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Escola e escolares: a pandemia da Covid-19 pela perspectiva de educadoras e educadores da rede pública de Rio Claro – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-12) Morais, Nattany Ribeiro de; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-3893; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0093134134165417; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1043-0326
The COVID-19 pandemic has had extensive impacts on various spheres of society, including health, economy, education and daily routines. The education sector, in turn, faced significant challenges during the pandemic period, such as the total suspension of classes, the distancing of the population from the school environment for a long period, the lack of articulation from the Ministry of Education, the differences regional areas and scarce material and human resources, especially in the public sphere. Some studies indicated that during the period of social isolation, schoolchildren had impacts on their mental health, such as fear of contamination, frustration and irritability. Other dimensions verified, among the impacts generated by social isolation, included domestic violence, parents' difficulty in supervising their children and worsening social vulnerability. Teachers, who were already facing devaluing speeches on a daily basis, were also impacted in their personal and professional lives, and were thrown into a narrative that called on them to make profound changes in the way of being, thinking and conducting their teaching practices. National studies, although understandably carried out, for the most part, through devices connected to the internet, focused on aspects related to the possible impacts generated by the pandemic, with students as the main focus and, considering in particular, the period of greater social isolation. The results indicated the vulnerability to which both students and teachers would be exposed and highlighted the importance of continuing and deepening investigations throughout the pandemic context. The present study aimed to understand the socio-emotional conditions of public elementary school students and teachers throughout the pandemic, from the perspective of educators in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which involved the participation of sixteen elementary school teachers from the public school system in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo. To collect data, a semi-structured interview guide was used that covered everything from different moments of the pandemic that had implications on the school routine to the resumption of in-person teaching. The interviews completed by the participants were transcribed and analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. From the teachers' perspective, the results revealed the impacts of the pandemic on the daily lives of students and their families throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the increase in some vulnerabilities such as, for example, unemployment, loss of loved ones dear greater exposure of children to situations of domestic violence, and also, losses in learning, delays in socio-emotional development, among others, were observed. The relevance of the place and the role of teachers and school in the lives of students was revealed beyond the aspects already widely known, with emphasis on the teachers' acute sensitivity and recognition of the students' reality; relationships of affection, care and attention; sharing and different demands entrusted by students and/or family members to teachers, among others. In relation to the teachers themselves and their experiences and challenges throughout the pandemic, the study revealed that the abrupt break in contact impacted the mental health of the interviewees by requiring them to adapt to new technologies and increasing work overload, resulting from the preparation of materials, and the requirement of support for students and families. Furthermore, teachers were the target of criticism, demands and, at times, unfairly blamed. The profound impact of the pandemic on the experiences of students and educators, emphasizing the protective role of the school, was highlighted. The need for support, training and effective strategies to deal with the complexities imposed by the pandemic in the educational context is discussed. The gap in listening to teachers was highlighted, highlighting the importance of listening to them in person at such a delicate time.
Território, Paisagem e Fragmento: análise multiescalar das dinâmicas de supressão regular e irregular de vegetação nativa no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-12) Gavioli, Felipe Rosafa; Molin, Paulo Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6986957391734201; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5065-3358
Combating illegal deforestation is a priority for society and governments, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and conserve biodiversity. Command and control actions take place in a complex manner and are carried out by environmental licensing entities within an institutional arrangement that encompasses a broad legislative apparatus for the protection of native vegetation remnants. One of the aspects of this protective apparatus is the rule established for the regular suppression of vegetation, which, however, is little studied. Knowing the characteristics of the legal suppression of native vegetation can help identify problems and propose improvements in the fiscalization and licensing ecosystem. The present study is part of this context and evaluated the dynamics of regular and irregular suppression in the state of São Paulo between 2009 and 2020, using a multi-scale approach. First, we analyze the processes of regular suppression, fiscalized irregular suppression, unfiscalized irregular suppression and regeneration of native vegetation in the territory of São Paulo, considering a municipal scale, and exploring the factors that induce these processes, using geographic data processing and multiple linear regressions. We found that legal suppression of native vegetation in the state corresponded to only 1.31% of the total suppressed between 2009 and 2020, and fiscalized suppression accounted for 11.14% of the total, meaning that 87.55% of the area of suppressed native vegetation is illegal and not fiscalized. The predominant dynamic in the state is the net regeneration of native vegetation, with 229 thousand hectares regenerated during the study period. The Cerrado presented a more worrying situation of illegal suppression, which reached around 3% of the biome's area in the state during the period studied. Regular suppression is linked to the urban-industrial development of municipalities, while unfiscalized irregular suppression is linked to the availability of road access, gentle slopes and warmer locations. The irregular suppression monitored was related to the percentage of native vegetation coverage in the municipalities and the extension of the municipalities. Then, the study focused on the regular suppressions through Authorizations for the Suppression of Native Vegetation (ASVs), analyzing the insertion of those ASVs in a landscape, considered as a radius buffer surrounding the coordinate point of the ASV. Geospatial and statistical analyzes were carried out on a landscape scale. The regular suppression of native vegetation in São Paulo is marked by small areas, of vegetation in pioneer and initial stages of regeneration, and for urban, agricultural and public works purposes. From a geographical point of view, regular suppression is concentrated in the São Paulo macro-metropolis region. Was identified an important relationship between landscape attributes and the regeneration stage of the ASV vegetation, with earlier stages occurring in more anthropic landscapes, better served by road access and with lower slopes. Based on the results obtained, improvements are suggested in government actions to combat illegal deforestation, as well as point out proposals for future studies. The results obtained can help in understanding the drivers of native vegetation suppression in the state, which contributes to the constant improvement of public forest management, management and conservation policies.
Modelos para a estimativa de propriedades elásticas em materiais compósitos sanduíche de núcleo honeycomb submetidos à flexão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-12) Arroyo, Felipe Nascimento; Pereira Junior, Wanderlei Malaquias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2268506213083114; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-3666; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7212979133617183; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8226-172X
Due to their good mechanical performance combined with a low specific weight, sandwich composite materials have been applied in various situations, especially those with a discontinuous honeycomb core geometry, which has motivated the development of research into new materials, which naturally involves the manufacturing route and subsequent characterization. Na flexão, o conhecimento do módulo de elasticidade e da rigidez à flexão do compósito são de fundamental importância para o projeto estrutural, propriedades essas que podem ser determinadas experimentalmente ou estimadas por meio de modelos matemáticos. In the estimation of elastic properties, the ASTM D7250 (2020) standard, for reasons of design safety, disregards the core's influence in the estimation (transformed section method) of bending stiffness. With the aid of structural modeling using the finite element method and statistical analysis, the main objective of this research is to propose equations for estimating the modulus of elasticity and bending stiffness of honeycomb sandwich composites, as well as estimating bending stresses (tension and compression) under service conditions (small displacements - service limit state). After validating the modeling and parametric study (1944 simulations at three and four points, obtaining 972 different results), it was possible to develop new equations with provisions (i.e., R² greater than 0% and, in some cases, greater than 70%) better than the existing equations in the literature (i.e., R² equal to 0%).