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Análise de redes sociais de colaboração dos programas de pós-graduação no campo da Geoquímica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Gomes, Verônica de Souza; Silva, Márcia Regina da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2018157322328800; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-8376
The characterization of a postgraduate program with a level of excellence goes through an evaluation process with different criteria to demonstrate its performance and its consonance with institutional planning. In Brazil, postgraduate programs are the locus of knowledge production and the process of building science. In this sense, analyzing a program based on scientific production and collaboration practices can reveal the directions that are occurring in science and guide the decisions of policy makers. Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the social network of scientific collaboration of Postgraduate Programs in the area of Geosciences related to the field of Geochemistry in Brazil, based on the scientific production of permanent professors from the four-year period (2017-2020), as well as how to map the profile of programs. In this way, the research presents a review of the concepts coined by the Social Studies of Science. The research starts from an exploratory phase, with a quali-quantitative approach, which includes the search for evidence regarding production processes and collaboration in the construction of scientific knowledge. The bibliometric approach and Social Network Analysis are used to analyze the structure of scientific communication and the practices of social actors in the field of Geochemistry. The units of analysis comprise seven Postgraduate Programs – Postgraduate Program in Geosciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Postgraduate Program in Geology at the University of Brasília, Postgraduate Program in Geosciences (Geochemistry and Geotectonics) at the University of São Paulo, Postgraduate Program in Geosciences (Geochemistry) at the Federal University of Fluminense, Postgraduate Program in Geology and Geochemistry at the Federal University of Pará, Postgraduate Program in Geosciences at the Federal University of Pernambuco , and the Postgraduate Program in Geochemistry: Petroleum and Environment at the Federal University of Bahia. The main sources of information used in the research were the Sucupira Platform and the Lattes Platform. From the results it was possible to map and profile the seven Programs, obtaining a set of indicators of scientific production and teachers based on data from the Lattes Curriculum. Through Social Network Analysis it was possible to identify the actors and structures that strengthen the field of Geochemistry in Brazil. So, the group of actors analyzed in the programs was 220, through the production of 1,567 journal articles indexed in the Web of Science. The actors established collaborative relationships of an intra-interinstitutional nature. In addition to being one of the oldest programs, the Postgraduate Program in Geosciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul was the most significant in terms of scientific production, number of professors, productivity grants, degrees and projects. In the co-authorship network, the central actor of the network was “Elton Luiz Dantas”, professor of the Postgraduate Program in Geology at the University of Brasília. It is believed that the results presented contribute to the understanding of relationships in the field of Geochemistry and provide support for new studies. In this way, Governments, funding agencies and academic institutions can use Social Network Analysis data to make informed decisions about research investments and inter-institutional collaborations.
Menopausa, aspectos psicossociais, sonolência diurna e qualidade de vida em docentes brasileiras: estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Masuda, Helen Mami; Triches, Maria Isabel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9585150764624635; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-8218; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3456494998257229; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-8981; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8093914485420276; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-0871
Menopause is an important phase in the lives of women, especially those in the job market. The teaching category presents a diversity of demands and high qualification and productivity requirements, which can compromise their physical and mental health. Objective: To associate menopause and psychosocial aspects, daytime sleepiness and quality of life in Brazilian teachers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the RESPIRA cohort. Data were collected online using a sociodemographic, occupational and health questionnaire; Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II-Br; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; WHOQOL-BREF, STOP-Bang and IPAQ-SF. The sample is made up of teachers who work in higher education in Brazilian public educational institutions with an exclusive dedication of 40 hours a week. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis and linear and logistic regression. Results: 411 teachers were included, of which 35.5% reported being in menopause. There was an association between the social relations domain of quality of life (B: -5.15; 95% CI: -9.57 – -0.74), family-work conflicts (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1 .20 – 3.68) and burnout (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.07 – 4.69) with menopause. Conclusion: The findings indicate that it is necessary to seek support strategies for teachers in order to improve social relationships, reduce the psychosocial risk related to burnout symptoms and family-work conflicts, necessary to promote better working conditions, as well as quality and quality of life.
