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Política de preços mínimos e segurança alimentar no Brasil: análise das ações governamentais sobre produtos da cesta básica nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Santos, Raissa; Santos, Leandro de Lima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2750978055015275; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-5372
The theme of hunger gained prominence in the 20th century, leading to the establishment of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations due to the need to ensure access to food. In brazil, the adherence to initiatives such as food and nutritional security solidified after global discussions and the implementation of the zero hunger program, focusing on family farming, agrarian reform, and supply policies, including the minimum price guarantee policy. The minimum price guarantee policy, established in 2003 after the opening of the foreign market, seeks to balance prices and public stocks to ensure sovereignty and price regularization, playing a crucial role in food security. However, the disparity between the prices paid to producers and those practiced in the market affects its effectiveness. The COVID-19 pandemic accentuated price increases, impacting the basic basket, highlighting the importance of income guaranteed to producers by the minimum price guarantee policy for economic stability. When minimum prices are not balanced, they affect production costs, discouraging farmers and compromising supply, impacting food security. The Minimum Price Guarantee Policy, despite being one of the policies for public supply, is insufficient in the country's stocks, essential to promoting food security. Encouraging sustainable agricultural practices and ensuring fair access to food are goals aimed at mitigating food insecurity and its social impacts, with a planned approach to creating resilient systems in the face of challenges such as economic crises and climate change. The study addressed fluctuations in the market prices of essential products in the Brazilian basic basket from 2019 to 2022, assessing the effectiveness of the Minimum Price Guarantee Policy in mitigating impacts on producers' income and family consumption. Using descriptive and exploratory analyses, it revealed discrepancies between the prices received by producers and those practiced in the markets, highlighting government neglect and the decline in CONAB's activities over time. The lack of investment in the strategic food reserve exposes the State's fragility, indicating the need for more comprehensive policies to ensure economic stability and adequate access to basic foods, especially in times of crisis such as the pandemic. It is concluded that strategies such as the minimum price policy have been abandoned, resulting in the rise of market prices, evidencing the state's omission in fulfilling the human right to adequate food. the study suggests the urgency of reflections and debates to develop more effective food management strategies.
Tendência clean label na rotulagem de alimentos embalados: uma revisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Marques, Keila Thainá Araújo; Silva, Thaís Jordânia; Neves, Isabelle Cristina Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3479449098249392
The rapid growth of urbanization and globalization has transformed eating habits, driving migration to urban areas and the rise of the fast-food industry. This has resulted in foods high in fat, sodium and sugar, contributing to health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, there has been growing consumer awareness about the interaction between food and health, driving the search for more resilient products, less loaded with chemical additives and with greater transparency on the labels, giving rise to the concept of “clean label”. Despite having existed since 2012, the concept still lacks a clear definition, being subjective for consumers and industry. The search for safer foods has driven research into products with simple ingredients and minimal processes, updated by literature reviews for consumers and industries on what defines a "clean label" food. This demand led to reductions in the consumption of elements such as fat, salt, sugar and processed foods. Companies are innovating to offer transparency and healthier products, driving the growth of more natural foods compared to conventional processes, meeting the demands of modern consumers. Concern about food allergies and intolerances has led to a search for healthier diets, driving the industry to develop products without gluten or lactose. Nutritional labeling is essential to prevent health problems, being a means of communication between the product and the consumer, bringing regulatory changes that highlight interesting health news on the labels. The clean label movement has driven large investments in innovation, reduction of additives and adjustments in food formulation to meet consumer demands. The industry faces challenges in simplifying ingredients without compromising the sensorial characteristics of foods, while future trends indicate a growing association of clean label products with organic certifications and a focus on sustainability and quality, in production and in the final product, respectively. Large food companies are adapting through mergers, acquisitions and investments in innovation to meet growing demands for healthier and more transparent food.
