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Síntese de nanopartículas por métodos microfluídicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-11)
Gomes, Nícolas Moreira de Carvalho
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Cordeiro, Marco Aurélio Liutheviciene
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787678071396324
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-3083
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4699827186889924
Obtaining micro and nanoparticles with high structural and chemical control is in great demand given the continuous need to increase the performance of a series of processes and devices. The most common processes for synthesizing nanostructures consist of bottom-up processes, especially for the synthesis of silicon dioxide (SiO2), which are among the metal oxides applied in biomedical areas. Such methods make it possible to obtain particles with monodispersed and particles with nanometric dimensions. To achieve this, the synthesis of nanoparticles must be well controlled with well-defined parameters so that the properties of the final material are not affected. One approach to increasing efficiency in obtaining particles is continuous flow synthesis, and a tool for this is the use of microfluidics, however, related research is still not properly appreciated by the materials development community, representing an area that must still be properly explored, so that synthesis protocols are well established. This work aims to investigate the production of nanostructured particles of metal oxides, especially SiO2, from a microfluidics device, correlating the experimental parameters and characteristics of the device. Initially, the microreactor was obtained using a do-it-yourself (DIY) approach using more accessible materials than the traditional methodology, with the architecture designed in CAD. Subsequently, the influence of the concentration of precursors, from the same stock solutions, and the increase in the flow of reagents inserted into the microfluidics system was investigated. Finally, it was possible to observe particles with an average size between 78 and 118 nm and with low dispersion, much smaller than when obtained by the traditional batch method.
Estudos do reaproveitamento térmico do bagaço de laranja: secagem em leito de jorro modificado e peletização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-11)
Pinto, Guilherme Henrique Alves
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-6801
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Freire, Fábio Bentes
The use of biomass as an alternative source of renewable energy has been gaining ground and leading to innovations in the production sector, seeking to support sustainable development and dispose of waste that was previously discarded. Brazil stands out as one of the world's leading producers of oranges, being the largest exporter of juice. Orange pomace, an abundant by-product with largely untapped potential as a biofuel, requires technical improvements to render its use viable. The present work aimed to evaluate the drying of orange pomace in a spouted bed to obtain dry biomass for pelletization. This evaluation involved studying the influence of a CaO mixture combined with pressing as pre-treatment, assessing the fluid dynamics in both the conventional spouted bed (LJC) and the spouted bed with mechanical agitation (LJMM) equipped with inclined blades, with variations in the bed's static height. Drying experiments were conducted in the LJMM, altering air temperature from 40 to 80 °C and air flow from 1 to 5 times the minimum spout velocity. These variations were analyzed for their impact on drying time and the quality of the resulting pellets. The obtained dry biomass underwent pelletization using three distinct strategies to enhance its physical and mechanical properties: particle size reduction, inclusion of binders, and torrefaction. The pellets were subjected to characterization tests measuring durability, impact resistance, density, water absorption, as well as aging properties such as changes in color, density, and humidity over time. The addition of quicklime with pressing removed 31.7% of the initial moisture from the bagasse, facilitating some movement in the LJC. However, the process faced instability due to biomass cohesion. Mechanical agitation proved essential in enhancing operational stability by agitating the entire bed, increasing stability, and eliminating fines carryover, up to 11.65% for LJC, allowing for a bed height of 27 cm, higher than the maximum 21.1 cm for LJC. Fluid dynamics analysis for the LJMM indicated an increase in pressure drop with rising bed height, while this correlation was absent for the minimum operating speed. This suggested that agitation primarily facilitated particle motion and air movement expanded the bed. The LJMM's operating air velocity was measured at 1.10±0.14 m/s, significantly lower (90%) compared to the minimum spout velocity required for a 21.12 cm height (11.11 m/s). During biomass drying, saturation of moisture in the gas stream at the LJMM exit highlighted efficient energy utilization, signifying an adequate airflow supplied to the system. Temperature and drying air flow showed no significant influence on pellet properties. Pellets produced from dried bagasse failed to attain desired physical and mechanical properties, necessitating particle size reduction to eliminate predetermined fragility points due to coarse particles. Strategies involving the addition of solid carbohydrates and mixing with coffee grounds altered pellet mechanical properties but fell short of achieving desirable values. Torrefaction imparted some hydrophobicity to the biomass, ensuring adequate water absorption, albeit resulting in fragile pellets. The addition of molasses enhanced pellet density and strength, but pellets expanded during a 30-day storage period. However, the addition of pure water or gelatinized starch produced resilient pellets, exhibiting high durability and impact resistance, maintaining structural integrity even after storage. These pellets also met the density threshold of 1200 kg/m³ with minimal color variation. These outcomes underscored the significance of moisture as a binding agent, allowing for the integration of drying and pelletization, ensuring an economically and operationally viable process.
