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Avaliação do papel do córtex orbitofrontal, ínsula e córtex cingulado anterior na modulação da ansiedade induzida pelo modelo de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Rosa, Luiz Augusto; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7902691936244538
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that results from exposure to severe traumatic events, with some of the main symptoms being: intrusive memories related to the trauma, constant avoidance, nightmares, hypervigilance and emotional helplessness. One of the main cognitive and behavioral processes related to PTSD is the difficulty in extinguishing the traumatic memory, which can persist for years or a lifetime. Among the various neural regions related to PTSD, we highlight the importance of the prefrontal cortex, responsible for both the coding and regulation of aversive responses, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the insula. To evaluate the role of these regions in modulating anxiety-type behaviors, we used male mice from the Swiss lineage that were subjected to a protocol for inducing PTSD based on a single exposure to foot shock (0.5 mA, 10s) in the dark side of the Dark-Light Box (DLB) followed by memory situations weekly in the light side of the DLB. To evaluate the modulation of aversive behavior, we performed injections of cobalt chloride (CoCl2), midazolam (GABAA-Benzodiazepine agonist, at doses 3.0 and 30.0 nmol) or saline intra-CCA, intra-COF and insula in animals that, then, they were exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM), and subsequently re-exposed to DLB. Our data demonstrated that application of CoCl2 to both the CCA, OFC and insula significantly increased the number of entries and time spent in the open arms of the DLB, in addition to increasing the number of entries and time spent on the dark side of the DLB. In contrast, the application of intra-CCA midazolam did not show significant results in the DLB, only during re-exposure to the DLB, increasing the exploration of the dark side. As for the COF, although the application of MDZ increased the exploration of the open arms in the EPM, it decreased the exploration of the dark side of the CCE. In turn, application of MDZ to the insula increased both the exploration of the open arms of the DLB and the exploration of the dark side of the DLB in the reexposure test. The results demonstrated that the application of CoCl2 to the CCA, OFC and insula produced a significant increase in the percentages of the number of entries and time spent in the open arms of the CSF, in addition to increasing the number of entries and time spent on the dark side of the CSF. Intra-CCA midazolam did not change behaviors in the maze but increased LE exploration during re-exposure to CCE. Intra-COF midazolam injections increased the exploration of the open arms in the LCE but decreased the exploration of the LE of the CCE. However, intrainsula midazolam increased both the exploration of the open arms of the CSF and the exploration of the LE of the CCE in the reexposure test. Taken together, our results show that: i) inactivation of the CCA, COF and insula with cobalt chloride induced anxiolytic-like behavior in the CSF and CCE, suggesting that these three structures are areas that participate in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior in mice. ii) GABAergic neurotransmission from the OFC and the Insula participates in the emotional control associated with the aversive response investigated. However, the lack of effect on CCA suggests that other neurotransmissions, in addition to GABAergic, are involved in modulating these behaviors.
Brincar, criar e construir : a potência do encontro entre as crianças e os objetos descartados na Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Godinho, Vicente Rosa; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-5800; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4892716729922066; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4913-2408
Children establish a playful and inventive relationship with the world. Various objects we discard daily, either at home or in industries, carry potential and possibilities. With that in mind, this research was conducted with the proposal of promoting an encounter among three groups of children, aged between 4 and 5 years old, from a Children’s Educational Center (in Sorocaba/SP). This educational center has discarded materials such as cardboard boxes, tubes, jars, lids, spools, bottles, pipes, and wood scraps, among others. The aim was to observe and register this playful and creative process that children with access to these materials go through, and also how they use these elements, what they do, and what the possibilities are for transformations and creations of these objects, as well as defending children’s rights to school plays at Early Childhood Education. Here are some questions that mobilized and guided the research: What relationships do children establish with these elements in their playful and inventive explorations? In what way, do these elements enrich and enhance their play and creations? Can playing with discarded objects favor the central role of children and their sense of authorship? This is a qualitative research study using a methodology known as “invite-research”, which consists of creating and organizing spaces using visual compositions with various types of discarded objects of different shapes, sizes, colors, and materials, creating an inspiring visual aesthetic that invites and provokes children to play and explore the possibilities of using these objects. While the children were playing, photographic records were made of their playful relationship with the discarded objects. The images are used as visual narratives that testify to the children's play and inventive processes, as well as act as catalysts for thought and provoke numerous reflections. The theoretical discussions are carried out based on an epistemological bricolage with various thinkers such as Huizinga, Benjamin, Bachelard, Lapoujade, among others. As a result, this research revealed the children's inventive and imaginative potential and their ability to perceive the potentiality and virtuality of discarded objects. These objects acted as triggers and catalysts of imagination while being transformed into language through the children's numerous creations, constructions, visual compositions, and many experimentations. Considering that these objects have no particular value or utility, the children were able to exercise their authorship and inventiveness, determining new uses and meanings for these objects, and transforming them into rich toys and powerful elements for their play. In this way, the research confirmed the importance of promoting open proposals in early childhood education. These proposals should support the interests and needs of the children, allowing them to exercise their inventive and imaginative potential through their play, creations, and experimentation. It also points out the power of play as a creator of territories of experimentation and creation - actions that enable children to act and express themselves in the world, inspiring and educating adults.