Aplicação das metodologias PMO e TPM para gerenciamento de projetos no contexto da indústria química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Borges, Giovana Gimenes; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166931313179324; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5577-4760
Large companies waste resources due to inefficient project management and face challenges in identifying appropriate strategies and methods for project management. In the emerging and dynamic context related to the market that faces significant changes due to the impact of technology and politics, it is essential to prioritize actions and resources in its processes. It is in this context that project management emerges as a fundamental tool for achieving organizational success, so that companies remain competitive and innovative. The case study addresses the application of project management tools in a practical scenario that involves replacing an obsolete reactor in a fictitious biopesticides production plant. The main objective of the work is to demonstrate the relevance and need for Project Management tools in a Chemical Engineering project in the industry. The study also intends to present different project management methodologies, focusing on PMO – Project Management Office approaches (Project Management Office) and TPM (Total Productive Maintenance), exploring the evolution of the mindset over the years in relation to the importance of project management in the industry and how this is a critical factor in reducing risks associated with implementation of projects in the context of engineering. The PMO and TPM methodologies, together with their loss management and prevention tools, were applied as potential solutions and in the hypothetical scenario mentioned, highlighting how project management is essential to ensure that challenging projects are completed successfully, on time and within budget, while maintaining a focus on quality and risk reduction.
Análise de modelos de predição de viscosidade para óleos lubrificantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Adão, Bruno Henrique da Silva; Sousa Júnior, Ruy de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-173X
Models that estimate the resulting viscosity of blending fluids have been studied for centuries and were the object of study in this work. To work with the combination of fluids, mineral base oils, synthetic base oils, a viscosity index improving additive and fourteen lubricating oils were used, seven of which were of mineral origin and the other seven were of synthetic origin. The method used was divided into two stages, the first of them was the addition of the additive to the lubricants, in seven concentrations that varied between 0.5% and 9.5% m/m. After that, the density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity were measured, all of them at 100 °C, and these experimental values were compared with the theoretical values calculated for thirteen different viscosity blending models. Then, the mean absolute error, the root mean square error and the mean absolute percentage error were calculated to verify the model with the best performance. The second stage is similar to the first, but this time, instead of adding the additive, synthetic base oils were added to synthetic lubricants and mineral base oils were added to mineral lubricants. After carrying out measurements and calculations, it was found that there was no model with better performance than another when adding base oils to lubricants, due to the high deviation values found. However, the Arrhenius, Power law and Grunberg-Nissan models were the best in predicting viscosity when viscosity index improving additives were added to lubricating oils.
Restauração florestal no Brasil: avaliação produtiva e mercado pós acordo de Paris
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Grandini, Guillermo Antonio Cerávolo; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-6214; Santos, Jeronimo Alves dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360442111575366; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-4973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0460680376164056
The present study seeks to assess the productive capacity of seedlings and seeds in Brazil, identifying the main actors in the reforestation market and the associated challenges, in the context of the goals established by the Paris Agreement. The methodology employed involves literature review and quantitative analysis, aiming to detail the role of the companies involved and the dynamics of this market. The results showed a notable growth of the sector after the Paris Agreement, highlighting the consultancy services and the generation and commercialization of carbon credits. However, currently, without considering the country's natural regeneration, the production of seedlings and seeds is insufficient to meet the reforestation target of 12 million hectares committed at COP21. The contributions of this work are significant for the decision-making by companies, investors, research institutions, and public policy makers, providing a knowledge base that can guide initiatives to achieve environmental sustainability goals and position Brazil as a leader in low greenhouse gas emissions. The discussion emphasizes the need for expansion and improvements in the seedling production segment, both in terms of quantity, with the construction of more nurseries, and quality, through the development of new technologies, reproduction protocols, and the development of new public policies that facilitate this process. The conclusions point to the urgency of strategies addressing the gap in production and the lack of skilled labor, proposing measures for the training of professionals and the encouragement of reforestation project execution.
