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Os valores presentes na educação sexual do ensino de ciências das escolas paulistas: possibilidades a partir de uma ótica freireana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Castro, Rafael Borba de
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2005109500506193
The validity of what is worthy and natural to be taught and learned, in the family, at school and in the most diverse spaces through which most people go through life, has a history. Which will be told in this work, which seeks to understand how the teaching practice of Science Education teachers select or fail to select content about Sexual Education, denouncing how sexual violence and the practice of Closet Pedagogy, historically establishes the ground the school is a space reserved for the expression of the sexuality of a few. These few find in a false idea of belonging the right to monitor, punish and abstain from sexual violence. The naturalization of this violence is a reflection of a society that organizes itself with the purpose of subjugating social, political and sexual minorities in Brazil. Public policies aimed at the field of education corroborate the problems surrounding the theme of Sexual Education, such as the Curriculum Paulista, which presents itself as an impartial and neutral document, which ends up giving positive signs for the reproduction of this violence. In this way, we try to look at the relationship between the commodification of life, education and sexuality in relation to the advancement of capitalism. In this way, in a collective way, the participation of teachers, through semi-structured interviews, Critical Discourse Analysis, having as a guide the ideals of Paulo Freire and other Marxist thinkers, this discussion is constructed, aiming, after the denunciation displayed here , announce: is it possible to build an Emancipatory Sexual Education, which takes into account the existence of subjects beyond a Eurocentric framework?
Estimativa do módulo de elasticidade transversal para madeiras de espécies nativas via ensaios de flexão estática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Aguiar, Fabricio da Silva
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Lahr, Francisco Antonio Rocco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2333091200416653
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-8498
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Christoforo, André Luis
Wood has been playing a key role in civil construction due to its structural and, especially, sustainable properties. The transverse elasticity modulus (G) is an important elastic property for the proper analysis and dimensioning of structural components. However, its determination for native wood species in Brazil lacks a standardized experimental test. Faced with this gap, this study addresses the estimation of the shear modulus (G) for tropical woods through static bending tests. For this purpose, the influence of deformations due to shear forces on the deflection of beam elements was investigated, as well as the comparison of using static bending tests at three and four points in estimating the longitudinal and transverse elasticity modulus. Six different native species were employed in the study: Pequiá (Caryocar villosum), Marupá (Simarouba amara), Cupiúba (Goupia glabra), Sapucaia (Lecythis spp.), Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis), and Roxinho (Peltogyne spp.), and the tests were conducted according to three standards (ABNT NBR 7190-3:2022, ISO/FDIS 13910:2014, and BS EN 408:2010). The results showed that for the ratio between span and cross-sectional height equal to or less than 18, deformations due to shearing significantly influence the calculation of the longitudinal elasticity modulus (E). Furthermore, the three-point static bending test proved more suitable for estimating G. The ratio between longitudinal and transverse elasticity modulus varied from G=E/5 to G=E/18, diverging from the Brazilian standard results.
Evolução da qualidade da água do Reservatório Guarapiranga (SP) pormeio de longa série temporal e histórico de mortandades de peixes na Bacia do Guarapiranga: a importância do monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Deus, Adriana Castilho Costa Ribeiro de
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Souza, Iara da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2726-3313
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
The threat to aquatic ecosystems is global and will only get worse with climate change. Continuous monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems is necessary. The use of indices is recommended for monitoring, as they summarize the technical complexity of the results of the variables and translate these results into quality classes. The Trophic State Index (TSI) and the Aquatic Life Protection Index (API) were applied to a long data series to monitor the Guarapiranga Reservoir, an urban reservoir in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, which suffers from urban settlement in its surroundings and the discharge of domestic wastewater. The evaluation of the time series from 1978 to 2021 with these indices showed a deterioration in the trophic status and conservation of aquatic life in the reservoir and in one of the tributaries. The results showed that the two indices are suitable for application in a baseline network in subtropical environments. They are able to indicate locations for improved monitoring and are sensitive to environmental changes. The study conducted by CETESB of fish kill ocurrences in the Guarapiranga reservoir catchment in the metropolitan region of São Paulo from 1983 to 2021 showed both spatial and temporal changes in the quality of the catchment. During the period studied, 49 cases of fish kills were reported in the Guarapiranga catchment. The loss of aquatic ecosystem quality due to unplanned colonization was reflected in the high number of fish kills in the 1980s and 1990s. The Guarapiranga Reservoir, which receives water from the basin, also concentrated the result of this expansion of the basin's catchment area and over the years exhibited severe eutrophication, cyanobacteria blooms and the effects of algaecide application. The information obtained from the monitoring of fish mortality in the Guarapiranga basin has shown that this ecological indicator can provide important information on changes in water quality and the socio-ecological environment.