Optimum-path forest in support of collaborative filtering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Martins, Guilherme Brandão; Papa, João Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8300636274454060; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-7850
Machine learning algorithms are being applied in various computational challenges, among which Recommender Systems (RS) present a range of techniques and approaches to effectively manage large volumes of data and provide personalized and relevant content to users. Such systems must be able to handle data-related issues such as sparsity, scalability, and the cold start problem and Collaborative Filtering (CF) has traditionally been the primary strategy for addressing those challenges. One way to tackled those problems and improve recommendation results is by leveraging auxiliary information sources to compensate the lack of CF data, such as user-item interactions. However, different interpretations of the mentioned problems should be explored. The current work contributes in the field of machine learning by proposing approaches to address the mentioned challenges. This thesis presents a collection of works developed by the author throughout the research period, which have been published or submitted up to the present, encompassing: (i) a systematic literature review which analyzes and discuss recent deep learning approaches employed for CF under sparse-related conditions, while also identifying the challenges and limitations within the field; (ii) a Matrix Factorization (MF)-based ap- proach that leverages CF-related sparsity for the purpose of classifiers fusion; (iii) an alternative unsupervised Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) designed to perform efficiently in large-scale datasets by employing k-approximate-nearest-neighbors graph as its adjacency relation; and (iv) an OPF clustering model built upon the shared-neighborhood concept to alleviate sparsity and high dimensionality issues during CF-based recommendation. The experimental results achieved through such works corroborate the hypotheses of the present thesis.
“Da árvore do conhecimento, não comereis o fruto”: o caráter neoconservador cristão da Escola sem Partido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Guidotti, Vitor Hugo Rinaldini; Souza, André Ricardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-3117; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3171646123025674; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-8142
The activist association "Escola sem Partido" (ESP) operated from 2004 to 2020, playing a significant role during the major rise of neoconservatism in Brazil. It stood out for its advocacy of agendas aimed at restricting critical perspectives in the field of education. The aim of this research was to address, from a sociological perspective, the Christian neoconservative influence on ESP, exploring the strategies and foundations it mobilized for its activities. To achieve this goal, primary and secondary sources were analyzed, including publications on its website and blog, as well as information from its social media profiles. To analyze the blog content, elements of Textual Discourse Analysis and Categorical Content Analysis were employed. In addition, other materials were studied, such as data from other blogs, social media, and websites with pronounced neoconservative content, public speeches by its founder and leader Miguel Nagib, and reliable official documents and journalistic material. The research results reveal the strong Christian neoconservative influence on ESP, which underpinned its principles and guided its initiatives in the political, educational, religious, and legal fields. It was also possible to observe the mobilization of ESP's agendas, especially during electoral periods, particularly in the 2018 elections. Through this study, gaps in research were identified and addressed, aiming to contribute to a greater sociological understanding of ESP in the context of the rise of the far-right and neoconservatism in Brazil.
Restructuring the smart city from the global south: a structural and dialectical analysis between the virtual and physical urban space
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Figueirôa-Ferreira, Victor Garcia; Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9310248062481932; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-7675
This research critically analyses technology-driven development strategies, whether they are seen as an smart initiative or associated with sustainable, resilient and other characteristics. Also, analyses the impact of information and communication technologies on society, and investigates society's dependence on and need for technological innovations in the urban space. The aim is not to stagnate technological innovation, but to direct it towards serving society, the human aspect of the city. This is an intrinsically transdisciplinary endeavour that considers information and communication studies, political economy, urban studies, urban sociology, governance and theories of governability. This research seeks to understand the consequences of technology-driven development and analyse the physical urban space and its dialectical relationship with the virtual environment and its technologies, as well as the reconfiguration of the relations developed in these dimensions, the dynamics of power, the mechanisms of governance, governability and planning of the technologically expanded virtual space, especially in the context of the Global South. Thus, three original aspects of this research can be highlighted: (1) a theoretical framework that contributes to the analyses carried out in the thesis, due to its transdisciplinary and frontier nature; (2) the restructure of the understanding of smart cities through a Global South perspective; and (3) based on the material reality, prepare the ground for strategies, tactics, and future researches to further the comprehension of the smart cities and enable subversive changes.
