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Oxidação com Cu-Fau e CO2 como oxidante em processo contínuo e com modulação CH4-CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-25)
Carvalho, Yasmin Oliveira
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3724836838354176
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5968-8987
The direct oxidation of methane to methanol has been a long-standing challenge in heterogeneous catalysis, with limited methanol production during each catalytic cycle. An alternative option would be to implement a continuous gas-phase process with high productivity, which for safety reasons requires high control over the use of O2. In the present work, it was possible to obtain a continuous process for the isothermal conversion of methane to methanol at high temperature (350-400ºC) using CuFAU and suppressing the methanol extraction step with steam. By replacing O2 with CO2 as oxidant and removing water vapor from the process, the active phase Z-CuOH.HOCu-Z becomes Z-Cu3O3-Z. Z-Cu3O3-Z species are reduced by CH4 and reoxidized by CO2. Modulation tests with CH4 and CO2 revealed that the amount of oxygen available for the reaction is much greater than that present in the active phase Z-Cu3O3-Z. It was found that under the reaction conditions, when CO2 is fed to the reactor, part of it is adsorbed on the zeolite, which is used in the reoxidation of the active species when reduced by methane. Thus, by feeding the reactor only with CH4 at 7 bar, methanol could be formed and desorbed at a temperature of 400°C for a long time (> 3 h), with an average rate of 162.6 µmolmethanol.(gcat.h)-1 . The results show the possibility of continuous methanol formation in the absence of O2, with yields of the order of those obtained in the looping approach. Therefore, this process seems to be a step forward towards the possible commercialization of the direct conversion of methane to methanol.
Effect of acute exposure to settleable atmospheric particulate matter emitted by the steel industry on hematology and innate immunity of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-25)
Soares, Michelly Pereira
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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Leite, Cléo Alcantara Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1386743025336085
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
Base de dados de efeitos TRIZ multilíngue ligada com IPC e CNAE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-25)
Zaniro, Dênis Leonardo
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Quoniam, Luc
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0800017967297543
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754764003480925
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-9264
Infâncias e(m) refúgio: o cotidiano de crianças refugiadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-25)
Nagem, Jessica Cunha de Oliveira
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Cid, Maria Fernanda Barboza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8595043315867424
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-0670
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6696385276802361
Each year, the number of people forcibly displaced from their homes and who, therefore, seek refuge in other countries, increases significantly, making the current situation experienced by refugees recognized as one of the greatest humanitarian crises of all time. Nevertheless, the number of studies on this topic, especially on Brazilian soil, is incipient and inexpressive, compared to the number of people affected by this problem. Approximately half of the refugee population is composed of children who experience the situation of forced displacement accompanied or not by their families, which is a marker of vulnerability related to the mental health of this population. The refuge situation imposes ruptures in the daily experience of the people who experience it, including children, however, little consideration has been shown for them in the production of knowledge about the reality they go through. The general objective of this study was to identify the perspectives of children in refugee situations about their daily lives, focusing on the act eating, the act of playing and the act of dwelling. This was qualitative research of exploratory nature, whose main methodological resource was immersion in field research, using creative methods for the production of data that used everyday activities common to childhoods (games, production of collages and drawings), in addition to recording in a field diary, photographs and participant observation. Fourteen Afghan children between 5 and 10 years old, who were in a situation of refuge on Brazilian soil and were welcomed in an institution in the state of São Paulo, participated in this research. It should be noted that, when mentioning the refugee situation, both refugee children and those awaiting recognition of the refugee status are included. The results of this research were presented based on the recordings in a field diary, photographs and drawings made by the children themselves. The data obtained was analysed based on a reading guided by Bardin's Thematic Analysis Technique (2011), with special attention to the children's own reading regarding their activities. The research participants associated the three categories explored with both Brazilian aspects and aspects of their native country, expanding their daily experience from the current context. The presence of their homes was diverse, and the participants signalled as home both the place where they are in refuge and the place from where they left. They associated to the act of dwelling: aeroplane, Afghan and Brazilian houses and, mainly, people, presenting the human aspect, especially their families, as a dwelling space. To the act of eating, the children explored Brazilian food and Afghan food and, to the act of playing, they associated meetings between their peers, meetings in order to carry out the research activities and different and spontaneous moments of daily life. The participants demonstrated a search for the collective throughout this research, which also brought as results the complex relationship of the participants with the public educational system; capable of providing clues for the effective reception of the refugee population to the Brazilian educational system, as well as reflections on a daily grammar potentially welcoming to childhoods and/in refuge. Finally, the research revealed the importance of considering refugee childhoods based on their own narratives and suggests that other studies should tackle this topic.
