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Construção do CAPS infantojuvenil II no município de Bauru: articulações com o território
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Araújo, Deborah Placeres de
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-4770
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126568231409825
In the last decade, the national literature and the technical references available on the work in the Psychosocial Care Network have shown that, in addition to the creation of the service, the implementation of the integrated care model recommended by public health policies faces numerous theoretical and practical contradictions. In this sense, the question was how a children's and youth Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSij), located in the municipality of Bauru could be organized. The methodological support of the study is based on historical and dialectical materialism. The choice of method followed scientific criteria, combined with a critical position on capitalist society and its expressions. To fully record a proposal for action in the aforementioned Unit, it was proposed to develop theoretical-conceptual research that used the available technical-scientific accumulation as its main source. Based on a review of the national literature on the subject, published in the last 10 years, the documentary survey on the trajectory of the CAPS. Based on the theory of social determination of the health-disease process, we sought to fully understand the functions of the service, highlighting the potential, limitations and challenges that constitute the struggle to build the SUS.
Ecossistema bibliográfico: orientações para sustentabilidade na catalogação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Caruzzo, Marina Bortolotti Biudes
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Arakaki, Ana Carolina Simionato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-9110
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7103098305422271
Cataloging finds in Information and Communication Technologies ways to enhance and modernize its practices, products, and services. Bibliographic data comes to be analyzed individually, while metadata structures them and are crucial for describing, organizing, identifying, and incorporating them into different environments. With this configuration, forms of cooperation and reuse of bibliographic data stand out, that is, actions that can contribute to sustainability by minimizing the excess production and lack of control of this data. The objective is to establish a sustainable proposal for cataloging, in the use and economy of bibliographic data. For this purpose, domain analysis was chosen as the method, which made it possible to verify the elements that compose the current bibliographic ecosystem and identify technological trends, collective patterns, and relationships that can contribute to the sustainability of bibliographic data. As a result, guidelines for sustainable cataloging are proposed, which were possible after reflecting on the elements of cataloging that contribute to the better use of bibliographic data, and curation is discussed as a process included in cataloging. Furthermore, it was possible to point out how the improvement of the bibliographic ecosystem can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, especially SDGs 4, 8, 11, 12, and 16, highlighted in the final considerations.
Educação CTS e competências socioemocionais: um estudo de caso em escola pública no interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Pereira, Victor Marques
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Oliveira, Letícia Dal Picolo Dal Secco de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7937554854987351
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8100
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Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
The teaching of socio-emotional skills has become increasingly relevant, both in order to enable healthier relationships and as a tool to prevent violence, both inside and outside the school environment. The literature shows that school violence stems partly from social conflicts which arise due to disrespect and discrimination, in which socio-emotional competence can therefore be a key element in tackling. However, some teaching-learning and school management gaps still exist for this teaching to become effective. Considering this scenario, the general objective of this research was to reflect on the contributions of STS education to the teaching and learning of socio-emotional skills by teachers. The specific objectives were: to identify elements of the environment and relationships between teachers and members of the school community that influence the teaching-learning process and to analyze the teachers' pedagogical repertoire for teaching socio-emotional competences, from the perspective of STS Education. For this research, a case study was carried out in a state primary school in a municipality within the state of São Paulo. Data was collected through interviews with the participants: teachers and members of the pedagogical coordination team. Using a qualitative research approach, the data collected was interpreted using the thematic analysis technique. The results indicated that the teachers did not have institutional support for the complementary pedagogical training needed to work with socio-emotional education, but they did have a certain repertoire related to the subject. The school had adequate infrastructure for the teaching-learning process and a good relationship between management and teachers, but faced challenges in teacher-parents and teacher-teacher relationships. In conclusion, STS education can contribute to the teaching of socio-emotional skills through democratic education and the establishment of dialogical relationships between students and teachers, can support the development of social skills, assertiveness and citizenship, as well as promoting a tripartite dialog between the STS field, education and psychology, fostering future interdisciplinary research in the area.
Fasciotomia em pacientes com Dupuytren, uma breve revisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-19)
Chiquillo, Sergio Fernando Lozano
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Adler, Ubiratan Cardinalli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7366046180927920
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8347
This Undergraduate Thesis is part of the Educational Project of the Medicine Course at UFSCar and constitutes a brief account of my journey to graduation as a refugee student in Medicine. It also includes a concise review of Dupuytren's Disease, driven by my interest in my studies and complementary curricular activities during the final years of my undergraduate studies. The review highlights prevalent surgical procedures and the pathophysiology of the disease, emphasizing the formation of fibrous nodules in the palmar fascia due to abnormal fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen production. It further underscores that percutaneous fasciotomy has proven effective in treating advanced cases of Dupuytren's Disease. The ongoing advancement in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment options is crucial for enhancing outcomes and the quality of life for patients affected by this condition.
