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A cana-de-açúcar como uma questão sociocientífica no ensino de ciências para a justiça social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-03) Gomes, Amanda Eloisa Ribeiro; Lopes, Nataly Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285391776145231; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1490334234642832; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2915-7734
With the increasing advancement of technology, access to news and information has become increasingly easier. However, this ease of access to the network has caused many doubts regarding the sources of the information, since disinformation content has spread with equal ease and speed. To form subjects capable of acting in these situations, we believe that education must be liberating and dialogic, in order to overcome accommodation based on a critical attitude (Freire, 2023). One of the ways to carry out this liberating education is from socio-scientific issues (SSI), that is, controversial situations that promote teaching focused on discussions of an ethical, social and political nature, seeking to raise awareness among students, based on themes close to their life realities. Furthermore, we recognize the need for science teaching that promotes discussions about social justice, which is increasingly urgent in the Brazilian social context. Therefore, in this research, we seek to analyze the potential of the sugarcane theme as a SSI for science teaching and how it can help in discussions of social justice. To this end, action research was carried out, based on a university extension activity, with science teachers from the basic education network and future teachers (degree students in physics, chemistry or biology), in which we sought to understand these potentialities from discussions and readings in groups and in a dialogical manner, in order to relate the knowledge achieved on the topic to education focused on social justice. At the end of the extension activity, a discursive textual analysis was carried out to present the results of this research. The analyzes show us that teachers understand the need to introduce methodologies that go beyond traditional science teaching, however, they still feel trapped by content materials and school performance assessment tests, in addition to understanding the need for continued training for constant improving education. We also realize that teachers not only understand the importance, but seek to encourage discussions of a political nature in their classes, seeking the comprehensive training of students, which is one of the points proposed within socio-scientific issues. Furthermore, we also noticed that teachers perceive different ways of working with sugar cane as a SSI in science teaching, as well as fostering discussions of a social, ethical and environmental nature based on the theme, in addition to discussions about other QSC that this can encourage. Finally, the teachers presented different approaches to teaching sequences that can be applied in the classroom, both for specific physics, chemistry and biology classes, and with an interdisciplinary perspective, which reflects the potential of sugar cane as a SSI for science teaching.
Fragmentação socioespacial em Sorocaba: o caso dos residenciais Carandá e Altos do Ipanema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-03) Carvalho, Gabriel Esmeraldino de; Silva, Carlos Henrique Costa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444248390841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-7268; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9256159200720338; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4082-5787
The process of socio-spatial fragmentation was theorized as an element in the production and consumption of urban space in metropolises. However, this process has also been recorded in medium-sized cities. In this context, the city of Sorocaba is inserted, an important city in the interior of São Paulo whose recent expansion of its urban area and its accelerated growth have registered characteristic elements of socio-spatial fragmentation. In the municipality, there is a growth in closed subdivisions, self-segregated spaces, and in peripheral areas, spaces segregated by imposition. The focus given is on the case study of the Carandá and Altos do Ipanema subdivisions, which are sets of buildings resulting from public housing policies, but built in remote areas, difficult to access, with no basic shops and dependent on a network of Public transport is still lacking and focused on the central region of the city, which makes access to other locations difficult. The analysis methodology is based on interviews with local residents, since the analysis of everyday life is seen as the main element of understanding the lived space and the consequences of socio-spatial fragmentation. Therefore, elements related to consumption, leisure and mobility in the daily lives of the interviewees are investigated.
Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação da RIS Eldercare Self-Efficacy Scale (Escala de Autoeficácia do Cuidador de Pessoas Idosas)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-03) Alves, Ludmyla Caroline de Souza; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-8600; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7873339343111119; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0251; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1558259573997432; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-702X
Caregiver self-efficacy can be understood as the ability they believe they have to perform a task. Instruments that assess this domain can help in the construction of interventions capable of positively impacting the care process. Therefore, the translation and adaptation of instruments such as the RIS Eldercare Self-Efficacy Scale is important for the Brazilian context. Objective: Translate, culturally adapt and validate the RIS Eldercare Self-Efficacy Scale for the Brazilian context in informal caregivers of people living with dementia. Method: Study of the methodological type for translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument entitled RIS Eldercare Self-Efficacy Scale for the Brazilian context, for informal caregivers of people living with dementia. The translation process was carried out by qualified translators, following the steps recommended in the literature. For cultural adaptation, a committee of experts was formed, who analyzed the data in a descriptive way, and the validity of the content through the Content Validity Index. For validation, people aged 18 or over, literate and who were informal caregivers of a person living with dementia participated online. Data on sociodemographic characterization, self-efficacy (RIS Eldercare Self-Efficacy Scale), overload (Zarit Overload Inventory), and anxious and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were collected from 100 participants. All ethical precepts were respected. For data analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was carried out to verify the structure of the Brazilian version of the RIS Eldercare Self-Efficacy Scale, adopting the same evaluation criteria as the original version of the scale. After the CFA, Spearman Correlation tests were performed and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. For statistical tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted (p value ≤ 0.05). Results: After translation and back-translation, word adaptations were necessary for better understanding by caregivers, as well as adjustments in the writing of answer options, authorized by the author of the original version. Content and semantic validation were achieved. The content validity coefficient was greater than 0.80. Final considerations: After the established methodological steps, the scale was adapted to Brazilian culture, presenting conceptual, semantic and cultural equivalence, compared to the original version. Therefore, the scale can be used to assess the self-efficacy of informal caregivers of elderly people living with dementia.
