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Emergência de intraverbal e intraverbal reverso após treino de discriminação condicional em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-17)
Campesan, Patrícia Contreras
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Elias, Nassim Chamel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-623X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9719922650195261
Verbal behavior, like all operant behavior, produces consequences capable of maintaining, increasing or decreasing its frequency. It is analyzed based on units called verbal operants, intraverbal being one of them. Studies have shown the importance of teaching intraverbals to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as this group experiences greater difficulty with these repertoires. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of teaching tact and listener behavior on the emergence of complex intraverbals in the question-answer format. The participants comprised four children diagnosed with ASD. Initially, the CARS protocol was applied with the family, an intraverbal repertoire survey protocol and a probe with twenty questions in three baseline sessions. Of these questions, three that the participant did not answer correctly were selected for the teaching phases. The other seven questions were used as controls. Next, they were exposed to the teaching of name-figure and question-figure conditional discriminations and a tactile test for the figures. Finally, the ten questions were reapplied. The results show that new questions emerged from the teaching, which may contribute to teaching savings.
Método de avaliação do espaço urbano quanto à seguridade percebida pelas mulheres ao caminharem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-17)
Rodrigues, Lara Reis
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Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7245761274405860
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-8789
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754409592104394
Walking is the most basic and fundamental way of mobility, allowing connectivity and interaction between the individual and the built environment. However, research has demonstrated that the characteristics of the built environment influences the perceived security by pedestrians and the option to walk. Furthermore, gender is one of the most relevant variables in this aspect, considering that the chances of women choosing to travel on foot are approximately twice smaller compared to men. Bearing in mind that security concerns the prevention of risks to the personal, physical and psychological integrity of the individual, this research is based on the following question: what evaluation method can support the planning of urban areas perceptibly more secure for walking, especially for women? Thus, the general objective of this work was to propose a method of evaluating of the urban space in terms of the perceived security by women when walking. The study consisted of three stages: (1) selection of characteristics of the built environment that interfere on the perceived security of pedestrians, considering mainly the female gender; (2) definition of an instrument of evaluating of the perception of security of the pedestrian in urban spaces, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); and (3) carrying out a case study in an urban area with the aim of mapping locations that are more or less secure perceptibly for pedestrians, considering gender, using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For the development of the stage 1, a bibliographical review was carried out about the topic, made possible through analysis of national and international publications, of scientific and technical nature, available in libraries and virtual search engines. In the stage 2, a questionnaire was applied to obtain the weights and the prioritization hierarchy of the measures and aspects previously selected, through the perception of the interviewees, considering the general average and the gender filter, as well as ethnicity, age group and sexual orientation. As for the stage 3, the central area of the city of Franca (SP) was delimited as the object of study. In general, the results are (i) the proposal of eight measures grouped into four aspects of the urban space; (ii) obtaining the following prioritization hierarchy, from the most important aspect to the least important by the general average: circulation of people (0,30), surveillance (0,27), street maintenance (0,22) and attractiveness of the urban space (0,21); and (iii) visualization of differences in the evaluation of the study area regarding to the perception of security between female and male pedestrians. The work supports public management with regard to the urban and transport planning, in addition to contributing to the state of the art through the selection, consideration and mapping of the main characteristics of the built environment that affects the perceived security when walking.