Produção e caracterização de ligas Al-(3, 5, 10)Mg-0,1Sc por solidificação direcional e refusão superficial a laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Nunes, Anderson Thadeu
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1038
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3680315285879991
The present study involved the investigation of the Al-3, -5, and -10% Mg-0.1% Sc alloys processed either by Directional Solidification (DS) or Laser Surface Remelting (LSR), as well as correlating the corresponding microstructures with mechanical properties and with solidification cooling rates. Due to the combination of low density, excellent mechanical properties, and adequate corrosion resistance, these alloys can be applied in different sectors such as aerospace, automotive, and microelectronics. Since the microstructure depends on the chemical composition and processing conditions, further studies regarding the solidification of these alloys are necessary. Cooling rate has a direct influence on the microstructural characteristics and phase morphology. Upward directional solidification enabled the analysis of microstructures with different cooling rates. The study of surfaces treated by laser helped deepen the laser treatment of these Al-Mg-Sc alloys, which are highly relevant to the industry currently. The alloys were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, tensile properties, and hardness measurements. This study explores complementary solidification techniques, facilitating extensive mapping of microstructures relative to the solidification thermal parameters. Notably, upward directional solidification in Al-Mg-Sc alloys exhibited diverse microstructural features like cells and dendritic morphologies. The Al-5% Mg-0.1% Sc alloy displayed enhanced mechanical strength due to its refined cell microstructure. Laser surface remelting (LSR) enhanced alloy hardness and refined surface microstructure significantly, outperforming directional solidification (DS) by reducing cell spacing in approximately 20 times, thereby increasing Vickers hardness by 15-20% in Al-3% and -5% Mg(-Sc) samples.
A profissionalidade docente: vivências de professores do Instituto Federal do Acre - Campus Xapuri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Silva, Deimisson Gomes da
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Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-350X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5221773813652303
The present study aimed to investigate how teachers at the Federal Institute of Acre - Xapuri Campus understand teaching professionalism. The specific objectives were: to understand teachers' comprehension of teaching at the Federal Institute, its characteristics, and challenges; as well as teachers' experiences regarding professionalism, considering their statements about the profession. The research was based on Cultural-Historical Theory, focusing on Vygotsky's concept of "vivencia" (lived experience), and interviews were conducted with four teachers. The data indicated that teaching professionalism was related to various dimensions, such as: effectiveness of practice; social activism and transformation of subjects' reality; professional fulfillment; a more humanistic perspective and commitment to the scientific view of the world. Teaching at IF Xapuri Campus involved aspects such as: bureaucracy; excessive workload; education precarization; class relations; internalization process; and relationship with the local community, humanized and welcoming environment, as well as a sense of belonging to the context. The experiences highlighted by the teachers encompassed: sensitivity in work relationships and aesthetic experience of the world, where being in the profession is as important as doing. It is observed that teaching professionalism is seen as strongly marked by a sense of social responsibility towards students and the community, in providing them with the necessary conditions to develop as individuals and as professionals committed to transforming themselves and their environment. The studies have also pointed out that teaching professionalism involves subjective and objective issues, such as personal experiences and motivations, ways of acting, and working environment conditions, changing along with society as it is a social construction.