Análise do comportamento mecânico do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 201LN: um modelo experimental para os mecanismos de endurecimento na deformação plástica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-25)
Braga, Diogo Pedrino
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Kliauga, Andrea Madeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3527528295399928
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0272-9036
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
The deformation-induced transformation of austenite (γ) into martensite εHCP and α’ (TRIP – Transformation-induced Plasticity) increases the plastic deformation and the hardening in austenitic steels with low stacking fault energy (SFE), providing an increase in simultaneous strength and toughness. The kinetics of this transformation can be affected by variables involved in the plastic deformation process, such as temperature, strain rate and deformation mode. In this work, the general plastic deformation behavior of an austenitic stainless steel (ASS) stabilized with manganese and nitrogen (AISI 20lLN/UNS S20153) was investigated through tensile and compression tests over a wide temperature range (-100° C at 800° C) and strain rate (10-4 to 10-2 s-1); thereafter, at intervals of interest, a more detailed investigation was carried out. Based on the results of mechanical tests and classical models for plastic deformation due to dislocation slip (Voce) and for deformation-induced martensitic transformation (Olson-Cohen) and deformation-induced twinning (Hall-Petch), constitutive equations were proposed seeking to describe the plastic deformation behavior of the material, emphasizing the collaboration of the active mechanisms during each interval. The terms of these equations were parameterized as a function of thermal activation, encompassing the joint effects of temperature and strain rate. A detailed microstructural characterization (X-ray diffraction – XRD and electronbackscattered diffraction - EBSD) was also carried out, correlating the microstructural evolution of the material with the observed plastic deformation behavior. Under the imposed conditions, the 201LN showed a TRIP behavior up to 100° C and between this temperature and 600° C the TWIP mechanism was predominant, with an interval in which these mechanisms overlapped. A significant difference was found between the behavior in tension and in compression, where the proposed model proves to be assertive for predicting the behavior in tension.
Reflexões sobre o processo de aprender: efeitos de estratégias de aprendizagem para alunos de língua inglesa em contexto universitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-25)
Almeida, Elom de Paulo Andrade de
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8962788818387212
The variety of resources available for language learning has offered students the opportunity to become autonomous in this process. However, even with access to these tools, it is possible that these learners do not know how to manage and guide their studies, something that the application of learning strategies (EAs) can facilitate. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of EAs by English language students in an extension course offered through the Language Institute of a public university and the implications of managing these strategies in the formation of students' autonomy during the course. Above all, we seek to verify the use of these strategies, which ones are used and how students apply them in order to manage their learning process. The theories underlying this work are related to studies by Oxford (1990, 2017, 2021), Griffiths (2018) and Cohen (2014). The research is based on a qualitative, ethnographic-based approach, with the researcher as a participant observer in the role of teacher and the use of questionnaires and reflective diaries as data collection instruments. As a result, we identified that all participants demonstrate using strategies, but with different variations and nature, in addition to applying them in chains or clusters. Regarding the effects on the formation of autonomous learners, we found that instruction on learning strategies and the writing of reflective journals contributed to the awareness of how to act and how to regulate the way of learning, as well as the recognition of their active role in the learning process.