Análise sobre o papel da biomassa na economia circular do brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Pereira, Mateus Anselmo Farias; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
This work investigates the importance of biomass in Brazil's circular economy, addressing the context of the circular economy in some regions of the world and the relationship with biomass. The study also analyzes public policies related to biomass, including the National Solid Waste Policy, highlighting how these policies promote sustainable practices and the transition to a more efficient circular economy. The discussion revolves around the Brazilian scenario, analyzing its characteristics.
Simulação da secagem de bagaço de laranja em leito de jorro por um modelo em cascata usando softwares gratuitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Sgobi, Marcus Vinicius; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
Due to the increasing consumption and production of orange derivatives, a large amount of biomass, generically known as bagasse, is generated. This biomass has potential for several applications, such as use for animal feed or combustion, but all of them require a drying step. Among the various methods that can be used to carry out this drying, one that has accumulated a considerable volume of studies is that of the spouted bed, which, despite its disadvantages, has always proven to be quite viable on a small scale and even on a medium scale. . However, before any chemical process is consolidated, a simulation stage is required, which aims to mathematically describe the physical reality. Having a fully developed model valid for a wide range of conditions makes it possible to advance in certain stages of consolidating the drying process, such as developing an efficient control system and increasing scale. The objective of this Undergraduate Work was to develop and simulate an adaptive model and concentrated parameters for drying orange pomace in a spouted bed using free software, and subsequently carry out the validation of such a model, comparing the simulated results with data experimental trials available in advance. As far as it was possible to reach, with the short time available for the development of a very challenging TG, unfortunately, the experimental validation was not satisfactorily completed, as a very specific flaw in the code was identified that prevented the completion of this stage.
Análise do impacto da utilização de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear na esterilização do óleo de palma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Resende, João Pedro da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-0443; Ferreira, Maria do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
This work addresses the application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as a technological innovation to help optimize the palm oil sterilization process. The study assumes that the process and quality of palm oil extraction are poorly controlled, as it takes up to eight hours to analyze oil losses in a continuous process using conventional analysis methods, as is the case with chemical solvent extraction analysis, known as Soxhlet. Analyzing this major problem, this work proposes an analysis of the effectiveness of NMR in a low magnetic field when implemented in the quality control of the sterilization stage of bunches filled with fresh palm fruits. This is possible thanks to the fast and precise physicochemical analyzes that an NMR spectrometer performs. The motivation for this study is therefore based on the critical need to seek new technologies that meet the specificities and demands of today's world. Low magnetic field NMR is therefore proposed as an innovative technological solution, capable of analyzing sample parameters, such as determining oil content, a crucial factor for quality control and efficiency of the palm extraction process. This technology in itself is already old, from the 1950s more specifically, but its application in the palm oil extraction industry is as recent as the use of NMR for Quality Control and Certification (CCQ) of industrial products and processes ( COLNAGO, 2017). Emphasizing the quality control of losses resulting from sterilization, which are identified through the oil content contained in the condensed steam and empty bunches, a financial analysis of Return Over Investment (ROI) of the implementation of RMN as a quality controller is carried out to evaluate the viability of this technology. With the support of the Brazilian company Fine Instrument Technology (FIT) and a palm oil extracting industry, the results of the study bring a significant step towards innovation and improvement of industrial oil extraction processes. Providing valuable insights into the benefits of applying this technology in the oil industry, it can be seen that NMR equipment precisely analyzes the oil content contained in losses in the process, as analyzed by conventional methods, but much faster, which allows process control. With greater agility, new control points can be implemented, such as the analysis of raw materials upon receipt, enabling the minimization of losses through adjustments and gains relevant to the industries.