O impacto da produção de bioetanol na segurança alimentar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Pinto, Letícia SImão Ribeiro; Milessi Esteves, Thais Suzane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7000002745065879
The development of integrated biorefineries, based on the complete utilization of plant biomass and the production of bioproducts such as biofuels, is an important strategy in replacing the global energy matrix with more sustainable processes, thus contributing to decarbonization and reducing dependence on fossil resources. However, one of the main obstacles still encountered is that the use of some plant biomasses, such as sugarcane and corn, raises the debate of competition between advances in bioproduct production and food production. According to the United Nations (UN), the world population is growing at an accelerated pace, resulting in an increasing demand for food to meet the needs of this expanding population, making food security a priority in the strategic plans of countries. In this context, this work aimed to conduct a critical analysis of the impact of bioproduct production on global food security. For this purpose, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the discussion related to the use of food resources and agricultural land for bioproduct production. Different perspectives were explored based on real data obtained from public reports and published studies. One of the central discussions is the need to find alternatives to increase the productivity of land dedicated to food production, as well as the development of new technologies for the production of alternative foods, such as plant-based protein, which can help meet the population's demand for quality nutrients. Additionally, second-generation raw materials (2G) are explored as a strategy to increase bioproduct productivity without using food raw materials. Finally, it was identified that waste has a much greater impact on food security than biofuel production.
Estudo do processo de produção de fator de proteção solar (FPS) mineral: etapas, legislação e lançamento no mercado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Mendes, Letícia Carolina; Guerra, Vádila Giovana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0752059622240208
Exposure to the sun is beneficial to the health of human beings as long as the necessary precautions are taken, such as correct photoprotection, since unlight induces the production of D vitamin. Despite this, ultraviolet radiation can cause damage to DNA, chemical changes and histological in epidermal cells, immunosuppression, cataracts, premature aging, and other diseases. Photoprotection is an essential tool that prevents these and other harmful effects on health. For this reason, the population's awareness of the risks arising from exposure to the sun is growing and, following this trend, the market is offering its answers. With the aim of offering better products that meet the population's demand, offering affordable prices and quality, the segment requires improvement of formulations and improvement in the quality of raw materials, which in turn, impact the development of more efficient production processes and, consequently, the need for investment in R&D. Therefore, the objective of the work is to evaluate the stages of production of mineral sunscreen in a medium-sized company that serves the master sector, as well as the marketing aspects and legislation involved in launching the product on the market. The production of mineral sunscreens is therefore a complex process that involves several steps, from the choice of ingredients to the final packaging of the product. Companies that want to stand out in this market need to be aware of consumer demands, sanitary regulations, and technological innovations. Thus, companies can guarantee the quality of their products, increase their competitiveness, and achieve success in this promising market.
Desenvolvimento de técnica a laser para determinação da porosidade de um leito fluidizado sólido-líquido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Silva Junior, Daniel; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-6075; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-8667
Obtaining reliable values for bed voidage is a crucial step in the design of fluidized beds. In this work, we studied different experimental methods for determination of a liquid-solid fluidized bed voidage. Four groups of particles with different properties were fluidized in water using laboratory-scale fluidization equipment. We obtained experimental values of bed voidage (𝜀) as a function of liquid superficial velocity (𝑈) using three different techniques. The first one uses a differential pressure sensor for obtaining the vertical pressure gradient (𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑧) and relating it to the voidage using the force balance. The second one consists of visually obtaining the average bed height (𝐻) and relating it to the voidage using the definition of voidage and the bed volume. The third technique, developed in this work, consists in using a light-emitting diode (LED) and a LDR light sensor on the outside of the column, for determining the bed height with more precision and reproducibility. The luminosity profiles around the bed’s surface had a sigmoid shape, as expected. We could find the bed’s height with less than 5 mm difference between measurements. The voidage values obtained by the three techniques were remarkably similar, specially between the two techniques based on the bed’s height. We observed the biggest differences for smaller superficial velocities, showing that the methods have better agreement in less dense beds. The laser method was more precise than the visual method, with standard deviation being seven times smaller. The experimental curves agreed with Richardson-Zaki model. The values of parameters n and k showed that the two methods based on bed height are closer to the bed behavior reported in literature.
