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Formação continuada de professores de ciências da natureza na rede estadual de São Paulo: há espaço para a alfabetização científica?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Almeida, Cyntia Helena Ravagnani de; Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853746645322544; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-9506; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3671658556110990; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-3403
This research aimed to investigate the formative processes of educators in the field of natural sciences, conducted by the Education Department of the State of São Paulo (SEE). Considering the complexity of factors that permeate teacher training, in this work we will address issues related to continuous education with a focus on scientific literacy. We seek to understand the roles of teachers as subjects and schools as spaces for training, as well as to analyze the continuous training of teachers in the field of Natural Sciences in the years 2013, 2021, and 2022. We understand that teacher training involves a continuous process of professional development. In the context of this research, scientific literacy is investigated as part of the continuous formation of natural science teachers, implying not only the transmission of scientific knowledge but also the development of knowledge related to their pedagogical action. The methodology employed was document analysis, using documents and continuous training programs from the São Paulo State Education Department (SEE/SP). The documents are the videos of the Collective Pedagogical Work Activities available at the São Paulo Media Center, focusing on the theme of Sustainability. The guiding question was: "How does the continuous training promoted by the São Paulo State Education Department, in the years 2013, 2021, and 2022, incorporate scientific literacy and pedagogical rationalities in the context of scientific education?" Through the analysis of these materials, we sought to answer this question. In dialogue with theories about models of rationality in teacher training, we argue that the videos analyzed predominantly exhibit technical rationality, with a certain degree of depletion of concepts and discussions, without concern for developing in educators and students an awareness of practices that promote scientific literacy. Skills such as critical thinking, interactivity, and dialogue are left aside. Before the COVID-19 pandemic arrived in the country, teacher training in the state of São Paulo was conducted in person. In the face-to-face modality, there was direct interaction among participants, which enabled the exchange of experiences and life stories, as well as the establishment of professional contact networks and participation in practical activities. Even with the resumption of face-to-face activities in schools, training continued to be conducted remotely, maintaining the problems arising from this modality, mainly the lack of interaction among professionals.
UX-RIVIS: Visualização da Informação sobre dados de UX baseado em revisões de aplicativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Campos, Ariel Emanuel Sebastian; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-544X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1100959224533572; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-4570
User Experience (UX) encompasses all aspects of the interaction between the user and a system. Thus, one way to obtain improvements in UX is through the Information Visual- ization area (InfoVis), which offers techniques for building visualizations that highlight the most important information to help users obtain relevant information from their data. In mobile software development, user reviews in app stores have proven to be a promising source for software developers to obtain information about the usability and UX of applications, in addition to being a direct channel of communication for users over time. of development. Thus, the present study had the general objective of assisting the development of mobile software by analyzing user reviews through UX data visualiza- tions. To this end, the methodology was organized into five stages (Stage A — Literature investigation; Stage B — Systematic Literature Mapping (MSL); Stage C — Recommen- dations for creating visualizations; Stage D — Construction of visualizations; and Stage E — Evaluation of the Proposal). Stage A reached a theoretical basis for carrying out this dissertation. Step B aimed to identify the state of the art in the literature on data visualization. Thus, 21 articles were read in full, demonstrating the methods, tools, and approaches used to build visualizations. Step C involved creating recommendations for building visualizations, using the results found in Step B, resulting in 16 recommendations. In Stage D, four visualizations called UX-RIVIS were developed to assist in analyzing application user reviews. Finally, Stage E consisted of an evaluation of UX-RIVIS with 23 software professionals. To this end, four tasks were applied in which professionals had to interact with each of the visualizations created. The results indicated that the participants understood the objective proposed by the visualizations, but they had difficulties carrying out the tasks proposed for the two of them. In general, a visualization proposal was made available to assist software developers in analyzing user reviews of applications.