Planificação de superfícies poliédricas no cálculo de distâncias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-11)
Rosa, Marcus Vinícius Fontes de Aquino
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Massago, Sadao
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1915704875970931
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8153087447730131
This work proposes the calculation of the length of the shortest possible trajectory connecting two points on the surface of a straight rectangular parallelepiped. One of the points belongs to a face and the other belongs to another face, adjacent to the first. The initial step of the solution is to identify the minimum trajectory, that is, to know exactly where it passes, and the other is to obtain its measurement. To identify the trajectory, a plan is carried out, so that the two adjacent faces are contained in the same plane. As a resource for calculating the length of this trajectory, this work suggests the Pythagorean Theorem or the Similarity of Triangles as a tool. A mathematical modeling of this problem will be proposed by calculating the shortest length of a conduit running from a lamp on a room's ceiling to the lamp switch on one of the room's walls. The concepts of Plane and Spatial Geometries accessed in the consideration and resolution of the problem are considered and presented, which serves as motivation for teaching and learning such concepts. Other similar situations will be suggested, such as, for example, the measurement of a minimum trajectory traveled on the lateral surface of a straight cylinder.
Análise de agrupamentos para dados espectrais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-11)
Silva, João Pedro Alvarenga Ramos da
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Souza, Camila Pedroso Estevam de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7665731855194346
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Andrade Filho, Mario de Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6518161034709249
Spectroscopy is the study that uses techniques to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and radiofrequency, where we search for information such as chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance, luminosity, and relative motion using displacement measurements. In the case of Raman spectroscopy, we use a light diffusion process to obtain additional information about vibrations that increase the understanding of the fundamental molecular structure. These methodologies provide a diversity of data, which will be modeled and analyzed using statistical and machine learning techniques. The spectroscopy data show high dimensionality and a strong presence of outliers that cause difficulties in clustering due to false positives in discovering new clusters. For the study, a review of the literature on methods for grouping spectroscopy data that do not vary with time will be made. Thus, comparing models with the existing ones, and applying it to real data and simulated data.
Qualidade de vida, autoeficácia e autoestima de gestantes de baixo risco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-11)
Mazziero, Patricia Fernanda Evaristo
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Salim, Natália Rejane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1116654985699024
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-8274
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
Pregnancy is a period of intense changes for women, both in their body and in their lives, involving significant physical and hormonal changes. Even in low-risk pregnancies, changes are observed that can impact the quality of life of pregnant women and affect their health and that of the newborn. The way pregnant women experience these changes has repercussions on the formation of their maternity and on their relationship with their child. The self-esteem of the pregnant woman is pointed out in the literature as one of the important factors for bonding with the child, self-efficacy can favor the development of skills and contribute to coping with the alterations. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of low-risk pregnant women and associations with self-efficacy and self-esteem. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. It was developed in the city of Mococa-SP, in the primary care services of the municipal health network. The sample consisted of 135 pregnant women at different gestational stages. Pregnant women over 18 years of age and involved in active prenatal care were included. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of UFSCar. All ethical principles established in CONEP Resolution No. 510 of April 7, 2016 were followed. The collection period was from July to October 2023. Results: Pregnant women had high levels of general quality of life and satisfaction with health, high levels of self-efficacy and unsatisfactory self-esteem occurred in a high percentage (81%). There was an association with quality of life and self-efficacy (p<0.005) and with sociodemographic and clinical data (p<0.05) in the physical, social relationship and environment domains. There was no association between self-esteem and self-efficacy (p=0.40). Conclusion: Pregnant women in general had adequate levels of quality of life and were satisfied with their health. They also had high self-efficacy, but decreased self-esteem. There are sociodemographic and clinical factors such as being black, having previous abortions, previous vaginal births, previous pregnancies, and having several people living in the house that were associated with certain domains for worse quality of life. The present study may contribute to clinical practice, since it points to the possibility of care focused on the specific needs of this population that go beyond the physical scope. It is suggested that new studies on quality of life, self-efficacy and self-esteem in pregnant women should be carried out, given the scarcity of studies that investigated these variables together and given the relevance of a greater understanding of the factors that influence them, which may favor the production of more robust data and contribute to the quality of care for pregnant women.
