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Saúde mental e uso das redes sociais digitais: a perspectiva de adolescentes mulheres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Bienzobás, Sara Malvez; Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/85950433315867424; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-0670; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6388823191017094; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-0667
The insertion and expansion of the internet and digital social networks have permeated the daily lives of the adolescent population, directly impacting their activities and social relationships. Although the literature points to the existence of a relationship between technological modernity and the mental health of this population, the debate is still incipient and has gaps, since the focus of the discussion on adolescents in the virtual world is concentrated on adult agents from the school and family environment, disregarding the more active and direct role of adolescents themselves in the production of knowledge about them. It is also possible to identify, in some studies in the area, implications derived from the COVID-19 pandemic and signs that the female gender has been more vulnerable to the negative influences and impacts that the virtual universe presents. However, more studies that can delve deeper into this issue, especially with adolescents themselves, are necessary in order to contribute to a greater understanding of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to identify the perspective of female adolescents, students at a public school, on how they use digital social networks and the relationship between this use and their mental health. The methodology used was qualitative and exploratory. The participant group was made up of 10 self-declared female adolescents, high school students from a public school in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data was collected at the participants' school in two stages: I) a semi-structured interview, conducted individually, and II) a focus group with all the participants. The data from both was recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the thematic content analysis technique, which gave rise to three thematic categories: I- Connected: the burdens and bonuses of a serious relationship with the cell phone; II- To post or not to post: that is the comparison. Between sharing and caution; III- Networks of care, love and protection: far beyond online. In general, the results show that, from the perspective of the adolescent participants, although there are benefits to using the internet and social networks, such as access to information, entertainment and social interactions, their use of digital social networks is excessive, and these networks reinforce unrealistic standards of beauty and behavior, dictated and reinforced by society, which alter the adolescents' sense of self-esteem, performance and safety. It is also noteworthy that recognizing the risks and harm involved does not seem to be enough to mitigate the consequences of adolescent girls' use, insofar as they consider cell phones to be part of their lives and browsing social networks to be the main activity in their free time. It was also possible to verify the lack of support networks and safe spaces for dialog on this topic. This study brings elements that broaden the understanding of the relationship between the use of digital social networks, gender and mental health in different adolescences, from the perspective of the adolescents themselves. It is believed that these elements can be taken into account when planning care and health promotion actions that are more contextualized and meaningful for this population.
Ecos das vozes do Sul na escola pública: formação crítica e decolonial de uma professora de inglês de alunos do MST
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Redondo, Diego Moreno; Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-3510; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7227840720947063; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-5422
Coloniality, resulting from colonialism, assumes a management and control stance in different areas of society, including schools. Studies reveal that exclusion is a phenomenon caused by society through mechanisms that make students feel excluded and believe that they are in a subordinate position (Leffa, 2007; 2011). Therefore, when it comes to the school institution, faced with knowledge that accentuates coloniality, what would be the possibilities to overcome it? Quijano (1992) proposes some alternatives: freeing oneself from hegemonic knowledge, producing an episteme from the local context; propose decolonial practices that consider the marginalized, that is, the author suggests decoloniality as a proposal to combat coloniality. Given these alternatives, we carried out collaborative action research in order to offer critical-reflective training for the English teacher who teaches MST students at a municipal public elementary school (final years) in the interior of São Paulo. The objective was to hold meetings at HTPC for pedagogical improvement carried out in reflective sessions that addressed classroom dilemmas, aiming at an inclusive and decolonial practice, contemplating the “Voices of the South”, that is, students who are on the margins in English classes for showing behavior of not belonging to the group of foreign language learners for feeling in a position of inferiority and inequality arising from the exclusion mechanisms caused by society. As it is a collaborative action research, the study was organized into three stages: 1- pre-intervention observation; 2- intervention; 3- pos-intervention observation. Observations of PC classes brought us input for discussions in reflective sessions; the intervention was carried out in critical-reflective training with the collaborating teacher and with the interdisciplinary project with the students. Post-intervention observation revealed the impacts of working with research participants. Critical reflective training was carried out as a strategy for professional improvement based on the educational perspective of critical literacy, with the objective of developing a decolonial stance. The research confirmed hypotheses that there are different factors that contribute to colonial teaching, such as, for example, the teacher’s practice, teaching material, the school environment, curricular parameters, among others. Therefore, the research results revealed that there was a deconstruction of hegemonic and colonial discourses in the school environment. Furthermore, there was a significant transformation in teaching practice, aiming at a liberating, dialogical and decolonial education. A considerable change in the behavior of participating students was also observed, as they showed interest and a desire to be part of a group of foreign language learners, which did not happen before the intervention. In this way, the research achieved its objectives, using critical-reflective training as a strategy for the benefit of a decolonial education.