Efeitos da tutoria por pares em comportamentos de uma criança com autismo em contexto escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26)
Antochio, Ingrid
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Elias, Nassim Chamel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3061977792625778
The Revised DSM-V characterizes autism by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction that can manifest themselves in different contexts, such as social reciprocity, verbal and non-verbal communication and skills to initiate, maintain and understand relationships between others. All of these limitations exponentially harm the child's development in a social context, especially at school, as peers have little or no adequate repertoire to deal with behaviors that differ from those observed in most individuals. Given this demand, the present project sought to evaluate the effects of using structured social interaction situations with the support of peer tutoring on the appropriate and inappropriate social behaviors of a child diagnosed with ASD. Thirteen students with typical development and one student diagnosed with ASD participated in the research, all enrolled in the 1st year of Primary Education at a regular school in the interior of São Paulo. An ABAB-type reversal design was used in order to obtain the effects of the treatment on appropriate social skills in children with ASD and their classmates, who played the role of individual tutors, responsible for appropriate social interactions. Between the initial baseline and the first phase of treatment there was mentoring training with peers, with the aim of directing interactions between them, which corresponded to: staying with, playing with and talking to a friend (based on English, Goldstein, Shafer, & Kaczmarek, 1997). For data collection, 21 sessions were carried out using the field diary and a table to record behaviors as instruments, considering four dependent variables: asking for an object and responding according to the request made, obtaining the other's attention appropriately, waiting turn, and look in the direction of the person when they are speaking. There was an increase in the target student's responses in all variables, but these data were not fully generalized to external environments (outside the classroom). The results corroborate the scientific findings, but there is still a need for more research in this area in the Brazilian context with other types of samples.
Caracterização da Região Metropolitana de Ribeirão Preto SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26)
Melo, Lívia Mara de Almeida
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Stanganini, Fábio Noel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1952957212369535
Brazil had a relevant and extensive territorial organization, made up of 82 metropolitan regions that were determined for specific treatment purposes depending on the particularities of each region. Although most of the criteria can still be considered pertinent, some points must be highlighted: it is clear that industry performance plays an important role in the metropolization process of these regions, as does migration, responsible for the sudden population growth. In the context of third modernity, and in countries with a recent industrialization process, such as Brazil, these criteria become more decisive, because of the industry, although important, has not been the driving sector of the urban economy for a long time, having been surpassed by the tertiary. The challenges faced by metropolises have a national impact, as they concentrate the majority of corporations and services of interest to the Union, configuring a center for investment and capital accumulation, making cooperation between municipal, state and, mainly federal, public authorities important in the debate of these issues. The objective of the research was to characterize the Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto, based on the historical and spatial process. Initially, data and supporting aspects of this study were collected and analyzed, with regard to the historical process of creation of metropolitan regions, and consequently the Ribeirão Preto Metropolitan Region.
Percepção do usuário sobre o acesso a medicamentos nos equipamentos municipais do SUS de Álvares Machado-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26)
Marcondes, Flávia Fernanda Catussi
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-3050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427697096472982
The availability and rational use of medicines are crucial aspects to guarantee comprehensive healthcare in the Unified Health System (SUS), being directly linked to the sufficiency in terms of availability, quantity and quality of medicines provided. Among other issues, understanding people's access to medicines in the health system is fundamental for effective management, which seeks comprehensiveness and resolution in the care provided. To contribute in this sense, the perceptions of users of Pharmaceutical Assistance in Álvares Machado, SP, in relation to access to medicines provided by the local SUS were explored. Through a clinical-qualitative approach, using individual interviews and thematic content analysis, instability in the supply of medicines and difficulties in accessibility to the central pharmacy were identified as problems that hinder the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of the desired health care. by SUS. The relationship established between the pharmaceutical team and users, as well as the organization of the flow for access to medicines, were positive points observed in Pharmaceutical Assistance. The decentralization and peripheralization of PHC to the PHC territory and the establishment of a strategic management model capable of ensuring regularity in the supply of medicines were proposed. One of the suggested strategies is the creation of protocols and guidelines guided by lines of care.