Financeirização e ascensão das plataformas: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-14)
Silva, Felipe Marques e
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Saltorato, Patrícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4086015205835355
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4089-2547
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2984841548009226
The financialization of the economy is a process observed since the last decades of the 20th century and has introduced the dynamics of financial markets where they did not exist before, altering the logic of supply chain management of organizations. These characteristics, combined with technological advancements, have contributed to the rise of companies such as Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Uber, which have created online structures that enable a wide range of human activities, promoting radical changes in how we work, socialize, create value in the economy, and compete for resulting profits. Understanding how these organizations function and the new dynamics brought about by financialization can have important implications for academia and society. Thus, the aim of this master's thesis was to explore the dynamics of financialization in the context of the emergence and rise of platform companies, focusing on implications for the organizational, economic, and social contexts. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and lexical analysis using the iramuteq software to characterize the literature that addressed the topics of financialization and platform companies. Additionally, we conducted a single case study to observe the financialization process of the Uber company. The systematic review and textual analysis of the abstracts of the documents that comprised the sample identified 4 classes with the main themes addressed in the literature: Shareholder Value and Data Capitalism; Platforms and Gentrification; Sharing Economy, Neoliberalism, and Labor on platforms; and Platforms and Power. In the case study on Uber, we explored indicators previously brought by other authors and new indicators characteristic of platforms: Comparison between sources of profitability; Ownership composition and share acquisitions; Mergers and acquisitions; Origin of executives; Executive compensation payments; Dividend payments to shareholders; Employee salaries; Employment; Influence of Venture Capital; and Tax structure. The results showed that Uber exhibits typical characteristics of what the literature presents about financialization; however, it also presents other important aspects that deviate from trends highlighted in previous research, such as patient investment from venture capitalists in the company. We also observed that the financialization structure adopted by the company seems to be the main aspect responsible for the social and economic imbalances and inequalities observed in its structure, distorting its discourse of integration into the sharing economy. We understand that the exploration of this phenomenon is essential for the fields of economic sociology, which may have in its references, methodologies, and approaches the tools capable of unraveling the specificities and nuances brought by platforms and their operation from financialization.
Estudos do uso de cistatinas visando a resistência à Diaphorina citri, inseto vetor da doença Huanglongbing (HLB), via CTV (Vírus da Tristeza dos Citros) na planta, e ensaios de interação patógeno-vetor com ênfase nas catepsinas B e L-like
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Rocha, Sâmara Vieira
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Fuentes, Andrea Soares da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2426157257540389
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-1136
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1016267748434919
Brazilian citrus farming is one of the most important agricultural activities for the national economy, with Brazil being the world's leading producer of oranges and the largest exporter of concentrated and frozen citrus juice. Citrus groves, however, are constantly suffering from various phytosanitary problems, especially Huanglongbing (HLB), which has caused serious damage to citrus farming, since contaminated plants have smaller fruit, a higher degree of acidity, and a lower percentage of juice. The disease is mainly associated with the presence of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which colonizes the phloem vessels and is transmitted to citrus plants by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. In the absence of strategies to control the CLas bacterium, the emphasis has been on controlling D. citri. Therefore, this study aimed to use a vector based on the Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) to overexpress the cystatins CclemCPI-1 and CsinCPI-2, to inhibit target peptidases in the D. citri psyllid. In addition, studies were carried out to understand the localization and gene and protein expression of D. citri cysteine peptidases in the presence or absence of CLas bacteria. Feeding bioassays were carried out with the psyllids using an artificial diet containing the recombinant citrus cystatins and were tested at three stages of D. citri development: egg, nymph and adult, in order to investigate the result of protein interactions (cystatins-peptidases) at different stages of development, as well as in the presence or absence of the bacterium associated with HLB. As for the results obtained, in citrus plants infected with the CTV vector, systemic infection was verified and the presence of the CTV-cystatins construct was confirmed. In the biological tests carried out with the CTV-cystatin plants, D. citri insects were confined, but the plants overexpressing the cystatins were not effective in reducing the viability/quantity of D. citri eggs and nymphs, which requires further investigation and repetition of the test adopted in this work. However, the importance of the psyllid's target peptidases was confirmed, especially in the presence of the CLas bacterium, which indicates their participation in the insect's defense responses. However, the presence of the bacterium is supposed to be a limiting factor for the efficacy of the cystatins, where populations free of the bacterium show a greater population reduction concerning the effect of the inhibiting protein when compared to insects contaminated by the bacterium. As for the developmental stages evaluated, the nymphs proved to be more susceptible to cystatin-mediated inhibition, with this stage being more effective for controlling the insect when using the recombinant proteins compared to the adult stage. A test carried out during the hatching of D. citri eggs in an artificial medium containing the cystatin CsinCPI-2 proved promising since the cystatin present in the artificial diet was supposedly able to interfere with the emergence of first-stage nymphs by reducing the hatching of the insect's eggs by 53.8%. These results require further investigation. Nevertheless, the use of cystatins to control D. citri is still highly promising and it is hoped that soon they will effectively form part of the establishment of citrus crops resistant to the HLB vector, as an effective but sustainable management strategy.