Biotransformação de flavonoides em lagartas do gênero Spodoptera
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-17)
Leal Netto, Renato Cardoso
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
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Wouters, Felipe Christoff
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4392349445398645
Caterpillars of the genus Spodoptera are polyphagous herbivorous insects, meaning they feed on a wide variety of crops, which are of great economic interest in Brazil, including corn, cotton, sorghum, and soybeans. Although these crops are well protected by their main defensive compounds, such as flavonoids, larvae of species in this genus are still able to develop in plantations, suggesting a high detoxification capacity against these compounds, despite little being known about the products of this metabolism. Available data on the adaptation of phytophagous insects to plant chemical defenses suggest that, although the chemical structure of some synthetic insecticides is similar to these xenobiotics, defense characteristics differ between these two selection classes. Thus, this work aimed to identify and compare the products of flavonoid metabolism by these insects and the genes and enzymes involved in these biotransformations, which may provide information about their high capacity to adapt to new host plants, potentially revealing new strategies for their control in the field. This study aimed to investigate the detoxification capacity of flavonoids and isoflavones in species of the genus Spodoptera. Qualitative analysis of fecal extracts from these insects was performed by LC-MS/MS after oral administration of the compounds of interest, and the data obtained from each species were compared. The resulting molecular network from mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses in positive mode consisted of 3457 precursor ions for S. frugiperda extract, 1644 for S. cosmioides extract, and 728 for S. eridania extract, which were presented as nodes (interconnected or unique). Additionally, the GNPS platform was able to annotate a total of 36, 42, and 29 substances for S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, and S. eridania, respectively, providing a comprehensive visualization of the compounds present in the extracts of the respective treatments. It is worth noting that among these compounds annotated by GNPS, only 7 substances were considered of interest for the discussion of S. frugiperda results, 9 substances for S. cosmioides, and 8 for S. eridania. Furthermore, an additional 9 substances, which were not annotated, were considered derivatives of compounds with a flavanic nucleus. In addition to mono-glycosylated derivatives in fecal extracts from the 3 tested caterpillar species with the 4 aglycones, other compounds were identified in fecal extracts of Spodoptera frugiperda, S. cosmioides, and S. eridania larvae fed only with diet enriched with aglycone standards, including different regioisomers. It was observed that S. eridania was able to glycosylate only the daidzein standard, while S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides presented glycosylated derivatives of all administered standards, generating possibly less toxic compounds. Our results provide qualitative information about possible biochemical reactions employed by 3 species of the genus Spodoptera in the metabolism of compounds with a flavanic skeleton and significantly contribute to future research on their chemically defended "insect-plant" interactions.
“Experiência Literária”: uma análise mediológica da caixinha da TAG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-18)
Ferreira, Júlia Martins
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Salgado, Luciana Salazar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-0726
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4229221013502829
In this work, we aimed to answer the question: what is the 'literary experience' sold by TAG - Literary Experiences? TAG is a book club with two subscription modalities, TAG - curation and TAG - unpublished, which monthly sends its members a 'surprise' box containing a collectible book jacket, an exclusive edition book, a magazine, a bookmark, and a literary gift. As a methodology of analysis, we consider this monthly sent box as a medium (DEBRAY, 1993; 2000), that is, a technical object mediating institutional and subjective relationships that in its double body, organized matter (OM) and materialized organization (MO), allows us to articulate three levels of analysis: the material, the diachronic, and the political. At the material level, we understand the objects that compose the box as editorial objects (SALGADO, 2020) organized by signifying values that lead to public circulation and project a reading public, that is, they are vectors of sensitivity (MO) pointing to a sociability matrix (OM). To discuss how the political and diachronic levels materialize in the sent box, we use the concepts of literary discourse (MAINGUENEAU, 2018a), technical-scientific-informational environment (SANTOS, 2013, 2006a, 2006b), and society of control (HAN, 2020; 2019; 2015 & SILVEIRA, 2018). Analyzing our object from the perspective of literary discourse allows us to describe the strategies that the company uses to position and validate itself in the literary field. Moreover, we could describe the textual scenography on the website and in the editorials of the sent magazines and the ethos that emerge from there, pointing to the same values: convenience, proximity, and performance. Ethos characteristic of digital media (SALGADO, 2021) that, supported by the Promethean tradition (MARTINS, 2012), make the 'literary experience' reach the members as a fable: 'a way to read more and better'. Framing our object in the context of the technical-scientific-informational environment allowed us to analyze how the characteristics of this environment also permeate the construction of meaning of the 'literary experience'. We understand that sending the same book with the same design and with a magazine containing a step-by-step guide to enjoy the 'monthly experience' homogenizes the relationship of the members with the reading of the sent book and with the 'literary experience' itself. In this sense, we intend to demonstrate through the description of the October 2022 and February 2023 boxes that this 'experience' acts as a verticality to its members, imposing a reading rhythm (one book per month) and controlling their perceptions and interpretations of both the book's story and what the 'literary experience' is. Thus, we describe in this work how the objects that compose the box sent by TAG (MO) constitute what the 'literary experience' is (OM) and how the 'literary experience' (OM) organizes the objects that compose the box sent by TAG (MO)."