Greg News: estratégias humorísticas utilizadas na eleição presidencial brasileira de 2018
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Souza, Sônia Maria Reis de
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Adamatti, Margarida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2629005451704968
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-0633
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4150140808013832
This research carries out an audiovisual and discursive analysis of Greg News (2017-2024) focusing on the program's political positioning in the context that precedes the 2018 presidential election in Brazil, marked by the rise of the extreme right. Relying on an editorial line that announces itself as leftist and, therefore, contrary to the reactionaryism revealed in the country, especially over the last decade, the program produced by HBO Brazil and presented by Gregorio Duvivier has a hybrid format between opinion journalism and humor: information and the judgment about current facts in the political universe are combined with the use of humor as a critical resource. Starting from the hypothesis that Greg News cannot be considered an effective left-wing political satire, since, as part of the liberal media, the program does not confront certain instances of neoliberalism, the general objective of this dissertation is to carry out an audiovisual analysis of the program in seeks to demarcate its position in relation to the context that precedes the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections, taking into account the position of the pre-candidates, as well as the respective economic and social policies aligned with them. The specific objectives are: (1) define the lineages and genera into which the program fits; (2) identify your humor strategies; (3) analyze the impacts of the program on the political scenario and the impacts of the political context on the program. Four representative episodes of the program were selected for analysis, which are located in the context that precedes this electoral process. The methodology adopted to analyze the episodes is based on audiovisual analysis, based mainly on Jacques Aumont et al. (2001), and in the categories of discourse analysis applied to audiovisual, taking Foucault (2008) and Orlandi (2009) as the main theoretical apparatus. In addition to the historical reconstruction of humor in Brazilian audiovisual, canonical references on humor were also mobilized, in theoretical terms, such as Bergson (2014), Minois (2003), Freud (2017) and Raskin (1985), among others, and on democracy and politics, in particular Bobbio (2006, 2000) and Foucault (2012, 2010, 1999). Articulating core audiovisual issues – humor, entertainment, journalism, politics, public sphere, engagement and digital activism –, the dissertation is structured into three chapters that deal sequentially with the following subjects: the professional trajectory and political engagement of Gregorio Duvivier, the aspects that characterize the program and its backstage; the humor strategies used in Greg News; analysis of selected episodes.
Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE): o papel dos agentes implementadores e as dinâmicas locais na aquisição de alimentos orgânicos e agroecológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-22)
Teixeira, Keilla de Cássia
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Borsatto, Ricardo Serra
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Grigoletto, Fábio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5988987575101933
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2398917544592259
Este estudio analiza la implementación del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE), con foco en la adquisición de alimentos orgánicos y agroecológicos, considerando las acciones de los agentes implementadores y las dinámicas institucionales involucradas. A través de una investigación realizada in situ, con los responsables de cada área federativa de Pouso Alegre, municipio ubicado en la región sur de Minas Gerais, examinamos la contribución de los actores locales en la ejecución del PNAE. Utilizando el enfoque de burocracia a nivel de calle, propuesto por Lipsky (2019), la investigación busca identificar y comprender el espacio de discrecionalidad de estos agentes en la ejecución del programa y la relación entre sus acciones y la compra de alimentos orgánicos y/o agroecológicos en el alcance del PNAE
A Dança e as Leis do Movimento: uma proposta para o ensino de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Pantano Filho, Rubens
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Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4181
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3253980429514948
In the context of reflections on the teaching of Physics in High School (HS), this dissertation contemplates an educational product that consists of a set of proposals for teaching concepts related to basic Mechanics and the laws associated with them, using Art – particularly Dance – as a support point and motivational element. Thus, we seek to bring together these two areas of knowledge inserted in two fields of knowledge that – apparently – do not present intersections or even approximations. In this way, Science – Physics in particular – is also treated as an element of the broad spectrum of culture, just as other human activities are traditionally considered as such: literature, music, fashion, gastronomy, religion, sport, customs, politics, among others. The work developed presents the studies of João Zanetic as its theoretical reference, from the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Luís Paulo Piassi, also from the University of São Paulo (Brazil), Glen Aikenhead, from the University of Saskatchewan (Canada) and Maria Eduarda Vaz Moniz dos Santos, from the University of Lisbon (Portugal). The proposals if this study include videos of folk, classical, ballroom, contemporary and/or competition dances, as well as images of dancers at specific moments of their performances, all appropriate as elements for discussing some themes of Classical Mechanics. Thus, we develop activities that bring Physics and Dance together and involve the typical physical concepts inherent to the study of movements: reference, displacement, speed, acceleration, force, energy and its conservation, torque and balance. The educational product was applied to three first-year classes of three Technical Courses (Electroelectronics, Computing and Mechanics) Integrated into High School at a federal educational institution in the city of Bragança Paulista, SP. In the activities carried out throughout an academic year, it is possible to observe a good motivation of the students involved in dealing with the topics. Furthermore, the respective evaluation processes also demonstrated an appropriate understanding of the concepts worked on in the application of the product.