Logística: cadeia de suprimentos dos alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Roncato, Carolina Vieira; Silva, Thaís Jordânia; Neves, Isabelle Cristina Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3479449098249392
In the contemporary global scenario, efficiency in resource management and food security emerges as crucial challenges. Large scale food production, coupled with population growth, highlights the need to optimize the supply chain and logistics. The loss of food throughout these complex processes is a significant concern. Thus, this study aims to analyze logistics and the supply chain in the food industry through a literature review. The goal was to understand the causes and implications of food loss, provid ing a solid theoretical foundation for efficient and sustainable strategies. A qualitative literature review was conducted through bibliographic research on scientific platforms, including SCIELO, to explore key concepts related to logistics, supply chain, and food loss. The results highlight the main causes of losses along the supply chain, focusing on efficient and sustainable strategies proposed by various authors. The literature review provides an in depth understanding of the interconnection between lo gistics, the supply chain, and food loss. Emphasis is placed on the need for collaborative strategies, the adoption of advanced technologies, and the implementation of sustainable practices to mitigate losses. The study contributes to knowledge about the development of a more efficient, sustainable, and resilient food supply chain, aligned with the principles of social and environmental responsibility.
Avaliação da aprendizagem nos aprofundamentos curriculares do Novo Ensino Médio: as vivências dos coordenadores de gestão pedagógica geral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Moraes, Patrícia Aparecida Porcel; Pinheiro, Rosa Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6292207464385037; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-4842; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7225278858685311; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5760-9559
La Dirección de Enseñanza de Itapetininga tuvo en 2022 la implantación de la Nueva Enseñanza Media (NEM) establecido por la Ley nº 13.415/2017 concomitante con la ampliación de veintidós escuelas del Programa Enseñanza Integral (PEI) trayendo cambios significativos para el escenario escolar y sus actores. En el centro de estas modificaciones está el coordinador pedagógico, profesional responsable de la articulación de la triada profesores-estudiantes-aprendizaje. A la vista de esto, la presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo comprender los obstáculos enfrentados por el CGPG frente a las implantaciones del PEI y el NEM en relación a la evaluación del aprendizaje de las profundizaciones curriculares.Entre los objetivos también se apuntan: conocer por medio de las experiencias quiénes son y qué cuentan los CGPG considerando el contexto de la investigación, presentar dos cambios en la Enseñanza Media que relacionansi directamente con el objeto de este estudio y verificar si ocurre/ocurrió formación sobre evaluación de las profundizaciones curriculares - las nuevas disciplinas provenientes de la reforma - una vez que la Resolución SEDUC nº 143, de 20-12-2021 presenta orientaciones para que estos procesos no ocurran tan solo de forma tradicional. Para tanto con el objetivo de alcanzar el objetivo principal propuesto, situamos la siguiente cuestión de investigación: ¿cuáles fueron los desafíos enfrentados por los CGPG de la Nueva Enseñanza Media frente al proceso evaluativo de las profundizaciones curriculares? La realidad escolar presenta una parte considerable de profesores que aún se apoyan exclusivamente como instrumento de evaluación solo en la prueba escrita. Muchas veces apoyarse exclusivamente en la evaluación tradicional implica una estructura que privilegie solamente la memorización mecánica, no favoreciendo, desde el punto de vista cognitivo, el desarrollo de la comprensión, interpretación y reflexión. Sabemos que dentro de la escuela durante ATPCG cabe al coordinador pedagógico propiciar al cuerpo docente estudios sobre evaluación, una vez que él es uno de los responsables por la formación continuada de los profesores dentro de las unidades escolares. Siendo así, el trabajo formativo con las profundizaciones curriculares y el apoyo a los procesos evaluativos forman parte de sus atribuciones. Como ese estudio discurre sobre evaluación, nos apoyamos en algunos estudiosos como Luckesi (2005), Libâneo (1996, 2001) y Hoffmann (1994, 2011, 2012, 2013). A partir de estas consideraciones para apoyar la investigación, la metodología utilizada fue de abordaje cualitativo con base en