Estudo da influência da composição em materiais compósitos de polipropileno com fibras de vidro por pultrusão termoplástica nas propriedades mecânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-18)
Lima, Amanda Santos de
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2173334718153901
The objective of this work is to evaluate manufacture variations over thermoplastic composite materials of polypropylene reinforced with glass fibers (FV) regarding their tensile and flexural mechanical properties (PMs). The samples are produced by a partner company located in São Carlos - SP, Brazil, and manufacture variation are as described: geometry of the heated die (pin, MP, and waves, MO), the use and the position of the conformer (d = 0 of the heated die, upper part of the conformer at d = 0 and the lower part at a distance “d” and completely away at a distance “d”), pulling speed (7 and 15 m/min), fibers with different surfaces and different concentrations of maleic anhydride (MA). The results show that the crystallinity of the materials was influenced by geometry of the heated die (MP ~ 28% and MO = 39%). The position of the conformer was shown to influence the PMs and the crystallinity, which the material C2.O1122-CM, at position d = 0, had the lowest tensile (73 MPa) and flexural (67 MPa) values and the highest crystallinity value (~35%) within the sample of the group with conformer. Through the optical microscopy it shows that the conformer did not perform well on providing a cylindrical and uniform pellet. The variations of pulling speed showed that it influences crystallinity (C2.O115 ~ 34% and C2.O215 ~ 30%) but there is no difference in PMs. Through a multivariate analysis of the group of the samples with variation of FV and MA, it was possible to observe the influence of each variable on the PMs and verify that the best condition was achieved with an intermediate FV texture and lower concentration of MA with the sample C2.O212 (tensile ~ 91 MPa and flexural = 163 MPa).
Construção do CAPS infantojuvenil II no município de Bauru: articulações com o território
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Araújo, Deborah Placeres de
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-4770
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126568231409825
In the last decade, the national literature and the technical references available on the work in the Psychosocial Care Network have shown that, in addition to the creation of the service, the implementation of the integrated care model recommended by public health policies faces numerous theoretical and practical contradictions. In this sense, the question was how a children's and youth Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij), located in the municipality of Bauru could be organized. The methodological support of the study is based on historical and dialectical materialism. The choice of method followed scientific criteria, combined with a critical position on capitalist society and its expressions. To fully record a proposal for action in the aforementioned Unit, it was proposed to develop theoretical-conceptual research that used the available technical-scientific accumulation as its main source. Based on a review of the national literature on the subject, published in the last 10 years, the documentary survey on the trajectory of the CAPS. Based on the theory of social determination of the health-disease process, we sought to fully understand the functions of the service, highlighting the potential, limitations and challenges that constitute the struggle to build the SUS.
Ecossistema bibliográfico: orientações para sustentabilidade na catalogação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Caruzzo, Marina Bortolotti Biudes
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Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-9110
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7103098305422271
Cataloging finds in Information and Communication Technologies ways to enhance and modernize its practices, products, and services. Bibliographic data comes to be analyzed individually, while metadata structures them and are crucial for describing, organizing, identifying, and incorporating them into different environments. With this configuration, forms of cooperation and reuse of bibliographic data stand out, that is, actions that can contribute to sustainability by minimizing the excess production and lack of control of this data. The objective is to establish a sustainable proposal for cataloging, in the use and economy of bibliographic data. For this purpose, domain analysis was chosen as the method, which made it possible to verify the elements that compose the current bibliographic ecosystem and identify technological trends, collective patterns, and relationships that can contribute to the sustainability of bibliographic data. As a result, guidelines for sustainable cataloging are proposed, which were possible after reflecting on the elements of cataloging that contribute to the better use of bibliographic data, and curation is discussed as a process included in cataloging. Furthermore, it was possible to point out how the improvement of the bibliographic ecosystem can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, especially SDGs 4, 8, 11, 12, and 16, highlighted in the final considerations.