Grafos de grupos e grupos de Baumslag-Solitar generalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Tegon, Fernanda
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9311-838X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1894415376447690
This dissertation is an introduction to Bass-Serre theory. In low-dimensional topology the use of algebraic strategies is quite common and a very useful tool. In this context, the study of geometric group theory incorporates the main results. Within geometric group theory, Bass-Serre theory is one of the most successful theories developed in low-dimensional topology. In this study, we present the concept of graph of groups, which is strongly related to with the fundamental group of spaces. We study coverings trees, also known as Bass-Serre tree, which are related to coverings of topological spaces and we finish by studying the case of graph of groups where all the groups are infinite cyclic. The groups associated to these graph of groups are called generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups. We finish with a simplification theorem for group graphs in this case.
Diferença da complacência intracraniana entre homens e mulheres após inclinação negativa da cabeça em indivíduos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Michaliski, Eloisa Soares
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Zambetta, Rafaella Mendes
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-9337
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6533-9337
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Russo, Thiago Luiz de
The NASA has resumed space explorations after half a century, with the crewed mission to Mars being the longest to date. Medical studies aim to improve the travel conditions for selected astronauts, considering that space travel affects vital systems in the human body. Alterations in the central nervous system and visual impairments have been reported, with differences between sexes. Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is a relevant concern during space travel, as the absence of Earth’s gravity increases ICP and intracranial volume, impacting vision, balance, motor coordination, memory, and reasoning. Monitoring ICP is essential to assess human adaptation during space travel, considering these differences. Objective: To identify whether there is a difference in PIC morphology (P2/P1 ratio) between men and women at rest in the supine position and after head-down tilt at -6°. Methodology: 42 healthy and active individuals of both sexes, aged 25 to 45 years, who met eligibility criteria, were included. Blood tests and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing were performed, followed by non-invasive PIC monitoring in three positions: pre-tilt, tilt, and post-tilt. Statistical analysis: Normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and homogeneity (Levene) tests were applied. The Friedman test was used to verify differences in the P2/P1 PIC ratio among supine, -6° tilt, and post-tilt positions, as well as differences between sexes during all three positions. A significance level of 5% and a confidence interval of 95% were considered for all analyses. Results: In this study, the initial hypothesis that both groups would have an increased P2/P1 ratio after -6° tilt was confirmed, although in different magnitudes. The significant difference in PIC waveform morphology occurred in the male group, observed both in the pre-tilt (p=0.038) and post-tilt (p=0.038) moments, contrary to initial expectations (Figure 3). Additionally, when comparing both groups, the tilt moment did not show significant differences (p=0.292). Conclusion: No significant differences were found within the female (p=1.000) and male (p=1.000) groups, but the comparison between female and male groups during the supine position and post-tilt at -6° revealed a surprising significant difference in PIC waveform morphology in the male group.
O lugar da mulher negra na cidade: da marginalização ao encarceramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Costa, Micaela Rodrigues da
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Carril, Lourdes de Fátima Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328730975862213
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-6880
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4664484561556006
The mass incarceration of women is a pressing concern of our time, disproportionately affecting Black women. This study aims to analyze and contextualize the living conditions of Black women in the city. To achieve this, we interviewed two Black women and one white woman from the eastern zone of São Paulo, shedding light on the debate surrounding Brazil's structural racism, of which incarceration is one manifestation. Through a materialist and dialectical historical analysis, we seek to understand the dynamics that permeate female incarceration while also sharing the life stories of these women.
