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As cem linguagens do desenho da criança no trabalho docente da educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Pereira, Karla Raquel Lima; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-7851; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7994534434473608; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0865-0755
El dibujo está presente todos los días en las aulas de las escuelas infantiles y es vivido por los(as) niños(as) de diferentes maneras, pudiendo irradiar elementos de sensibilidad y creación infantil. Teniendo en cuenta eso, el objetivo general de esta investigación, aprobada por el Comité de Ética bajo el dictamen nº 4.683.194, fue analizar la apropiación de las profesoras en relación a los dibujos de los(as) niños(as) y sus implicaciones para su labor docente en el contexto de la educación infantil. El abordaje metodológico utilizado fue cualitativo, mediante la técnica de grupo focal con docentes que trabajan en una escuela comunitaria de educación infantil de São Luís - MA, cuyos datos fueron analizados y discutidos a partir del análisis de contenido de Bardin (2016). Se adoptó la Teoría Histórico-Cultural, como referencia teórica, en diálogo con el enfoque Reggio Emilia y autores(as) que investigan y abordan el dibujo infantil y/o los elementos que lo entrelazan, como Malaguzzi (1993, 1999, 2020), Derdyk (2010), Iavelberg (2010, 2013, 2017), Rodari (2010), Vecch (2017), entre otros. Se constató que la apropiación del dibujo por parte de las docentes en el contexto de la educación infantil es el resultado de sus internalizaciones psíquicas provenientes de experiencias sociales formativas con sus pares, que a su vez provienen de la formación inicial, la formación continua y la propia cotidianidad escolar. Desde esta perspectiva, las profesoras ven el dibujo, predominantemente, con concepción psicológica, en detrimento de la pedagógica. También lo ven como un motor de la imaginación y la creatividad, cuyo desarrollo es relacionado a las experiencias familiares, con la ausencia de una mirada más cercana a sus propias experiencias escolares, lo que resulta en prácticas de enseñanza basadas en fechas conmemorativas y el uso de actividades fotocopiadas o libros didácticos. De esta manera, este trabajo sostiene que el dibujo, por sus posibilidades expresivas, comunicativas y cognitivas, es uno de los "cien" lenguajes del(a) niño(a), en el que puede interactuar, apropiarse, pensar, sentir, crear y dejar marcas, objetivándose a sí mismo, lo que refleja la necesidad de un trabajo pedagógico estético y artístico orientado al desarrollo de este lenguaje y, en consecuencia, del(a) niño(a).
O papel dos estoques reguladores no controle da inflação de alimentos selecionados: um estudo exploratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Santos, Acácia dos Santos; Carrara, Aniela Fagundes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348376949393246; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-2344; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4224183168553406
The discussion on food inflation is a highly relevant topic in the Brazilian economic debate, as it extends beyond the purely price-related issue to directly impact the population's ability to access basic food and, consequently, ensure food security. Numerous factors influence food prices, but there seems to be a consensus in both national and international literature that their origin lies on the supply side. This may explain why the primary instrument of inflation control, namely interest rates, is ineffective in stabilizing these prices. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and discuss the potential effects that direct control of the supply of the rice, bean and wheat such as through regulatory stocks, may have on their price levels. To achieve this, an index reflecting the prices of those three basic products was calculated and incorporated into a model inspired by the Phillips curve, estimated using a time series framework. The results point to the complexity of the problem of food inflation, suggesting that factors other than the quantities supplied have an influence on price variation. Even so, one cannot discard the initial hypothesis regarding the capacity that buffer stocks may provide good assistance for monetary policy, with regard to price stabilization.
O letramento visual em materiais didáticos bilíngues para surdos (Libras língua portuguesa) escolhas e práticas pedagógicas do professor surdo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Tavares, Talita Nabas; Höfling, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6808756591702378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6123563826363398
Nowadays, in Brazil, there are some issues related to the Deaf teachers’ pedagogic choices and practices that effectively reach the Deaf student in their linguistic specificities. When considering this theme, we rely on Soares (2004) and Lebedeff (2017) studies, which bring the Visual Literacy as a possibility in the teaching-learning process of Deaf students, approaching a visual context similar to how Deaf people see and understand the world. Within this study, with the research-action methodology, our objective is to reflect upon our own pedagogic practice and rethink our challenges and problems, besides thinking how to overcome those difficulties in the school daily routine and in the teaching of Portuguese as a second language (PL2). We proposed, then, the analysis of a proposal about the use of Visual Literacy as central basis of pedagogic practices and bilingual materials, in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) and Portuguese, produced according to a bilingual perspective, defended by authors such as Quadros (2011), Fernandes (2013), Perlin (2012), among other researchers of the Education for Deaf People. Therefore, this investigation aims at presenting the paths used from the experiences of the teaching practice in the bilingual context of the Education for Deaf people, under a unique look by the same Deaf teacher. According to the results obtained from data analysis, we identified issues related to teaching of PL2, to the applicability of the Bilingual Materials for Deaf People (MDBS), and to the strategies of the bilingual teaching. Those findings can contribute to a better comprehension of how the Visual Literacy can help the PL2 education at elementary school of bilingual education, orienting teachers and professionals involved in this kind of activity, related to challenges intrinsic to the Deaf people education and the schools in this context.