Modelos para a estimativa de propriedades elásticas em materiais compósitos sanduíche de núcleo honeycomb submetidos à flexão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-12)
Arroyo, Felipe Nascimento
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Pereira Junior, Wanderlei Malaquias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2268506213083114
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-3666
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Christoforo, André Luis
Due to their good mechanical performance combined with a low specific weight, sandwich composite materials have been applied in various situations, especially those with a discontinuous honeycomb core geometry, which has motivated the development of research into new materials, which naturally involves the manufacturing route and subsequent characterization. Na flexão, o conhecimento do módulo de elasticidade e da rigidez à flexão do compósito são de fundamental importância para o projeto estrutural, propriedades essas que podem ser determinadas experimentalmente ou estimadas por meio de modelos matemáticos. In the estimation of elastic properties, the ASTM D7250 (2020) standard, for reasons of design safety, disregards the core's influence in the estimation (transformed section method) of bending stiffness. With the aid of structural modeling using the finite element method and statistical analysis, the main objective of this research is to propose equations for estimating the modulus of elasticity and bending stiffness of honeycomb sandwich composites, as well as estimating bending stresses (tension and compression) under service conditions (small displacements - service limit state). After validating the modeling and parametric study (1944 simulations at three and four points, obtaining 972 different results), it was possible to develop new equations with provisions (i.e., R² greater than 0% and, in some cases, greater than 70%) better than the existing equations in the literature (i.e., R² equal to 0%).
Território, Paisagem e Fragmento: análise multiescalar das dinâmicas de supressão regular e irregular de vegetação nativa no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-12)
Gavioli, Felipe Rosafa
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Molin, Paulo Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6986957391734201
Combating illegal deforestation is a priority for society and governments, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and conserve biodiversity. Command and control actions take place in a complex manner and are carried out by environmental licensing entities within an institutional arrangement that encompasses a broad legislative apparatus for the protection of native vegetation remnants. One of the aspects of this protective apparatus is the rule established for the regular suppression of vegetation, which, however, is little studied. Knowing the characteristics of the legal suppression of native vegetation can help identify problems and propose improvements in the fiscalization and licensing ecosystem. The present study is part of this context and evaluated the dynamics of regular and irregular suppression in the state of São Paulo between 2009 and 2020, using a multi-scale approach. First, we analyze the processes of regular suppression, fiscalized irregular suppression, unfiscalized irregular suppression and regeneration of native vegetation in the territory of São Paulo, considering a municipal scale, and exploring the factors that induce these processes, using geographic data processing and multiple linear regressions. We found that legal suppression of native vegetation in the state corresponded to only 1.31% of the total suppressed between 2009 and 2020, and fiscalized suppression accounted for 11.14% of the total, meaning that 87.55% of the area of suppressed native vegetation is illegal and not fiscalized. The predominant dynamic in the state is the net regeneration of native vegetation, with 229 thousand hectares regenerated during the study period. The Cerrado presented a more worrying situation of illegal suppression, which reached around 3% of the biome's area in the state during the period studied. Regular suppression is linked to the urban-industrial development of municipalities, while unfiscalized irregular suppression is linked to the availability of road access, gentle slopes and warmer locations. The irregular suppression monitored was related to the percentage of native vegetation coverage in the municipalities and the extension of the municipalities. Then, the study focused on the regular suppressions through Authorizations for the Suppression of Native Vegetation (ASVs), analyzing the insertion of those ASVs in a landscape, considered as a radius buffer surrounding the coordinate point of the ASV. Geospatial and statistical analyzes were carried out on a landscape scale. The regular suppression of native vegetation in São Paulo is marked by small areas, of vegetation in pioneer and initial stages of regeneration, and for urban, agricultural and public works purposes. From a geographical point of view, regular suppression is concentrated in the São Paulo macro-metropolis region. Was identified an important relationship between landscape attributes and the regeneration stage of the ASV vegetation, with earlier stages occurring in more anthropic landscapes, better served by road access and with lower slopes. Based on the results obtained, improvements are suggested in government actions to combat illegal deforestation, as well as point out proposals for future studies. The results obtained can help in understanding the drivers of native vegetation suppression in the state, which contributes to the constant improvement of public forest management, management and conservation policies.