Abordagem metabolômica para a caracterização de diferentes tipos de doenças hepáticas colestáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Oliveira, Juliana Magalhães de
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Cançado, Eduardo Luiz Rachid
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Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1244368134480808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
Hepatic cholestasis is characterized by the reduction and/or obstruction of bile flow to the duodenum due to hepatocyte dysfunction during the synthesis or secretion of bile, leading to a cycle of pathological consequences. One type of cholestatic liver disease is Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), a recessive autosomal hereditary disease that affects the liver’s secretion, flow, or excretion of bile salts. This can lead to increased hepatotoxicity due to high concentrations of bile salts, causing liver damage. Late diagnosis of PFIC3 is common as it can only be unequivocally diagnosed through genetic tests. Therefore, alternative diagnostic methods that allow rapid diagnosis through blood or urine are attractive and necessary. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) and Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases triggered by a genetic predisposition. In PBC, inflammation occurs in the intrahepatic bile ducts, while in PSC, inflammation occurs in the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, which can damage liver cells and cause progressive fibrosis deposition. PBC and PSC, if not treated, can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. In Brazil, around 58.6% of patients with PSC have inflammatory bowel disease and are at risk of developing colorectal cancer. Chapter I aimed to understand better the pathological mechanisms underlying PBC through untargeted metabolomics analyses on plasma and urine samples from individuals diagnosed with PBC (n=30) and a control group of healthy individuals (HC; n=20). For this, liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used, and the data were processed using multi- and univariate statistical methods. The results showed that 47 plasma metabolites and 46 urine metabolites showed statistically significant differences between PBC and the control group (HC) (p ≤ 0.05). The most important changes were observed in metabolites related to lipid metabolism, such as bile acids, phospholipids, fatty acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These findings indicated a metabolic profile that may aid in identifying new and potential biomarkers and monitoring PBC already being treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Chapter II aimed to perform metabolic discrimination between the different types of cholestasis (PBC, PSC, and PFIC3) in plasma and urine samples from patients undergoing treatment with UDCA. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on LC-HRMS analyses, 134 plasma metabolites, out of which 92 were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.05). Among these, 43 lipid species (bile acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and carnitines) were detected, in addition to 30 amino acids, and 7 carbohydrates. Considering the urine samples, 76 metabolites were identified, of which 50 were considered statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 and q ≤ 0.05). The main classes of metabolites discriminating between the different hepatic cholestasis included lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. These results can help distinguish between cholestatic liver diseases, contributing to more accurate diagnoses and promoting personalized medicine. In this way, the identification of these metabolites not only improves the understanding of biochemical alterations correlated with cholestatic liver diseases but also promotes new opportunities in the search for more effective and individualized treatments.
Eficientes modelos de múltiplas densidades para o aprendizado em grandes conjuntos e fluxo de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-23)
Batista, Natanael Fabrício Dacioli
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Naldi, Murilo Coelho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-8236
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9165030197419025
Unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning prove highly beneficial in data-intensive contexts. Density-based hierarchical clustering offers a comprehensive insight into cluster and outlier structures within datasets through density functions. These algorithms establish a hierarchy derived from a minimal spanning tree, where the edges represent the maximum density required for connected data to delineate clusters, contingent upon a minimum object count, denoted as MinPts, within a given neighborhood. CORE-SG, an advanced spanning graph, efficiently generates multiple hierarchical solutions with varying densities, surpassing its predecessors in computational performance. Nonetheless, density-based algorithms necessitate pairwise similarity calculations, resulting in an asymptotic complexity of O(n^2) for datasets containing n objects, rendering them impractical for scenarios involving extensive data volumes. This study introduces hierarchical machine learning models based on density, aiming to alleviate computational costs with the help of Data Bubbles, focusing on clustering and outlier detection. It examines the impact of data summarization on the quality of unsupervised models with multiple densities and the gain in computational performance. The research ensures scalability across various machine learning methods grounded in these models, facilitating the handling of massive data volumes without a significant loss in the resulting quality. We propose the application of the multiple hierarchies method with Data Bubbles in density-based clustering models in data streams. We provide scalability for several machine learning methods based on these models where data is infinite and needs to be processed in real time, in addition to generating better clustering quality.
Desenvolvimento de novos aços inoxidáveis lean - propriedades mecânicas e tribológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
Silva, Rinara Gregório
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Labiapari, Willian da Silva
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Koga, Guilherme Yuuki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0933095081175012
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1139
Carbon steels are attractive materials given their low cost and satisfactory mechanical strength for various engineering applications. The low price of carbon steel is ascribed to the reduced content of alloying elements, such as Cr, but with the expense of the corrosion resistance. Stainless steels, in turn, combine high mechanical and corrosion resistances, this latter assured by the higher Cr levels, normally above 10.5 wt%. A large compositional region of steels containing Cr in the range between 6 and 11 wt% is still little explored. These Cr-lean steels promise as competitive alternatives for applications in presence of aqueous medium, whose aggressiveness is low for traditional stainless steels, but high for carbon steels. Thus, this project aims to produce and to evaluate the mechanical and wear resistances of steels with low carbon content (< 200 ppm) and chromium varying between 6 and 11%. The steels were produced in a vacuum induction furnace at the Materials Engineering Department at UFSCar and rolled, annealed, and pickled at Aperam, in Timóteo – MG. The alloys were characterized in terms of chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties in tensile tests. Wear resistance under annealed and tempered conditions was assessed through the microsclerometry and dry sand in a rubber wheel. The results showed that the mechanical strength increases with the increase of the chromium content for the annealed condition. On the other hand, in the quenched condition similar properties for all alloys was observed regardless of the Cr content, ~1GPa of tensile strength and a hardness of ~270 HV. The abrasive wear tests showed that the quenched condition has higher resistance, and the predominant wear mechanism was micro-grooving. From this work results we conclude that the martensitic microstructure is not so fragile, it is strong, hard, more resistant to abrasive wear and we can remove the chromium while maintaining the same mechanical strength level for lean alloys.