Narrativa crítico-reflexiva sobre o curso de medicina: sobre as dificuldades, prazeres e experiências no trajeto de apfrender a aprender
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Ferreira Júnior, Júlio César; Bruno, Cristina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7690269357195395; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-9068
In this work I seek to briefly express reflections on the medical course cycles at the Federal University of São Carlos, their difficulties and transformative experiences. I intend to address how the different undergraduate scenarios were important for my learning process, that is, how I learned to learn.
Elaboração de padrões de manutenção autônoma e preventiva de bombas na indústria de bens de consumo: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Duarte, Luana Salgado; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8542653288767430
In the current context of globalization, the competition between companies for space in consumers lives is increasingly fierce. Every aspect of the planning, execution and routine in a company is crucial to defining its success. Productivity is a precious asset that puts an organization ahead of others by delivering more products available on shelves. The leadership of any organization has several sectors and processes that must be taken care of, one of the main ones being its assets. In a production line, the most important thing besides people is the equipment. Therefore, it is extremely important that machine care is designed and carried out in the best possible way, with maintenance being among the main precautions. By building a well-structured plan considering the different types of existing maintenance, companies ensure greater durability of their assets. The advantages includes a better cost management and a reduction of downtime on the production line. As processes and equipment evolve, their maintenance must also be adapted. With this, the autonomous and corrective maintenance routine of industrial pumps in a consumer goods company was presented, identifying the main causes of production stoppages. A criticality matrix was created using criteria of safety, quality, impact on the production process and maintenance indicators, being used to develop maintenance standards for the pump models studied.
Trajetória na medicina UFSCar em desenhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Pedrini, Natália Menegassi; Bruno, Cristina Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7690269357195395; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-9068; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9660391998759629
O presente documento é o trabalho de conclusão de curso de uma aluna do curso de medicina na Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Por meio de desenhos autorais realizados ao longo de toda a graduação, a estudante realiza uma narrativa crítico-reflexiva e relata seus pensamentos e sentimentos vividos ao longo do processo de formação médica.
Negrifeminicídio: O feminicídio de mulheres negras no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Carvalho, Alicia Scordamaia de; Moura, Maria Sílvia de Assis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9410151859448447; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4043644574313444
Violence against women and racism are extremely important issues that must be addressed with great care and seriousness. In this work, they will be presented together: the violent deaths of white and black women and their differences in the state of São Paulo, where the Federal University of São Carlos is located. Through Generalized Linear Models of Poisson distribution, the evolution of the number of violent deaths of women in four different periods will be studied: before the enactment of the Maria da Penha Law; from the enactment of the Maria da Penha Law to the enactment of the Femicide Law; from the enactment of the Femicide Law to the decree of the Covid-19 pandemic; and the Covid-19 pandemic decree until the end of 2021. In addition to the influence of the enactment of laws and the Covid-19 Pandemic, other factors such as Schooling, Marital Status, Age and Place of Occurrence of death will also be studied, and how these factors separately influence, and in each period, the violent death of Black and White women in the state of São Paulo from 1999 to 2021.