Educação CTS e competências socioemocionais: um estudo de caso em escola pública no interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Pereira, Victor Marques
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Oliveira, Letícia Dal Picolo Dal Secco de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7937554854987351
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8100
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Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
The teaching of socio-emotional skills has become increasingly relevant, both in order to enable healthier relationships and as a tool to prevent violence, both inside and outside the school environment. The literature shows that school violence stems partly from social conflicts which arise due to disrespect and discrimination, in which socio-emotional competence can therefore be a key element in tackling. However, some teaching-learning and school management gaps still exist for this teaching to become effective. Considering this scenario, the general objective of this research was to reflect on the contributions of STS education to the teaching and learning of socio-emotional skills by teachers. The specific objectives were: to identify elements of the environment and relationships between teachers and members of the school community that influence the teaching-learning process and to analyze the teachers' pedagogical repertoire for teaching socio-emotional competences, from the perspective of STS Education. For this research, a case study was carried out in a state primary school in a municipality within the state of São Paulo. Data was collected through interviews with the participants: teachers and members of the pedagogical coordination team. Using a qualitative research approach, the data collected was interpreted using the thematic analysis technique. The results indicated that the teachers did not have institutional support for the complementary pedagogical training needed to work with socio-emotional education, but they did have a certain repertoire related to the subject. The school had adequate infrastructure for the teaching-learning process and a good relationship between management and teachers, but faced challenges in teacher-parents and teacher-teacher relationships. In conclusion, STS education can contribute to the teaching of socio-emotional skills through democratic education and the establishment of dialogical relationships between students and teachers, can support the development of social skills, assertiveness and citizenship, as well as promoting a tripartite dialog between the STS field, education and psychology, fostering future interdisciplinary research in the area.
Fasciotomia em pacientes com Dupuytren, uma breve revisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Chiquillo, Sergio Fernando Lozano
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
This Undergraduate Thesis is part of the Educational Project of the Medicine Course at UFSCar and constitutes a brief account of my journey to graduation as a refugee student in Medicine. It also includes a concise review of Dupuytren's Disease, driven by my interest in my studies and complementary curricular activities during the final years of my undergraduate studies. The review highlights prevalent surgical procedures and the pathophysiology of the disease, emphasizing the formation of fibrous nodules in the palmar fascia due to abnormal fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen production. It further underscores that percutaneous fasciotomy has proven effective in treating advanced cases of Dupuytren's Disease. The ongoing advancement in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment options is crucial for enhancing outcomes and the quality of life for patients affected by this condition.
Produção e caracterização de ligas Al-(3, 5, 10)Mg-0,1Sc por solidificação direcional e refusão superficial a laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Nunes, Anderson Thadeu
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1038
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3680315285879991
The present study involved the investigation of the Al-3, -5, and -10% Mg-0.1% Sc alloys processed either by Directional Solidification (DS) or Laser Surface Remelting (LSR), as well as correlating the corresponding microstructures with mechanical properties and with solidification cooling rates. Due to the combination of low density, excellent mechanical properties, and adequate corrosion resistance, these alloys can be applied in different sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and microelectronics. Since the microstructure depends on the chemical composition and processing conditions, further studies regarding the solidification of these alloys are necessary. Cooling rate has a direct influence on the microstructural characteristics and phase morphology. Upward directional solidification enabled the analysis of microstructures with different cooling rates. The study of surfaces treated by laser helped deepen the laser treatment of these Al-Mg-Sc alloys, which are highly relevant to the industry currently. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, tensile properties, and hardness measurements. This study explores complementary solidification techniques, facilitating extensive mapping of microstructures relative to the solidification thermal parameters. Notably, upward directional solidification in Al-Mg-Sc alloys exhibited diverse microstructural features like cells and dendritic morphologies. The Al-5% Mg-0.1% Sc alloy displayed enhanced mechanical strength due to its refined cell microstructure. Laser surface remelting (LSR) enhanced alloy hardness and refined surface microstructure significantly, outperforming directional solidification (DS) by reducing cell spacing in approximately 20 times, thereby increasing Vickers hardness by 15-20% in Al-3% and -5% Mg(-Sc) samples.