Coexistência e conflitos humano-fauna: percepções da comunidade do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (SP, São Paulo)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
Thomaz, Clarice
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Silva, Rosana Louro Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2635824351245453
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5787-2331
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9137687470091897
Human-wildlife relations can be characterized as interactions that can generate positive or negative impacts on wildlife, people, or both. When positive impacts reach both sides of the interaction, cohabitation is established. However, given the complex reality of human relations with wildlife, coexistence is not always achievable. When negative impacts affect both, human-wildlife conflict arises. These conflicts can be managed by seeking to improve the relationship between people and animals, significantly reducing negative impacts, and striving to establish coexistence. In this sense, environmental education can make important contributions by fostering an alignment between concepts, values, and forms of participation on the subject. This investigation aimed to understand elements indicating the community's perspective (staff and visitors) regarding conflicts and coexistence in Jaraguá State Park. To achieve this, we used data from semi-structured interviews, a mixed questionnaire, and Walking Ethnography. We also analyzed conflicts in the region based on wildlife incidents data provided by an institution that assists wildlife in the municipality. The results reveal conflicts primarily related to feeding animals in the Park and the presence of domestic animals in the area. Several actions, mainly educational, were identified as contributing to conflict management toward coexistence. Wildlife incident data align with the community's perception, indicating primates as one of the groups most involved in incidents, especially marmosets and capuchin monkeys. We understand the need for this management to be collaborative and dialogical, considering the participation of the entire community. At the end of the process and based on our results, we aimed to indicate preferred formats and themes for future production of educational materials contextualized to the area.
Autogestão da dor crônica no processo de retorno ao trabalho: vivência de trabalhadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
João, Rosilene de Oliveira Rosa
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Hortense, Priscilla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0554-451X
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Mininel, Vivian Aline
Introduction: chronic pain has a high prevalence in Brazil and around the world, and exerts significant impact on people’s lives, including the professional and social relationships dimensions. Strategies that promote self-management of pain and maintenance of work activities are useful for health professionals, managers and people with pain themselves, and should be investigated. Objective: to understand the chronic pain self-management strategies used by workers in the process of returning to work. Method: the study design included two stages. The first was a literature review aimed at identifying and synthesizing pain self-management strategies guided by PRISMA recommendations, conducted in the MEDLINE, WoS and Scopus databases, including studies published in Portuguese and English between 2017 and 2022, based on the descriptors “chronic pain” and “return to work”. In the second stage, a field study focusing on understanding the experiences of workers with chronic pain regarding their return to work was developed at the Health School Unit of the Federal University of São Carlos with the target audience: workers over 18 years old, regardless of sex, type of employment or occupation, undergoing rehabilitation care at the unit, with chronic pain for at least three months and who had returned to work after any period of absence. Data were collected through individual interviews guided by semi-structured questions and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: in the review, of the 14 studies included, ten indicate strategies for self-management of chronic pain predominantly focused on the individual through multidisciplinary programs, two have the participation of the work supervisor in the process, and two describe actions in the work environment as facilitators for returning to work. The results highlighted organizational weaknesses regarding support strategies and adaptations in the work environment. Participants in the field study were 12 workers, six of which were informal and/or self-employed, predominantly female and diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The analysis resulted in 27 recording units and the following thematic categories: aspects that contributed to pain; repercussions of pain on life and work; pain self-management strategies; facilitators and obstacles to returning to work. The results pointed to environmental and organizational aspects of work as contributing to the emergence or worsening of pain and among pain self-management strategies for returning to work, most were individual-focused and had little involvement of the organization in this process. Conclusion: in view of the pain self-management strategies brought by participants of this study, and the significant eases and difficulties in returning to work, the following are emphasized; individual focus, the absence of programs aimed at returning and maintaining work, lack of involvement of employers in sharing this responsibility, the need for adaptations in the workplace, as well as the lack of preparation of health professionals, in general, to care for workers with chronic pain.