cuestionario y entrevistas narrativas para que los CGPG compartieran sus vivencias y desafíos acerca del objeto investigado - el proceso evaluativo de las profundizaciones curriculares. Los análisis realizados basados en la construcción de datos nos permitieron construir consideraciones, entre ellas que en el año de implantación del PEI se priorizó la formación de los instrumentos del programa, pues hay una cantidad significativa de documentos para ser construidos, conseguir la nueva escuela secundaria sin la atención necesaria, lo que puede haber comprometido el estudio y la reflexión sobre el proceso de evaluación de las profundizaciones curriculares, ya que la falta de formación clara de SEDUC-SP para subsidiar el trabajo de los coordinadores durante la transición del EM al NEM, generó inseguridades institucionales que impactaron en la implantación de la reforma.
Funcionalidade de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down: impacto de fatores contextuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Brugnaro, Beatriz Helena; Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3191-3086; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6802096350143438; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3123
This thesis aimed to explore the functioning of children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS), and analyze the impact of contextual factors on it. This investigation was based on four studies developed before, during and after the easing of social distancing due to the covid-19 pandemic. Study I aimed to compare, in children with DS, functioning and environmental factors before and during the social distancing imposed by the covid-19 pandemic and determine which social, physical, behavioral and functioning aspects during distancing were correlated with each other. There was a significant increase in the frequency and involvement of participation at home and in the impact perceived by parents on the child's possibility to participate in daily activities, as well as a significant reduction in social support received by the caregiver. Furthermore, greater socio-emotional difficulties were associated with lower parental satisfaction as well as less physical activity. Therefore, the beginning of the pandemic affected the functionality of children with DS in several ways. Study II investigated, from the caregivers' perspective, the feasibility of remotely assessing the functioning of children and adolescents with disabilities during the covid-19 pandemic and the contextual factors related to feasibility. Remote assessment was considered easy and feasible by caregivers. Viability scores were inversely related to maternal age. The multiple linear regression model shows that the family's higher socioeconomic level, the mother's younger age, stricter social distancing, longer periods of social distancing from the mother, undergoing therapy during the pandemic and mothers who did not work explain 20.4% of the health feasibility score of remote assessment. Study III investigated whether participation opportunities at home (frequency and involvement) for children and adolescents with DS are associated with functional skills related to the domains of daily activities, mobility, social/cognitive and responsibilities. It was found that greater frequency of participation at home was significantly correlated with better results in the domains of daily activities, social/cognitive and responsibility. The involvement outcome was also significantly (positively) correlated with daily activities, social/cognitive and responsibility. The mobility domain was not correlated with frequency and involvement. Study IV aimed to describe current home participation (frequency, involvement), the caregiver's desire for change in the participation of children/adolescents with DS and home environmental factors. Additionally, explore the interrelations of personal and environmental factors with the caregiver's current participation and desire for change from caregivers. It was found that children's participation was highest in managing personal care and lowest in activities related to school. Most caregivers wanted changes in homework and household chores. Greater frequency of participation was related to male gender, less rigorous social distancing from caregivers and children receiving therapies. Greater involvement was related to the younger age of the children and greater environmental support. The older age of the children was associated with a greater desire for change in the caregiver. The findings obtained in this thesis contribute to advances in the investigation of the functioning of children and adolescents with DS, shedding light on factors that can be the target of clinical investigation and future research.