Produção de atlas municipais no Brasil: estado do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Santana, Rodrigo Bozzola de Castro e
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4151
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0251474547341483
Maps have been fundamental throughout history for representing space, making the interpretation of locations more effective. Beyond simple static images, they are configured as tools capable of contextual reading. In the educational sphere, school atlases play a crucial role in the teaching of Geography, constituting valuable learning tools. Adopting the state of knowledge approach, a survey of publications on municipal school atlases in Brazil was conducted using the CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog and the descriptors "atlas + escolares", resulting in 15 works after a careful filtering process. The analysis of the works demonstrated the breadth of themes addressed by researchers, ranging from teacher training to innovative proposals such as Digital Atlases and the interface between Geography and cinema. The convergence around the concept of place was observed in several studies, while others explored themes such as the evolution of basic education in Brazil and the positive impact of municipal electronic Atlases. The use of municipal atlases in schools stands out as a significant resource for teaching, highlighting its adaptability, innovation, and formative potential. However, there are challenges, such as the scarcity of regional materials and the need for effective integration into the curriculum, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between researchers and educators. Gaps in research were identified, such as the multidisciplinary approach to the use of atlases, the evaluation of the impact of their use on students, the exploration of emerging technologies such as augmented reality, and sustainable strategies for continuous use. This research contributes not only to the current understanding of works on municipal school atlases but also points to promising directions for improvement and investigation in the field of the study of municipal school atlases in education.
Padrões e processos espaço-temporais da diversidade taxonômica e funcional de peixes de recifes rochosos de duas ilhas costeiras em área marinha protegida, sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Carminatto, Amanda Aparecida
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Rotundo, Matheus Marcos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0635247128965679
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5320
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Petrere Junior, Miguel
In Brazil, most studies tend to focus on fish communities during the day and specific seasons. However, this approach overlooks temporal variations, such as the seasonal and diurnal cycles. Considering these variations is essential to understand the dynamics and adaptation of reef fish, especially in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Environmental conditions and ecological interactions have the potential to shape species distribution patterns. Ecomorphological attributes are often employed to assess the functional diversity of fish, with studies in this area if morphological variation leads to functional and performance differences resulting in resource usage disparities. Given the importance of comprehensively assessing the structure of rocky reef fish communities in MPAs exposed to seasonal and diurnal variations, this thesis aimed to explore spatial and temporal variations in fish communities, considering different aspects of taxonomic and functional diversity. Specifically, the study sought to (i) characterize the composition and similarity of fish fauna in the rocky reefs of Ilha Anchieta State Park (PEIA) and Ilha do Mar Virado (IMV) on the northern coast of SP, based on seasonal, diurnal, temperature, and depth variations; (ii) understand the spatial-temporal patterns and processes of fish richness and abundance on these islands across environmental gradients, assess whether the abundance distribution pattern remains the same for schooling and non-schooling species, and evaluate the effect of fishing restriction polygons for conservation and target species; (iii) characterize the reef fish occupation in different microhabitats of rocky reefs and investigate whether ecomorphological attributes explain this occupation. The study was conducted on two coastal islands in southeastern Brazil using images generated by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the seasonal cycle of 2022 and samplings during day and night. A total of 16,661 individuals belonging to 81 species, 2 classes, 21 orders, and 38 families were observed. Significant differences in species composition and abundance were found among islands, climatic seasons, diurnal periods, and depth levels. The study emphasizes the importance of nocturnal research, considering the influence of artificial light on fish behavior. Significant factors explaining total numerical abundance and abundance of schooling and non-schooling species included islands, diurnal period, climatic season, depth, temperature, and the interaction between islands and depth, with the addition of interaction between specific factors in each behavior. Factors significant for explaining richness were the diurnal period, interaction between islands, and the diurnal period and Michaelis-Menten model parameters. The composition and occurrence proportion of target fishing species were influenced by the island factor, while conservation target species occurred randomly, regardless of the island. Ecomorphological attributes explained approximately 35% of the variation in species abundance in microhabitats. The results highlight the importance of habitat diversity in generating distinct morphological and functional adaptations in reef fish. Additionally, they indicate that rocky reefs in MPAs offer opportunities for ecomorphological diversification, influencing the dynamics and composition of fish communities. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of reef fish communities, emphasizing the significance of environmental and anthropogenic factors in their structure and composition. These findings can guide conservation and management strategies to preserve marine biodiversity in protected areas.