Função vascular e autonômica cardíaca em indivíduos hospitalizados com diagnóstico de exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, insuficiência cardíaca ou coexistência das doenças e investigação do efeito agudo vascular da ventilação não-invasiva em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
Schafauser, Nathany Souza
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Sampaio, Luciana Maria Malosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2970138065407046
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-7710
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Heart Failure (HF) often coexist in the same individual and independently are associated with systemic inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk, with a worse prognosis when combined. During COPD exacerbations (ECOPD), there is an aggravation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to increased vulnerability to cardiovascular complications. Similarly, decompensation of HF is marked by acute deterioration of the clinical condition with intensification of signs and symptoms of pulmonary and/or systemic congestion, associated or not with worsening tissue perfusion. During periods of greater stability, evidence points to impairment in aspects such as arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) in both diseases, but there is still a gap regarding this more comprehensive cardiovascular approach during exacerbation and hospitalization, as well as the influence of HF comorbidity during ECOPD. Additionally, the use of non-invasive ventilation is indicated in the treatment of decompensated HF (DHF). NIV in patients with HF has been shown to improve ventricular function, increase intrathoracic pressure, and cardiac output. However, it is still unknown whether these hemodynamic improvements translate into improved endothelial function. STUDY 1 - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cardiovascular profile of hospitalized patients with ECOPD in the presence of HF and compare it with isolated forms of COPD and HF. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including patients diagnosed with ECOPD and decompensated HF (DHF), divided into 3 groups: COPD, COPD-HF, HF. evaluated between 24 and 48 hours after hospital admission. The comprehensive cardiovascular assessment included: 1. Endothelial function: flow-mediated dilation (FMD) methods; 2. Arterial stiffness and hemodynamic variables by pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV); and 3. CAM by heart rate variability analysis. RESULTS: Patients were allocated to groups according to diagnosis as follows: COPD, n = 12; COPD-HF, n = 21; HF, n = 21. In our sample, the mean FMD was 4.45%, indicating endothelial dysfunction. However, in the group with both diseases coexisting, a worse FMD (%) was observed, as presented sequentially for COPD, COPD-HF, and HF. FMD: 5.47 (3.96 – 6.91); 2.66 (0.09 – 3.48); 4.60 (2.30 – 6.43) in % p<0.0005). Augmentation Index (AIx: 29 (19 – 42.6); 34.6 (24.3 – 43.25); 14.5 (8 – 24) p<0.007; cfPWV: (6.5 (5.4 – 7.2); 7.7 (7.0 – 8.5); 6.05 (5.02 – 6.52) in m/s); The COPD-HF group showed greater sympathetic modulation compared to isolated diseases (SNP: -1.32 (-2.53 – -0.62); -2.33 (-2.60 – -2.12); -1.32 (-1.42 – -1.01) p<0.006; SNS: 3.5 (1.40 – 8.55); 7.11 (5.70 – 8.29); 2.32 (1.78 – 5.01) p<0.009). Other indices rMSSD, NN50, pNN50, and TINN also indicate worse CAM in the ECOPD-HF group compared to isolated COPD and HF. CONCLUSION: Vascular function and CAM are more impaired in patients with the comorbidity of HF present in COPD compared to isolated forms of HF and COPD. STUDY II - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effect of NIV on endothelial function in patients hospitalized for DHF. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study including n=20 patients diagnosed with ADHF approached between 24 and 48 hours after hospital admission. The application of NIV lasted between 30 and 60 minutes, using inspiratory pressure between 8 and 12 cmH2O and expiratory pressure between 5 and 7 cmH2O, according to patient tolerance. Before NIV, the following assessments were performed: (1) complete blood count, C-reactive protein, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and arterial blood gas analysis; and (2) endothelial function, using ultrasound of the brachial artery by the flow-mediated dilation method. Immediately after NIV, the assessments were repeated. The analysis considered the response of flow-mediated dilation after NIV (Δ FMD = FMDpost - FMDpre) and compared the subgroups according to the response in non-responders (ΔFMD < 1.79%) vs. responders (ΔFMD > 1.79%). RESULTS: After NIV, an increase in FMD was observed (4.27 ± 2.51% vs. 6.01 ± 2.80%, P < 0.001), with no significant change in arterial blood gas (p>0.05). In the comparison of non-responders versus responders’ subgroups, patients with lower endothelial response after NIV (ΔFMD < 1.79%) showed higher levels of eosinophils (222 ± 74.8 mm3 vs. 101 ± 24 mm3; p=0.002) and C-reactive protein (7.7 ± 10.17 mg/dl vs. 1.94 ± 2.13 mg/dl; p = 0.021). CONCLUSION: The application of NIV acutely improves endothelial function in patients with DHF. The acute unresponsive effect of NIV on endothelial function in patients with DHF may reflect a negative influence of inflammatory markers.