Escola e escolares: a pandemia da Covid-19 pela perspectiva de educadoras e educadores da rede pública de Rio Claro – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-12)
Morais, Nattany Ribeiro de
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-3893
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0093134134165417
The COVID-19 pandemic has had extensive impacts on various spheres of society, including health, economy, education and daily routines. The education sector, in turn, faced significant challenges during the pandemic period, such as the total suspension of classes, the distancing of the population from the school environment for a long period, the lack of articulation from the Ministry of Education, the differences regional areas and scarce material and human resources, especially in the public sphere. Some studies indicated that during the period of social isolation, schoolchildren had impacts on their mental health, such as fear of contamination, frustration and irritability. Other dimensions verified, among the impacts generated by social isolation, included domestic violence, parents' difficulty in supervising their children and worsening social vulnerability. Teachers, who were already facing devaluing speeches on a daily basis, were also impacted in their personal and professional lives, and were thrown into a narrative that called on them to make profound changes in the way of being, thinking and conducting their teaching practices. National studies, although understandably carried out, for the most part, through devices connected to the internet, focused on aspects related to the possible impacts generated by the pandemic, with students as the main focus and, considering in particular, the period of greater social isolation. The results indicated the vulnerability to which both students and teachers would be exposed and highlighted the importance of continuing and deepening investigations throughout the pandemic context. The present study aimed to understand the socio-emotional conditions of public elementary school students and teachers throughout the pandemic, from the perspective of educators in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which involved the participation of sixteen elementary school teachers from the public school system in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo. To collect data, a semi-structured interview guide was used that covered everything from different moments of the pandemic that had implications on the school routine to the resumption of in-person teaching. The interviews completed by the participants were transcribed and analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. From the teachers' perspective, the results revealed the impacts of the pandemic on the daily lives of students and their families throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the increase in some vulnerabilities such as, for example, unemployment, loss of loved ones dear greater exposure of children to situations of domestic violence, and also, losses in learning, delays in socio-emotional development, among others, were observed. The relevance of the place and the role of teachers and school in the lives of students was revealed beyond the aspects already widely known, with emphasis on the teachers' acute sensitivity and recognition of the students' reality; relationships of affection, care and attention; sharing and different demands entrusted by students and/or family members to teachers, among others. In relation to the teachers themselves and their experiences and challenges throughout the pandemic, the study revealed that the abrupt break in contact impacted the mental health of the interviewees by requiring them to adapt to new technologies and increasing work overload, resulting from the preparation of materials, and the requirement of support for students and families. Furthermore, teachers were the target of criticism, demands and, at times, unfairly blamed. The profound impact of the pandemic on the experiences of students and educators, emphasizing the protective role of the school, was highlighted. The need for support, training and effective strategies to deal with the complexities imposed by the pandemic in the educational context is discussed. The gap in listening to teachers was highlighted, highlighting the importance of listening to them in person at such a delicate time.
Nanofibras de poli(álcool vinílico) e zeína incorporadas com micronutriente para revestimento de sementes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-13)
Natarelli, Caio Vinicius Lima
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Oliveira, Juliano Elvis de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4990968421738051
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-8308
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Marconcini, José Manoel
The development of seed coatings with a controlled release of micronutrients is extremely important for sustainable and precision agriculture. However, the selection of suitable materials for this purpose represents a challenge, given the complexity in processing immiscible or partially miscible polymers. Techniques for producing nanofibers, such as solution blow spinning, emerge as alternatives for the production of these materials. In this context, the present study aimed to produce nanofibers from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and zein, two immiscible polymers, and characterize them. In addition to producing nanofibers with incorporated zinc, a micronutrient, so that they act as a coating capable of releasing micronutrients during plant germination and growth. Nanofiber mats were obtained from polymeric solutions with different proportions of PVA and zein, obtaining materials with properties dependent on their formulation. The surface properties of the mats were significantly changed by increasing the zein content (> 37.5%), changing the surface hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. This increase also reduced the erosion capacity of the nanofibers, while fungal susceptibility was increased. However, the high porosity of the mats (> 80%) provided high permeability to water vapor. With encapsulation efficiency greater than 90%, nanofiber mats incorporated with zinc were produced with a two-step release profile, a rapid initial release followed by a slow release, associated with the zinc reservoir in the nanofibers. Due to their biodegradability, nanofibers were applied as a seed coating, which were subsequently subjected to germination testing. With this, it was confirmed that the released zinc was absorbed by the seedlings, acting as a fertilizer to aid plant growth. Therefore, it can be concluded that PVA and zein nanofibers are a promising material and can be used in several applications, including the proposed one.
A historicidade biológica da cor da pele dos seres humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-13)
Campos, Vitória Emanoely Castro
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Silva, Mariana Martha de Cerqueira Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6083262350667325
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-7271
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9714683481442492
Skin color is one of the most notable physical characteristics in individuals, and is often used to create stereotypes of inferiority, reinforcing prejudices and racism. According to the Demographic Census carried out by IBGE, in 2022, considering the race-color aspect, 45.30% of Brazilians declare themselves mixed race and 10.20% declare themselves black. The black population (the sum of browns and blacks) therefore represents 55.50% of Brazilians. Understanding the history and biology of different skin tones, as well as the ancient civilizations that preceded us, is of fundamental importance for breaking paradigms created based on certain phenotypes. Observing the absence of discussion of ethnic-racial relations in Biological Sciences disciplines, the present work aims to discuss the contributions of human evolution studies to the understanding of the biological historicity that explains the skin color of human beings. As a result, an informative booklet was produced on this topic, to scientifically disseminate the content to, mainly, young audiences. In order to collaborate with an anti-racist education perspective, the objective is that such knowledge becomes curricular content in Basic Education schools and Higher Education courses.