Síntese de compostos contendo N-heterociclos de 5 membros e avaliação da atividade biológica frente a NS3 Helicase do vírus Zika
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Vidal, Hérika Danielle Almeida
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Corrêa, Arlene Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425467156776144
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-2228
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3323035939732684
Epidemiological and biological studies have shown that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is strongly associated with neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. To date, there is no vaccine and/or efficient drug that can control this virus. A promising, but little explored, target in drug discovery against ZIKV is the non-structural protein 3 (NS3). In this work, fragment-based drug discovery using high-throughput screening (HTS) experiments showed that a hydantoin derivative and an oxadiazole derivative were located at RNA site and therefore considered promising as ligands of the ZIKV NS3 helicase. Based on these results, compounds containing hydantoin and/or oxadiazole were synthesized. Among the various methods used are multicomponent reactions (MCR), such as the Ugi-split reaction, which offer a sustainable approach and allow for broad structural variability. Coupling reagents, such as TBTU, HATU and Mukaiyama, were also used for amide and ester formation reactions. Bioisosteric substitutions of oxadiazole with piperazine and triazole, obtained through the copper-catalyzed azido-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, were also explored. In parallel, the synthesis of highly substituted δ-lactams was studied in a one-pot reaction, through intramolecular Michael addition of Ugi products. Despite the limitations, the method presents a versatile and easy-to-manipulate approach that guides the precepts of Green Chemistry. Regarding biological evaluation, it was possible to demonstrate, through thermal and in vitro tests, that the proposed N-heterocycle derivatives are promising for the development of drugs that can act against ZIKV.
Aulas de educação física na perspectiva do currículo cultural: tecendo caminhos com o futebol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Munhoz, Janaina de Freitas
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Ramos, Glauco Nunes Souto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0134679842280022
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-2838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8862060621433432
Physical Education in Brazilian schools has changed over the years, as has the society to which it belongs. Initially it was characterized as an activity and, over the years with discussions, disputes, mistakes and successes, it arrived, in the 1980s, in the so-called “renovating movement”, seeking to insert reflections on the practice. At the beginning of the 21st century, with post-critical theories, the Cultural Curriculum of Physical Education (CCEF) emerged, which is anchored in the cultural diversity of society and school, seeking work alternatives that respect and exalt differences. Given the above, the present work aimed to analyze a teaching proposal from the perspective of the CCEF in the early years of elementary school. Qualitative research with participant characteristics was used, with 26 second-year elementary school students from a public municipal school in Ribeirão Preto/SP. Information collection was carried out through class diaries produced by the Physical Education teacher-researcher for 22 classes with a football theme. From data analysis, three categories were created, namely: a) more experienced player: being a teacher with expectations, difficulties and legal/bureaucratic attributions, which focuses on the analysis of the teacher who sought to innovate and develop her work within the CCEF , however, he came across his previous experiences that influence his classes; b) challenging players: being a child and creating their own paths and learning, which focuses on children who are also active actors in classes and challenge the teacher to think and constantly re-plan; c) playing with the Cultural Curriculum: the new one that comes from the Physical Education Cultural Curriculum, which highlights the space in which the different ones are found and delimits the rules of pedagogical work from the perspective of the CCEF. The work showed that difficulties were faced in creating this curriculum, given the contradictions and learning that occurred, on the part of the children and the teacher-researcher, during the process. From this pedagogical experience it was possible to learn more about how the CCEF materialized with a second-year class of elementary school and, from there, suggest that new studies be carried out so that we can increasingly know and recognize the Cultural Education Curriculum Physical.