A constituição do Orientador Pedagógico: entre saberes e fazeres da profissão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Oliveira, Priscila Borges Ribeiro; Gama, Renata Prenstteter; lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-4345; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2922981803308609; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8314-2608
This research focused on the search to understand the constitution of the Pedagogical Advisor in the Municipal Network of Sorocaba, as historical subjects in everyday school life, with specific and distinct function of the teacher, considered from two links of the profession: the knowing and the doing. The qualitative and interpretative approach problematizes the field tilting the look at the gaps and the distances between theory and practice, the needs of reality and the relationship between the elements of professional development of these subjects. The theoretical pillars are based on: Placco and Almeida (2015), Placco, Souza and Almeida (2012), conceptualizing this professional as a mediator who directs actions, aiming to transform school actions, aware that his work is not done in isolation, but collectively and in Tardif (2002) which sustains us on the concept of knowledge, as a basis for action and professional training. As a methodological instrument to analyze and interpret the data, we opted for Data Triangulation, built in its complexity, depth and diversity, organized in descriptive and analytical chapters, built from three methodological instruments: the Documentary Study, collating the documents produced by the municipal network, the documents and the laws that cross the knowledge and the training and professional development and the Conversation Wheel ending the methodological process, in a dialogic, meaningful movement, full of reflection and emotion, providing time and voice to participants, beginners and experienced professionals, different types of education. Intertwined in the daily pedagogical performance of the Pedagogical Advisor, we consider the links (knowledge and actions), from the understanding of reality and analysis of the data together with the results and the Consider-Actions, intend to present tessituras on the constitution of the Pedagogical Advisor, considering the knowledge and the doings, as well as elucidate possible contributions to the expansion of knowledge of the field, highlighting the inferences, possibilities that can favor the professional constitution, with regard to guiding, coordinating, articulating, forming and transforming. The production translates the search for answers, alongside the academic and social relevance, starting from the assumptions and the standpoint, revealing experiences and experiences along the trajectory of the researcher as a Pedagogical and professional advisor of education in the public network of Sorocaba. As an artistic-literary device during the course of this production, excerpts, and moments recorded in Cordel’s Literature, the result of reading, re-reading, revisiting and re-signification of the researcher’s 'Memoriel', while looking at the understanding of this professional constitution, knowledge and doing, intertwine and generate new ones, building shortcuts, shortening distances, trimming edges and reducing gaps, the commonplace of these professionals.
Uso de jasmonatos na fitorremediação e tolerância a cádmio: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Souza, Raja Yamma Rodrigues; Soares, Cristiano; https://www.cienciavitae.pt/portal/9D14-B24C-D4D5; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-2024; Baron, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-9413; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5446850578881395
The emission of cadmium (Cd) into the environment due to industrial, agricultural, and urbanization activities poses risks to agricultural production areas and, consequently, to human health. Among the promising decontamination strategies, phytoremediation is reported to be a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution. In this sense, different species have been studied to understand which plants are more tolerant of contaminated environments and suitable for Cd phytoremediation. However, the effects of applying phytoregulators on modulating plant metabolism under conditions of Cd stress have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate phytoremediation and plant tolerance under exogenous jasmonate (JA) application in different plants grown in a Cd-contaminated environment. We used the systematic review methodology by defining the scope, planning, identifying, and searching, screening the articles, assessing eligibility, and interpreting and presenting the results. The eligible publications indicate that the application of JA to plants grown in a contaminated environment decreases Cd accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content while increasing antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD, catalase, CAT, peroxidase, POD, and ascorbate peroxidase, APX). Thus, we conclude that applying JA decreases phytoremediation and increases the tolerance of plants grown in a Cd environment. The results of this review were written up as a review article and submitted to the scientific journal Environmental Chemistry Letters.