A puericultura no município de Belém-PA: o registro de ações da atenção primária à saúde no prontuário eletrônico do cidadão (PEC) do e-SUS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Ataide, Carlos Eduardo Ramos; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2767; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8530512586734641; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-3665
The literature indicates great potential for children's development, especially in early childhood. However, to promote health in childhood, services and strategies are needed that are capable of monitoring the different stages of development. Childcare actions in the field of primary care enable disease prevention and early detection of children's health problems. One of the strategies developed in Brazil by the Ministry of Health is the Electronic Citizen Record (PEC). Objective: to investigate childcare actions in the municipality of Belém (Pará) based on SISAB data and information present and absent in the PEC. Method: descriptive-quantitative research, with a cross-sectional approach, used retrospective documentary analysis in order to analyze the PEC records in childcare consultations that took place in three basic health units in the municipality of Belém in the state of Pará. Results: Data from the Primary Care Health Information System (SISAB) allowed for the characterization of general childcare consultations in the municipality. Data collected from three basic health units in Belém (10%) regarding the filling in of information on childcare appointments in the citizen's electronic medical record indicates: (a) families seek out childcare appointments with a view to a scheduled appointment; (b) nursing is the professional category that most often provides this type of care; (c) together with nursing, medicine and occupational therapy are the three most prevalent professions. The profile of the children shows that consultations start after the 28th day of life, with follow-up visits varying between 3 months and 16 months. The areas that showed the most gaps were "phenotypic alterations", "risk factors", "referrals", "test requests", "test results", "medication prescriptions" and "scheduling appointments". On the other hand, the fields with the most records are mostly directly related to the physical examinations carried out by the professional at the childcare appointment and the birth data: "weight", "length", "up-to-date vaccination", "assessment", "objective" and "reason for appointment". Final considerations: For future studies, we suggest research that describes the physical conditions (e.g. presence of computers, access to the web; consultation time; dynamics of the records) and human resources training (courses, workshops) related to the investments made by the government to fill out the PEC.
Serviço de acolhimento em família acolhedora e a (Des)institucionalização da primeira infância: família e condição humana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Sbaraglini, Geisa Araújo de Almeida; Souza, Geraldo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-0027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6566413336520709; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5270-8122
This research is interdisciplinary in nature and deals with the Foster Care Service - SAF, with a focus on the (de)institutionalization of Early Childhood, Family and the Human Condition. The Family Reception Service is a protective, temporary, exceptional and preferential measure to Institutional Reception, provided for in the Child and Adolescent Statute – ECA, which aims to welcome children and adolescents in situations of social risk. The Foster Family, through provisional custody, assumes all care for the children and adolescents inherent to a family. The primary objective of the research is to understand the Foster Care Service and the Process of (De)Institutionalization of early childhood and its Human Condition. Starting from this objective, we are based on theorists who address the history of childhood Ariès (1978; 2022), Rizzini (2007), Freitas (2016); human condition, Arendt (2021), Butler (2015); social protection and families, Minayo (2016), Berberian (2013), Veronese (2021); and Family support, Cabral (2004), Fonseca (2006), Valente (2022). We carried out bibliographical research through the Capes theses and dissertations database, between 2017 and 2022, resulting in five master's dissertations, two in the area of social work, two in the area of law and one in the area of psychology, and research documentary, through Laws, Decrees and other official documents that deal with Family Accommodation. The reason for carrying out the study was after the death of a baby in the city of Bauru/SP, who was under protection measures in a Family Care Service and in view of this situation we sought to understand the Human Condition of children who were removed from family life. and the role of the Foster Family linked to the protection service. As a result, we consider that the Family Care Service is still relatively new and the practice of institutionalization remains present.Families need support from public policies that serve all members and stop being judged as incapable of providing care. We understand that the Family Care Service differs from institutional care, as the family that welcomes the child also welcomes their history and their family of origin, aiming to return the child to their family environment when appropriate. For these reasons, the results also indicate that the human condition of the child, which was previously deprived of protection, goes beyond its origins and today begins to be an expression of care and the Family Care Service, in turn, when welcoming early childhood, offers protection, individualized care, aiming at human development according to the child's peculiar condition. Finally, the aim is for the research to bring reflections on the different types of reception and their interdisciplinary complexities along with the network of services linked to high complexity and the articulation with the Special Social Protection Network determined by the Rights Guarantee System.