Relação entre feições geomorfológicas fluviais e sítios arqueológicos na bacia do médio Tietê - São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-03) Belizário, Bruno; Fernandes, Erminio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2770392631554400; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-968X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3557787503034339; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3427-9886
The geoarchaeological studies originated from the interaction between Earth Sciences and Archaeology. They allow for a deep and comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of landscapes over geological time, particularly highlighting the Quaternary period, associated with the dynamics of Paleo-Indian populations that occupied specific landscape compartments at the time. Within this premise, this work aimed to analyze the fluvial morphological features of the middle Tietê River and the middle Piracicaba River, correlating them with the presence of ancient human settlements constituting archaeological sites, aiming to contribute to the study of the distribution of these populations aged between 12,000 Cal BP and 3,000 Cal BP in the relief compartments in the São Paulo Peripheral Depression. The methods used for the development of the research consisted of mapping geomorphological features, based on the interpretation of satellite imagery (Alos Palsar) and the use of data provided by the project (insert name and number) developed at the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology - University of São Paulo (MAE/USP). The results of the geomorphological mapping revealed that 31 archaeological sites are settled in different landscape compartments and associated with the following geomorphological units, such as: fluvial terraces, sandy ridges, floodplains, valley bottoms, and slopes. Keywords: Paleo-Indians. Middle Tietê River. Middle Piracicaba River. Relief compartmentalization. São Paulo Peripheral Depression. Archaeological sites in southeastern South America. Brazilian Geoarchaeology.
Teatro do oprimido na casa lar: processos educativos decorrentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-03) Alves, Thales Felipe Dantas; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4679; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4060925446614249; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1760-4117
The Theatre of the Oppressed (TO), formulated by Augusto Boal, is symbolized by a tree whose roots must be planted in the soil of ethics and solidarity, allowing us to affirm that its foundation is the ongoing struggle against injustice, colonialism, and imperialism. Thus, this research aimed to describe, analyze, and understand the educational processes emerging from the social practice of TO, with a group of fifteen children and adolescents who were removed from their family environment and are in a foster care situation at the Casa Lar institution, under judicial determination, in the northern zone of São Paulo city. The insertion into the Casa Lar space occurred through workshops held on Saturday mornings, with an average duration of 50 minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes, during the months of October 2022 to June 2023. Over thirteen meetings, exercises and games that comprise the TO method were developed. We used a descriptive qualitative research methodology, and the data collection method adopted was Field Diary, recording the activities, the participation of children and adolescents, as well as their speeches, gestures, expressions, sensations, and silences. The procedure adopted for data analysis was guided by Content Analysis, through which we found the units of context that enabled the creation of two categories: a) "Identifying the oppressors and the oppressed", and b) "Demechanizing the Bodies." From the analysis of the categories, it was possible to perceive that the workshops could significantly contribute to the children and adolescents recognizing the relationships of domination and oppression existing in the daily lives of their own lives, as well as identifying the possible oppressors surrounding them/us.
Efeito da aquisição do ecoico sobre a emergência de tatos expandidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-03) Freire, Marcela Ferreira da Silva Teixeira; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4666582338546873
This work presents applied research conducted with three children with formal diagnosis with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) aged 3, 4, and 9 years old. The aim was to test the effect of echoic expansion training on expanded tact responses in children with autism. Expansion was defined as an increase in the number of elements of tact and echoic responses. The hypothesis tested was whether expanded tact would emerge following expanded echoic instruction, which, if confirmed, could lead to a learning leap through stimulus control transfer, facilitating teaching processes of tact expansion and representing a teaching economy. A multiple probes design was used in the studies. A baseline protocol containing interspersed echoic, listener, and tact tasks was applied, followed by extended echoic teaching and subsequent testing. Only the results of the study on one of the participants give some support to the research hypothesis, in which the participant has shown some tact expansion without formal directed instruction.