Plano de Comunicação Ambiental como ferramenta para a conservação da fauna silvestre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Campos, Flávia Taconi Venâncio; Ramos, Patrícia Locosque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7542477918045216; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1208824456687953
Brazil holds an important portion of the planet's biodiversity, considered a mega diverse country that has approximately 20% of the world's fauna species. However, despite high biodiversity, there are many threats that impact wild populations. The most recent Official List of Brazilian Species Threatened with Extinction released by the Ministry of the Environment shows that, of the 8,537 fauna species assessed, 1,249 are categorized as having some degree of threat. Pressures on species resulting from human actions are leading to greater risks of extinction, causing imbalances in ecosystems, often irreversibly. The practice of communication has not remained oblivious to the global concern about the deterioration of the environment that has been intensifying in recent decades. In this scenario, several tools can act in an integrated manner to minimize negative impacts, with environmental communication responsible for disseminating technical-scientific knowledge within society to strengthen environmental awareness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to carry out an in-depth look at the topic of environmental communication, exploring its concepts and definitions, in order to understand its interface in fauna conservation.
Explorando a probabilidade no ensino médio: uma sequência didática utilizando um jogo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Santos, Tania Maria dos; Barbosa, Grazielle Feliciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368292206467565; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6855652255026553
Probability is a branch of mathematics that plays a significant role in our daily lives and is fundamental in several areas of knowledge. It is recognized that an adequate introduction to this content from the early years of elementary school is essential, as an inadequate approach can result in difficulties in the student’s educational trajectory. In order to assess students’ understanding from previous years, we chose to apply a diagnostic assessment to guide our approach to this content in high school, identifying the areas of greatest challenge. Subsequently, we adopted a playful strategy in which all students participate in the activity and we use a game to introduce the concept of probability in high school. This made learning more engaging and gave meaning to the students’ learning experience. Finally, we apply a final assessment to measure the effectiveness of this strategy and verify its impact on students’ understanding. This assessment provided concrete data on student progress, serving as a valuable indicator for the continuous improvement of our pedagogical approach.
Planejamento de trajetória explorativa e informativa para monitoramento de ambientes desconhecidos com UAV: uma abordagem BO-POMDP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Santos, Marcela Aparecida Aniceto dos; Vivaldini, Kelen Cristiane Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5245409138233148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-9635; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1794896249292950; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-6402
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been used for several applications in monitoring complex and unknown environments. The challenge is to plan missions for the UAV where the vehicle needs to visit and explore an area and analyze it in real time to define the route to be followed. This visit involves maximizing the search area through trajectory definitions, enabling information collection to gain Knowledge about the environment and generate a map. This type of problem is known as Informative Path Planning and Autonomous Exploration. In this context, Bayesian Optimization (BO) has been used together with Gaussian Process to collect information from an unknown environment and define the trajectories. Moreover, However, for the definition of trajectories to be carried out sequentially and specific constraints to be considered, there is a need for a planner responsible for making these decisions and, in this case, the Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) can be used. POMDP is considered a non-myopic method as it allows you to efficiently calculate the best action by checking several steps ahead. Therefore, considering these methods, the aim of this work is to develop a strategy for explorative and informative path planning in unknown environments using UAV. For this approach, a system for sequential decision making under uncertainty was developed based on the BO-POMDP approach. Tests were carried out and demonstrated that the non-Myopic approach to exploration/exploitation obtained better results compared to the Myopic and random methods. With the RMSE and Tr(P) metrics used to evaluate the models, it was inferred that the non-myopic approach obtained lower error and that uncertainty about the environment decreases throughout the algorithm iterations. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the use of the non-myopic strategy led to a reduction in the trajectory to be covered by the UAV in a time that was equivalent to the time of the myopic method. This fact corroborates the idea that non-myopic algorithms can efficiently calculate the best action, taking shorter trajectories and, due to planning aiming for future rewards, obtaining a greater chance of finding global optimal solutions.