Comportamento mecânico e resistência à corrosão de juntas soldadas de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex 2101 (S32101): uma análise comparativa dos processos GTAW e GTAW dupla fusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26)
Lambertucci, Gustavo Ometto
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Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-4902
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Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della
Recently, duplex stainless steels are used in many applications involving corrosive atmospheres in combination with the need for high mechanical strength. These steels have a microstructure with a volumetric fraction of ferrite / austenite in the ratio of 1:1, which provides good mechanical properties compared to traditional ferritic or austenitic stainless steels. However, in welding processes, exposure to high temperatures alters the balance of these two phases and simultaneously promotes the supply of harmful phases. In this work, lean duplex stainless steels of class S32101 were used welded using the GTAW and GTAW-DF (double fusion) processes. The studied material is a representative of the “lean duplex” category, where Ni and Mo from conventional duplex steel (S32205) are partially replaced by Mn and N. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of process variation on the properties of the welded joint since the difference between the GTAW process and the GTAW-DF is due to the fact that there is a second heat input due to the second torch welding synchronously on the opposite side in the GTAW-DF process, which can increase the formation of harmful phases. The evolution of the microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the weld was evaluated by optical microscopy and the mechanical performance was evaluated through tensile, hardness, impact and bending tests, in addition to pitting corrosion tests. With the results of this study, it was possible to verify the increase in austenite and nitrides in the HAZ of the GTAW-DF process, without significant losses in the corrosion test and mechanical tests. Conventional GTAW was shown to be less reliable than GTAW-DF as it showed porosity in the radiography test and cracks in the bending test. Despite the thermal effects of GTAW-DF, it was evaluated more reliably and the effects were compressive for welding joints in this material.
Desenvolvimento de banhos para eletrodeposição da liga de Ni-Mo na presença do complexo bórico-sorbitol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26)
Vitorasso, Giovana Baron
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Carlos, Ivani Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1628425604658360
The Ni-Mo alloy is used in the industrial environment as it is characterized as a promising ecological substitute for hard chrome coating due to its excellent properties, such as high thermal stability, resistance to corrosion and wear and high hardness. The electrodepositions of Ni and Ni-Mo alloy on 1010 steel from an acid bath with the boric-sorbitol complex and using different concentrations of Na2MoO4 were investigated. From the results obtained by potentiometric titrations, the optimal pH for the baths developed was determined. Voltammetric curves showed that increasing the concentration of Na2MoO4 in the baths resulted in a decrease in current density (j). Through voltammetric studies using different scanning and rotation speEDX, it was observed that the Ni2+ reduction process was controlled by charge transfer at the beginning, and later by mixed control; and for Ni-Mo, there is mass transport control and mixed control. Galvanostatic transients significantly indicated the presence of HER in electrodepositions with jdep = -10 and -20 mA cm-2 and absence of rotation, which decreased with the presence of rotation at w = 500 rpm. Furthermore, rotation decreased the presence of Ni(OH)2 precipitated on the surface of the deposits produced. The Ni electrodeposits were opaque and whitish, while the Ni-Mo deposits obtained without rotation were bright, non-uniform, with gray tones and/or brownish regions. Upon rotation, the Ni-Mo electrodeposits were brown or colored, possibly due to the presence of molybdenum oxides. Characterization by SEM revealed globular morphologies for the Ni electrodeposits, and smooth and with the presence of irregular crystallites dispersed for the Ni-Mo deposits, mostly. The Mo contents obtained in Ni-Mo alloys from the baths developed were high and efficient when compared to the literature, with the deposit being produced with w = 500 rpm, jdep = -3 mA cm-2, from bath 0.24 M Ni2+ / 0.020 M MoO42-, responsible for the highest content of 67.8%m of Mo. The efficiency of Ni-Mo electrodeposits produced from baths and deposition conditions varied between 2.7 and 9.3%, being significantly lower than the efficiency resulting from Ni electrodeposits, from 57.4% to 78.4%. A possible justification for this is the high presence of HER parallel to the Ni-Mo reduction process, this alloy being catalytic for this reaction. By XRD, crystalline Ni phases were observed in Ni electrodeposits, and in Ni-Mo electrodeposits, it was observed that the vast majority of electrodeposits could be characterized as a solid solution of Mo in Ni. Through the adherence test, it was found that all Ni and Ni-Mo deposits produced in the absence of rotation were classified as Gr0 by NBR 11003. In the presence of rotation, adherence depended on the parameters and deposition baths. It can be concluded that the Ni and Ni-Mo deposition baths in the presence of CBS developed in this work were efficient in producing electrodeposits with high Mo contents in the chemical composition (in the case of Ni-Mo), adherent and with the absence of cracks.