(Des) Proteção Social: a voz da criança e do adolescente no procedimento da Escuta Especializada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Castro, Vanessa Queiroz; Souza, Geraldo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-0027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7930502958100487; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-2894
This dissertation aims to analyze the social protection condition of children and adolescents who are victims of violence, based on Law 13.431/2017, which establishes the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System. To achieve this goal, the focus of investigation is on the social protection of children and adolescents, with the goal of ensuring conditions of care and protection through the Specialized Listening procedure. The methodology employed includes bibliographical and documentary research. With a theoretical foundation in childhood studies and protection (Ariès, 1981; Leite, 2011; Dobke, 2001; Cezar, 2007); and human condition (Arendt, 1969, 1994, 2007; Butler, 2011, 2015, 2021), we conducted bibliographical research in the Capes database of theses and dissertations, from 2017 (the year the law was enacted) to 2022, resulting in the selection of 5 master's dissertations (professional and academic) and 1 doctoral thesis as the corpus for analysis. Laws, decrees, and regulations that regulate the Specialized Listening procedure complement our corpus from the perspective of documentary research. A case study, based on news reports (Fantástico program on Rede Globo), highlights the importance of comprehensive protection by the State and the contradictions involving different actors responsible for the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System in implementing the Specialized Listening procedure. The results emphasize the importance of coordinating the network of the Rights Guarantee System to ensure that the voices of all children and adolescents are heard in their unique human development conditions and that their fundamental rights are guaranteed. Therefore, the Specialized Listening procedure should not be considered merely as information gathering, but as a technical process that records not only what is heard but what has happened to the victim, seeking to first hear from the responsible and subsequently from the child or adolescent. This is a procedure that can contribute to an in-depth understanding of the reality of children and adolescents in search of social protection and care, to overcome the violence they have suffered.
Luto manicomial e memórias colonizadas: lembranças de trabalhadoras de hospitais psiquiátricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Mazetto, Tamiris Cristina Gomes; Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2923; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3879250268200015; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-1219
This thesis aims to analyze memories about mental hospitals in the region of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo, through oral histories of women who worked in those places. Its objective is to investigate working conditions in asylums and the institutionalization of workers, considering the plots that articulate coloniality and asylum, especially in their intersections with issues of race and gender. The collective memory about asylums revealed that more than two thirds of the institutionalized people were black, the majority were illiterate, and came, in many cases, from other cities of the São Paulo state and other Brazilian regions. The hospitalized people found their self in a brutal chronic condition; Those called as “chronic” were subjected to the most violent “treatments”, they constituted the group most subject to asylum death, which included children and adolescents. Institutionalized women, the majority of whom were black, were also subjected to the violence of rape. Regarding work experiences, the exploitation of the work of female employees was noted, particularly under the discourse of “work for love”, as a mark of the historical abuse of reproductive work essentialized as feminine. The interviewees' memories were considered “emblematic memories”, considering the publicization of individual memories as an important force in the production of social ruptures. The division of the world and the fragmentation of biographies as traces of colonialism, with the perpetuation of racist, classist and misogynistic segregation, had repercussions on population cuts and on the “treatment” given to madness and the “crazy”, which possibly, raised boundaries in the workers’ own bodies: “border-bodies” between “work for love” and the operation of institutional violence. In the analysis about the permanence of denying and defensive contents in the processes of working and elaborating memories, inspired by Grada Kilomba's reflections on “colonial mourning”, this study proposed the concept of “asylum mourning”. This corresponds to the perpetuation of a siege on the social imaginary, through the repetition of the narrative that attributed to hospitalization in “psychiatry” the seal of the only possible action for the supposed support of people in intense psychosocial suffering, in a timeless way, for the benefit of maintaining of the powers, privileges and prestige of the “lord-owners” of the madness market. “Asylum mourning” produces the impediment of one’s own mourning and colonizes memories, senses and affections, enabling reflections on the difficulties in advancing anti-asylum psychiatric reform in Brazil.