Gestão de risco ambiental em usina sucroenergética: estudo qualitativo por matriz de interação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Oliveira, Caroline Grizzo Martiniano de; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3305979144191635; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5815-6701
The growing demand for energy, coupled with the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, has put the sugar-energy industry at the center of discussions on economic and environmental development. The production of sugar and ethanol from sugar cane offers significant opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigating climate change. This industry plays a key role in the Brazilian economy, contributing significantly to job creation and export earnings. However, it is also associated with a number of adverse environmental impacts, including water pollution, soil manipulation, emissions of polluting gases into the atmosphere - such as carbon dioxide (CO2) - and the intensive consumption of natural resources. Proper management of these environmental risks is essential not only to comply with environmental regulations, but also to maintain sustainability of the industry and its social license to operate. Thus, this paper explores the topic of environmental risk management in sugar-energy plants, analyzing the challenges, strategies and practices associated with minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The object of study was a Sugar-Energy Plant X located in the interior of São Paulo and the visit made for the work took place in October 2023 during the 2023/2024 harvest. The Interaction Matrix method was used to identify and classify environmental aspects and risks using criteria that assess the occurrence of the event, the severity and the degree of detection. severity and degree of detection. The results showed that the sugar-energy plant has a high level of detection of the environmental risks that may occur, showing that it has ample capacity and speed to adopt measures to reduce pollution of water, the atmosphere and the soil, as well as making conscious use of natural resources in its processes. A environmental risk analysis proved to be satisfactory for the process analyzed, mainly through the application of the Interaction Matrix method.
Síntese enzimática de biolubrificantes a partir de óleos vegetais ácidos e/ou resíduos industriais do processamento de óleos vegetais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Figueiredo, Luiza Gambetta; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-9881; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7500887344686916; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8468-1133
Given the current scenario of energy transition, biolubricants are an interesting alternative to replace lubricating oils from fossil sources, which are the most used in the market to reduce friction effects between surfaces, among other several applications Biolubricants are composed of fatty acid esters that can be derived from biomass, such as vegetable oils, from transesterification reactions of oils or esterification of fatty acids with long linear and/or branched-chain alcohols. This work aimed at evaluating the enzymatic production of fatty acid esters for biolubricant bases by esterification of commercial fatty acids and isoamyl alcohol using as a biocatalyst a liquid lipase formulation from Novozymes A/S, Eversa Transform®, which was specially formulated to product biodiesel from lipid material with high free acidity. From experimental data of ester yield or substrate conversion over time, as well as data reported in the literature for the synthesis of esters from fatty acids and DDOS (distillate from the deodorization of soybean oil), kinetic modeling were made to determine which models best fit this type of reaction (classic Michaelis-Mentem, Michaelis-Menten with inhibition, Ping Pong Bi-Bi, etc.), thus allowing the obtaining of kinetic (such as Vmax, Km, KI) and thermodynamic (enthalpy and activation energy) parameters. Also, the specificity of the enzyme for different fatty acids was determined, evaluating its affinity in relation to chain size and the presence of unsaturations, showing best results regarding to fatty acids of saturated medium-to-long chains, such as stearic acid. Regarding the solvent used, heptane proved to be more adequate. Conversion profiles over time using lauric acid (C12:0) and coconut oil (mostly composed of ca. 70% of medium-chain saturated fatty acids – C12:0-C16:0) were also evaluated. For lauric acid, a higher conversion was observed in the interval of 12 to 24 h, reaching a maximum conversion of 45%. For coconut oil, the yield of isoamyl esters was evaluated, obtaining a yield lower than 3.5% at the end of 24 h of reaction.
Dimensionamento de um evaporador de vinhaça do tipo névoa turbulenta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Gomes, Leonardo Chaves; Queiroz, João Paulo Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316247674511327; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-2773
The study analyses evaporation as a sustainable strategy for vinasse disposal, a subproduct of sugarcane ethanol production. The research aims to establish the sizing of a turbulent mist evaporator with a water evaporation capacity of 180 ton/h. The sizing was carried by the resolution of mass and energy balance equations capable of include the vinasse flash effect, a characteristic phenomenon that occurs in this evaporation design; also, the advantages and disadvantages of a 5 or 4 effects evaporator were analyzed in operational, installed area and energy consumption terms. As a result, for a 180 ton/h water evaporation, the evaporation effect area is 4581 m² and the alcoholic vapor consumption is 77,3 ton/h for a 5-effect design; and an effect area of 4632 m² and alcoholic vapor consumption of 97,6 ton/h are needed for a 4-effect design.