Photochemical access to noncanonical amino acids and modified peptides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26)
Delgado, José Antonio Campos
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Paixão, Márcio Weber
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659929470209327
This thesis holds new opportunities on the synthetic state-of-the-art for the photochemical elaboration of noncanonical amino acids and exogenous peptides as judged by (i) the incorporation of a desired structural motif as a side chain via the construction of the non-proteinogenic amino acid building block, and (ii) the precise chemoselective manipulation of an endogenous peptide backbone in solid-phase postsynthetic settings. Chapter 1 describes a photoexcited binary EDA complex that promotes site-selective alkylation of dehydroalanine to access unprecedentedly protected unnatural amino acids under biocompatible reaction conditions. The protocol elapses with marked simplicity obviating the need for an external metal/organic photocatalyst. The optimal reaction condition is shown to be compatible with the implementation of NHPI esters and Katritzky salts as electron acceptor substrates for controlled radical generation. The “off-amino acid scaffold” radical approach implements C(sp3)-hybridized radicals from peptides and advanced synthetic intermediates to construct amino acid-pendant noncanonical motifs. Moreover, no reaction re-optimization was required to successfully prepare another family of enantioenriched amino acids when the Karady-Beckwith alkene was subjected to hydroalkylation. Overall, the protocol was characterized by the wide nature of alkyl radicals employed, mild conditions, and functional group compatibility with chemical yield ranging from moderate to excellent (up to 90% yield). Chapter 2 introduces the concept of merging metallaphotocatalysis with solid-phase peptide synthesis for the diversification of native amino acid side chains under postsynthetic settings. As a result, a highly efficient solid-phase side-selective arylation reaction for editing the N(in)-moiety of tryptophan residues in biologically relevant oligopeptides without damaging native redox-sensitive side chains is described. The transformation proceeds with fully orthogonal chemoselectivity obviating substrate-pre functionalization requirements, thus allowing one-step modification towards noncanonical atoms. The protocol performs extremely well in congested environments such as on-resin fully protected peptides and is suited for chemical biology applications as it accomplishes bioconjugation with fluorogenic and affinity probes, biopolymers, and biologically relevant entities. This solid-phase metallaphotoredox method proves to be robust in arylating an array of challenging biologically active tryptophan-containing peptides (e.g., Valorphin, Spinorphin, Urotensin II, Somatostain, Temporin L, Cholecystokinin, Penetratin, Cosyntropin, Melittin, Glucagon, etc.) no matter where the position or topology in the sequence the tryptophan residue is. The tolerance of the free N-terminal drives stepwise and multifold arylations with subsequent backbone elongation. Thus, this approach streamlines the process of derivatizing bioactive molecules, rendering them more “drug-like”. This expedites the lead optimization process, resulting in the timely development of a clinically viable candidate.
Tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar americana em serviço de referência do estado do Acre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-27)
Freitas, Athena Agatha Albuquerque
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Muricy, Victor Cavalcante
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Barbosa, Mariana Ramos
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Lima, Luís Fernando Melo
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Silva Nunes, Mônica da
A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana é registrada com frequência na Amazônia. Manifesta-se após picada do flebotomíneo e se apresenta na forma cutânea, mucosa ou mucocutânea. A primeira opção de tratamento é o antimoniato de meglumina, apesar de diversas contraindicações. O estudo destina-se a avaliar os casos de LTA atendidos na Fundhacre, local de referencia para tratamento no Estado do Acre, de acordo com suas características clínicoepidemiológicas e dados do tratamento. É um estudo de coorte retrospectivo entre jan./2005 a jul./2014, que aponta a prevalência da doença na forma cutânea e lesão do tipo única predominantemente em indivíduos do sexo masculino, jovens e adultos residentes em área urbana, e em menor frequência em mulheres e algumas gestantes e em pessoas residentes na área rural do estado. Há associação da forma mucosa/mucocutânea com a profissão de risco e cardiotoxicidade ao uso do medicamento. O tratamento mais utilizado foi o antimoniato, o qual se observou a prescrição medicamentosa fora dos padrões do Ministério da Saúde. A LTA tem poucas opções terapêuticas e as mais eficazes são consideradas de risco, o que demanda o total controle no tratamento, que por imperícia pode surgir como uma endemia crescente.