A estrutura semântica interna de orações adverbiais temporais introduzidas por quando e realizadas pelo futuro do subjuntivo: uma abordagem funcionalista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-15)
Firmino, Lucas Henrique Xavier da Costa
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Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2358037322007804
The objective of this dissertation is to describe and analyze the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects involved in the interpretation of the internal semantic structure of temporal adverbial clauses introduced by the conjunction when and carried out by the future subjunctive, in contemporary written Portuguese. This work found theoretical support in Discursive-Functional Grammar (2008), especially leading to the analysis of temporal adverbial clauses, here focused on the representational level of Discursive-Functional Grammar. Furthermore, other formal and functional criteria were taken into analysis, such as: the manifest temporal mode, the order of sentences, referential coherence, type of entity, temporal reference, factuality and presupposition. In this study, 1.003 (one thousand and three) data from the written language were considered, found in the Portuguese Corpus, which made it possible to carry out a synchronic and contemporary analysis of the object for this chosen work. I observed that the mode-temporal manifestation between the temporal clause and the nucleus is, predominantly, carried out by the future of the subjunctive (in the temporal) and present of the indicative (in the nucleus), other verbal modes and tenses are present in the nucleus clause, which creates a variability of temporal-mode combinations and readings (it is important to point out that the focus of this research is on the analysis of the temporal adverbial with future value); in addition to the verb ‘estar’ being the most productive in temporal prayer with future meaning. It was also found that they can appear as being of second order, with a dependent, non-factual and non-presupposed temporal reference; can appear as second-order, with independent temporal reference, being non-factual and non-presupposed and, finally, they can also appear as third-order, with independent temporal reference, being non-factual and not presupposed.
Graduação em medicina: uma reflexão sobre o papel da pesquisa científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-16)
Gomes, Luíza Ferreira
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Carbol, Maristela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9852217198710064
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1192-7149
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3902930721945307
The objective of this work was to reflect on the role of scientific research in personal and professional development during medical school, a reflection generated through the study "Intentional behavior of university students regarding the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)." It analyzed the behavioral intention of UFSCar university students regarding the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The paper begins with a reflective account followed by the complete citation of the mentioned study.
Microstructure, corrosion, and wear resistance of a boron-modified duplex stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Freitas, Brenda Juliet Martins
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1139
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
A duplex stainless steels (DSS) containing 0.3 and 0.6 wt.% of boron were produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBD) with parameters based on Box-Behnken design. The microstructure was evaluated by XRD, OM, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and ASTAR. Additionally, the alloys were characterized by Vickers microhardness, reciprocating pin-on-plate wear test in sliding mode, and the electrochemical behavior was assessed by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation tests in chloride electrolyte. The results were compared to a pure duplex stainless steel obtained by hot-rolling and by LPBF. Hot-rolled pure DSS presents a dual-phase (α+γ) microstructure with elongated grains along the rolling axis, whereas the as-built LPBF pure DSS exhibits coarsened columnar δ-Fe grains parallel to the building direction. In contrast, boron addition promoted an outstanding grain refinement, resulting in a microstructure non-textured microstructure and composed of refined equiaxed δ-Fe grains with Cr2B nanoborides decorating the grain boundaries. Such excellent grain refinement is ascribed to the segregation of boron and accumulation of a boron-enriched boundary layer ahead of the growing solid-liquid interface during LPBF solidification. Regarding hardness and wear resistance, compared to the commercial hot-rolled DSS, the LPBF-produced pure DSS presented enhanced hardness and wear resistance, which are further increased by boron addition. Moreover, LPBF-produced boron-containing stainless steel revealed high pitting resistance, great repassivation ability, and unsensitized microstructure in 0.6M NaCl solution, being comparable to pure DSS produced by LPBF and by hot-rolling. Therefore, the addition of boron is responsible for the formation of a wear- and corrosion-resistant ultrafine-grained LPBF-produced stainless steel, opening the possibility of applying this material in challenging environments givens its excellent basket of electrochemical and tribological properties.
Em razão de sua raça: os impactos psicossociais das desqualificações das masculinidades negras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Oliveira, Daniel Amâncio de
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Garcia, Marcos Roberto Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3911188481669270
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-2923
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5501964145309147
The construction of Brazil intertwined with racism is marked by the exploitation and subjugation of black bodies, equating them to commodities, devoid of humanity. The black male figure, as history demonstrates, has faced numerous attempts of annihilation, both literal and symbolic, whether in the post-abolition whitening policies, in the ongoing mass incarceration where prisons are predominantly occupied by black men with low education levels, in psychiatric institutions (psychiatric hospitals and therapeutic communities), in police violence rates, or in the construction of harmful stereotypes that evoke fear and prejudice in social relations. This research sought to present and contribute to the dialogue about masculinities and mental health among the black population, focusing on the psychosocial impacts in the construction of black masculinity in Brazilian society and worldwide, due to the systematic process of disqualifying their existences. The main objective of this dissertation was to investigate the consequences of racism on health processes and the possible psychological suffering of black men, based on interviews with four of them. Through the episodic analysis chosen with Kilomba (2019), it was possible to identify the following psychosocial impacts: difficulty in constructing a positive self-identity, internalization of negative stereotypes about black men, such as the need to perform high sexual performance, virile masculinity, self-pressure to be the best, not having the right to make mistakes, feelings of neglect and rejection. Additionally, we also found impaired social relations and concrete disadvantages due to social readings derived from colonial fantasies that depict them as dangerous and hypersexualized, corresponding to a process of objectification and inferiorization. Beyond our initial hypothesis, it was also possible to identify various forms of coping and constructing positive identities capable of subverting negative stereotypes and some oppressions, as well as discovering support networks that strengthen this resistance, such as family of origin, religion, romantic relationships, mental health care, and "aquilombamento". Thus, possible pathways are pointed out for an approach and adequate support in the mental health care of black men from an anti-racist, anti-colonial, anti-asylum, and anti-medicalization perspective.
Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea em mulheres com dismenorreia primária: estudo clínico randomizado com avaliação econômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Rodrigues, Jessica Cordeiro
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Vera, Mariana Arias Avila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905617922199364
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-5326
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Driusso, Patricia
Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a gynecological disorder characterized by pain in the abdominal or pelvic region before or during menstruation in the absence of any pelvic disease. Although Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is used to relieve pain associated with PD, its cost-effectiveness and cost-utility remain poorly understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate TENS can be effective in treating PD symptoms and determine the cost-effectiveness associated with TENS in treating PD symptoms. Materials and methods: This study included 174 women between 18 and 45 years, with menstrual pain ≥ 4 points on the Numerical Pain Scale (END), randomized (1:1:1) by draw into 3 groups of treatment, with 58 participants in each group: aTENS (intervention group), pTENS (placebo group) and educational booklet group. The protocol consisted of 3 sessions, held once a month, for 30 minutes. In the intervention and placebo groups, a frequency of 100Hz and a pulse duration of 200μs were applied. However, in the placebo group, the current was only delivered during the first 30 seconds. Participants in the educational booklet group received guidance on health promotion and education actions related to PD. Outcomes were assessed by END, Generic six-dimensional short form quality of life questionnaire (SF-6D) and Economic Assessment Form. Assessments occurred at 2 moments: before treatment and after the 3rd month of follow-up. Statistical analysis: Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain due to END between the groups in the first, second and third evaluation after the protocol. For the cost-utility analysis, the QALY obtained during treatment was used. Cost-effectiveness measures were estimated in Brazilian currency (R$), while outcomes were indicated by the clinical event "pain". A significance level of 5% was adopted. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: TENS demonstrated to be more effective than placebo TENS and educational booklet in improving clinical results over 3 months of treatment. Furthermore, TENS presented an incremental cost-effectiveness of R$0.43/no occurrence of pain. Additionally, it was estimated that each 0.01 QALY increase with TENS has a cost of R$22.25. Conclusion: TENS is a cost-effective treatment option that can be used by policymakers to improve PD care in public and private healthcare systems.
Aplicação industrial do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como fonte de energia alternativa na produção do cimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Lima, Leonardo Moreira de
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Belini, Gabriela Bertoni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1833991005624421
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-694X
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
Among the costs involved in cement production, energy consumption deserves to be highlighted as one of the most relevant factors in the production cost. The search for fuel sources from alternative sources can be a solution to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels. The objective of this work was to study the feasibility of co-processing by burning sugarcane bagasse in a pre-calciner. Approximately 98 tons of sugarcane bagasse were used as an alternative fuel. The industrial-scale test was monitored for 16 hours. The average feed flow into the pre-calciner was approximately 6 tons per hour of sugarcane bagasse, combined with 7.8 tons per hour of petroleum coke. The results showed that the thermal replacement of part of the fossil fuel (17%) by sugarcane biomass did not have a significant impact on the quality of the material produced. The use of this residue as an alternative fuel enabled a reduction in costs related to fossil fuel of R$1,067/hour. Estimating that the equipment remains in operation for 10 months, this would represent savings of R$ 7.679.160/year. Sugarcane bagasse can be used as co-fuel in a pre-calciner, without reducing the performance of the equipment and without altering the properties of the flour, and as a consequence, the properties of the clinker and Portland cement produced.