Qualidade de vida, fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e subjetivos em adultos com feridas de difícil cicatrização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Jacon, João Cesar; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7229458130469358
To assess the quality of life and sociodemographic, clinical, and subjective factors (depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-care, and pain) in adults with hard-to-heal wounds. Methodology: A correlational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected in two municipalities in the state of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 116 patients. The following instruments were used to collect the data: the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - Short Form (DASS-21), the Appraisal of Self-Care Agency Scale (ASA-A), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RAS), the Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (The General Self-Efficacy Scale) and the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment-Wound (FLQA-Wk), by which the results were presented considering relative and absolute frequencies, as well as measures of central tendency. For inferential statistical analysis, the following tests were used: correlation (Spearman and Chi-square), association and comparison (Mann-Whitney or Kruskal Wallis), and the Bonferroni post-test. CAAE: 63323822.9.0000.5504. Results: DASS-21, depression (68.1%), anxiety (76.7%), and stress (71.6%) between normal and mild, 43.1% optimal abilities to carry out self-care. 50% of the patients reported pain in the wound during the interview, with a median of 1.0 (IIQ 0-8.0), and the median time the wound had existed was 52 months (IIQ 17.0-204.0). In the quality-of-life assessment, the median was 10.7 (IIQ 6.4–13.6), the psychological well-being domain represents a state of a better quality of life (median 1.0 and IIQ 0.3–1.5), and the daily life (median 2.4 and IIQ 1.4–3.2) and treatment (median 2.4 and IIQ 1.5–3.0) domains represent domains with the worst quality of life. The overall score for self-esteem was a median of 31.5 (IIQ 26.0–34.8) and for self-efficacy, a median of 4.3 (IIQ 3.2–4.8). Conclusion: Patients with difficult-to-heal wounds had a poor overall quality of life and were associated with the presence of pain at the time of the interview, female gender, insufficient income, not practicing physical activity, and wounds of vasculogenic etiology, as well as symptoms of moderate depression. Wound pain during the interview was correlated with the number of wounds that were difficult to heal and was associated with symptoms of mild depression. Patients with vasculogenic wounds complained of greater intensity. Symptoms of moderate depression were identified in single people, and low schooling was associated with depressive symptoms. Anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and a low perception of self-efficacy were more evident in women with wounds that were difficult to heal. Physical activity and schooling had a negative influence on perceived self-efficacy. Elderly people with chronic wounds have a lower capacity for self-care, lower self-esteem, and a poorer perception of self-efficacy.
Inferência Bayesiana em modelos de volatilidade estocástica na média utilizando o método de Monte Carlo Hamiltoniano em variedade Riemanniana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Holtz, Bruno Estanislau; Ehlers, Ricardo Sandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4020997206928882; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-5173; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1271741536149124; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1548-1796
This paper considers the stochastic volatility in mean model, where the conditional distribution of the data belongs to the mixed-scale normal family for modeling financial time series. This model class is more robust in accommodating errors with heavier tails than the normal distribution, a characteristic often observed in financial data. Parameter estimation is conducted through a Bayesian algorithm employing Markov Chain methods, specifically the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) method and its variant, the Riemannian Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (RMHMC) method. The algorithm is implemented using the Rcpp and RcppArmadillo libraries in the R language. Recently developed information criteria, namely the Watanabe Akaike Information Criterion (WAIC) and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV), along with the deviance information criterion (DIC), are calculated to compare the model fits. Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Finally, we apply the developed methodology to real return series, providing empirical evidence of its effectiveness.