Os valores presentes na educação sexual do ensino de ciências das escolas paulistas: possibilidades a partir de uma ótica freireana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Castro, Rafael Borba de
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2005109500506193
The validity of what is worthy and natural to be taught and learned, in the family, at school and in the most diverse spaces through which most people go through life, has a history. Which will be told in this work, which seeks to understand how the teaching practice of Science Education teachers select or fail to select content about Sexual Education, denouncing how sexual violence and the practice of Closet Pedagogy, historically establishes the ground the school is a space reserved for the expression of the sexuality of a few. These few find in a false idea of belonging the right to monitor, punish and abstain from sexual violence. The naturalization of this violence is a reflection of a society that organizes itself with the purpose of subjugating social, political and sexual minorities in Brazil. Public policies aimed at the field of education corroborate the problems surrounding the theme of Sexual Education, such as the Curriculum Paulista, which presents itself as an impartial and neutral document, which ends up giving positive signs for the reproduction of this violence. In this way, we try to look at the relationship between the commodification of life, education and sexuality in relation to the advancement of capitalism. In this way, in a collective way, the participation of teachers, through semi-structured interviews, Critical Discourse Analysis, having as a guide the ideals of Paulo Freire and other Marxist thinkers, this discussion is constructed, aiming, after the denunciation displayed here , announce: is it possible to build an Emancipatory Sexual Education, which takes into account the existence of subjects beyond a Eurocentric framework?
Estimativa do módulo de elasticidade transversal para madeiras de espécies nativas via ensaios de flexão estática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Aguiar, Fabricio da Silva
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Lahr, Francisco Antonio Rocco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333091200416653
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-8498
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Christoforo, André Luis
Wood has been playing a key role in civil construction due to its structural and, especially, sustainable properties. The transverse elasticity modulus (G) is an important elastic property for the proper analysis and dimensioning of structural components. However, its determination for native wood species in Brazil lacks a standardized experimental test. Faced with this gap, this study addresses the estimation of the shear modulus (G) for tropical woods through static bending tests. For this purpose, the influence of deformations due to shear forces on the deflection of beam elements was investigated, as well as the comparison of using static bending tests at three and four points in estimating the longitudinal and transverse elasticity modulus. Six different native species were employed in the study: Pequiá (Caryocar villosum), Marupá (Simarouba amara), Cupiúba (Goupia glabra), Sapucaia (Lecythis spp.), Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis), and Roxinho (Peltogyne spp.), and the tests were conducted according to three standards (ABNT NBR 7190-3:2022, ISO/FDIS 13910:2014, and BS EN 408:2010). The results showed that for the ratio between span and cross-sectional height equal to or less than 18, deformations due to shearing significantly influence the calculation of the longitudinal elasticity modulus (E). Furthermore, the three-point static bending test proved more suitable for estimating G. The ratio between longitudinal and transverse elasticity modulus varied from G=E/5 to G=E/18, diverging from the Brazilian standard results.
Evolução da qualidade da água do Reservatório Guarapiranga (SP) pormeio de longa série temporal e histórico de mortandades de peixes na Bacia do Guarapiranga: a importância do monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Deus, Adriana Castilho Costa Ribeiro de
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Souza, Iara da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2726-3313
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
The threat to aquatic ecosystems is global and will only get worse with climate change. Continuous monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems is necessary. The use of indices is recommended for monitoring, as they summarize the technical complexity of the results of the variables and translate these results into quality classes. The Trophic State Index (TSI) and the Aquatic Life Protection Index (API) were applied to a long data series to monitor the Guarapiranga Reservoir, an urban reservoir in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, which suffers from urban settlement in its surroundings and the discharge of domestic wastewater. The evaluation of the time series from 1978 to 2021 with these indices showed a deterioration in the trophic status and conservation of aquatic life in the reservoir and in one of the tributaries. The results showed that the two indices are suitable for application in a baseline network in subtropical environments. They are able to indicate locations for improved monitoring and are sensitive to environmental changes. The study conducted by CETESB of fish kill ocurrences in the Guarapiranga reservoir catchment in the metropolitan region of São Paulo from 1983 to 2021 showed both spatial and temporal changes in the quality of the catchment. During the period studied, 49 cases of fish kills were reported in the Guarapiranga catchment. The loss of aquatic ecosystem quality due to unplanned colonization was reflected in the high number of fish kills in the 1980s and 1990s. The Guarapiranga Reservoir, which receives water from the basin, also concentrated the result of this expansion of the basin's catchment area and over the years exhibited severe eutrophication, cyanobacteria blooms and the effects of algaecide application. The information obtained from the monitoring of fish mortality in the Guarapiranga basin has shown that this ecological indicator can provide important information on changes in water quality and the socio-ecological environment.