Análise do ciclo de vida de biocompósitos de bagaço em substituição ao poliestireno expandido em embalagens de delivery
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Martins, Nathalia Oliveira; Lima, Alice Medeiros de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0038936541518854; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-1780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9400775883137431; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3158-6997
The delivery market has grown a lot in recent years, accelerated by the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, this style of eating has become a necessity in many people's lives. However, delivery market is still based on the use of packaging made of plastic. These packaging, when discarded incorrectly, can turn into microplastic and end up in the organism of marine animals and even humans. It is in this scenario that studies are emerging to find more sustainable packaging, one of the many possibilities is packaging made from bagasse, which in addition to using a by-product of the sugar and alcohol industry is also biodegradable. This work aims to analyze the life cycle of 1kg of delivery packaging made from two different materials: bagasse and expanded polystyrene (EPS). To calculate the impacts of each chain, the OpenLCA software was used. For the bagasse packaging production flow, it was considered that the raw material would come from a sugar and alcohol industry, subsequently going through a pulp treatment process, heading to the thermoforming industry to generate the packaging and finally having two disposal possibilities: landfill or composting. For EPS packaging, the process begins with the removal of oil, cracking of Naphtha, polymerization and expansion of polystyrene, followed by the thermoforming process and disposal in the landfill. As a result, bagasse performed worse in 7 of the 11 categories studied, with sugarcane cultivation being the main responsible for the values achieved. In relation to disposal in landfill or composting, the impact categories had very similar values to each other, not making the advantage of biodegradable packaging evident.
Estudo dos efeitos antimicrobianos e antioxidantes de óleos essenciais aplicados contra patógenos alimentícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Di Fonzo, Izabella Andrade; Matos, Andreia Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6155202940087696; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9502-116X
Essential oils are natural products originated from plants that have volatile aromatic compounds and are mostly made of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids metabolites. They are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their power to produce pleasant odors, but they can also be used in therapeutic compounds and against the oxidation and deterioration of food by microorganisms. Food products are more prone to microbiological contamination that can lead to deterioration, causing physical and sensory changes that make the product unfit for consumption. Over the years, studies on the antimicrobial activity of essential oils have been growing more and more, but in Brazil research resources are precarious, so technological advances are smaller when compared to other countries. In this way, this work aimed to analyze the antimicrobial effects of essential oils applied against various food pathogens through existing research, since its application could become an alternative in the future for the replacement of artificial chemical additives. For this, a search was carried out on academic sites like Science Direct and Capes Periodic on the subject, and the studies were ordered according to the analyzed requirements. Therefore, several antimicrobial effects were verified against food spoilage bacteria at different concentrations, in addition to different inhibitory effects based on the diameter of the halos. Finally, it was found that it is still necessary to carry out further experiments involving the ability of oils to combat microorganisms of food origin, ensuring that there will be no changes in the sensory and chemical composition of foods.
Cultivo de Aspergillus niger C em estado sólido em biorreator de leito empacotado para a produção de ácido cítrico e biofertilização de solos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Costa, Marília Batistella; Milessi Esteves, Thais Suzane; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7000002745065879; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5007-5818; Casciatori, Fernanda Perpétua; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1269950652196294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5243875507868426; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8090-6416
To minimize the environmental impact of agricultural activities, it is imperative to replace the use of agrochemicals produced from fossil sources with fertilizers from renewable sources. With regard to phosphate fertilizers, which are generally necessary as a supplement in the initial stages of cultivation, a sustainable alternative is the use of microorganisms capable of promoting the biological solubilization of the mineral from phosphate rocks, in which phosphorus is present in the form of stable complexes that need to be broken down in order to make the mineral available to plants. The main mechanism of phosphate solubilization by microorganisms is related to the production of organic acids. In this scenario, the fungus Aspergillus niger C stands out for its already known ability to produce citric acid and solubilize phosphate from commercial rocks. The production of acid and the solubilization of phosphate by this fungus can be carried out by solid-state fermentation (FES), a bioprocess that allows the use of agro-industrial solid wastes as substrates. In this context, this work aimed to contribute to the development of an industrial process for the production of biofertilizer capable of solubilizing the phosphate present in Brazilian commercial phosphate rock, using the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger in a packed bed bioreactor (BLE), batch cultivations were carried out and in continuous mode in BLE, in order to compare the results of the scale-up with those obtained previously in bottle scale experiments. The parameters analyzed in the scale-up were: concentration of organic acids, quantified as citric acid using the titration method, concentration of soluble phosphate, quantified by the Murphy and Riley method, concentration of soluble proteins, quantified by the Bradford method, and temperature profiles. Finally, results were obtained that showed that there is a great challenge in controlling the temperature of the fermentative modules during the scale expansion, both in batch cultivation and in continuous cultivation, which resulted in a low metabolization of organic acids, with direct consequence in the solubilization of the commercial phosphate rock.
Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo na educação superior: experiências durante o contexto remoto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Bragagnollo, Bryan Vinycius; Paulino, Vanessa Cristina; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-623X
Students with Autistim Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often face a series of challenges when entering higher education. These challenges may include difficulties in social interaction and communication, making relationships with colleagues and teachers more complex. The need for consistent and predictable routines can conflict with the flexibility required by university life, which can be challenging for these students. Adapting to different teaching methods, evaluations and course structures can also represent significant obstacles, requiring more personalized support and adapted teaching strategies to ensure the academic success of these students. The objective of this work, as an experience report, was to analyze and describe the experience of accompanying a student with ASD in higher education. Through the autobiographical approach, a detailed analysis of the experiences of a student with ASD was performed when facing higher education during the transition to the remote teaching period, offering a unique view of this new structure, identifying barriers in Access to education, issues of social interaction, adaptation to online teaching methods and the effectiveness of the support offered by the university institution. The study highlights the interaction of the researcher with higher education teachers, challenging the previous perspective that collaborative education would not be applicable in an undergraduate course. This interaction not only refuted this belief, but also opened doors for opportunities for mutual learning, knowledge sharing and improvement of teaching practices. By revealing the viability and benefits of collaborative education in the context of higher education for students with ASD, this work not only offers a personal account, but also contributes to the broader understanding of the importance of the right to academic education of these students. In addition, practical recommendations are presented to improve the educational experience of tea students in the remote context.
Adaptação na educação infantil de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: relatos das famílias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-01-22) Bueno, Luana Sposito; Cia, Fabiana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-3331; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7213557871694698
Early Childhood Education, the first stage of Basic Education, includes the dimensions of caring, educating and playing. This phase is responsible for the child's first contact with a new environment, routine and people, moving them away from their family environment. Therefore, attention is needed during this period of adaptation, with the family being the protagonist and fundamental to its success. When you have a child with a disability or autism, family dynamics undergo changes, which must be based on the specific needs of the children. Thus, when entering Early Childhood Education, children with disabilities can cause insecurity in their parents. Establishing a relationship of trust between the family and the school becomes essential in this scenario. Therefore, the present study sought to analyze the school adaptation of children with disabilities, according to the families' opinions. The study design was descriptive and exploratory in nature. It had the participation of five parents, who carried out the interview in person or remotely, depending on their preference, guided by a semi-structured script. Through the results, it was understood that families enrolled their children with disabilities in Early Childhood Education with a view to their development and socialization. However, in some cases the adaptation process is still not successful, mainly because there are no exchanges with the institution before entry and during the child's stay at school. Legal services and adaptations to activities have not yet been observed, requiring the child himself to adapt to what was offered. The Early Childhood Education institution contributed to the development of children, from the parents' perspective. Furthermore, the effective relationship between the family and the school is not present, contributing to the feeling of distrust in relation to the work carried out by education professionals. For effective communication, it is important to invest in continued training of the school team, quick and easy contact between both parties and the promotion of an inclusive school culture, which provides space for parents to express their concerns, benefiting the school community as a whole