Gestão democrática na escola: indicadores de qualidade para a humanização do trabalho educativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Pereira, Carolina Sala
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Martinez, Vinício Carrilho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7916014556126573
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-0544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2343688492677045
The general objective of the research is to analyze educational work concomitant with the actions of all members of the educational process, promoted by collaborative management, that helps ensure the quality of teaching and learning processes. The debate on contemporary adversities and challenges found in the context of the educational environment, mainly in the public sphere, is a recurring theme in studies, since norms and organizational structures do not always provide the necessary support or, or even, minimal. Factor that negatively influences educational processes, reproducing historical inequalities and restricting the construction of the conception of dialogical societies, egalitarian and emancipatory policies that imply a new school, of all, with democratic and humanized management. As a result, we think that specific objectives should guide this scope of the topic: (1) characterize the educational scenario from different perspectives, within a critical context, from a theoretical-political diversity, (2) when evaluating indicators of quality in education that act as an instrument of intervention in reality and (3) propose reform actions, supervised by democratic and assertive management, for effective humanization of the school environment, in addition (4) to identifying problems in the work configuration of teaching work, in favor of the valorization of the class, in order to promote legitimate restructuring. (5) At the end, it presents a practical example of experiences in education for democratic values, resulting from affirmative actions in municipal management. The study aims to show the precariousness of educational practice, addressing different institutional variants and sociocultural context, legitimizing the need to implement the social function of the school, through management committed to subsidizing conditions to overcome historical gaps and guarantee rights of all subjects participating in the educational process, in favor of democratic and emancipatory education. To better visualize the scope of the research, we employed a literature review, with a qualitative approach.
Educação Freireana : axiologia crítica no currículo de Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-18)
Demartini, Gabriel Ribeiro
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Silva, Antonio Fernando Gouvêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9621931288117213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9046778496708360
The present work was configured as qualitative research, based on the assumptions of historical-dialectical materialism. The research problem that guided the investigation originated from questions about the historically existing ideological transgression between knowledge and values, manifested by banking education. Thus, the objective was to understand and develop the interface between ethics and knowledge in the transformative curricular praxis in biology teaching, based on Freirean pedagogy. To this end, an investigative dive into philosophical modernity was necessary, as a privileged place for understanding this axio-epistemological fracture, explaining the reduction that scientific knowledge has suffered, making it uncommitted to humanization. Based on critical reflection on a curriculum construction experience based on the Freirean thematic investigation process, carried out in a state school in São Francisco do Brejão – MA, we sought to understand the axiological (ethical and political) and epistemological aspects present in educational practice. The categories ethical-critical alterity and ontological negativity, both based on Dussel, and Freirean dialogicity were developed as analytical parameters, enabling the understanding of the axio-epistemological inseparability of ethical-critical orientation in curricular praxis by the generative themes. In short, they denounced the negativities that generated the concrete victims of the sociocultural organization and made it possible, through recognition of the Other, to regain protagonism in the political struggle for life. Furthermore, the dialectical and dialogical overcoming of banking education through curricular construction via a generative themes made it possible to announce a theoretical-methodological path committed to humanization.
Percepções das práticas colaborativas entre professores do ensino comum e de Educação Especial em escolas de Educação Infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Bueno, Adriana Correa
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Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-2369
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9947095179174886
Early Childhood Education schools are environments that provide learning and development for all students, with and without disabilities. Thinking about their spaces, times, pedagogical resources and ensuring collaboration between professionals involved in the learning process, who work in these environments, especially with children who are the target audience for special education, is the theme of this research. How have teachers implemented their practices with target children for Special Education in Stage I of Early Childhood Education? Considering the official guidelines and the importance of collaboration in the educacional context, is it feasible to carry out collaborative practices between regular education and Special Education teachers in Early Childhood Education schools- Stage I? This study aims to analyze, together with regular education and Special Education teachers who work in Early Childhood Education - Stage I (from 0 to 3 years old), the perception regarding the collaborative practices developed and how they are constituted among these professionals. It is research based on the qualitative approach and assumptions of collaborative research. The research was developed in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo and in the first stage, a questionnaire was applied to 38 teachers (common education and Special Education teachers), who worked in public Early Childhood Education schools - Stage I, with children between 0 and 3 years of age, with the aim of obtaining a characterization of the structure relating to the organization of AEE and the dynamics between them in regular education, identifying concepts, challenges and practices present in everyday school life; and in a second moment, 14 teachers were selected to carry out 6 reflective sessions, in which participants had the chance to reflect and reorganize their practices, in order to enhance it. In this age group, the practices identified that require greater collaboration include assistance in referring students for evaluation in the health area and behavioral issues that hinder the effective participation of some students. The results obtained in the research highlighted the lack of standardization with regard to the duration, format and structure of Specialized Educational Assistance aimed at children Targeted by Special Education in Early Childhood Education - Stage I schools (from 0 to 3 years old). Additionally, it was found that there is no educational policy, or legislation, that consistently endorses the existing guidelines on AEE in Early Childhood Education schools - Stage I. We highlight that there is an attempt to implement collaborative practices between these teachers and the school team, as a whole, although, timidly, the culture of collaboration is beginning to manifest itself in these schools. However, for these practices to develop effectively, a change in the conceptions and practices of all professionals involved is imperative, and such a transition encounters significant obstacles in various aspects of daily school life, such as resistance from both types of teachers, lack of of time, lack of resources and AEE teachers in all schools, among many others. It is concluded that it is essential to reorganize the educational environment with the aim of promoting practices among educators and making proposals for continued training on how to work collaboratively in this age group, thus strengthening school inclusion.