O espaço físico e o ambiente escolar: um estudo sobre os saberes de educadores, professores e gestores de uma escola de educação infantil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Silva, Andressa Bernardo da; Silva, Flávio Caetano da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7889803676083470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8002346971188342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4427-6511
The research, a case study, deals with the knowledge of early childhood education professionals from the relationship with knowledge, through the socio-anthropological/microsociological view of the concept formulated by Bernard Charlot (2000; 2005). Considering that the relationship with knowledge is a process in which subjects interact with the world, with themselves, with others and construct knowledge, the question arises: what is the knowledge about the physical space and school environment of educators, teachers and managers of an early childhood education school? The objective was: to survey and analyze the knowledge of education professionals about physical space and the school environment. The field of research are education professionals from a municipal early childhood education school located in a medium-sized municipality in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The subjects' common context: being women, working as education professionals at the same school, experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic and being part of the Escola-Outra training project at UFSCAR. Data collection was carried out virtually through Google "Forms", with the 15 subjects who agreed to participate, using the knowledge assessment and the in-depth questionnaire as instruments. Using the concepts of knowledge, learning, mobilization, desire, activity and meaning (CHARLOT, 2009), through the steps: problematization; context; positive reading; standards; representative knowledge; grouping, it was not possible to survey and analyze the representative knowledge in the subjects' speeches. It is concluded that: early childhood education professionals value external spaces and consider the school park to be the most important space; they know that it is physical space and environment in everyday life, but they do not differentiate between them in their speeches; there is a relationship of transformation in the knowledge of teachers, based on the experiences we have in the spaces as students; the physical space and the environment themselves do not define whether the subject's experience will be happy or sad, but it is the relationships with the self, the other and the world, which relate to knowledge and transform spaces and environments into places (AUGÉ, 1995); space and the environment educate and transform the subjects’ knowledge.
Os aparelhos da sociedade civil mobilizados em torno do ensino domiciliar no Brasil (1994-2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Salles, Paulete Zilli Silveira de; Martins, Marcos Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515924584428591; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-2030; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9081682685652149; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7546-3806
This dissertation’s theme is homeschooling, that was approved by the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies in may of 2022. The object of the research are the civil society apparatus mobilized in defense and criticism of homeschooling. The research results that are present in this text were developed from the following questions: what are the status of homeschooling in Brazil? What are the principal civil society apparatus that is acting in favor and against the regulation of homeschooling in Brazil? What are the political-ideological profile of this civil society apparatus? The answer to the research’s problem was searched by bibliographic and documental research with qualitative focus based on historical-dialectical materialism. Whiting this reasoning, the Gramsci legacy as used, especially the concept of civil society and historical-critical pedagogy that, as pedagogical expression of historical-dialetictical materialism, was used to argument in favor of the right to schoolar education (therefore against homeschooling) and to give (in the conclusion) some proposals against the advance of homeschooling in Brazil. The documental research was restrained at identify and analyse legislative’s proposals that intend to regulament homeschooling and documents about the organization of civil society mobilized towards homeschooling. At the conclusion, is asserted that the civil society apparatus that defends homeschooling were promoted by the far right’s assension in Brazil and in the rest of the world and has a conservative reactionary political-ideological profile.
Avaliação da produção de biossurfactantes por microrganismos isolados de painéis fotovoltaicos: screening, otimização e uso de substrato alternativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Azevedo, Mariana Amaral; Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-1010; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9583170436229236; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1682-8967
Biotechnologically, biosurfactants are used as emulsifiers and surface tension reducers in industrial, pharmaceutical and food sectors. To reduce production costs, alternative carbon sources are used, such as agro-industrial waste. The present work aimed to select microorganisms that produce biosurfactants, previously isolated from photovoltaic panels; as well as evaluating and optimizing the production of biosurfactant using soy molasses as a substrate. The molasses was characterized and subjected to pre-treatment to increase the amount of monosaccharides accessible to microorganisms. To confirm the synthesis of biosurfactant by microorganisms, the reduction in surface tension was used as a parameter, and subsequently, production was optimized using a fractional factorial design (25-1). The selected conditions were diluted soybean molasses, at a temperature of 50ºC and rotation of 200 rpm, which resulted in the highest emulsion index and the greatest reduction in surface tension. The biosurfactants produced in tests with Psychrobacter sp. and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa emulsified different hydrophobic sources - soybean oil (93.77 and 84.03%), engine oil (80.67 and 67.99%), kerosene (85.66 and 62.01%) and diesel oil (95.30 and 88.19%); in addition to reducing surface tension (34.32 and 34.27 mN.m-1), respectively for bacteria and yeast. Finally, this work aimed to select biosurfactant-producing strains and valorize biomass to produce molecules with high added value.