Integração das tecnologias da indústria 4.0 com o lean manufacturing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Martins, Tailise Mascarenhas; Mano, Aline Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6284496119790994; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6626-9051; Mergulhão, Ricardo Coser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598720328915137; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-295X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295983263280408
The research aims to analyze the impact of the interaction between Industry 4.0 technologies and the Lean Manufacturing concept on organizational operational performance, from the perspective of manufacturing managers, considering relevant information from a systematic literature review. The objective of integrating LM and I4.0 is to understand how LM impacts operational performance through systematic and continuous pursuit of waste reduction and improvement by interacting with I4.0 technologies, which introduce automation and interconnectivity and can mitigate pre-existing management difficulties. The study is based on a systematic literature review conducted in the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, covering 54 articles, and on subsequent multiple case studies. The review identified 15 Lean Manufacturing tools, 18 I4.0 technologies, and 12 most cited improvements/benefits to date, which served as the basis for the case questionnaire and analyses of the multiple case studies. Multiple case studies were conducted in three manufacturing companies, using questionnaires, data collection from company websites, and interviews to triangulate data. The aim was to identify the interaction of I4.0 technologies with Lean Manufacturing tools and understand the maturity trajectory of I4.0 in each company. The results indicate that Lean Manufacturing is the foundation for successful implementation of Industry 4.0. This integration provides benefits such as increased confidence in data, productivity, and operational performance. The study offers managerial implications, highlighting how Lean tools can eliminate waste and effectively collaborate with the introduction of I4.0 technologies. Lessons learned from the case study companies provide valuable insights for improving the overall performance of companies integrating these tools and technologies.
Letramento em avaliação na formação continuada de professoras de espanhol do ensino público
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Carvalho Pinto, Emily de; Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0773052541645805
La evaluación desempeña un papel fundamental en el ámbito educativo, siendo considerada una etapa intrínseca a la práctica docente y con el potencial de influir tanto en las prácticas pedagógicas como en las decisiones administrativas. Sin embargo, las dimensiones sociales, políticas y éticas de la evolución a menudo se descuidan en la formación docente, lo que resulta en niveles insuficientes de literacidad en evaluación entre los profesores. Para mitigar los impactos negativos de estas brechas, los investigadores recomiendan la inclusión de cursos de evaluación tanto en la formación inicial como en la formación continua, permitiendo que los profesores tomen decisiones informadas con respecto a sus prácticas de evaluación. En este contexto, este estudio busca sumarse a las discusiones sobre la literacidad en evaluación de lenguas en Brasil, investigando cómo proporcionar oportunidades para el desarrollo de la literacidad en evaluación de profesoras de lengua española en ejercicio. Por lo tanto, ofrecemos un curso de formación continua sobre evaluación para profesoras que trabajan en la red pública. Adoptamos como marco teórico la literacidad en evaluación de lenguas (Scaramucci, 2006; 2016; Inbar-Lourie. 2008, 2013; Fulcher, 2012; Scaramucci; Boffi, 2013; Malone, 2013; Scarino, 2013; Taylor, 2013; Rogier, 2014; Combe, 2018; Quevedo-Camargo; Scaramucci, 2018; Giraldo, 2018, 2020, 2021; Fernandes, 2019; Quevedo-Camargo; Sousa, 2022; Brum-Barreto, 2023), ya que consideramos esencial que las profesoras involucradas en la evaluación posean conocimientos, habilidades y principios específicos para realizar evaluaciones eficaces. Esta investigación está inserta en el paradigma interpretativista y se fundamenta en las premisas de la investigación colaborativa. Los datos fueron generados a partir de un curso de formación continua dirigido a profesoras de lengua española en la enseñanza pública. Para ello, utilizamos una variedad de instrumentos, incluyendo cuestionarios, diarios reflexivos, grabaciones de las reuniones, así como análisis de documentos, nubes de palabras, actividades prácticas y actividades evaluativas iniciales y finales producidas por las participantes de la investigación antes y después del curso. El análisis y la discusión de los datos comenzaron con una observación inicial, en la que se mapeó el perfil académico y profesional del grupo y los conocimientos previos de las participantes sobre evaluación. Posteriormente, con base en los datos generados en el curso, se discutió el desarrollo de la literacidad en evaluación de lenguas de las participantes a partir en nueve descriptores. Luego, se evaluó cómo las profesoras pusieron en práctica sus conocimientos a través de la creación de un instrumento de evaluación. Los resultados muestran que el curso logró el objetivo de sensibilizar a las profesoras en cuanto a la definición de objetivos y criterios de evaluación, la importancia de la evaluación basada en principios éticos, democráticos, justos y transparentes, así como la elaboración de instrumentos de evaluación más significativos, auténticos y válidos. Finalmente, se destaca que desarrollar la literacidad en evaluación entre los profesores es esencial para mejorar la calidad de la educación y promover prácticas de evaluación más efectivas y justas en el contexto educativo.