Fragilidade e fatores associados à polifarmácia em pessoas idosas residentes em contextos de vulnerabilidade social: um estudo de método misto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Oliveira, Claudete de; Zazzetta, Marisa Silvana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350656835896699; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6544-767X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9792669900889947; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-5371
In the aging process, there is a continuous decline of morphophysiological systems, which promotes changes in homeostatic balance, especially in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in the aging body. Many elderly people use five or more drugs, constituting polypharmacy. Judicious prescription prevents drug interaction, adverse reactions, iatrogenic cascade and use of potentially inappropriate drugs for the elderly. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and frailty, cognition and depression with the use of polypharmacy and sequentially analyze perceptions about the use of the prescribed medication and identify potentially inappropriate drugs, drug interactions and concomitant self-medication, in elderly people living in regions of social vulnerability. This was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study using a mixed method. For the development of the quantitative study, an existing database was used, with 238 elderly, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The database used was derived from the following instruments: sociodemographic interview, Fried Frailty Scale, Mini-mental State Examination and Geriatric Depression Scale. All ethical procedures for research with human beings were observed. For the analysis of quantitative data, descriptive statistics were used, and the Shapiro-Wilks tests with p-value <0.05, the TStudent and Wald’s Chi-Square. For multivariate logistic regression, the Forward model was used, plus the Odds Ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval. For the qualitative data, Bardin’s content analysis was used and the interpretation was based on historical and dialectical materialism. The mean age of the participants with polypharmacy was 72.5 years. Drug consumption is higher among women (OR: 1.868 - 95%CI 1.052 - 3.316). The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy was significant (p-value <0.001), pre-frail (OR: 5.626 - 95%CI 2.038 - 15.531), fragile (OR: 12.083 - 95%CI 3.912 - 37.319), being higher among women. Polypharmacy predisposes to the consumption of potentially inappropriate drugs for the elderly and drug interaction. It was identified that the elderly person, manages self-care and care (a) partner (a) in the family, there is a high consumption of medicines and polypharmacy. It is concluded that pre-fragile and fragile women are more likely to use polypharmacy, which in combination with the progressive physiological decline, advancing age, chronicity of diseases, compromises the multimorbidity situation, and potentiates negative outcomes and health problems of the elderly.