A profissionalidade docente: vivências de professores do Instituto Federal do Acre - Campus Xapuri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Silva, Deimisson Gomes da
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Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-350X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5221773813652303
The present study aimed to investigate how teachers at the Federal Institute of Acre - Xapuri Campus understand teaching professionalism. The specific objectives were: to understand teachers' comprehension of teaching at the Federal Institute, its characteristics, and challenges; as well as teachers' experiences regarding professionalism, considering their statements about the profession. The research was based on Cultural-Historical Theory, focusing on Vygotsky's concept of "vivencia" (lived experience), and interviews were conducted with four teachers. The data indicated that teaching professionalism was related to various dimensions, such as: effectiveness of practice; social activism and transformation of subjects' reality; professional fulfillment; a more humanistic perspective and commitment to the scientific view of the world. Teaching at IF Xapuri Campus involved aspects such as: bureaucracy; excessive workload; education precarization; class relations; internalization process; and relationship with the local community, humanized and welcoming environment, as well as a sense of belonging to the context. The experiences highlighted by the teachers encompassed: sensitivity in work relationships and aesthetic experience of the world, where being in the profession is as important as doing. It is observed that teaching professionalism is seen as strongly marked by a sense of social responsibility towards students and the community, in providing them with the necessary conditions to develop as individuals and as professionals committed to transforming themselves and their environment. The studies have also pointed out that teaching professionalism involves subjective and objective issues, such as personal experiences and motivations, ways of acting, and working environment conditions, changing along with society as it is a social construction.
Greg News: estratégias humorísticas utilizadas na eleição presidencial brasileira de 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Souza, Sônia Maria Reis de
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Adamatti, Margarida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2629005451704968
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-0633
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4150140808013832
This research carries out an audiovisual and discursive analysis of Greg News (2017-2024) focusing on the program's political positioning in the context that precedes the 2018 presidential election in Brazil, marked by the rise of the extreme right. Relying on an editorial line that announces itself as leftist and, therefore, contrary to the reactionaryism revealed in the country, especially over the last decade, the program produced by HBO Brazil and presented by Gregorio Duvivier has a hybrid format between opinion journalism and humor: information and the judgment about current facts in the political universe are combined with the use of humor as a critical resource. Starting from the hypothesis that Greg News cannot be considered an effective left-wing political satire, since, as part of the liberal media, the program does not confront certain instances of neoliberalism, the general objective of this dissertation is to carry out an audiovisual analysis of the program in seeks to demarcate its position in relation to the context that precedes the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections, taking into account the position of the pre-candidates, as well as the respective economic and social policies aligned with them. The specific objectives are: (1) define the lineages and genera into which the program fits; (2) identify your humor strategies; (3) analyze the impacts of the program on the political scenario and the impacts of the political context on the program. Four representative episodes of the program were selected for analysis, which are located in the context that precedes this electoral process. The methodology adopted to analyze the episodes is based on audiovisual analysis, based mainly on Jacques Aumont et al. (2001), and in the categories of discourse analysis applied to audiovisual, taking Foucault (2008) and Orlandi (2009) as the main theoretical apparatus. In addition to the historical reconstruction of humor in Brazilian audiovisual, canonical references on humor were also mobilized, in theoretical terms, such as Bergson (2014), Minois (2003), Freud (2017) and Raskin (1985), among others, and on democracy and politics, in particular Bobbio (2006, 2000) and Foucault (2012, 2010, 1999). Articulating core audiovisual issues – humor, entertainment, journalism, politics, public sphere, engagement and digital activism –, the dissertation is structured into three chapters that deal sequentially with the following subjects: the professional trajectory and political engagement of Gregorio Duvivier, the aspects that characterize the program and its backstage; the humor strategies used in Greg News; analysis of selected episodes.
Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE): o papel dos agentes implementadores e as dinâmicas locais na aquisição de alimentos orgânicos e agroecológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Teixeira, Keilla de Cássia
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
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Grigoletto, Fábio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2398917544592259
Este estudio analiza la implementación del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE), con foco en la adquisición de alimentos orgánicos y agroecológicos, considerando las acciones de los agentes implementadores y las dinámicas institucionales involucradas. A través de una investigación realizada in situ, con los responsables de cada área federativa de Pouso Alegre, municipio ubicado en la región sur de Minas Gerais, examinamos la contribución de los actores locales en la ejecución del PNAE. Utilizando el enfoque de burocracia a nivel de calle, propuesto por Lipsky (2019), la investigación busca identificar y comprender el espacio de discrecionalidad de estos agentes en la ejecución del programa y la relación entre sus acciones y la compra de alimentos orgánicos y/o agroecológicos en el alcance del PNAE
A Dança e as Leis do Movimento: uma proposta para o ensino de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Pantano Filho, Rubens
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Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4181
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3253980429514948
In the context of reflections on the teaching of Physics in High School (HS), this dissertation contemplates an educational product that consists of a set of proposals for teaching concepts related to basic Mechanics and the laws associated with them, using Art – particularly Dance – as a support point and motivational element. Thus, we seek to bring together these two areas of knowledge inserted in two fields of knowledge that – apparently – do not present intersections or even approximations. In this way, Science – Physics in particular – is also treated as an element of the broad spectrum of culture, just as other human activities are traditionally considered as such: literature, music, fashion, gastronomy, religion, sport, customs, politics, among others. The work developed presents the studies of João Zanetic as its theoretical reference, from the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Luís Paulo Piassi, also from the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Glen Aikenhead, from the University of Saskatchewan (Canada) and Maria Eduarda Vaz Moniz dos Santos, from the University of Lisbon (Portugal). The proposals if this study include videos of folk, classical, ballroom, contemporary and/or competition dances, as well as images of dancers at specific moments of their performances, all appropriate as elements for discussing some themes of Classical Mechanics. Thus, we develop activities that bring Physics and Dance together and involve the typical physical concepts inherent to the study of movements: reference, displacement, speed, acceleration, force, energy and its conservation, torque and balance. The educational product was applied to three first-year classes of three Technical Courses (Electroelectronics, Computing and Mechanics) Integrated into High School at a federal educational institution in the city of Bragança Paulista, SP. In the activities carried out throughout an academic year, it is possible to observe a good motivation of the students involved in dealing with the topics. Furthermore, the respective evaluation processes also demonstrated an appropriate understanding of the concepts worked on in the application of the product.
Grafos de grupos e grupos de Baumslag-Solitar generalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Tegon, Fernanda
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-838X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1894415376447690
This dissertation is an introduction to Bass-Serre theory. In low-dimensional topology the use of algebraic strategies is quite common and a very useful tool. In this context, the study of geometric group theory incorporates the main results. Within geometric group theory, Bass-Serre theory is one of the most successful theories developed in low-dimensional topology. In this study, we present the concept of graph of groups, which is strongly related to with the fundamental group of spaces. We study coverings trees, also known as Bass-Serre tree, which are related to coverings of topological spaces and we finish by studying the case of graph of groups where all the groups are infinite cyclic. The groups associated to these graph of groups are called generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups. We finish with a simplification theorem for group graphs in this case.