Estrutura social, poder e linguagem: um estudo crítico dos CEOs das big techs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2023-12-07) Ferratti, Gustavo Mendonça; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-6577; Sacomano Neto, Mário; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-1700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0605753033662453; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-5118
This doctoral thesis analyzes the intricate relationship between social structure, power, and language of the CEOs of the five largest information technology companies in the West, collectively known as the "Big Five." The research explores the social, material, and linguistic aspects that condition the actions of these agents, while also investigating the diversity of subgroups within such technological elite. The central theoretical premise is that language not only reflects external material reality but also actively helps to construct and transform it through a politically structuring narrative dynamic. The thesis contributes to the field of critical organizational studies, filling the existing gap at the interface of management and other disciplines as computer science and social sciences. It does this through three interdisciplinary and multiparadigmatic articles that use mixed methods and multilevel analyses. The first article is a computational experiment that harmonizes opposing epistemological perspectives in textual analysis, namely: text generation methods with positivist engagement and hermeneutic methods of text analysis with interpretivist engagement. The article proposes a dialogic approach capable of expanding the possibility of creative interactions between researchers and generative linguistic models. With a training corpus of heroic canons of literature, text was stochastically generated and analyzed through the lenses of archetypal theory and literary criticism. The experiment not only indicates the reproduction to some extent of archetypes present in the original literary texts but also suggests a generalist path for theorization and ideation processes in the humanities and social sciences. The second article, through Pierre Bourdieu's reflexive sociology, offers a critical analysis of the trajectories, relations, and capitals of Big Tech CEOs. In it, we analyze the objective relational structure of the CEOs through multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and the dynamics of position-taking in the field through the more subjective controversies of their public speeches, which are approximated by semantic networks and prosopography. The study highlights the distinction of the subgroups of Big Tech CEOs, revealing a highly heterogeneous corporate elite with varied ideological inclinations. It also exposes the complex power dynamics existing between members of this technological elite and the State. The third article investigates the narrative power of Big Tech CEOs on Twitter, mobilizing diverse linguistic perspectives from the currents of natural language processing (NLP), discourse analysis, and antenarratives. It thus uses more structuralist text analysis techniques, such as lexicometry and topic modeling, along with more hermeneutic and qualitative analyses such as discourse and grand narratives. The results reveal that such CEOs use Twitter to legitimize themselves in a space where their economic power is limited. They use a discursive strategy of a neutral-positive tone and accessible vocabulary to increase their popularity. Furthermore, the more powerful CEOs tend to address broad socio-political issues, while the less powerful focus on more technical and innovation aspects of their own company. We believe that the three articles, taken together, outline a novel approach to problematizing and understanding the relationship between social structure, language, and power. Additionally, the unusual combination of methods employed throughout the thesis may assist future researchers in carefully integrating disciplines that are somewhat hermetic today but whose interface has much to contribute to the analysis of different organizations and social groups.