Geoespacialização da favorabilidade climática à ocorrência de giberela e brusone do trigo no Cerrado brasileiro.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Doracenzi, Eduardo Lopes; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7125826645310758; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-9451; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-0268; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5781564617081942; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-0981
Wheat is a cereal of great importance in human nutrition and plays a crucial role in global food security, representing 30% of world grain production. Cultivated extensively around the world, it is the second most consumed food and provides a significant source of calories, protein and essential nutrients for millions of people. World wheat production is economically and socially relevant, with a cultivated area that exceeds 222 million hectares and a total production of 789.5 million tons of grains in the 2022/23 harvest. In Brazil, the 14th largest producer, wheat is cultivated mainly in the South, Southeast and Center-West regions, covering more than 90% of the cultivated area and national production. In recent years, the country has recorded record increases in production, driven by high domestic demand, expanding the wheat agricultural frontier to the Brazilian Cerrado regions, mainly in the states of Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais. Despite the favorable soil and climate conditions of the Cerrado, the favorable climate and different growing regions in the country can also provide favorable conditions for the development of diseases, such as Fusarium head blight (Gibberella zeae) and blast (Pyricularia oryzae), which can compromise quality and crop productivity. In this context, the mapping and spatialization of climatic conditions and the assessment of the favorability for the occurrence of these diseases can be fundamental to improving the understanding of the dynamics between pathogens and local edaphoclimatic characteristics, helping to make decisions about effective management strategies. The objective of this study was to analyze the distribution of climatic favorability for the occurrence of Fusarium head blight and wheat blast in the Cerrado, in addition to understanding the effect of the dynamics of different planting times in these conditions. The results obtained offer a comprehensive view of the geographic and temporal dynamics of favorable conditions for diseases. It was observed that most Cerrado areas present favorable conditions for the development of Fusarium head blight and wheat blast and the planting time has an influence on the infection period during which the diseases develop. The critical periods of favor for the occurrence of FHB will be in the months of July, August and September; It is recommended to plant an early cycle in March or a late cycle in May to reduce the likelihood of the disease occurring. Plantings carried out in March, April and May present the months of August and September with higher rates of climate favorability for blast infections. The spatialization of climate favorability classes for the occurrence of diseases is an important strategy for planning, making assertive decisions in integrated management and improving both productivity and production quality.
Efeito do extrato de Dichrostachys glomerata (forssk.) Chiov. no peso corporal e em marcadores cardiometabólicos em mulheres na pós-menopausa: ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo cego
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Castro, Vanessa de Souza; Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-9536; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7450080414424104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-262X
Menopause is a physiological event in middle-aged women that marks the end of their reproductive years, defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation, considering a minimum of twelve months of amenorrhea. This period is marked by hormonal changes that, in addition to affecting the quality of life, are related to cardiovascular, skeletal, changes in the lipid metabolism of adipose tissue, and body composition. Therefore, there is an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemias, and a greater likelihood of meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. The effects of hormone replacement therapy on women's health in the post-menopausal period are still highly controversial and indicate an increased risk for breast cancer. Various herbal products have been studied and used to treat metabolic disorders and control symptoms present in menopause. Thus, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of treatment with Dichrostachys glomerata on body weight and cardiometabolic markers in post-menopausal women. This is a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial conducted in a clinic in the east zone of São Paulo-SP, from May to September 2022. Women between 45 and 65 years of age, post-menopausal, with BMI > 24.9kg/m² were included. Participants were divided into two groups: the group treated with the herbal product (n=12) received, orally, 2 capsules/day containing 200 mg of Dichrostachys glomerata extract at 10% polyphenols each, and the placebo group (n=13) received, orally, 2 capsules/day containing 200 mg of starch each. There were 12 weeks of intervention, with three evaluation moments (week 0, week 6, and week 12) where questionnaires were applied to characterize epidemiological information, dietary intake (24-hour recall), and climacteric symptoms (Kupperman index); anthropometric parameters (weight, height, and abdominal circumference), blood pressure, and biochemical tests were evaluated. The Generalized Estimating Equations test was used to evaluate the effect of groups, time, and interaction. No intervention effect was found on anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and biochemical markers. Time demonstrated a significant improvement in climacteric symptomatology in the placebo group. We conclude that the administration of 400mg daily of Dichrostachys glomerata may not be superior to placebo in reducing body weight and improving cardiometabolic markers in post-menopausal women with overweight.
Introspecção do desenvolvimento pessoal no contexto de uma trajetória acadêmica na medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Costa, Luciano Quint Alves da; Castro, Renata Sayuri Ansai Pereira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5853382097172242
The following work, in accordance with requirements, has the intrinsic objective of instigating a reflection on the trajectory taken in professional training in a unique way for each graduating student. This is possible because, despite common elements among the students, each path taken was unique. Thus, from the perspective of a reflection centered on each moment and stage of the journey in medicine at UFSCar, the aspects that made up the moments experienced by the author throughout his academic journey will be visited in an introspective way, not just from the point of view of describing events, but from a personal level. With temporal divisions between the periods grouped together given the similar characteristics they share, the text will go through 4 large sections until concluding with final considerations of the moment before the end of the degree.