Diferença da complacência intracraniana entre homens e mulheres após inclinação negativa da cabeça em indivíduos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Michaliski, Eloisa Soares
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Zambetta, Rafaella Mendes
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-9337
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-9337
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Russo, Thiago Luiz de
The NASA has resumed space explorations after half a century, with the crewed mission to Mars being the longest to date. Medical studies aim to improve the travel conditions for selected astronauts, considering that space travel affects vital systems in the human body. Alterations in the central nervous system and visual impairments have been reported, with differences between sexes. Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is a relevant concern during space travel, as the absence of Earth’s gravity increases ICP and intracranial volume, impacting vision, balance, motor coordination, memory, and reasoning. Monitoring ICP is essential to assess human adaptation during space travel, considering these differences. Objective: To identify whether there is a difference in PIC morphology (P2/P1 ratio) between men and women at rest in the supine position and after head-down tilt at -6°. Methodology: 42 healthy and active individuals of both sexes, aged 25 to 45 years, who met eligibility criteria, were included. Blood tests and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing were performed, followed by non-invasive PIC monitoring in three positions: pre-tilt, tilt, and post-tilt. Statistical analysis: Normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and homogeneity (Levene) tests were applied. The Friedman test was used to verify differences in the P2/P1 PIC ratio among supine, -6° tilt, and post-tilt positions, as well as differences between sexes during all three positions. A significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95% were considered for all analyses. Results: In this study, the initial hypothesis that both groups would have an increased P2/P1 ratio after -6° tilt was confirmed, although in different magnitudes. The significant difference in PIC waveform morphology occurred in the male group, observed both in the pre-tilt (p=0.038) and post-tilt (p=0.038) moments, contrary to initial expectations (Figure 3). Additionally, when comparing both groups, the tilt moment did not show significant differences (p=0.292). Conclusion: No significant differences were found within the female (p=1.000) and male (p=1.000) groups, but the comparison between female and male groups during the supine position and post-tilt at -6° revealed a surprising significant difference in PIC waveform morphology in the male group.
O lugar da mulher negra na cidade: da marginalização ao encarceramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Costa, Micaela Rodrigues da
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Carril, Lourdes de Fátima Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328730975862213
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-6880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4664484561556006
The mass incarceration of women is a pressing concern of our time, disproportionately affecting Black women. This study aims to analyze and contextualize the living conditions of Black women in the city. To achieve this, we interviewed two Black women and one white woman from the eastern zone of São Paulo, shedding light on the debate surrounding Brazil's structural racism, of which incarceration is one manifestation. Through a materialist and dialectical historical analysis, we seek to understand the dynamics that permeate female incarceration while also sharing the life stories of these women.
Abordagem metabolômica para a caracterização de diferentes tipos de doenças hepáticas colestáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Oliveira, Juliana Magalhães de
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Cançado, Eduardo Luiz Rachid
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1244368134480808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
Hepatic cholestasis is characterized by the reduction and/or obstruction of bile flow to the duodenum due to hepatocyte dysfunction during the synthesis or secretion of bile, leading to a cycle of pathological consequences. One type of cholestatic liver disease is Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), a recessive autosomal hereditary disease that affects the liver’s secretion, flow, or excretion of bile salts. This can lead to increased hepatotoxicity due to high concentrations of bile salts, causing liver damage. Late diagnosis of PFIC3 is common as it can only be unequivocally diagnosed through genetic tests. Therefore, alternative diagnostic methods that allow rapid diagnosis through blood or urine are attractive and necessary. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) and Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases triggered by a genetic predisposition. In PBC, inflammation occurs in the intrahepatic bile ducts, while in PSC, inflammation occurs in the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, which can damage liver cells and cause progressive fibrosis deposition. PBC and PSC, if not treated, can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. In Brazil, around 58.6% of patients with PSC have inflammatory bowel disease and are at risk of developing colorectal cancer. Chapter I aimed to understand better the pathological mechanisms underlying PBC through untargeted metabolomics analyses on plasma and urine samples from individuals diagnosed with PBC (n=30) and a control group of healthy individuals (HC; n=20). For this, liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used, and the data were processed using multi- and univariate statistical methods. The results showed that 47 plasma metabolites and 46 urine metabolites showed statistically significant differences between PBC and the control group (HC) (p ≤ 0.05). The most important changes were observed in metabolites related to lipid metabolism, such as bile acids, phospholipids, fatty acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These findings indicated a metabolic profile that may aid in identifying new and potential biomarkers and monitoring PBC already being treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Chapter II aimed to perform metabolic discrimination between the different types of cholestasis (PBC, PSC, and PFIC3) in plasma and urine samples from patients undergoing treatment with UDCA. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on LC-HRMS analyses, 134 plasma metabolites, out of which 92 were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.05). Among these, 43 lipid species (bile acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and carnitines) were detected, in addition to 30 amino acids, and 7 carbohydrates. Considering the urine samples, 76 metabolites were identified, of which 50 were considered statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.05). The main classes of metabolites discriminating between the different hepatic cholestasis included lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. These results can help distinguish between cholestatic liver diseases, contributing to more accurate diagnoses and promoting personalized medicine. In this way, the identification of these metabolites not only improves the understanding of biochemical alterations correlated with cholestatic liver diseases but also promotes new opportunities in the search for more effective and individualized treatments.