Sementes de feijão-de-porco: status da pesquisa, época de colheita e estabelecimento de metodologia para o teste de tetrazólio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Souza, Tuane Reis de; Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-3191; Forti, Victor Augusto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742976162363922; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-3603; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2416717929727390; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1947-9255
Green manure is an essential technology for conservation agriculture models. Jack beans are an example of green manure with great potential for use, however, in addition to the low availability of quality seeds, there is a certain lack of techno-scientific content on production techniques and seed quality. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine, through a systematic review, the situation of scientific research regarding the production and quality of jack bean seeds in the world and to evaluate, based on the morphological marker 'pod color ', the ideal harvest time for this species. Furthermore, it was intended to establish a methodology for carrying out the tetrazolium test in jack bean seed. With this research it was observed that Brazil assumes a prominent position in research related to the production and quality of jack bean seeds. With regard to seed production and quality, there are three studies, linked to the web of science, related to the proposed theme, which expresses the need to develop research to promote this area. Regarding the harvest time, it was concluded that the physiological maturity point in jack bean seeds can be characterized by the presence of yellowish pods. However, due to the seed's degree of moisture, the recommended point for harvesting is possibly the intermediate point between yellow and brown pods. Under the conditions of the worked seeds, for the tetrazolium test, the ideal preconditioning and staining times are 12 hours and 4 hours, respectively.
Panorama sobre a análise das propriedades mecânicas de pellets de diferentes biomassas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Faria, Monica Larissa De Azevedo; Rocha, Thalyne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2674259781470431; Freire, Fábio Bentes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8937961078558996
Biomass is considered a more sustainable energy production option than fossil fuels. However, although it has a lot of potential, its intrinsic characteristics, such as its low energy density, make its widespread use more difficult. Since its use requires large volumes, pelletization is an interesting process to provide the dissemination of biomass as a source of solid fuel, compacting it into units of uniform size, with or without binders, through mechanical compression. Therefore, ensuring the integrity of the pellets leads to the commercial value of this product, facilitating transport to large consumption centers and guaranteeing the most uniform burning conditions possible for the following stages of energy generation through combustion. This Graduation Work aims to define an overview of the analysis of the mechanical properties of pellets from different biomasses, covering everything from the most widespread methodologies and techniques of pelletization, with their respective quality criteria, to the practical aspects of applications in the area of energy reuse. . In its development, it is possible to compare characteristics of different biomasses, processes and pellets in terms of properties, both thermal and mechanical, which influence the final quality of the product. Finally, the properties of four types of pellets from different biomasses are compared, obtaining an insight that allows evaluating the importance of the pellet's final moisture in its durability, as well as the availability of carbon together with the density of the pellet, for the creation of a pellet with a high energy charge.
Uso de técnica de espectroscopia NIR no desenvolvimento de softsensor para monitoramento on-line da fermentação alcoólica industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Aidar Neto, Homero; Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-3478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7150533480143200
Automated control and monitoring of bioprocesses are fundamental tools for the modern biotechnology industry. Chemical introduction, for example, is a biotechnological process already well established in the sugar and alcohol industry, with high productivity and robust microorganisms. However, one factor can still be improved: bioprocess monito- ring. Detailed fermentation monitoring is carried out with at-line and off-line techniques, such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which implies a delay to verify the end of fermentation and/or some disturb. NIR spectroscopy can be used to monitor bioprocesses, inferring key variables in fermentation in real time, such as resi- dual sugar concentration. A major difficulty in using this technique is the presence of intense noise at frequencies, requiring pre-treatment for its use in a soft sensor. The use of a phenomenological interference model can reduce the noise associated with experi- mental data, improving the estimation of interference variations using the chemometric technique. Given these aspects, a methodology was developed for inferring cell concentra- tion, substrate concentration and product concentration in a prepared fermentation. The methodology is based on smoothing experimental data from samples using a fermentative kinetic model. Such data were correlated with NIR spectra to adjust the chemometric model PLSR (Partial Least Squares Regression) and construct the virtual sensor. Three fed-batch fermentations were used to construct the detection set and three batches were used to validate the sensor.