Assembleias de morcegos influenciam comunidades de invertebrados subterrâneos e atuam sobre a dinâmica de cavernas ferríferas no Brasil?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Torres, Dayana Ferreira; Tavares, Valeria da Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8523405526648361; Bichuette, Maria Elina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-4832; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8958970839884185; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-782X
Chiroptera are among the most diverse and geographically dispersed mammals, they exploit different resources and occupy the most varied habitats, participate in numerous ecological processes in tropical ecosystems and have adaptations associated with the types of shelters they use, such as caves. These habitats are essential to bats because they have a direct impact on their survival rates, ecology and evolution, while chiropterans are crucial because they contribute to the input of nutrients into these environments. In the Tropical region, there are caves with unique physical and biological characteristics - hot and bat caves, some of which have been recognized for the Carajás region. This region has the largest number of known iron caves in Brazil and is considered an important economic center for the extraction of mineral goods, as it is home to the country's largest mining project. In view of this, the study aimed to characterize the chiropterofauna associated with 20 caves in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás and the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos, learn about the structure of their communities, recognize the invertebrate fauna associated with bat guano, carry out biological and microclimate monitoring, identify possible bat/hot caves and the conditions for their establishment, and propose actions for the conservation of speleological heritage. To this end, faunal inventories were carried out from August 2021 to March 2023 (with the collection of Chiroptera and invertebrates) and biological and microclimate monitoring of the cavities. Based on the data obtained, descriptive assessments of the chiropteran communities and the invertebrates associated with their guano were carried out, as well as diversity (alpha and beta) and correlation (CCA) analyses. As a result, 16 bat species were recorded, with the Phyllostomidae family being the most representative in terms of species. The cavities studied showed variation in the composition of their communities, which can be explained, for the most part, by species exchange - either due to environmental changes or species-specific demands. More diverse, numerous and permanent colonies of bats were essential for the entry of varied nutrients that served a wider range of invertebrates. Therefore, the presence of bats in the caves was an important determining factor (but not a limiting one) for the variation in invertebrate diversity. Finally, the identification of permanent bat colonies, the invertebrate fauna associated with the different types of guano and the microclimatic and geomorphological conditions of the cavities were fundamental for the delimitation of bat and hot cave. Therefore, knowing how chiropteran communities are structured and how they relate to biotic factors (interactions with invertebrates) and abiotic factors (species-specific temperature and relative humidity requirements) is essential for detecting their functional relationships and social organizations, as well as for identifying how bats respond to environmental changes and how this impacts other organisms associated with them. From this, more effective conservation actions can be structured and proposed, serving to support the management, maintenance and protection of the national speleological heritage.
A literatura infantil na Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais: uma análise sobre os Projetos Políticos-Pedagógicos das escolas de ensino fundamental de São Carlos/SP à luz da Lei n° 10.639/03
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Souza, Lucas Rodrigues de Oliveira; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0699735308726595
This Master's thesis is linked to the line of research: State, Politics and Human Formation, of the Postgraduate Program in Education (PPGE) at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The research aims to discuss the importance of children's literature for the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations in light of the contributions of Law No. 10,639 of 2003. To address this issue, the research collected Political-Pedagogical Projects (PPP) from educational schools for analysis. elementary school in São Carlos, SP, that cover the initial years of the city with the intention of discovering what these documents – which are school identity documents – address (and address) children's literature from an ethnic-racial perspective. The research discusses the importance of Law No. 10,639 of 2003 and other official documents that legitimize and encourage pedagogical work in the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations in Basic Education. The aforementioned law, sanctioned on January 9, 2003 and which amends Law No. 9,394, of December 20, 1996 (Law of Guidelines and Bases), establishes the obligation for school curricula of all Basic Education to include the teaching of History and African and Afro-Brazilian Culture. The methodological path established was documentary and bibliographical research through a survey of theoretical references that discuss ethnic-racial issues and children's literature, as well as analyzes of political pedagogical projects collected from elementary schools in the city of São Carlos, SP , which cover the initial years. The analyzes of political-pedagogical projects seek to research how these school identity documents discuss ethnic-racial themes and how they present children's literature as one of the pedagogical resources to implement the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations. The research results reveal that academic productions on ethnic-racial relations in the school context already presented the need for schools to address racial issues in their daily school life and curricula before the implementation of Law No. 10,639/03, denouncing what was needed be changed in the school structure to move towards anti-racist education. With the implementation of the law and other official documents, scientific production on ethnic-racial relations increased significantly. The analyzes of political-pedagogical projects present relevant variations to understand how schools' identity documents approach children's literature from an ethnic-racial perspective. While the PPP's of some selected schools do not address or mention the Education of Ethnic-Racial Relations, others present tables, references, suggestions, projects and perspectives aligned with the teaching of ethnic-racial relations, with examples of work developed using children's literature as pedagogical resource and highlighting the importance of Law No. 10,639/03. It is hoped that the research can contribute to teacher training and the field of ethnic-racial relations education, presenting pertinent discussions, relevant data and powerful indications for the topic in question. The main references used are Abramovich (1999), Gomes (2005; 2010), Silva (2003; 2011) and Veiga (1998).
