest cover. In each fragment we built hexagonal plots where we collected open flowers for analysis of pollination and floral visitors. In 20 landscapes, floral visitors were also sampled in adjacent open areas, in transects of up to 100m. We generated the following data: Landscape Shannon Index, proportion of use classes, composition of bee and plant assemblages in the understory and adjacent unmanaged open area, and measures of pollination of understory plants. In the first chapter we analyze the total beta diversity between different environments in the landscape, if it occurs predominantly by turnover or nesting, we relate it to pollination rates and finally we investigate whether the proportion of forest influences this diversity. We found that all environments have different species composition, mainly due to the high turnover rate, but that the difference in nestedness favors pollination in the understory and that the percentage of forest does not influence this diversity. We discuss that the high turnover may be due to increased isolation because of fragmentation and because the Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot with a high incidence of endemism and rarity among species, making this pattern of high turnover a trend in view of this high heterogeneity, natural in this environment. We also saw that pollination is favored by the sharing of species between forest areas and unmanaged open areas, making these regions complementary habitats. In the second chapter, we investigate whether the benefit of heterogeneity of land uses is due to a complementary effect of different types of environments, or to increase the probability of occurrence of favorable uses. We found that the proportion of unmanaged open areas, in interaction with the proportion of forest areas, contributed more to understory pollination than the heterogeneity of non-forest uses. This result reinforces that some anthropic uses are more favorable than others in maintaining pollinators and pollination. We conclude that priority should be given to the conservation of the greatest possible number of areas of natural vegetation, as well as the promotion of anthropic uses that provide resources for the species associated with them, and that the greater heterogeneity of uses is positive because it increases the chance of occurrence of favorable uses.
Estudo do processamento de filmes finos nanocristalinos a partir da irradiação de luz ultravioleta de sistemas de nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Wilges, Matheus Bittencourt; Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0716302947827479; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0144-9256
In general, nanoceramics are produced from the sintering process of compacted systems of nanometric powders, whose consolidation process is favored by the high surface energy of the nanoparticles. However, such a processing route has important challenges for the production of nanocrystalline materials. Furthermore, and no less challenging, the microstructural control itself during the sintering process of nanoparticles is complex, notably the preservation of the nanometric size of the grains is hampered by the processes of coalescence and grain growth during sintering. Despite the advancement of unconventional sintering processes, such techniques require high investment and increase the complexity of the process. Given this scenario, this work studied the formation of nanocrystalline films of metal oxides (ZrO2 and TiO2) by the consolidation of nanoparticles, without the aid of additional thermal energy (i.e., at room temperature). The films were formed from nanoparticles colloids from the materials under study, deposited on surfaces and consolidation promoted by the removal of ligands from their surfaces by ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the work proposes the formation of nanoceramics (in the form of thin films) using primarily the surface energy of the nanoparticles, without heat treatment, in order to control the growth of the grains and, consequently, preserve the nanostructure
A educação das relações étnico-raciais no ensino de arte a partir de uma perspectiva intercultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-09-27) Breda, Patricia Rodrigues; Galizia, Fernando Stanzione; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4007795540173093; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-0733; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8241642945872758
This dissertation addresses "The education of ethnic-racial relations in art teaching from an intercultural perspective", investigating, from the perspective of critical interculturality, how the Art textbook - Teacher's Manual, intended for the 5th grade of elementary school and used in the municipal network of Rio Claro-SP, acts for the education of ethnic-racial relations. The specific objectives are to Analyze whether the textbook recognizes and demystifies black and indigenous subjects; Verify whether the textbook contributes to promoting public policies to combat racism and provide racial equality, recognizing the social movements linked to black and indigenous subjects; Ascertain whether the textbook values knowledge that is not based on a Eurocentric perspective; Examine whether the socio-educational practices proposed in the textbook modify the usual dynamics of educational processes. The literature review was based on authors who discuss themes involving "art teaching", "ethnic-racial relations" and "indigenous culture". The theoretical bases that make up the framework used have critical interculturality as their central axis, based on the book entitled "Intercultural Critical Didactics: Approaches", organized by Vera Maria Candau. The research uses the qualitative paradigm, using documentary analysis as a method and the content analysis technique for data processing, through the investigation of textbooks, with the aim of understanding whether there is an approach to the education of ethnic-racial relations from a critical intercultural perspective. The general conclusion reached through the analysis of the data is that black people and their culture are present in the book and are not in a "tribal" or folklorized conception - which can already be seen as a step forward. However, we need to go further and approach these black identities and cultures from an anti-racist perspective. When it comes to indigenous peoples, their cultures do not appear in textbooks. In order for this situation to change, it is necessary for the curriculum of undergraduate courses to be altered - including education for ethnic-racial relations - for schools and universities to develop partnerships and for teachers to be provided with ongoing training involving these issues.