Financeirização e ascensão das plataformas: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Silva, Felipe Marques e
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Saltorato, Patrícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-2547
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2984841548009226
The financialization of the economy is a process observed since the last decades of the 20th century and has introduced the dynamics of financial markets where they did not exist before, altering the logic of supply chain management of organizations. These characteristics, combined with technological advancements, have contributed to the rise of companies such as Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Uber, which have created online structures that enable a wide range of human activities, promoting radical changes in how we work, socialize, create value in the economy, and compete for resulting profits. Understanding how these organizations function and the new dynamics brought about by financialization can have important implications for academia and society. Thus, the aim of this master's thesis was to explore the dynamics of financialization in the context of the emergence and rise of platform companies, focusing on implications for the organizational, economic, and social contexts. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and lexical analysis using the iramuteq software to characterize the literature that addressed the topics of financialization and platform companies. Additionally, we conducted a single case study to observe the financialization process of the Uber company. The systematic review and textual analysis of the abstracts of the documents that comprised the sample identified 4 classes with the main themes addressed in the literature: Shareholder Value and Data Capitalism; Platforms and Gentrification; Sharing Economy, Neoliberalism, and Labor on platforms; and Platforms and Power. In the case study on Uber, we explored indicators previously brought by other authors and new indicators characteristic of platforms: Comparison between sources of profitability; Ownership composition and share acquisitions; Mergers and acquisitions; Origin of executives; Executive compensation payments; Dividend payments to shareholders; Employee salaries; Employment; Influence of Venture Capital; and Tax structure. The results showed that Uber exhibits typical characteristics of what the literature presents about financialization; however, it also presents other important aspects that deviate from trends highlighted in previous research, such as patient investment from venture capitalists in the company. We also observed that the financialization structure adopted by the company seems to be the main aspect responsible for the social and economic imbalances and inequalities observed in its structure, distorting its discourse of integration into the sharing economy. We understand that the exploration of this phenomenon is essential for the fields of economic sociology, which may have in its references, methodologies, and approaches the tools capable of unraveling the specificities and nuances brought by platforms and their operation from financialization.
Estudos do uso de cistatinas visando a resistência à Diaphorina citri, inseto vetor da doença Huanglongbing (HLB), via CTV (Vírus da Tristeza dos Citros) na planta, e ensaios de interação patógeno-vetor com ênfase nas catepsinas B e L-like
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Rocha, Sâmara Vieira
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Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-1136
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1016267748434919
Brazilian citrus farming is one of the most important agricultural activities for the national economy, with Brazil being the world's leading producer of oranges and the largest exporter of concentrated and frozen citrus juice. Citrus groves, however, are constantly suffering from various phytosanitary problems, especially Huanglongbing (HLB), which has caused serious damage to citrus farming, since contaminated plants have smaller fruit, a higher degree of acidity, and a lower percentage of juice. The disease is mainly associated with the presence of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which colonizes the phloem vessels and is transmitted to citrus plants by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. In the absence of strategies to control the CLas bacterium, the emphasis has been on controlling D. citri. Therefore, this study aimed to use a vector based on the Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) to overexpress the cystatins CclemCPI-1 and CsinCPI-2, to inhibit target peptidases in the D. citri psyllid. In addition, studies were carried out to understand the localization and gene and protein expression of D. citri cysteine peptidases in the presence or absence of CLas bacteria. Feeding bioassays were carried out with the psyllids using an artificial diet containing the recombinant citrus cystatins and were tested at three stages of D. citri development: egg, nymph and adult, in order to investigate the result of protein interactions (cystatins-peptidases) at different stages of development, as well as in the presence or absence of the bacterium associated with HLB. As for the results obtained, in citrus plants infected with the CTV vector, systemic infection was verified and the presence of the CTV-cystatins construct was confirmed. In the biological tests carried out with the CTV-cystatin plants, D. citri insects were confined, but the plants overexpressing the cystatins were not effective in reducing the viability/quantity of D. citri eggs and nymphs, which requires further investigation and repetition of the test adopted in this work. However, the importance of the psyllid's target peptidases was confirmed, especially in the presence of the CLas bacterium, which indicates their participation in the insect's defense responses. However, the presence of the bacterium is supposed to be a limiting factor for the efficacy of the cystatins, where populations free of the bacterium show a greater population reduction concerning the effect of the inhibiting protein when compared to insects contaminated by the bacterium. As for the developmental stages evaluated, the nymphs proved to be more susceptible to cystatin-mediated inhibition, with this stage being more effective for controlling the insect when using the recombinant proteins compared to the adult stage. A test carried out during the hatching of D. citri eggs in an artificial medium containing the cystatin CsinCPI-2 proved promising since the cystatin present in the artificial diet was supposedly able to interfere with the emergence of first-stage nymphs by reducing the hatching of the insect's eggs by 53.8%. These results require further investigation. Nevertheless, the use of cystatins to control D. citri is still highly promising and it is hoped that soon they will effectively form part of the establishment of citrus crops resistant to the HLB vector, as an effective but sustainable management strategy.