Identificação de massas desbalanceadas em lavadoras de roupas com técnicas de redes neurais e visão computacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Antunes, Luiz Fernando Bisan; Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5395225536094754
The spinning phase is a primary function of washing machines which has the objective of extracting residual water from clothes by spinning a vertical axis basket suspended in four points. Either by the washing process or by inappropriate consumer usage, when the clothes are not uniformly distributed there is an unbalancing phenomenon that can result from small hit noises to product destruction. The research has the objective of evaluating the application of neural network techniques to identify unbalanced mass in washer machines using collected data from a computer vision system. By observing variables such as angular speed and translational movement from different parts, artificial intelligence techniques will be applied in order to identify and classify patterns created by different intensities of unbalancing loads. Initially, the systems of a washing machine and the unbalancing phenomenon will be described. The bibliographic review of digital image processing supports the computational vision system and algorithm. The practical experimentation will collect a data set from the entire inference space of possible unbalancing configurations, in such a way that enough data is provided to train, validate and test the neural network tools. It is expected the proposed system be capable of identifying and classifying different intensities of an unbalanced load.
Processos de estudo em ambientes não-institucionalizados: o aluno entre a autoridade escolar e a autoridade tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-10-31) Monteiro, Leonardo Henrique Brandão; Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-2897; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962875409074026; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-1107
This dissertation investigates how students use or don't use devices featuring digital technology in their study processes outside institutionalized environments. Based on a dialogue with the literature in the field of education, it is argued that the use or non-use of such devices is related to legitimizing a certain authority. It may be a school authority or a technological authority. The research question is divided into three parts and can be described as follows: Do students' study processes outside institutionalized environments demonstrate their affiliation with a school authority, a technological authority, or neither? Can we identify the moments when these affiliations occur? Are they antagonistic logics, or are there moments when they coexist and overlap? The writing is structured as follows. After a brief introduction, a chapter is dedicated to methodological considerations. It outlines how to approach the literature in the area and the social world through two research instruments: questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The second chapter looks at the "macro-sociological" outlines of the research, describing the social environment in which our interlocutors interact and conduct their studies. The following chapter deals with the theoretical construction of school and technological authority concepts, mainly through authors from Critical Theory. The fourth chapter outlines three skills that will be the analytical parameters, mainly, but not only, of four case studies. The fifth chapter presents the international comparative research and how we conduct it, characterizes our interlocutors, and discusses the legitimacy of school, the legitimacy of information found in digital environments, and the role that digital devices play in study practices in non-institutionalized environments. The sixth chapter discusses how digital technologies were present in our interlocutors' daily lives and some of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these students' study processes. Also, it focuses on four case studies which, through the skills of memorization, attention, and body discipline, analyze how four interlocutors embodied school and technological authorities. Last but not least, the final thoughts section is dedicated to the closing considerations of the work.