Eficientes modelos de múltiplas densidades para o aprendizado em grandes conjuntos e fluxo de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Batista, Natanael Fabrício Dacioli
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Naldi, Murilo Coelho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-8236
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9165030197419025
Unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning prove highly beneficial in data-intensive contexts. Density-based hierarchical clustering offers a comprehensive insight into cluster and outlier structures within datasets through density functions. These algorithms establish a hierarchy derived from a minimal spanning tree, where the edges represent the maximum density required for connected data to delineate clusters, contingent upon a minimum object count, denoted as MinPts, within a given neighborhood. CORE-SG, an advanced spanning graph, efficiently generates multiple hierarchical solutions with varying densities, surpassing its predecessors in computational performance. Nonetheless, density-based algorithms necessitate pairwise similarity calculations, resulting in an asymptotic complexity of O(n^2) for datasets containing n objects, rendering them impractical for scenarios involving extensive data volumes. This study introduces hierarchical machine learning models based on density, aiming to alleviate computational costs with the help of Data Bubbles, focusing on clustering and outlier detection. It examines the impact of data summarization on the quality of unsupervised models with multiple densities and the gain in computational performance. The research ensures scalability across various machine learning methods grounded in these models, facilitating the handling of massive data volumes without a significant loss in the resulting quality. We propose the application of the multiple hierarchies method with Data Bubbles in density-based clustering models in data streams. We provide scalability for several machine learning methods based on these models where data is infinite and needs to be processed in real time, in addition to generating better clustering quality.
Desenvolvimento de novos aços inoxidáveis lean - propriedades mecânicas e tribológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
Silva, Rinara Gregório
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Labiapari, Willian da Silva
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1139
Carbon steels are attractive materials given their low cost and satisfactory mechanical strength for various engineering applications. The low price of carbon steel is ascribed to the reduced content of alloying elements, such as Cr, but with the expense of the corrosion resistance. Stainless steels, in turn, combine high mechanical and corrosion resistances, this latter assured by the higher Cr levels, normally above 10.5 wt%. A large compositional region of steels containing Cr in the range between 6 and 11 wt% is still little explored. These Cr-lean steels promise as competitive alternatives for applications in presence of aqueous medium, whose aggressiveness is low for traditional stainless steels, but high for carbon steels. Thus, this project aims to produce and to evaluate the mechanical and wear resistances of steels with low carbon content (< 200 ppm) and chromium varying between 6 and 11%. The steels were produced in a vacuum induction furnace at the Materials Engineering Department at UFSCar and rolled, annealed, and pickled at Aperam, in Timóteo – MG. The alloys were characterized in terms of chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties in tensile tests. Wear resistance under annealed and tempered conditions was assessed through the microsclerometry and dry sand in a rubber wheel. The results showed that the mechanical strength increases with the increase of the chromium content for the annealed condition. On the other hand, in the quenched condition similar properties for all alloys was observed regardless of the Cr content, ~1GPa of tensile strength and a hardness of ~270 HV. The abrasive wear tests showed that the quenched condition has higher resistance, and the predominant wear mechanism was micro-grooving. From this work results we conclude that the martensitic microstructure is not so fragile, it is strong, hard, more resistant to abrasive wear and we can remove the chromium while maintaining the same mechanical strength level for lean alloys.