Produção de atlas municipais no Brasil: estado do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Santana, Rodrigo Bozzola de Castro e
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4151
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0251474547341483
Maps have been fundamental throughout history for representing space, making the interpretation of locations more effective. Beyond simple static images, they are configured as tools capable of contextual reading. In the educational sphere, school atlases play a crucial role in the teaching of Geography, constituting valuable learning tools. Adopting the state of knowledge approach, a survey of publications on municipal school atlases in Brazil was conducted using the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog and the descriptors "atlas + escolares", resulting in 15 works after a careful filtering process. The analysis of the works demonstrated the breadth of themes addressed by researchers, ranging from teacher training to innovative proposals such as Digital Atlases and the interface between Geography and cinema. The convergence around the concept of place was observed in several studies, while others explored themes such as the evolution of basic education in Brazil and the positive impact of municipal electronic Atlases. The use of municipal atlases in schools stands out as a significant resource for teaching, highlighting its adaptability, innovation, and formative potential. However, there are challenges, such as the scarcity of regional materials and the need for effective integration into the curriculum, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between researchers and educators. Gaps in research were identified, such as the multidisciplinary approach to the use of atlases, the evaluation of the impact of their use on students, the exploration of emerging technologies such as augmented reality, and sustainable strategies for continuous use. This research contributes not only to the current understanding of works on municipal school atlases but also points to promising directions for improvement and investigation in the field of the study of municipal school atlases in education.
Padrões e processos espaço-temporais da diversidade taxonômica e funcional de peixes de recifes rochosos de duas ilhas costeiras em área marinha protegida, sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Carminatto, Amanda Aparecida
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Rotundo, Matheus Marcos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0635247128965679
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5320
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Petrere Junior, Miguel
In Brazil, most studies tend to focus on fish communities during the day and specific seasons. However, this approach overlooks temporal variations, such as the seasonal and diurnal cycles. Considering these variations is essential to understand the dynamics and adaptation of reef fish, especially in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Environmental conditions and ecological interactions have the potential to shape species distribution patterns. Ecomorphological attributes are often employed to assess the functional diversity of fish, with studies in this area if morphological variation leads to functional and performance differences resulting in resource usage disparities. Given the importance of comprehensively assessing the structure of rocky reef fish communities in MPAs exposed to seasonal and diurnal variations, this thesis aimed to explore spatial and temporal variations in fish communities, considering different aspects of taxonomic and functional diversity. Specifically, the study sought to (i) characterize the composition and similarity of fish fauna in the rocky reefs of Ilha Anchieta State Park (PEIA) and Ilha do Mar Virado (IMV) on the northern coast of SP, based on seasonal, diurnal, temperature, and depth variations; (ii) understand the spatial-temporal patterns and processes of fish richness and abundance on these islands across environmental gradients, assess whether the abundance distribution pattern remains the same for schooling and non-schooling species, and evaluate the effect of fishing restriction polygons for conservation and target species; (iii) characterize the reef fish occupation in different microhabitats of rocky reefs and investigate whether ecomorphological attributes explain this occupation. The study was conducted on two coastal islands in southeastern Brazil using images generated by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the seasonal cycle of 2022 and samplings during day and night. A total of 16,661 individuals belonging to 81 species, 2 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families were observed. Significant differences in species composition and abundance were found among islands, climatic seasons, diurnal periods, and depth levels. The study emphasizes the importance of nocturnal research, considering the influence of artificial light on fish behavior. Significant factors explaining total numerical abundance and abundance of schooling and non-schooling species included islands, diurnal period, climatic season, depth, temperature, and the interaction between islands and depth, with the addition of interaction between specific factors in each behavior. Factors significant for explaining richness were the diurnal period, interaction between islands, and the diurnal period and Michaelis-Menten model parameters. The composition and occurrence proportion of target fishing species were influenced by the island factor, while conservation target species occurred randomly, regardless of the island. Ecomorphological attributes explained approximately 35% of the variation in species abundance in microhabitats. The results highlight the importance of habitat diversity in generating distinct morphological and functional adaptations in reef fish. Additionally, they indicate that rocky reefs in MPAs offer opportunities for ecomorphological diversification, influencing the dynamics and composition of fish communities. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of reef fish communities, emphasizing the significance of environmental and anthropogenic factors in their structure and composition. These findings can guide conservation and management strategies to preserve marine biodiversity in protected areas.