Compreensão emocional: uma proposta para educação física na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Alves, Leticia Cristina
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Godoi Jacomassi, Daniela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699007812483790
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-7529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3269657277864891
Advancement in knowledge of emotional aspects has become a pedagogical demand in the post-social isolation context. However, the concern lies in treating the subject in a meaningful way, overcoming superficial practices. Understanding that Physical Education can prove to be a promising space to address the theme of emotions and that it considers the individual in all its complexity – covering motor, social, cognitive and emotional aspects –, it was proposed to develop a teaching unit that explored emotional understanding. The objective of the present study is to analyze the process of developing and implementing a teaching unit on emotional understanding in Physical Education classes for Kindergarten Education students. The research, of a qualitative nature, adopted the action research method, in which 15 classes were implemented based on the emotions of joy, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and anger. 20 students regularly enrolled in Kindergarten Education participated in the study. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire administered individually before and after the implementation of the didactic unit; in addition to the class diary fed from the impressions of participation and recording of images; and records produced by students through oral speech and drawings. Data from class diaries, student records and questionnaires were organized and analyzed qualitatively, through content analysis. The results demonstrate that the didactic unit, through observation, imitation and naming of expressive cues, together with reflection on the events or situations in each story and/or game that resulted in each emotion addressed, brought beneficial aspects to the progression of emotional understanding of students, especially in the recognition and external cause components. As an educational product, an authorial book was organized, containing part of the didactic unit applied in the study, in addition to organizing one book per student, with their individual productions forming an emotional book.
Seleção de parceria e processo de governança da colaboração na inovação aberta sustentável: um estudo em projetos de P&D em parceria com o mercado para a descarbonização da agropecuária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-03-19)
Fragalle, Cristiane Vieira Peres
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Delai, Ivete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054145506480670
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-0181
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3168180759905406
One of the challenges for Brazil and the world in the coming decades is the decarbonization of agriculture. The topic is at the frontier of scientific knowledge and depends on several actors to reach a solution. Brazil established public policy to meet the goals negotiated at COP 21 through the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (Plan ABC+), which aims to reduce carbon emissions from the agricultural sector by 1.1 billion tons by 2030. By encouraging adoption of more sustainable agricultural and livestock practices, the plan encourages the search for innovative solutions and technologies that can contribute to reducing GHG emissions, increasing agricultural productivity and conserving natural resources, simultaneously. Embrapa, a Science, Technology and Innovation (ICT) institution, contributes to achieving the goals of the ABC+ Plan through its research into climate change. It has faced an increase in demand for partnerships for decarbonization in open innovation projects in a context where organizations have sought to adapt to new business models that meet sustainability. Academic literature points out that innovations involving sustainability can bring new challenges to the selection of partners and to the governance process of collaboration in these partnerships, since the actions are long-term, seek to generate new knowledge, there is interdependence of different actors and its objective goes beyond the economic dimension. It is a topic still under development, with few existing studies on collaboration when it takes place between organizations, something seen by authors as a “black box” of the collaboration process to generate innovation. This type of process is also new for Embrapa and previous interviews with managers of these projects pointed to the differences in this type of project and the need to better understand the collaboration selection and governance processes. The latent processes and criteria that take place in projects can help Embrapa improve the collaboration process with its R&D partners. Given this context, this research aimed to map and propose a practice guide for partner selection processes and collaboration governance in R&D projects in a sustainable open innovation model with the market and its critical success factors. To this end, five case studies were carried out on Embrapa R&D projects focusing on decarbonization. As a result, activities in the partner selection and governance stages of the collaboration process that Embrapa projects have and the gaps when compared to the theoretical model were identified. Processes and criteria were identified at the micro level of analysis, and critical success factors were identified. As a technological product, this study developed a Guide to practices for partner selection and collaboration governance processes. In doing so, it responds to both the academic and practical gaps highlighted above.