Baixa estatura e fatores associados entre crianças indígenas Wari', no oeste do estado de Rondônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-27)
Silva Nunes, Mônica da
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Alves, Cristiano Lucas de Menezes
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Oliveira, Maurício Viana Gomes de
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Hang, Adriana Tavares
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Escobar, Ana Lúcia
A desnutrição crônica é um importante agravo de saúde entre os povos indígenas. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência do déficit de estatura para idade (E/I) entre crianças Wari' e identificar fatores associados. Como método, efetuou-se estudo transversal come 180 crianças nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Utilizou-se as curvas de crescimento da OMS de 2006, gerando-se os escores-Z no programa AnthroPlus. Analise de regressão logística foi realizada através do Software R Versão 3.1.2. Resultados: A prevalência de desnutrição foi 37% entre <5 anos de idade e houve associação (p =0,03) de déficit de E/I nas residências onde resíduos não recebiam nenhum manejo. Idade e escolaridade materna estão associados a desnutrição (p-valor = 0,08 e 0,05), entre outros. Conclusão: Precárias condições sanitárias e de moradia, propiciam exposição desfavorável, mantendo indicadores de saúde ruins entre os Wari'. Elevadas prevalências de déficits nos indicadores antropométricos e os modelos de regressão sugerem existência de sérios problemas sanitários e de saúde a serem resolvidos.
Macroinvertebrados aquáticos da região Andino- Amazônica: paisagem fluvial, diversidade taxonômica e diversidade funcional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Garaviz, Jhonatan Gutiérrez
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Pelaéz-Rodríguez, Marlon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6765247167719129
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-8155
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Rocha, Odete
The Andean-Amazonian region of the Caquetá department is renowned for hosting a vast biodiversity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. However, in recent years, this region has experienced various anthropogenic impacts, primarily associated with deforestation, most evident in the lowlands. Additionally, this has led to significant concerns over the loss of connectivity between the Colombian Amazon and the eastern Andes Mountain range. This prompted us to study the riverscape associated with different lotic ecosystems to understand their regional dynamics and how this may influence the assembly of aquatic macroinvertebrates. We established three study zones: the Andes, the Transition, and the Amazonia, defining ten sampling stations. At each study site, we characterized the different components of the riverscape. In addition, we collected samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates using a multi-habitat methodology. For data analysis, we estimated taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity. We implemented a Redundancy Analysis to identify environmental variables that predict the composition and beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and we developed a generalized linear model linking the richness and abundance of the Odonata order to altitude, latitude, and longitude (regional scale). Our results revealed a successional process of various environmental variables from the Andean region towards the Amazon, also highlighting a pattern of environmental deterioration that increases from the higher parts of the region to the lowlands. Moreover, these variables act as crucial environmental filters in the establishment of the community of aquatic macroinvertebrates and the Ephemeroptera order on a local scale and, from a regional perspective, in the Odonata order, which also serves as a bioindicator group for the fragmentation of riparian forests. Our findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the riverscape between the Andes and the Amazonia in Caquetá. Additionally, we have established new taxonomic records and diversity estimates, which could be vital for adequately using and managing natural resources in the region. These will serve as a future reference for vulnerability analysis related to the loss of connectivity between the study areas.
Contribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes to the activation of Peroxymonosulfate using cobalt magnetic ferrite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Broterson, Yoisel Bueno
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Aquino, José Mario de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847710280926769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5588787534722285
The catalytic process (c-AOP), which utilizes metal oxides (or another type of material) to activate various oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxydisulfate (PDS, S2O82–), and peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5–), among others, constitutes one of the advanced oxidative processes (AOP) that can effectively treat surface and supply waters contaminated by synthetic organic compounds. In particular, magnetic ferrites have the advantage of being reusable and easily separated from the reaction medium. However, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding the participation/action of ions leached from those metal oxides in the oxidant activation process, as well as the study of the surface modifications that occur in the oxides after use. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to elucidate the role of cobalt magnetic ferrite (CoFe2O4), and Co(II) ions added to the reaction mixture, in the in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) using peroxymonosulfate (PMS), as well as the surface effects on ferrite resulting from the ISCO process. For this purpose, CoFe2O4 was synthesized using the sol-gel (SG) and co-precipitation (Cpt) methods, followed by calcination in a muffle furnace (400 ºC and 700 ºC) for 1 h, and the materials obtained were characterized as-prepared (AsP) and, after use in the pollutant degradation tests (Us). The application of CoFe2O4 for the in situ activation of PMS involved studying the catalyst dosage and PMS concentration, the effect of phosphate buffer and pH, as well as different aqueous matrices. Based on the results obtained, low concentrations of CoFe2O4 (0.125 g L–1) and PMS (500 µmol L–1) are sufficient for the complete oxidation of IMD. Furthermore, it was observed that even small concentrations (in the order of µg L–1) of the Co(II) ion also resulted in the complete oxidation of the pollutant, with pH correction and monitoring of the reaction medium contributing to this process. This finding contributes to the understanding of why all synthesized materials exhibit similar rates of IMD oxidation. Some attempts to prevent the leaching of Co(II) ions were carried out; however, they were not successful. Analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry allowed the identification of only 5 intermediates, starting from IMD, whose main structural modifications were due to ruptures in the imidazolidine ring and/or successive hydroxylation reactions. As expected, the main reactive oxygen species identified were hydroxyl (HO●) and sulfate (SO4●–) radicals, and the non-radical singlet oxygen (1O2). The latter species led to high levels of IMD oxidation, even in a complex aqueous matrix such as simulated municipal wastewater (SMWW), albeit with an order of magnitude decrease in the rate of IMD oxidation. Finally, a mechanism for PMS activation by solid and Co(II) ions was proposed based on the materials tested and data obtained.
Licenciatura em música, ações afirmativas e diretrizes nacionais curriculares para a educação das relações étnico-raciais: o caso da UFSCAR e da UFRB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Melo, Luísa Maria Matos de
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9436974023888782
This study aimed to investigate how the Bachelor of Music Education programs at two different Brazilian federal universities from different regions have been adapting, within the curricular scope, to the demands raised by the National Curricular Guidelines for Ethnic-Racial Relations Education (DCNs ERER). The proposal was to analyze the curricula and syllabi of the mentioned courses regarding the integration of themes related to ethnic-racial relations, as well as to understand the perception of students and graduates regarding this integration. This research involved a qualitative exploratory perspective, utilizing documentary and bibliographical analysis, in addition to semi-structured interviews. From the analysis of the Course Pedagogical Projects of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) and the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), it is also possible to obtain a more comprehensive overview of the influence of the different contexts in which they are inserted in the design of the curricula in question. Juxtaposing the data gleaned from the curricular analysis with the data procured from student interviews reveals a discrepancy between the propositions outlined in the documents and the students' perceptions of their implementation. Generally, the hypotheses suggest that curricula tend to incorporate the overarching principles of regulations, rather than the specific details, in most instances.
Desamparo: uma análise a partir das primeiras publicações psicanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Washimi, Micaela Arisa
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Maniakas, Georgina Carolina Oliveira Faneco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1207794266426572
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1197118687819203
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-3396
The term chosen in Brazilian Portuguese for the German word Hilflosigkeit, used by Freud since his early psychoanalytic publications, is "helplessness." In the reading of Freud's work, helplessness can be approached from various perspectives, which maintain certain similarities but differ in the way they emphasize specific aspects originating from different writings of Freud, to outline a concept of helplessness that is distinctly psychoanalytic. In this sense, this work sought to reconstruct the history of the use of the term helplessness in Freud's production, focusing on the early psychoanalytic publications (1892-1900), considered crucial for the development of Psychoanalysis. Its main objective was to analyze the texts from this period, seeking to understand the meaning attributed to the term in each of them, highlighting differences and similarities. For this purpose, a bibliographic survey was conducted, delimiting the productions in which Freud uses the terms Hilflosigkeit and hilflos, along with their possible variations. The works found in this bibliographic research served as guides for the readings and analyses carried out. It aimed to demonstrate that the constitutive elements of the concept of helplessness are already present in Freud's early writings; however, their integration depends on the development of other notions, such as the introduction of narcissism and the death drive, as well as the establishment of the second topic and the theory of angst. The exposition sought to highlight the ubiquity of the term helplessness in Freudian theory, emphasizing the difficulty of circumscribing it and the extent of its consequences for the psyche.