Síntese de compostos contendo N-heterociclos de 5 membros e avaliação da atividade biológica frente a NS3 Helicase do vírus Zika
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Vidal, Hérika Danielle Almeida
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-2228
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3323035939732684
Epidemiological and biological studies have shown that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is strongly associated with neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. To date, there is no vaccine and/or efficient drug that can control this virus. A promising, but little explored, target in drug discovery against ZIKV is the non-structural protein 3 (NS3). In this work, fragment-based drug discovery using high-throughput screening (HTS) experiments showed that a hydantoin derivative and an oxadiazole derivative were located at RNA site and therefore considered promising as ligands of the ZIKV NS3 helicase. Based on these results, compounds containing hydantoin and/or oxadiazole were synthesized. Among the various methods used are multicomponent reactions (MCR), such as the Ugi-split reaction, which offer a sustainable approach and allow for broad structural variability. Coupling reagents, such as TBTU, HATU and Mukaiyama, were also used for amide and ester formation reactions. Bioisosteric substitutions of oxadiazole with piperazine and triazole, obtained through the copper-catalyzed azido-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, were also explored. In parallel, the synthesis of highly substituted δ-lactams was studied in a one-pot reaction, through intramolecular Michael addition of Ugi products. Despite the limitations, the method presents a versatile and easy-to-manipulate approach that guides the precepts of Green Chemistry. Regarding biological evaluation, it was possible to demonstrate, through thermal and in vitro tests, that the proposed N-heterocycle derivatives are promising for the development of drugs that can act against ZIKV.
Aulas de educação física na perspectiva do currículo cultural: tecendo caminhos com o futebol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Munhoz, Janaina de Freitas
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Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8862060621433432
Physical Education in Brazilian schools has changed over the years, as has the society to which it belongs. Initially it was characterized as an activity and, over the years with discussions, disputes, mistakes and successes, it arrived, in the 1980s, in the so-called “renovating movement”, seeking to insert reflections on the practice. At the beginning of the 21st century, with post-critical theories, the Cultural Curriculum of Physical Education (CCEF) emerged, which is anchored in the cultural diversity of society and school, seeking work alternatives that respect and exalt differences. Given the above, the present work aimed to analyze a teaching proposal from the perspective of the CCEF in the early years of elementary school. Qualitative research with participant characteristics was used, with 26 second-year elementary school students from a public municipal school in Ribeirão Preto/SP. Information collection was carried out through class diaries produced by the Physical Education teacher-researcher for 22 classes with a football theme. From data analysis, three categories were created, namely: a) more experienced player: being a teacher with expectations, difficulties and legal/bureaucratic attributions, which focuses on the analysis of the teacher who sought to innovate and develop her work within the CCEF , however, he came across his previous experiences that influence his classes; b) challenging players: being a child and creating their own paths and learning, which focuses on children who are also active actors in classes and challenge the teacher to think and constantly re-plan; c) playing with the Cultural Curriculum: the new one that comes from the Physical Education Cultural Curriculum, which highlights the space in which the different ones are found and delimits the rules of pedagogical work from the perspective of the CCEF. The work showed that difficulties were faced in creating this curriculum, given the contradictions and learning that occurred, on the part of the children and the teacher-researcher, during the process. From this pedagogical experience it was possible to learn more about how the CCEF materialized with a second-year class of elementary school and, from there, suggest that new studies be carried out so that we can increasingly know and recognize the Cultural Education Curriculum Physical.
A estrutura semântica interna de orações adverbiais temporais introduzidas por quando e realizadas pelo futuro do subjuntivo: uma abordagem funcionalista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Firmino, Lucas Henrique Xavier da Costa
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Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2358037322007804
The objective of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects involved in the interpretation of the internal semantic structure of temporal adverbial clauses introduced by the conjunction when and carried out by the future subjunctive, in contemporary written Portuguese. This work found theoretical support in Discursive-Functional Grammar (2008), especially leading to the analysis of temporal adverbial clauses, here focused on the representational level of Discursive-Functional Grammar. Furthermore, other formal and functional criteria were taken into analysis, such as: the manifest temporal mode, the order of sentences, referential coherence, type of entity, temporal reference, factuality and presupposition. In this study, 1.003 (one thousand and three) data from the written language were considered, found in the Portuguese Corpus, which made it possible to carry out a synchronic and contemporary analysis of the object for this chosen work. I observed that the mode-temporal manifestation between the temporal clause and the nucleus is, predominantly, carried out by the future of the subjunctive (in the temporal) and present of the indicative (in the nucleus), other verbal modes and tenses are present in the nucleus clause, which creates a variability of temporal-mode combinations and readings (it is important to point out that the focus of this research is on the analysis of the temporal adverbial with future value); in addition to the verb ‘estar’ being the most productive in temporal prayer with future meaning. It was also found that they can appear as being of second order, with a dependent, non-factual and non-presupposed temporal reference; can appear as second-order, with independent temporal reference, being non-factual and non-presupposed and, finally, they can also appear as third-order, with independent temporal reference, being non-factual and not presupposed.