Protocolos de Ensino Baseado em equivalência em estudantes universitários: efeitos da estrutura e do tipo de treino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Mali, Gabriel Lucas; Cortez, Mariéle Diniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-8330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2134645194106109; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-3417
Equivalence-Based Teaching (EBI) is a teaching protocol that has the stimulus equivalence paradigm as its guiding principle. A growing area of interest in EBI research is its application to teaching academic content in a university context. The present study implemented EBI protocols for teaching neuroanatomy to university students and verified the formation and maintenance of equivalence classes as a function of protocol structure parameters (one-to-many and many-to-one) and type of matching procedure (simultaneous matching to sample and delayed matching to sample). Participants were 48 university students who were subjected to an EBI protocol with a simple-to-complex training arrangement to establish four equivalence classes with four members each. The members of these classes were: written name of the brain structure (stimuli A), image of the brain structure (stimuli B), description of the structure's function (stimuli C), and description of what damage to the structure can cause (stimuli D). Participants were divided into four groups: group 1 was exposed to an EBI with a one-to-many structure and simultaneous matching to sample; group 2 was exposed to an EBI with a one-to-many structure and the delayed matching to sample, group 3 was exposed to an EBI with a many-to-one structure and simultaneous matching to sample, and group 4 was exposed to an EBI with a many-to-one structure and delayed matching to sample. At the end, participants responded to a social validity questionnaire regarding the EBI procedure. There were no significant differences between groups and between parameters when analyzing the: (1) number of participants in each group who reached the criterion of 89.6% correct answers in the mixed test in the first exposure after teaching (i.e., without need for retraining); (2) average percentage of correct answers in the final mixed test for each group; (3) average time and attempts required to form an equivalence class for each group, and (4) the percentage of participants in each group reached the criterion of 89.6% correct answers in the maintenance test. However, participants who performed the protocol with the delayed procedure obtained a greater number of correct answers in the maintenance test and the use of the procedure produced less variability between the participants' performances. The results answer one basic and one applied research question, reporting that the delayed matching had a positive effect on maintaining equivalence and, thus, indicating this parameter as the most appropriate to be used in EBI protocols in an academic context. It is discussed how different training parameters affect participant performance and how EBI can be implanted in an academic context.
Tênis de mesa na Educação Física Escolar: saberes emergentes de uma proposta de organização curricular para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Guaratti, Rodolpho; Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-5634; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913462714024274
A vast literature highlights the prevalence of sports content in Physical Education classes, with a dominance of certain team sports as hegemonic content in these classes. In Physical Education, to develop a teaching process capable of providing an alternative sports culture, the practice of racket sports can broaden the possibilities for student knowledge development, as well as the teacher's range of actions. This research aligns with other studies aiming to investigate alternatives to the monoculture of team sports in Physical Education classes, employing the research-action methodology. The study is a qualitative research of the research-action type, aiming to identify and analyze the emerging knowledge from the implementation of a curricular organization proposal with table tennis didactic units in Physical Education classes for a group from each of the final years of Elementary School (6th to 9th grade) in a public school in São Carlos, São Paulo. The data collection instrument used was observation records in class diaries during the school intervention, and data analysis was conducted using the category coding method. The results of this research were organized into three categories. The first descriptive category relates to the presentation of the Table Tennis curriculum, covering its development, organization, and conclusion. The other two analytical categories include an analysis of the students' experiences and interactions, also addressing a gender discussion that emerged during the classes in the second category. Finally, the third category involves the observation by the teacher-in-training of the challenges encountered in implementing this curriculum. Despite the challenges, this entire process has been extremely important for the prospective teacher and the students, and it can also serve as potential material for teachers who wish to work on this topic.
Do avanço à resistência: laicidade, conservadorismo e direitos LGBT+ no Brasil (2016-2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-21) Alexandrino Junior, Edson Ferreira; Leite, Kelen Christina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3264546143988753
This work analyzes the relationship between the secularism of the Brazilian state and the religiosity present in the behavior of members of the Legislative and Judicial branches when guaranteeing and enforcing the rights of the LGBT+ community. From a perspective that views law through a Marxist approach, this study aimed, through qualitative research in the repositories of the Chamber of Deputies, Federal Supreme Court, and State Courts, to identify bills and decisions rendered between 2016 and 2023 related to the consolidation and implementation of LGBT+ rights. This is particularly important given the advancement of conservative movements that seek, through the National Congress, to roll back already achieved rights. Through a literature review, a critical reflection was developed, presenting elements regarding an ideological construction that still dominates the relationships between sexuality and gender, affecting how demands brought to the Legislative and Judicial branches are treated and contributing to a pendulum movement within the justice system. The results indicated that, while the demands of the Brazilian LGBT+ movements progress, the opposing movement promoted by the growing neoconservative movement may hinder the enforcement of rights through confessional practices in the legislative, judicial, and legal realms. This directly affects processes of human emancipation and serves to maintain the status quo, resulting in a pendulum movement of law created between the interests of the "good citizen" and the LGBT+ community.