(Des)controle do imaginário: o regime militar como lastro das ficções de Micheliny Verunschk e Joca Reiners Terron
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
Oliveira, Julia de Mello Silva
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Rocha, Rejane Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-6846
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358215216384521
Since the beginning of this second millennium, we have been favoring the improvement of the data-driven way of living. In this improvement, the market is increasingly establishing its logic of speculation and prospecting of demands and agendas by using socially circulating discourses. Through this mechanism, the market can offer to the customers products that fit in their interests until we reach the current peak of the datasphere (BEIGUELMAN, 2021). From the beginning of such improvement until this very moment in which we consolidate it, information is the great driver of profit. The publishing market, which functions as a discursive institution (SALGADO, 2016), utilizes the media-algorithmic rules to speculate and explore the agendas and demands socially in circulation and incorporates them as a basis for the publication, circulation, and sale of books. Indeed, the author is also a result of his time and has a position in this dynamic as a catalyst and prism of culture that appears filtered in his written products. To be published and to the publication have some impact, however, it is necessary to take part in the publishing market dynamics. This is the logic that definitely determines the themes and forms of literature since we began to assume information as an organizational vector of Western thought. In Brazil, we have seen, little by little, a progressive political process that reflects ideologies centralizing issues of equality and social justice. When we had a president who was a former activist against the military dictatorship of 1964 (which coincides with the work of the National Truth Commission and the 50th anniversary of the regime) we were experiencing the peak of information, discourses, and social demands for an inclusive, fair, and diverse democracy, capable of looking at its past, present and future with that very lens. Groups in favor of this ideology and against it are equivalent to groups in favor of historical reparations regarding the various authoritarianism agendas we have experienced since colonization and groups that do not think this should be a value in managing the country's politics. Regardless of the pole - in favor or against it -, the debate was set, and polarized information was in circulation, generating demands to be met by the market and the publishing market. The coincidence between “being in favor of the dictatorship” and “being against such values as guides for State management” or between “being against the dictatorship” and “being in favor of a specific social democracy” had consequences for literature, especially in one of its niches: the 1964 dictatorship literature. In fact, due to the context introduced, this literary segment presented a politicized and referentialized literary representation (which is positive in the sense that literature could be an equalizer of political debate). On the other side, nonetheless, the fiction work was marginalized. This scene - more referentialization, less fiction - made the boom in Brazilian contemporary post-dictatorial novel. This kind of literature has been published since the 2000s and centralizes the 1964 dictatorship in its plot. It also has a tentacular narrative that materializes the aesthetics of insurgency to be put in the form of a literary product (ZOHAR, 2017) which will be neutralized by the need for profit, the end of the entire marketing process. Our work, based on the Theory of Imaginary Control by Luiz Costa Lima (2007; 2009), describes this phenomenon and proves the hypothesis that Noite dentro da noite by Joca Reiners Terron, and Trilogia Infernal, by Micheliny Verunschk, escape such description.
Mineração de texto, inteligência artificial e aplicações em biotecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-24)
Reis, Vítor Eulálio
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4945-7485
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Pataxo
Large Language Models (LLMs) are AI-powered programs that generate and manipulate text, learning to understand and respond in a human-like way by developing their descriptive capabilities and potential. LLMs face challenges such as specific knowledge gaps, factuality issues, and hallucinations. Therefore, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) aims to address these challenges by connecting models to external and verified knowledge sources. In this context, the RAG approach is used here to analyze and extract responses from scientific texts, investigating the intrinsic relationship within the complex connections and the relationship with current use. The methods and techniques are based on AI for different language processing to retrieve, rationalize, and mobilize the knowledge present in an interdisciplinary technical-scientific knowledge to be validated. Therefore, techniques for text mining generated from relevant documents are integrated, while text generation seems to operate more effectively in complex contexts for specific in-depth analysis. Additionally, the field of Science or Science-Bot studies potential connections and interactions that are imagined or underrepresented in the literature, contributing to the ongoing debate in various ways. As a case study, Sci-Bot was fed scientific texts with existing information on possible directions for future research, public health strategies in the area control and prevention, and even in changing cultural traits. Thus, the RAG approach makes it possible to articulate textual information from the scientific literature, enabling a detailed explanation on an unprecedented scale of all the complex connections or intersections between the key concepts involved in the recent context of the pandemic.