Análise de um movimento local de empreendedorismo por meio da abordagem dos campos de ação estratégica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Mazini, Sergio Ricardo; Assis, Karina Gomes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4058077286734344; Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0194644249955417; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-6577; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2510196286077235; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-1724
The changes and transformations of capitalism over the years, such as financialization and platform capitalism, form a backdrop that contributes to a reflection of the changes that have occurred in relation to the entrepreneurial theme. In this context, the emergence of new ways of thinking and carrying out entrepreneurial practice was identified, such as through business models associated with the term startups. This thesis proposes to analyze the mobilization process in a local entrepreneurship movement called Voti Valley, located in the city of Araçatuba in the state of São Paulo, using the perspective of Economic Sociology and the Strategic Action Fields approach. This analysis allows us to investigate the relations of forces that exist in the structuring of a new field, as well as the resources and interactions that are moved in this process. The method used was a case study with a qualitative approach, and data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The study made it possible to understand the dynamics of the fields that form the Voti Valley and the interests and power struggles between the participating actors and allowed the understanding of the local reality through a sociological perspective. It was concluded that the movement that is the focus of the study presents itself as an emerging field that concentrates on a single dominant actor the responsibility for determining the guidelines that are being practiced, with the governance rules still in the process of construction and validation. There was also a need for better alignment between all fields and actors involved so that the evolution and maturation of the movement can occur, even knowing that a field will never be harmonious according to the Theory of Fields of Strategic Action.
Análise longitudinal de processos de resiliência em jovens expostos a fatores de risco na infância e adolescência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-02-26) Souza, Neli de Faria Henriques Cacozza de; Coimbra, Renata Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0332202889630507; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-7260; Pessoa, Alex Sandro Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4333565964821090; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-8575; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2423524467676956; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-4149
The knowledge on resilience processes with children, adolescents, and young people in situations of social vulnerability has grown considerably around the world. However, the investigations focus, mostly, on correlational studies based on a cross-sectional design. Longitudinal research is scarce, which means that understanding the resilience processes that manifest in the transition between developmental cycles is still underexploited. The aim of this Dissertation was to analyze, through longitudinal research, the processes of resilience in young adults who were exposed to meaningful risk and vulnerability situations during childhood and adolescence. To this end, systematic literature review studies were carried out, as well as an empirical investigation. Summary, narrative reviews of the literature pointed to an increase in publication from 2015, although these papers were predominantly conducted in the United States and European countries. Data collection period varied considerably, which is associated with conceptual inaccuracies in what can be considered a longitudinal study. Furthermore, the use of questionnaires is most common in this type of research, followed by interviews and scales. In addition, another review study revealed that interpersonal relationships, engagement in formal education, subjective aspects associated with resilience, life projects and turning points are the variables most investigated and identified as promoting resilience in adolescents and young people in vulnerable situations. The empirical investigation that is part of this Dissertation refers to a qualitative study, with a longitudinal-retrospective design and conducted from a Multiple Case Study. Four young people participated in the fieldwork, aged between 25-29 years old (M = 26.75), being three women and one man. These participants were initially recruited in 2010, when they were adolescents. Inclusion criteria were: (i) being exposed to significant adversity; (ii) demonstrate resilience processes based on the evaluation of professionals who served them. Both in adolescence and adulthood, participants were involved in several stages of data collection, which culminated in an extensive qualitative database, subsequently analyzed through Thematic Analysis technique. The findings of the empirical study showed that participants were exposed to several risk factors that lasted longitudinally, from childhood to adulthood, although there were some changes in these variables. On the other hand, the participants' resilience processes were associated with the resolution of Tensions, defined as social problems that, when faced, may foster resilience processes. Some Tensions seem to have been faced since adolescence, while others were only resolved when the participants were adults. Furthermore, a new Tension was identified in this Dissertation - Ability to nurture life projects - which requires additional investigations in the future to be confirmed, refuted, or reformulated it. It is expected that this research report may contribute to the advancement of the debate on longitudinal research on resilience processes, as well as contribute to understanding the needs of adolescents and young people who experience chronic social adversities.