A função educativa da policial penal: aportes para pensar a prisão como instituição social humanizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Oliveira, Marcos Melo de; Onofre, Elenice Maria Cammarosano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9391211432183878; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-4728; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4801795290534913; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-2487
This study assumes that education is a complex phenomenon, which occurs throughout life and in all places and situations. From this perspective, the prison, as an institution, is understood as a space of society that has an educational role for everyone who lives and works there. We took as a sample for this study, the criminal police officers who work in a prison unit located in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The general objective of this study is delimited: to understand the educational function of criminal police officers and unfolds into specific objectives: to map and analyze studies published between 2013 and 2023 on the work, career and duties of criminal police officers and to analyze legal regulations and daily practices in the researched unit. This is a qualitative study that uses bibliographic research, document analysis, questionnaire, conversation circles and field diary as methodological procedures. The bibliographical research offered us a field of knowledge that allowed us to build and substantiate the relevance of this study and how we could move forward: we chose, based on this theoretical foundation, to focus on women as criminal police officers: What is the educational role of criminal police officers in the prison institution? Documentary research allowed us to analyze how the Criminal Police emerged and their responsibilities at the federal and state (Minas Gerais) levels, as well as some adjustments caused by the covid-19 pandemic, in the years 2021 and 2022. As empirical data collection resources, the questionnaire as a way of approaching and characterizing the collaborators and the conversation circles that allowed us to discuss the perception of the criminal police officers about their work and role in the prison institution. In the field diaries we recorded the journey of reflections and concerns. From the organization and analysis of data, anchored in the content analysis proposed by Franco (2018), two focuses of analysis emerged: Attributions of criminal police officers and their obstacles and Meanings changed, others expanded. For analysis purposes, we established the 1st focus axes - Duties of criminal police officers and their obstacles: The big challenge within the unit is working with the teams, with the girls...; There's a little bit of almost everything missing in prison and there's no shortage of silence! In the 2nd focus - Meanings have changed, others have expanded, the axes of analysis are: The meaning that criminal police officers attribute to their relationships with people deprived of liberty and with prison; Dialogue as a working tool for criminal police officers in prison and The educational process of humanization. The results of the study show that the duties of criminal police officers, despite the workload and other obstacles they face, do not consist of simply monitoring people deprived of liberty and ensuring security in the prison institution. Some paths were announced with the expansion of our understanding built in the doctorate course, in experiences with crossing partners and in dialogue with our knowledge from our experience as a criminal police officer: lifelong education in all spaces, the transversality of actions as a powerful indication to modify this institution that insists on working backwards and hope leads us to defend the thesis: criminal police officers have relevant social value and contribute with their knowledge, anchored in dialogue and humanization, to the creation of a quality public service for people deprived of liberty and for society.
Obtenção de uma quitinase mutante recombinante e avaliação da sua interferência no crescimento do fungo R. stolonifer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-22) Volpe, Larissa Verri; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8479-6744; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4568403222188223; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8018-9688
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and its structure is formed by N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine units linked through β-1,4- glycosidic bonds. Different organisms have chitin such as crustaceans, insects and fungi. The enzymes that hydrolyze chitin, called chitinases, belong to the class of glycosyl hydrolases and are produced by several organisms. Biotechnological applications of chitinases include biocontrol of fungi and insects. The objective of this work was to obtain a recombinant chitinase from the leaf-cutter ant Atta sexdens (AsChtII-C4B1-1) and evaluate its interference with the growth of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. AsChtII-C4B1-1 shows 99.8% identity with the AsChtII-C4B1 enzyme and can therefore be considered isoforms. Both enzymes present a catalytic domain for chitinase in a chitin-binding domain (CBM). AsChtII-C4B1-1 shows greater activity at pH 6.0 and 600C. Against the colloidal chitin substrate, the AsChtII-C4B1 enzyme shows greater activity, requiring 15.8% less AsChtII-C4B1 to release 1µmol of N-Ac than AsChtII-C4B1-1. The two enzymes were able to interfere with the growth of R. stolonifer, an important fungus in agriculture. AsChtII-C4B1 and AsChtII-C4B1-1 reduced 57% and 53% growth, respectively. The 3D Model of the AsChtII-C4B1-1 enzyme suggests that the sequential differences between the enzymes may be related to the different optimal pH and temperature values found and also to the difference in biological activity.