Considerações e possíveis soluções para o problema da estimação do mínimo populacional com aplicações em dados de terremotos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Saldanha, Matheus Henrique Junqueira
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2301154612725391
A myriad of physical, biological and other phenomena are better modeled with semi-infinite distribution families, in which case not knowing the populational minimum becomes a hassle when performing parametric inference. This problem has not been directly discussed in the literature thus far, but it is straightforward to devise a maximum likelihood solution (denoted hereafter as ``pure MLE''), and endpoint estimators proposed in the literature could also be used. Although endpoint estimators are usually evaluated according to their bias and variance, in this project we argue that these are not adequate metrics, so we discuss and use alternatives. We then propose some solutions of our own, some of them aiming to achieve simplicity in terms of their computational cost, and one method (what we call ``maximum likelihood estimation with parameter-dependent support,'' or MLEPDS) where we estimate the population minimum indirectly, by maximizing a modified likelihood function $L(\cdot \mid \vec{\theta})$ that shifts the sample by a certain amount depending on $\vec{\theta}$. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed MLEPDS method outperforms both the pure MLE method as well as the approaches that use endpoint estimators proposed in the literature. In particular, our method offers significantly better results in smaller samples, which will surely be of use to many practitioners out there who have to work with limited data. The dissertation is concluded with an application of the proposed MLEPDS method to predict the maximum magnitude of earthquakes. The probability distribution of earthquake magnitudes is subject to a lot of discussion in the literature; Kijko (2004) describes a few options, which we modify appropriately for use in the MLEPDS method, with which we estimate maximum magnitudes. The regions of Japan, New Zealand, Balkan peninsula and worldwide are analyzed. Experiments show that our method overall gives higher estimates for the maximum magnitude than two other methods inspired by the literature, and also displays an apparent sensitivity in the year-by-year analysis, indicating that it manages to better capture and understand the underlying changes in seismic activity.
Potencial dos compostos orgânicos voláteis como estimulantes vegetais: uma investigação em diferentes cultivares de tomate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Aguiar, Maria Clara Santana
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-2921
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0503514392141729
Essential oils extracted from plants are composed of volatile organic compounds that have a wide range of biological activities in vital systems. Various effects of essential oils on plant growth have been demonstrated. However, their effects at the molecular level are not well understood. In addition, their volatile and degradable nature limits their application. Therefore, we investigated the potential of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), lemon balm (Lippia alba), and orange (Citrus sinensis) essential oils as plant biostimulants using the tomato cultivars Solanum pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum as models, classified as Plant Introduction (PI) and commercial, respectively. To evaluate the biostimulant activity of essential oils, this study was conducted in three research fronts, namely (i) the development of the formulation containing the biostimulant, (ii) the evaluation of extraction methods to characterize biotic interactions, and (iii) the application of the formulated products in tomato cultivars. The first stage of the research was to improve the dispersion of essential oils in an aqueous medium. Therefore, a method for obtaining biopolymer microcapsules containing essential oils was evaluated. To prepare the microcapsules, we evaluated the type of biopolymer (native and modified manioc starch), the surfactant content (polysorbate 80) and the addition (or not) of adjuvants (banana, pequi and lignin residues). The emulsions were analyzed for their viscosities, surface morphologies, and oil concentrations after emulsion preparation and soil application. We found that the use of modified starch combined with the addition of adjuvants favored the microencapsulation process with essential oil recoveries higher than 85% (v v-1). In the soil tests, we observed that the biopolymer microcapsules allowed the retention of oils twice as high as the emulsified oils. For the second phase of this study, we investigated the extraction techniques of plant samples for instrumental metabolomic analysis. This process was essential to ensure standardization and reproducibility of plant material analyses. Using the methods evaluated, we observed that for both cultivars there was a gradual modulation of gibberellins and furanocoumarin precursors during the developmental stages. In addition, commercial plants showed a higher accumulation of isoflavones in the vegetative stage, which may be related to the purple color of their leaves. The PI during development showed a greater induction in the biosynthesis of glycosylated molecules of quercetin and kaempferol. The PI variety was also the only one in which we detected the beta-tomatine molecule in the developmental stages. In the third step, we applied the formulations containing the essential oils and verified, using standardized methods, the induction in the biosynthesis of metabolites related to defense mechanisms for both cultivars after the treatments. In addition, we confirmed that the essential oils stimulated root growth, confirming their biostimulant potential for tomato plants. These data represent the first step in the development of products containing essential oils as plant biostimulants.